765:
788:
969:
951:
933:
1077:
1062:
1047:
1032:
1017:
1002:
987:
1107:
1092:
357:
407:
595:
44:
828:
constituency. There is no statewide adjustment of the seats. Only
Parties and groups of voters who obtain at least 5% of the total votes (sum of first and second votes) in Bavaria participate in the distribution of seats. This threshold also applies to winning single-member districts; a party will forfeit all its district seats that it won if the party did not meet the 5% statewide threshold, with the forfeited district seats going to the second-place candidate.
290:(CSU). Bavaria has long been a bastion of conservative politics in Germany, with the Christian Social Union has won every election of the state parliament since 1946 and having almost a monopoly on power. Every Minister-President since 1957 has been a member of this party. On the other hand the bigger and more liberal, or rather social democratic, cities, especially Munich, have been governed for decades by the
322:(More Democracy). This is a grass-roots organization which campaigns for the right to citizen-initiated referendums. In 1997 the Bavarian Supreme Court aggravated the regulations considerably (e.g. by introducing a turn-out quorum). Nevertheless, Bavaria has the most advanced regulations on local direct democracy in
854:
According to the
Bavarian Constitution, the election must be held on a Sunday "at the earliest 59 months, at the latest 62 months" after the preceding state elections unless the Landtag is dissolved, in this case the new election shall be held at the latest on the sixth Sunday after the dissolution.
835:
system for the constituency seats. For the distribution of list seats, a candidate is ranked within the list by the number of first votes received within the district plus the number of second votes received from voters elsewhere in the constituency. In this manner, voters collectively produce a list
827:
in state elections unconstitutional. To compensate if a party wins more electoral district seats in a constituency than its votes would entitle it to (these extra seats are termed overhang seats), the other parties receive leveling seats in the constituency too, increasing the number of seats for the
814:
every elector has two votes, one for a candidate in their electoral district and one for a candidate in their constituency. All district (local) candidates are also constituency (regional) candidates with their parties. The parties may also nominate constituency-only candidates. To prevent double
819:, based just on the first (district) votes. The distribution of seats in the constituencies are made by proportional representation which takes into account the parties' aggregate first (district) votes combined with their second (constituency) votes. Seats are allocated using the
612:), which are referred to in the constitution as constituencies (Wahlkreise). The constituencies are divided into electoral districts (Stimmkreise) in which one member is directly elected. The number of single member districts is about half the number of seats in the constituency.
425:
and up to 17 state ministers and state secretaries. The
Minister-President as head of government is elected for a period of five years by the Landtag. With the approval of the Landtag he appoints and dismiss the members of the State Government.
298:
which have been represented in the state parliament since 1986, became the second biggest political party in the
Landtag and in 2020 the biggest party in the Munich City Council. From the historical point of view,
379:
seats) are elected for a period of five years by universal suffrage. The
Landtag may dissolve itself with a majority vote of its legal number of members or be dissolved by means of a state-wide referendum.
606:
to elect its members of the
Landtag. Party representation is not apportioned statewide, the distribution of seats takes place separately within the seven administrative districts (
836:
that is different from what the party submitted, which can result in the defeat of candidates that would have been elected (and vice versa) had the election taken place under a
921:
The state election was held on 21 September 2003. The CSU won more than two-thirds of the seats in the
Landtag. No party in post-war German history had achieved this before.
968:
950:
932:
1339:
1349:
1263:
1372:
1334:
344:
was enacted on 8 December 1946. It is the fourth constitutional document in
Bavarian history after the Constitution of 1808, the Constitution of the
815:
voting, the constituency ballots in each district omit the candidates running in that district. Members in single-member districts are elected by
1200:
1076:
1061:
1046:
1031:
1016:
1001:
986:
1106:
1091:
855:
The elections since 1978 have always taken place between mid-September and mid-October. The next election is expected to take place in 2028.
262:
326:. This has led to a spirited citizens’ participation in communal and municipal affairs – 835 referendums took place from 1995 through 2005.
115:
391:, whose members were chosen by social and economic groups in Bavaria, but following a referendum in 1998, this institution was abolished.
1256:
603:
80:
235:
1249:
1234:
895:
The state election was held on 15 September 2013. The CSU won an absolute majority of the seats in the
Landtag, while the
17:
1319:
1314:
291:
448:
287:
255:
1324:
1126:
899:, a coalition party in the outgoing Bavarian government, did not receive enough votes to enter the new parliament.
1289:
896:
335:
1344:
221:
422:
307:
states until the rather rural areas of Swabia and
Franconia were added in 1814/15 at the Congress of Vienna.
886:
The state election was held on 14 October 2018. The CSU lost its majority with a worse result than in 2008.
1398:
1112:
1097:
1082:
1067:
1052:
1037:
1022:
1007:
992:
974:
956:
938:
916:
903:
890:
881:
864:
849:
811:
764:
616:
398:, a building rich in tradition built on the banks of River Isar by King Maximilian II in the 19th century.
248:
186:
181:
176:
787:
816:
1309:
820:
433:
421:
The Bavarian State Government is the supreme executive authority of the state. It consists of the
1299:
341:
62:
874:
295:
870:
92:
283:
1329:
1223:
1188:
1177:
1166:
1155:
1144:
8:
1377:
1272:
908:
The state election was held on 28 September 2008. The CSU had its worst result since the
216:
415:
139:
1367:
368:
345:
110:
1241:
356:
1304:
1281:
824:
406:
388:
279:
714:
688:
662:
311:
701:
675:
594:
598:
Constituencies and single member districts for the Bavarian state election, 2018
151:
85:
304:
1392:
978:
960:
942:
803:
799:
780:
776:
649:
636:
395:
376:
372:
791:
768:
146:
912:
era, and lost its majority in the Landtag for the first time in 46 years.
43:
837:
119:
1359:
823:, after in 1992 the Bavarian Constitutional Court ruled the use of the
371:, or state parliament. The 180 members of the Landtag (plus additional
365:
315:
832:
300:
909:
323:
275:
869:
The state election was held on 8 October 2023. The CSU formed a
517:
Ministry for Economic Affairs, Regional Development and Energy (
521:
Staatsministerium für Wirtschaft, Landesentwicklung und Energie
619:
seats and single member districts are distributed as follows:
543:
Staatsministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten
294:(SPD) until recently the second biggest party. In 2018 the
318:. This was initiated bottom-up by an association called
1271:
455:
Staatsministerium des Innern, für Sport und Integration
27:
Overview of the politics of the German state of Bavaria
1228:
554:Staatsministerium für Familie, Arbeit und Soziales
532:Staatsministerium für Umwelt und Verbraucherschutz
528:Ministry for Environment and Consumer Protection (
462:Ministry for Housing, Construction and Transport (
1390:
550:Ministry for Family, Labour and Social Affairs (
401:
351:
348:in 1818 and the Bamberg Constitution of 1919.
1257:
539:Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Forestry (
510:Staatsministerium der Finanzen und für Heimat
466:Staatsministerium für Wohnen, Bau und Verkehr
360:Maximilianeum, seat of the Landtag of Bavaria
256:
1201:"Gesetz zur Änderung des Landeswahlgesetzes"
607:
574:
563:
552:
541:
530:
519:
508:
499:Staatsministerium für Wissenschaft und Kunst
497:
486:
475:
464:
453:
438:
1224:Artikel 16 (1) Satz 3 Bayerische Verfassung
565:Staatsministerium für Gesundheit und Pflege
310:In 1995 the Bavarians decided to introduce
303:was one of the most liberal, predominantly
1264:
1250:
977:, Black is CSU, Red is SPD, Light blue is
959:, Black is CSU, Red is SPD, Light blue is
941:, Black is CSU, Red is SPD, Light blue is
584:
506:Ministry of Finance and for Home Affairs (
263:
249:
429:The State Government is composed of the:
786:
763:
604:mixed-member proportional representation
593:
488:Staatsministerium für Bildung und Kultus
405:
355:
14:
1391:
416:Bavaria Cabinet since 12 November 2018
383:Until December 1999, there was also a
1245:
924:
1189:Artikel 14 (1) Bayerische Verfassung
1145:Artikel 13 (1) Bayerische Verfassung
484:Ministry for Education and Culture (
758:Without overhang and leveling seats
589:
24:
292:Social Democratic Party of Germany
25:
1410:
1206:. Bayerischer Landtag. 2017-03-31
858:
288:Christian Social Union in Bavaria
1167:Artikel 43 Bayerische Verfassung
1156:Artikel 18 Bayerische Verfassung
1127:Monarchism in Bavaria after 1918
1105:
1090:
1075:
1060:
1045:
1030:
1015:
1000:
985:
967:
949:
931:
843:
42:
576:Staatsministerium für Digitales
336:Constitutional Court of Bavaria
329:
1217:
1193:
1182:
1171:
1160:
1149:
1138:
752:
572:Ministry for Digital Affairs (
561:Ministry for Health and Care (
495:Ministry for Science and Art (
13:
1:
1132:
451:, for Sport and Integration (
423:Minister-President of Bavaria
402:The Bavarian State Government
352:The Bavarian State Parliament
1178:List of the state ministries
1113:2023 Bavarian state election
1098:2018 Bavarian state election
1083:2013 Bavarian state election
1068:2008 Bavarian state election
1053:2003 Bavarian state election
1038:1998 Bavarian state election
1023:1994 Bavarian state election
1008:1990 Bavarian state election
993:1986 Bavarian state election
975:1958 Bavarian state election
957:1954 Bavarian state election
939:1950 Bavarian state election
917:2003 Bavarian state election
904:2008 Bavarian state election
891:2013 Bavarian state election
882:2018 Bavarian state election
865:2023 Bavarian state election
850:2028 Bavarian state election
477:Staatsministerium der Justiz
147:Landkreise/kreisfreie cities
7:
1120:
1115:, Black is CSU, AfD is Blue
1100:, Black is CSU, Red is SPD,
1085:, Black is CSU, Red is SPD,
1070:, Black is CSU, Red is SPD,
1055:, Black is CSU, Red is SPD,
1040:, Black is CSU, Red is SPD,
1025:, Black is CSU, Red is SPD,
1010:, Black is CSU, Red is SPD,
995:, Black is CSU, Red is SPD,
394:The Landtag resides in the
10:
1415:
914:
901:
888:
879:
862:
847:
410:Bavarian State Chancellery
333:
282:, has a multiparty system
152:Gemeinden (municipalities)
1358:
1280:
631:Single member districts
314:on the local level in a
1235:n-tv:Fiasko für die CSU
794:for the second vote in
585:Bavaria state elections
342:Constitution of Bavaria
222:European Union politics
1320:North Rhine-Westphalia
1315:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
875:Free Voters of Bavaria
807:
784:
771:for the first vote in
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296:Alliance 90/The Greens
140:Administrative regions
790:
767:
597:
473:Ministry of Justice (
409:
359:
1325:Rhineland-Palatinate
821:Hare-Niemeyer method
1399:Politics of Bavaria
1273:Politics of Germany
817:first-past-the-post
812:1950 state election
617:2018 state election
217:Politics of Germany
212:Politics of Bavaria
142:(Regierungsbezirke)
35:Politics of Bavaria
18:Bavarian government
1345:Schleswig-Holstein
925:State Politics Map
808:
785:
600:
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346:Kingdom of Bavaria
81:Minister-President
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1290:Baden-Württemberg
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609:Regierungsbezirke
434:State Chancellery
280:states of Germany
273:
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169:Recent elections
16:(Redirected from
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663:Upper Palatinate
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590:Electoral system
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676:Upper Franconia
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902:Main article:
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880:Main article:
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859:Past elections
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825:D'Hondt method
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364:Bavaria has a
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305:Roman Catholic
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1340:Saxony-Anhalt
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979:Bavaria Party
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844:Next election
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800:Milbertshofen
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635:
634:
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625:Constituency
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301:older Bavaria
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1310:Lower Saxony
1294:
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1208:. Retrieved
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1140:
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868:
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806:constituency
796:district 104
795:
792:Ballot paper
783:constituency
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772:
769:Ballot paper
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86:Markus Söder
63:Constitution
57:Constitution
34:
1360:City-states
1300:Brandenburg
838:closed-list
120:Ilse Aigner
105:Legislature
1210:2020-02-24
1133:References
871:government
810:Since the
615:Since the
366:unicameral
334:See also:
316:referendum
1350:Thuringia
873:with the
833:open-list
802:) of the
779:) of the
284:dominated
164:Elections
134:Divisions
116:President
75:Executive
1393:Category
1330:Saarland
1121:See also
910:Adenauer
840:system.
798:(Munich
775:(Munich
449:Interior
377:leveling
373:overhang
1378:Hamburg
1295:Bavaria
369:Landtag
324:Germany
286:by the
276:Bavaria
111:Landtag
93:Cabinet
1373:Bremen
1368:Berlin
1335:Saxony
1282:States
715:Swabia
628:Seats
389:Senate
1305:Hesse
1204:(PDF)
729:Total
387:, or
385:Senat
375:and
340:The
188:2023
182:2018
177:2013
897:FDP
736:180
722:13
719:26
709:10
706:19
696:12
693:24
680:16
667:16
654:18
644:31
641:61
1395::
877:.
743:91
683:8
670:8
657:9
118::
1265:e
1258:t
1251:v
1213:.
580:)
569:)
558:)
547:)
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436:(
264:e
257:t
250:v
20:)
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