1299:. Simultaneously a mixed force of police and military had regrouped at Zemo Nikosi and were launching another assault into Tskhinvali. The effort was supported by the 2nd Infantry Brigade which was held in reserve. While the main offensive failed due to counterattacks and air raids which took out communication, the Georgian special forces proceeded in systematically decimating the trapped Russian convoy. They were subsequently supported by some of the infantry and police elements moving into the area. The Russian side speculates that the general's capture was a primary goal of the Georgians however they have made no such claim. The Georgian attack was opportunistic. General Khrulyov was already carried from the battlefield when he got wounded in his vehicle by the earlier shelling. Two Russian journalists that accompanied the unit and witnessed the spectacle were wounded in the ensuing firefight and evacuated as well. A Russian major named
1551:, self-propelled artillery, mortars and howitzers against South Ossetian targets during the initial phase of the conflict. The South Ossetian parliament and several schools and nurseries were used as military posts by South Ossetian troops and volunteer militias and targeted by Georgian artillery fire. Georgia stated that its strikes only intended to "neutralize firing positions from where Georgian positions were being targeted". HRW documented witness accounts of the usage of civilian objects by South Ossetian fighters. Such usage made civilian objects permissible military aims, and HRW concluded that South Ossetian fighters put non-combatant population at risk by setting up military positions near or in civilian structures. Georgia was responsible for the indiscriminate use of force by using inaccurate weapons to target military targets in civilian areas. HRW noted that many civilians had left Tskhinvali before 7 August 2008.
707:, told the Georgian parliamentary commission in October 2008 that Saakashvili told him on the secure line at 23:35 on 7 August that "developments went beyond all the limits" and issued orders to stop the ongoing invasion by Russian military hardware, to neutralise Ossetian artillery positions and to defend the civilians. Gogava, explaining the rationale for moving into Tskhinvali, said that "initially such a move was not envisaged", and the first reason for taking the city was to secure Georgian outposts under Ossetian artillery attack and the army had "to move fire line forward" inside Tskhinvali; the second motive was that the residents of the villages north to Tskhinvali could not be rescued via the by-pass road.
1368:, Georgian forces were finally expelled from South Ossetia by the end of 11 August. The high toll within the Georgian 4th Mechanised Infantry Brigade during the withdrawal was due to Russian air raid. In the region of the village of Zemo-Nikozi, Georgian servicemen initially managed to ward off the Russian advance. However, the Russians then succeeded in defeating the Georgians. An hour-long engagement took place in the village of Shindisi on 11 August between the Georgian convoy of the 2nd Light Infantry Brigade and the Russian forces near the railway station. The Russians had to use tanks and reinforcements against the Georgians. 17 Georgian soldiers killed during the fight.
806:
1347:... "on this very day the accumulation of Russian forces in the region finally bore fruit, and the fighting in South Ossetia reached a turning point. Toward the evening of August 10, Tskhinvali was completely cleared of Georgian forces, which retreated to the south of the city. Georgian forces were also repelled from the key Prisi heights. The bulk of Georgia’s artillery was defeated. Meanwhile, Ossetian forces, with the support of Russian divisions, took Tamarasheni, Kekhvi, Kurta, and Achabeti on the approach to Tskhinvali from the north. Georgian forces in several of Georgian enclaves were eliminated."
39:
958:
839:
1325:
1317:
1387:
966:
783:
the deaths of the
Russian peacekeepers". However, due to the resistance offered by the Georgian military and artillery, the Russian forces did not manage to enter Tskhinvali in 6 hours as planned, which compelled the Russian leadership to alter their plans and finally the Russian military managed with the help of additional reinforcements deployed on 9 August, to enter Tskihnvali "only in early morning of August 10". On 9 August 2008, Putin ordered the Russian forces deployed to Tskhinvali to capture
396:
306:
268:
259:
1355:"The Georgian troops maintained the tactical initiative on the outskirts of Tskhinvali throughout August 9 and even during August 10. What thwarted the Georgian operation in the end was not the Russian Air Force, but the resistance offered by peacekeepers and lightly armed, poorly organized South Ossetian units that stayed behind to defend the capital. Essentially, the Georgian troops failed to take Tskhinvali because they were not prepared psychologically for severe urban fighting."
986:
847:
1217:
136:
324:
285:
200:
189:
178:
167:
156:
113:
974:
814:
371:
295:
250:
239:
228:
212:
125:
935:, the Georgian tanks began firing at 6:30 and a Russian peacekeeper along with a South Ossetian spectator present on the roof were killed. The tanks then fired on the three Russian BMP-1 vehicles stationed in front of the base, killing five of their crew, who were soldiers of the 135th Motorized Infantry Regiment. During the engagement, one of the Georgian tanks, which was damaged by an
769:. In addition to the building of Russian military bases in South Ossetia, South Ossetian separatists were provided with weaponry and instructors. According to Baluyevsky, the Russian military had chosen South Ossetia as the site for the armed conflict by the summer 2008 and the date of hostilities "was defined from July to September" mostly to coincide with the
747:, the Georgian troops included the 2nd, 3rd and 4th Infantry Brigades, the Artillery Brigade, part of the 1st Infantry Brigade and the standalone Gori Tank Battalion. Additionally, special forces and Ministry of Internal Affairs servicemen were deployed. The total number of troops participating in the war was 16,000 according to the magazine. According to the
606:. Georgian ground troops entered the city on early 8 August 2008. After the three-day fierce fighting with South Ossetian militia and Russian troops, Georgian troops finally withdrew from the city on the evening of 10 August. By 11 August, all Georgian troops had left South Ossetia and Russian forces advanced into undisputed Georgia facing no resistance.
1450:, reported from Java on 12 August 2008 that she witnessed a huge number of Russian military hardware being moved into South Ossetia and deployed to Georgia, adding that her colleague had never witnessed such concentration of military hardware during the Chechen wars. Lokshina said that almost all male population of South Ossetia were members of militia.
1190:
Georgian T-72 tank and its crew at around 2:00 PM, and soon two
Georgian T-72 tanks were destroyed by the South Ossetian militants. Russian air attack on the Georgian positions in the westernmost part of Tskhinvali killed more than 20 Georgian troops, causing the Georgian battalion to abandon its positions, dead comrades and most weaponry.
1540:
Georgians from
Tskhinvali by armored attack failed. Latynina also asked what the Russian bomber jet was doing above Tskhinvali that was shot down by the Ossetians. She answered her own question that the Russian bomber was attacking Tskhinvali because the Russian TV had already accused Georgia of destroying Tskhinvali on 7 August 2008.
637:
fatalities became six and the total wounded were now fifteen, among them several civilians; the
Georgian casualties were six wounded civilians and one wounded policeman. According to the OSCE mission, the incident was the worst outbreak of violence since 2004. On 2–3 and again on 3–4 August, firing recommenced during the night.
1127:, Georgian official said that by that time Russian peacekeepers had not participated in the conflict. Georgian warplanes and helicopters, which flew a few raids mostly during the morning of 8 August, did not impact the course of the fighting. In December 2008, former Secretary of the South Ossetian Security Council
1585:
suggested that this column had started moving towards
Tskhinvali a lot earlier than the official Russian order for attacking Georgia was issued and noted that no photo of the bombed humanitarian convoy existed. Latynina also questioned the Russian claim that the Georgians had indiscriminately shelled
1406:
Russian authorities claimed by August 9 that the civilian casualties in
Tskhinvali amounted up to 2,000. Russia accused Georgia of committing "genocide". This assertion was untrue. Although Russia initially used alleged genocide of Ossetians as justification for its military action, later Russian and
1332:
In the afternoon of 9 August, a
Georgian effort to push deeper into Tskhinvali was repulsed with Georgian losses and they withdrew. According to the Georgian Defence Minister, the Georgian military had tried to push into Tskhinvali three times by 9 August. During the last attempt they were met with a
1278:
At around 4:00 AM on 9 August, a
Russian unit managed to arrive at the southern base of the peacekeepers and started to defend it against Georgians until late afternoon. Several battalions of Russian troops brought into the battle were making slow progress through the narrow Roki Tunnel and along the
1027:
by 06:30. By 07:00, the
Russian troops were near the Gupta bridge, when they were suddenly attacked by Georgian warplanes. Georgian warplanes were unsuccessful in destroying the bridge, which was necessary for the Russian army deployment to Tskhinvali. According to CAST, Georgian warplanes never flew
883:
Georgian sources state that the
Georgian artillery hit the Russian troops on the road from the Roki Tunnel at 01:00. Separatist administrative buildings in Tskhinvali came under Georgian fire at 2:00 AM. Georgian troops started closing in on Tskhinvali following several hours of bombardment. Ossetian
829:
Major-general Marat Kulakhmetov, the Commander of Joint Peacekeeping Forces, received in addition to an information on the start of the Georgian military operation in South Ossetia, the request from Mamuka Kurashvili (the commander of the Georgian peacekeepers) not to obstruct the operation. Although
943:
According to the Russian side, Georgian troops had seized the Southern Base of the Russian peacekeepers by 11:00 AM. According to Russian government, it suffered its first casualties at around 12:00 when two servicemen were killed and five injured following an attempt by the Georgian troops to storm
1359:
A ceasefire was unilaterally announced on 10 August by Georgian authorities, who stated an aim to pull Georgian troops out of South Ossetia. However, Russia did not embrace this truce offer. Most Georgian troops had left South Ossetia by the night of 10-11 August. Georgian forces started retreating
1189:
Most of Tskhinvali and several villages had been secured by Georgian troops by the afternoon; but the Georgians had been unable to take the northern and some central parts of the city. The military opposition to Georgian advance was increasing. South Ossetian General Anatoly Barankevich destroyed a
1006:
into South Ossetia by 14:30 on August 8; however, due to fierce confrontation from Georgian troops, the Russian battalion managed to arrive in Tskhinvali the following evening. Georgia instead asserted that first Georgian encounter with the Russian troops took place at the tunnel before the dawn of
636:
detonated on the road near Tskhinvali near a Georgian police vehicle, wounding five police officers. In response, Georgian snipers fired on South Ossetian positions, killing four Ossetians and wounding seven. Grenades and mortar fire were exchanged during the night of 1/2 August. The total Ossetian
1539:
noted that when the Georgian forces entered Tskhinvali on 8 August 2008, nothing was destroyed in Tskhinvali; Tskhinvali was ruined after the city was taken by the Russian army in 3 days. She asked who bombed Tskhinvali when it was controlled by the Georgians and noted that 2 attempts to repel the
1488:
described the days spent during the war in Tskhinvali on 14 August 2008. He stated that after Georgian tanks entered Tskhinvali on 8 August, Russian jets began bombing the Georgian positions. Russian journalists reported to have witnessed Eduard Kokoity's return from Java to Tskhinvali on 9 August
939:
rocket, became trapped in an irrigation ditch near the complex and was abandoned by its crew. The remaining two tanks continued shelling the base from a remote distance and were joined by Georgian artillery and mortars. The centre of the town was reached by 1,500 Georgian infantrymen by 10:00. The
782:
observed, neither Putin nor Medvedev issued the order in August 2008 to start military operations against Georgia, but it was Major General M. Kulakhmetov, the commander of the Joint Peacekeeping Forces, who did so at about 23:50 on August 7 and the Russian operation began "at least 6 hours before
1457:
on 12 August 2008, the hospital handled 273 injured (predominantly military) from 6 to 12 August, and received forty-four bodies (the majority of Ossetians killed in Tskhinvali). One doctor told Human Rights Watch that the artillery attack forced the relocation of all the wounded to the basement.
1303:
took command over the remaining forces and created a defense perimeter. Vetchinov is credited with killing a Georgian soldier or special police officer with a captured machine gun while being wounded in both legs. Later, he was hit in the head while providing suppressive fire and died en route to
862:
Artillery fire against aims in Khetagurovo was opened by the 4th Brigade at 00:40 and soon afterwards the village of Muguti was captured by the two Georgian light infantry battalions. The village of Khetagurovo was then captured by the two battalions after a battle with an inferior South Ossetian
754:
According to the materials that were made available to Independent International Fact-Finding Mission by South Ossetian authorities, South Ossetian light rifle battalions, artillery units and Soviet-era armoured vehicles took part in the conflict. The total strength of separatist military and law
1513:
Russian journalist Dmitry Belyakov wrote on 21 August 2008 that some politicians were exaggerating the scale of the damage to Tskhinvali. He wrote that all administrative buildings, the police department, the mayor's office, the parliament were burned down after the battle. He witnessed that the
1416:
reporter wrote on 13 August that rumors of total destruction of Tskhinvali were overstatements and some Tskhinvali areas were undamaged at all. He had witnessed a massive Russian convoy near the town of Java, which was a "testament to the might of the resurgent Russian state," and several rocket
1122:
airplanes are based, as well as the radar station 40 kilometres from Tbilisi". The officer was asked why Russian warplanes invaded Georgian airspace well before Russian government announced the involvement in the conflict. He responded, "According to order from our command." Georgian authorities
1148:
took early losses (three Su-25s) to Georgian anti-aircraft fire, and was forced to stop making sorties for two days. Citing eyewitness reports, CAST writes that "... there were no Russian aircraft over Tskhinvali on August 8 or the following day — that is. during the most critical period of the
825:
into South Ossetia at 23:35 on 7 August. This was followed by a 15-minute intermission, which purportedly enabled the civilians to escape, before the Georgian forces began bombarding hostile positions. Georgian military intentionally targeted South Ossetian military objects, not civilian ones.
888:
and Georgian artillery were unsuccessful. Ossetian peacekeeping battalion began to participate in the conflict. Georgian forces engaged South Ossetian fighters near the town at 04:00 on 8 August, with Georgian tanks remotely shelling South Ossetian positions. An attempt to take the village of
1065:
and Russia's options regarding the conflict had been discussed. Russia accused Georgia of "aggression" against South Ossetia." Russia has stated it was defending both peacekeepers and South Ossetian civilians who were Russian citizens. While Russia claimed that it had to conduct peacekeeping
1022:
at about 01:00. According to CAST, the Russian Army began to arrive in South Ossetia at 2:00 AM on 8 August, when battalions from the 693rd and 135th Motorized Rifle Regiments began arriving through the Roki Tunnel. Individual groups began securing positions on the road towards Tskhinvali so
893:
from the west of South Ossetia by the Georgian special forces was thwarted by a platoon of South Ossetian troops occupying secure positions, wounding several Georgian soldiers. The Georgian 3rd Brigade entered the Eredvi area on the eastern flank to Tskhinvali at 06:00 and captured strategic
1599:
Yuri Snegirev was observing the Georgian artillery fire from the roof of the Tskhinvali hotel on the night of 8 August 2008 and then slept in his room, which would have been impossible if the Georgians had indiscriminately attacked the civilian areas in Tskhinvali on 8 August. Latynina also
1465:
reported on 13 August 2008 that all armed volunteers were granted passage into South Ossetia without questioning by Russian border guards on 10 August 2008. Babchenko suggested that there were rumors in Tskhinvali that the Russian authorities were lowering the number of the killed Russian
1128:
751:, ten light infantry battalions of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th infantry brigades, special forces and an artillery brigade, totalling approximately 12,000 troops, had been deployed in the war. According to the EU fact-finding mission, 10,000–11,000 Georgian soldiers took part in the war.
1169:. Russian air force could not assist Russian ground forces by destroying the Georgian air defence partly due to lack of training in this role. The Georgian warplanes still posed a threat for the Russians by 11 August due to Russia not achieving air superiority, according to the
726:(CAST), the Georgian objective was "a rapid destruction of the Ossetian armed forces and a lightning capture of the republic's capital city of Tskhinvali — well before the Russian army could have a chance to intervene" and to establish a pro-Georgian regime in Tskhinvali with
714:
to accumulate weaponry in preparation for the future occupation of Georgia and ordered separatists in Tskhinvali to open fire to divert Georgians' attention, but Georgian president dared to attack the invading Russian troops and take Tskhinvali, thus subverting the Russian
1050:. The first column of Russian tanks came close to Tskhinvali at 18:44 and began firing on the Georgian troops in the city and nearby heights, while the second column commenced fire on Georgian troops near the Georgian-controlled Dmenisi (7 kilometers north of Tskhinvali).
944:
the northern peacekeeping base in Tskhinvali. Georgia has stated that it only targeted Russian peacekeepers in self-defence, after coming under fire from them. In total, 10 Russian peacekeeping force soldiers were killed during the war according to the Russian government.
918:
entered into southern suburbs of Tskhinvali around 06:00 AM. Artillery and tanks aided the Georgian advance. Georgian troops traded fire with Russian peacekeepers near the Southern complex of the Russian peacekeepers at the entrance of the city. The Russians placed three
1580:
Algis Mikulskis later reported that he was moving from Tskhinvali to Java during the night of 8 August and he encountered column of Russian armored vehicles near Java at around 3-4 hours in the morning and the column was bombed by Georgian planes. Russian journalist
1374:
Russian President Medvedev said on 12 August 2008 that he had authorized a cessation of military action in Georgia because "the aggressor has been punished". Medvedev gave an order to Russian forces to fire on "hotbeds of resistance" and other "aggressive actions".
1204:. Mamsurov was followed by about one thousand volunteers, and one of the columns had been bombed by the Georgian aviation on the bridge near Java. Java had been transformed into quite-well equipped fortification in the previous months. One Georgian diplomat told
1407:
South Ossetian officials could not validate this assertion and barely mentioned it. In December 2008, the figures were revised down to a total of 162 South Ossetian casualties by the Investigative Committee of the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation.
652:. Freelance photographer Said Tsarnayev came to Tskhinvali on 7 August 2008 and intended to take photos of the nature. 48 Russian journalists had already been present for several days at Tsarnayev's hotel as "if they knew that something was going to happen."
875:
were promptly taken by Georgian Interior Ministry special commandos. The purpose of the Georgian army was to advance to the north after capturing key positions around Tskhinvali. The Georgian troops would secure the Gupta bridge and the road to the
1232:, the column had begun moving towards South Ossetia at the same time as President Medvedev was giving a televised speech. According to the official version, they were "aid for peacekeeping forces, who have suffered serious losses". According to
1160:
of the Russian General Staff on August 9. The fate of their pilots was unknown back then. Reuters reported that one Russian pilot was probably taken prisoner. South Ossetia claimed that two Georgian aircraft were shot down by Ossetian soldiers.
1600:
questioned the Russian claim that the Georgians had deliberately attacked the Russian peacekeepers and quoted South Ossetian official Inal Pliev as recalling that Georgian tanks passed by the Russian peacekeeping base where Pliev was hiding.
1247:
and replaced the 4th Brigade on the left side. Georgian troops and civilian population began leaving the Georgian villages in the north by 18:00. Georgian forces abandoned Tskhinvali by 22:00 and Russian troops took Khetagurovo. According to
1505:
reported on 19 August 2008 that 2 military towns had already been built near Java and Tskhinvali; however, the military town near Tskhinvali had suffered damage during the war as it was one of the main targets of the Georgian artillery and
1149:
conflict. In effect, the Russian military command was forced to bring motor-rifle units into battle from the march, without first gaining superiority in numbers and firepower." Russian aviation only recommenced flights on 10 August.
1164:
The Russian Air Force conducted around 200 missions during the war; however, the Russian aircraft had to perform missions in the daylight since the aircraft did not possess the technical means to operate during the night unlike the
1466:
peacekeepers and the actual Russian losses could be up to 200 peacekeepers. He witnessed dogs eating the dead Georgian soldiers in Tskhinvali. He stated that the killed civilians definitely did not number in the thousands.
1066:
operations according to the international mandates, in reality such accords had only arranged the ceasefire observer status; according to political scientist Roy Allison, Russia could evacuate its peacekeepers if attacked.
1431:
Several journalists were reported on 11 August 2008 to be among the casualties, including the two, who were embedded with the ambushed Russian armoured column, in which General Khrulyov was wounded. Russian journalist
1433:
1481:
997:
that his unit was sent to Tskhinvali on 7 August. Sidristy said that he saw the Georgian midnight assault of Tskhinvali. According to a senior Russian official, General Nikolai Uvarov, the first Russian battle unit
3377:
777:
had to authorize the use of force against Georgia as soon as Georgian artillery would attack South Ossetian militants and Russian military then would arrive in Tskhinvali in 6 hours. However, as researcher
1390:
Map of destruction in the city and suburbs, compiled by a UNOSAT satellite imagery survey; The map shows the territories controlled by Ossetia and Georgia, as well as the posts and the base of the JPKF
902:
that Georgian government did not wish "to assault Tskhinvali, but to neutralise separatist positions," and that Georgian troops had taken control of eight South Ossetian villages. South Ossetian leader
1308:
posthumously. The trapped Russian units avoided complete destruction by splitting into smaller platoons and scattering, however reportedly 25 out of 30 vehicles of that vanguard force were destroyed.
911:
that the Georgian assault of Tskhinvali was a "perfidious and vile" action. By the morning, the South Ossetian authorities had reported that the Georgian shelling had killed at least 15 civilians.
1563:
710:
According to opposition-minded Russian pundits, Georgian president Saakashvili did not intend to initiate hostilities in August 2008. It was Russia that began deployment of the 58th Army in the
3507:
1208:
on the same day that by taking control of Tskhinvali, Tbilisi wanted to demonstrate that Georgia wouldn't tolerate the killing of Georgian citizens and capturing Java was not their intention.
1379:
reported that a Russian Army Colonel said there were orders not to advance into Georgia and claimed: "We are staying here." After the ceasefire agreement was negotiated by French president
3179:
1371:
South Ossetian government representative claimed on 11 August that Georgian troops opened the irrigation canal to flood basements in Tskhinvali and prevent civilians from seeking shelter.
688:
published a report by journalist who was in Tskhinvali on the night of 7 August. The report states, "There are 1700 peacekeepers here." According to Russian Defence Ministry official, the
1496:
agency stated on 15 August 2008 that 38 dead fighters of the Vostok Battalion were sent to Chechnya on 11 August and 35-40 dead fighters of the Zapad Battalion were buried in Chechnya.
2200:
1267:
Official military casualties, as reported on 8 August, were claimed to be 30 Georgians and 21 Russian soldiers killed. One South Ossetian resident had told the Russian newspaper
1336:
By the evening of 9 August, the Georgian interior ministry claimed that Tskhinvali was fully taken by the Georgian troops and that the Georgian troops would march towards Java.
1046:
According to one early Georgian official account published on 9 August 2008, the Russian units first crossed the tunnel at 5:30 on 8 August. They advanced to Tskhinvali through
830:
Georgian military had pledged safety to the Russian peacekeepers for their neutrality, the Russian peacekeepers had to follow the Russian command to attack the Georgian troops.
1520:
South Ossetian president Eduard Kokoity said in an interview in December 2008 that as soon as Tskhinvali was attacked on 8 August 2008, he established a contact with the
1295:
moved into Tskhinvali from the Roki Tunnel and got shelled by artillery and tanks near the entrance of the town. When pushing further they were encircled and ambushed by
703:
became aware that more than 100 Russian military transport had already entered the Roki tunnel at about 23:00 on 7 August. Chief of Staff of the Georgian Armed Forces,
1532:
convoy arrived in Java at 8:00 in the morning of 8 August 2008. Kokoity also сlaimed that the Georgian forces did not manage to remove any Ossetian flag in the city.
3381:
2760:
894:
positions; however, they were quickly confronted by a company-sized South Ossetian unit positioned at the Prisi Heights. Georgian State Minister for Reintegration
469:
2833:"Letter dated 11 August 2008 from the Permanent Representative of the Russian Federation to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council"
1510:. Head of the South Ossetian information committee Irina Gagloeva said that the South Ossetian public opinion was now ready to accept the Russian military bases.
2907:
1616:
2044:
4221:
1177:
strongly criticised the performance of the Russian Air Force, saying that the Russian ground forces and air force did not coordinate their actions, and that
533:
1035:
in the morning of 8 August. One Russian journalist had witnessed the launch of missiles from the Russian territory on 8 August 2008. Russian researcher
4109:
3123:
2113:
1141:
1011:
932:
744:
723:
2832:
1517:
In late August 2008, Georgian president Mikheil Saakashvili accused the Russian forces of being responsible for 80% of the destruction of Tskhinvali.
3511:
3457:
3148:
2697:
1499:
Pro-Russian president of South Ossetia Eduard Kokoity announced that he would appeal to Russia to establish Russian military base in South Ossetia.
1194:
1383:
on 12 August, 15:00 on 12 August was set as a deadline for the cessation of military action; however, Russian forces didn't stop pushing forward.
3171:
2727:
1945:
1343:, Georgian troops had pushed the opposition to the northern part of the town by the morning of 10 August. However, Moscow Defense Brief writes:
3526:
505:
3754:
2338:
1243:
Georgian troops left the centre of the town in the evening. Georgians regrouped in southern Tskhinvali. The 2nd Infantry Brigade arrived from
1569:
On 8 August 2009, a monument dedicated to Alexey Ivanov, Russian soldier killed in the battle in August 2008, was inaugurated in Tskhinvali.
1401:
1170:
748:
545:
1279:
mountain roads. An intense fighting occurred on 9 August in the area of Tskhinvali. Several counterattacks were initiated by the Georgians.
4196:
3603:
3438:
1824:
1112:. The first target was Georgian air defence site. Later that day, the source in the Russian Ministry of Defense told the Russian newspaper
462:
4147:
2926:
1108:
aircraft were used in the war. The first Russian air attack was recorded at around 09:30 on 8 August, on the village of Shavshvebi in the
2204:
2864:
1123:
stated that they began using aviation only after three Russian Su-24 planes had flown into the Georgian airspace at 11:00. According to
1039:
stated in August 2009 that the Georgian forces used Grad multiple rocket launchers against the Russian units moving on the Zar, Ger and
3298:
1888:
1714:
1673:
3112:
1474:
1849:
1053:
According to Russia, the Security Council of South Ossetia appealed to Russia at around 11:00 on 8 August, requesting aid. By 15:00
1240:
for the past few weeks. At around 17:00 MSK, Russian tank columns surrounded Tskhinvali and began bombing the Georgian positions.
692:
permitted Russia to station 500 peacekeepers in the conflict zone with 300 additional peacekeepers being reserved for the crises.
2552:
455:
3266:
4008:
4136:
3849:
2677:
1477:, announced that Radio and TV stations would begin broadcasting in Tskhinvali on 14 August and newspapers would be published.
1428:, were almost completely controlling Tskhinvali on 8 August and had removed South Ossetian flag from the presidential palace.
730:
as its head. In anticipation of a Georgian operation, South Ossetia had deployed the bulk of its force to protect the town of
3972:
2356:
2219:
1867:
4080:
3626:
2728:"Dmitry Medvedev held an emergency meeting with permanent members of the Security Counsil on the situation in South Ossetia"
765:
admitted in 2012 that the plan for the war with Georgia had been created in advance before August 2008 with the blessing of
4062:
2525:
1780:
1623:
1018:
probably ordered the deployment of the Russian forces to South Ossetia during the phone conversation with defense minister
4044:
3701:
3086:
2393:
1118:, "the planes attacked only military targets: military base in Gori, airfields in Vaziani and Marneuli, where Su-25 and
4226:
3949:
3550:
2764:
1521:
978:
759:
3652:Ирина Куксенкова. "Пока еще ничего не закончилось". Наш специальный корреспондент Ирина Куксенкова передает из Цхинвали.
620:
4033:
3885:
3209:
2546:
4201:
2172:
1576:
claimed on 8 August 2008 that the Georgians had bombed a peaceful humanitarian convoy. Reporter for State TV channel
1339:
The number of Russian forces deployed in South Ossetia exceeded the number of Georgians by 9-10 August. According to
2623:
2566:
2465:
2067:
2023:
1031:
South Ossetian and Russian media reports emerged after the war that the Russian forces also shelled Tskhinvali from
1924:
1525:
1493:
1296:
1077:
679:
521:
3682:
3241:
2872:
3775:
3589:В Южной Осетии продолжаются бои: осетинская сторона контролирует Цхинвали, грузины прорываются к Зарской дороге
2586:
1694:
1305:
3465:
2606:
2120:
2008:
2746:
3144:
2701:
1558:
to Tskhinvali, saw the building of the Peacemakers in Tskhinvali, and the gate now bore the emblem of the
699:
became known to the Georgian government and numerous Georgian sources have stated that Georgian President
4186:
1264:
had pushed Georgian forces from parts of Tskhinvali and several Ossetian villages by the end of the day.
940:
Russian air force began raiding targets inside South Ossetia and Georgia proper after 10:00 on 8 August.
633:
516:
495:
4191:
1058:
560:
2731:
2663:Годовщина битвы за Южную Осетию. Агрессоры и жертвы. Дискутируют Александр Шаравин и Андрей Илларионов
1949:
3395:
1253:
695:
On 7 August 2008, foreign intelligence data indicating the deployment of the Russian forces near the
3533:
2342:
4206:
3817:Скандал. Количество жертв среди населения Цхинвали может быть преувеличено в несколько десятков раз
3760:
1926:Юрий ТАНАЕВ: "Грузинская сторона по моральному духу и боеготовности не готова к активным действиям"
1590:
1559:
1548:
3650:
2152:
644:
arrived in Tskhinvali to fight against Georgia, while mobilization of up to 2000 “volunteers” and
3442:
2911:
1437:
993:
After the war, Denis Sidristy, captain in the 135th Regiment, said in the interview published by
3573:
3492:
2814:
2089:
4211:
4105:
3632:
3611:
3119:
2930:
2119:. Central Asia-Caucasus Institute & Silk Road Studies Program Policy papers. Archived from
1040:
684:
3527:"International Law and the Post-2008 Status Quo in Georgia: Implications for Western Policies"
1152:
During the early stages of the battle, the loss of two Russian aircraft, a Sukhoi Su-25 and a
3532:. Central Asia-Caucasus Institute & Silk Road Studies Program. p. 38. Archived from
2889:
2508:
1853:
664:
3832:
1828:
1720:
1271:
that although there were rumours that "almost everyone" was evacuated from South Ossetia to
817:
Tskhinvali after the battle. The sign (in Russian) reads "Secondary school #6". August 2008.
3871:Саакашвили признал, что не ожидал такого размаха войны в ЮО, сильно нервничал, но не боялся
3237:
1892:
1679:
1249:
1174:
899:
805:
770:
739:
4098:
3127:
957:
871:
were taken by another battalion without meeting opposition, while the several villages of
743:, an English-language magazine published by the Russian non-governmental organisation the
8:
4216:
1642:Анатолий Бибилов: «Мы защищали родной город, родную республику, что в этом героического?»
1577:
1501:
1201:
1157:
1047:
1024:
731:
700:
160:
4128:
3686:
1544:
1485:
1454:
1447:
1421:
1288:
1237:
1166:
1119:
1073:
1069:
1019:
999:
895:
855:
603:
555:
550:
479:
171:
30:
3916:
3869:
2052:
1023:
additional Russian forces would enter the region unimpeded. Russian battalions passed
1002:) was deployed around dawn on 8 August after the Georgian attack and they entered the
3292:
3273:
2979:
2885:
1573:
1252:, battalions from the 135th, 503rd and 693rd Motorized Rifle Regiments belonging the
1197:
1145:
1036:
872:
838:
779:
581:
323:
284:
232:
220:
199:
193:
188:
182:
177:
166:
155:
117:
112:
38:
4014:
3799:
2683:
1514:
Ossetians were not paying attention to the Georgian corpses rotting in the hot sun.
1236:, the Russian armored hardware had been stationed near the South Ossetian border in
1137:
that Russian aviation bombed Tskhinvali during the battle with the Georgian forces.
3978:
3855:
3815:
3461:
2995:
2881:
2360:
2048:
1696:Войсками Южной Осетии командует бывший пермский военком генерал-майор Василий Лунев
1469:
The Government of South Ossetia resumed operation in Tskhinvali on 13 August 2008.
1462:
1417:
launchers, which "were a sign of Moscow's intent to hold Tskhinvali at all costs."
1376:
1333:
serious counterattack, which Georgian officers described as "something like hell."
1324:
1316:
1292:
1144:(CAST), Russia never gained dominance in air in the South Ossetian theatre, as the
727:
216:
3636:
3543:
2223:
2111:
1871:
4087:
2531:
2398:
1380:
1300:
1228:
passed the Roki Tunnel and Java and were on the road to Tskhinvali. According to
1181:
was responsible for downing of half of the Russian aircraft lost during the war.
1062:
1015:
965:
774:
762:
689:
243:
4124:
4069:
3082:
2908:"Russian Forces in the Georgian War: Preliminary Assessment and Recommendations"
2849:
2173:"The Russian Air Force didn't perform well during the conflict in South Ossetia"
1792:
1386:
1092:
Russian aircraft started flying missions in the early hours of 8 August and the
719:. Tbilisi was not taken due to the intervention of the international community.
4051:
3786:Нет больше батальона, — кричал, сидя на земле и стуча по ней кулаком, начштаба.
3707:
3324:
2137:
1993:
1582:
1536:
1443:
1153:
915:
904:
864:
766:
671:
667:
649:
3957:
3558:
4180:
4162:
4149:
2905:
1470:
1361:
1178:
1109:
1043:
roads, while Russia used Grads to shell the residential areas of Tskhinvali.
711:
641:
626:
599:
395:
305:
267:
258:
141:
3899:
2114:"Russia's War in Georgia: Causes and Implications for Georgia and the World"
1224:
At around 16:00 MSK, it became known that two heavy armoured columns of the
985:
931:
from the Independent Combined Tank Battalion soon arrived. According to the
846:
3436:
3201:
1412:
1216:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
924:
299:
496 from Russian battalion, 488 from North Ossetia serving as peacekeepers.
3992:
3011:
2794:
2469:
2176:
3421:
3027:
2661:
2644:
2629:
2572:
2029:
1555:
1425:
1272:
1261:
1054:
1003:
885:
877:
822:
704:
696:
656:
204:
3666:
3574:"'I've never heard anything so monstrous as people shelling a hospital'"
2289:
1930:
1791:(13). Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies. Archived from
3933:
3737:
3721:
3607:
3231:
1587:
1507:
1133:
1114:
1032:
868:
716:
595:
74:
3901:Эдуард Кокойты: Наживаться на горе народа Южной Осетии не дадим никому
2112:
Svante E. Cornell; Johanna Popjanevski; Niklas Nilsson (August 2008).
1554:
In August 2009, Russian journalist Yuriy Snegirev, traveling from the
3378:"The Documentary Movie "Shindisi Heroes" performed in the Parliament"
2592:
2349:
1700:
1424:
reported on 9 August that the Georgian forces, mainly comprised from
1257:
1225:
973:
675:
447:
3781:
2906:
James Jay Carafano; Ariel Cohen; Lajos F. Szaszdi (20 August 2008).
2778:
2175:. Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies. Archived from
1640:
3723:Правительство Южной Осетии начало работу по восстановлению Цхинвали
1868:"Russia increases death toll in S. Ossetia conflict to 67 soldiers"
1656:
1595:
1081:
908:
813:
755:
enforcement servicemen, including reservists, was less than 3,500.
660:
645:
2927:"The Russian-Georgian War: A Challenge for the U.S. and the World"
2865:"Russia resurgent? Moscow's campaign to 'coerce Georgia to peace'"
3950:"2.2 Indiscriminate Shelling of Tskhinvali and Outlying Villages"
3587:
923:
vehicles near the base after coming under fire from the Georgian
784:
722:
According to Russian analyst Konstantin Makienko, founder of the
3437:
Christopher Torchia; Misha Dzhindzhikhashvili (12 August 2008).
2780:Дмитрий Медведев: «Это грубейшее нарушение международного права»
1453:
According to a doctor at Tskhinvali hospital interviewed by the
4137:
Defeat of the staff column of the 58th Army. Event and analysis
3994:Памятник погибшему солдату 58-й армии установлен в Южной Осетии
2357:"Russian troops near S.Ossetia capital, 10 peacekeepers killed"
2203:. International Institute for Strategic Studies. Archived from
2198:
1244:
1211:
890:
370:
294:
249:
238:
227:
211:
129:
124:
1547:
issued the report which stated that Georgian forces used Grad
2421:
1943:
1529:
936:
920:
851:
4013:(in Russian). Echo of Moscow. 13 August 2011. Archived from
3233:«А майор, который спас мне жизнь, до госпиталя не доехал...»
2254:
2252:
1850:"BASIC FACTS: CONSEQUENCES OF RUSSIAN AGGRESSION IN GEORGIA"
1804:
1802:
3172:"Here's How NATO Can Open a Path to Membership for Georgia"
3041:
3039:
3037:
2942:
2940:
2796:Мы не допустим безнаказанной гибели наших соотечественников
2682:(in Russian). Novaya Gazeta. 14 August 2009. Archived from
2372:
2370:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2233:
1976:
1974:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1825:"List of Casualties among the Georgian Military Servicemen"
1749:
1747:
928:
734:
in the north, which had left Tskhinvali sparsely defended.
4034:"The Russian-Georgian War Of 2008: Causes And Implication"
3668:Представители Human Rights Watch добрались до города Джава
2009:"Scene At Russia-Georgia Border Hinted At Scripted Affair"
1734:
1732:
1730:
1072:, the main participant in the conflict, had fought in the
927:
vehicles. The Georgians called in tank support, and three
640:
It was reported on 5 August 2008 that 300 volunteers from
94:
Russian forces continue to advance into undisputed Georgia
3472:
3336:
3334:
3261:
3259:
2952:
2708:
2445:
2269:
2267:
2249:
1799:
1287:
On 9 August, a 30 vehicles strong convoy led by Russia's
625:
Tskhinvali is located about 25 km (16 mi) from
301:
Up to 10,000 troops arrived from Russia as reinforcements
3034:
2937:
2591:(in Russian). topbot.ru. 19 October 2008. Archived from
2433:
2367:
2290:"Chronology of Events in South Ossetia 7-11 August 2008"
2230:
1994:"В Цхинвали прибыли 300 добровольцев из Северной Осетии"
1971:
1899:
1852:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia. Archived from
1744:
1410:
Russian TV aired infrastructure damage in Tskhinvali. A
1311:
1275:, there seemed to be some civilians left in Tskhinvali.
3551:"2.7 The Issue of Civilian Casualties in South Ossetia"
2466:"NEW EVIDENCE EMERGES ON START OF GEORGIAN-RUSSIAN WAR"
1727:
884:
bombardment of the Georgian forces near the village of
3331:
3305:
3256:
3202:"Разгром штабной колонны 58-й армии. Событие и анализ"
3170:
Tsereteli, Edward P. Joseph and Mamuka (2 July 2014).
3051:
2488:
2411:
2409:
2318:
2316:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2264:
1961:
1959:
1436:
reported that she witnessed the corpses of the entire
880:, barring the Russian military from moving southward.
3956:. Human Rights Watch. 23 January 2009. Archived from
3557:. Human Rights Watch. 23 January 2009. Archived from
3380:. Parliament of Georgia. 23 July 2015. Archived from
2747:"Russian Federation: Legal Aspects of War in Georgia"
2387:
2385:
2341:. Agence France-Presse. 7 August 2008. Archived from
3493:"Georgia declares 'state of war' over South Ossetia"
3458:"Heavy damage in Tskhinvali, mostly at gov't center"
3013:Генштаб признал потерю двух самолетов в Южной Осетии
2568:"Мы били по Цхинвалу из "Градов", чтоб его взять..."
2199:
Alexander Nicoll; Sarah Johnstone (September 2008).
2042:
1922:
1719:(in Russian). URA.Ru. 11 August 2008. Archived from
1645:(in Russian). Information agency RES. 8 August 2009.
1193:
At about 15:00, Eduard Kokoity was meeting with the
952:
3524:
3402:
3358:
3346:
3093:
3063:
2476:
2406:
2313:
2296:
2170:
1956:
1889:"Russia lost 64 troops in Georgia war, 283 wounded"
914:According to Georgia, Ministry of Internal Affairs
863:troops and several Ossetian-controlled villages of
3974:Цхинвал год бомбили деньгами. Следов пока не видно
3904:(in Russian). Rossiyskaya Gazeta. 4 December 2008.
3830:
3797:
3739:В Цхинвали заработает радио, будут выходить газеты
3499:
2642:
2382:
1142:Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies
1087:
745:Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies
724:Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies
3767:
3505:
2506:
2217:
1944:Elizabeth Owen; Giorgi Lomsadze (8 August 2008).
598:, the capital of the self-proclaimed Republic of
4178:
3752:
3699:
3624:
3439:"Russia calls halt to 5-day invasion of Georgia"
2799:(in Russian). Rossiyskaya Gazeta. 9 August 2008.
2621:
2588:Мы били по Цхинвалу из Градов, чтоб его взять...
2339:"Heavy fighting as Georgia attacks rebel region"
2194:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2150:
2138:"Chief of Staff Testifies Before War Commission"
2065:
1827:. Ministry of Defence of Georgia. Archived from
1692:
1617:"Annex 91 Здесь били, лишь бы бить и уничтожать"
289:10,000–11,000 servicemen in entire South Ossetia
43:Movements of opposing forces around Tskhinvali.
3847:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2659:
2611:(in Russian). osgenocide.ru. 26 September 2008.
2544:
2000:
1716:Обороной Южной Осетии руководит выходец с Урала
1675:Генерал Баранкевич лично подбил грузинский танк
1220:Parliament of South Ossetia, after the fighting
3970:
3931:
3914:
3773:
2523:
2463:
2090:"Georgia Offers Fresh Evidence on War's Start"
2083:
2081:
2079:
2021:
2006:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1671:
1184:
585:
3683:"Russia/Georgia: Investigate Civilian Deaths"
3455:
2783:(in Russian). Russkaya Liniya. 8 August 2008.
2761:"Statement on the Situation in South Ossetia"
2698:"Press Statement by Georgia Security Council"
2183:
2153:"Евгений Жмуриков. Наши танки на чужой земле"
1946:"Georgia: All-Out War Looms in South Ossetia"
1622:(in Russian). 21 January 2009. Archived from
1402:Humanitarian impact of the Russo-Georgian War
1171:International Institute for Strategic Studies
1084:also arrived to participate in the fighting.
749:International Institute for Strategic Studies
463:
4222:Operations involving Georgian special forces
3886:""Russia will try this again in the future""
3596:
3508:"Medvedev, Putin accuse Georgia of genocide"
3490:
3325:"MIA: Java and Roki Tunnel are Next Targets"
2964:
2763:. The Kremlin. 8 August 2008. Archived from
2730:. The Kremlin. 8 August 2008. Archived from
2646:Фронтовой дневник. Война за кадром. Часть 1.
2359:. RIA Novosti. 8 August 2008. Archived from
1929:(in Russian). "Южная Осетия". Archived from
1916:
1883:
1881:
1870:. RIA Novosti. 7 August 2009. Archived from
1395:
1212:Fighting between Georgian and Russian forces
1195:Head of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania
91:Georgian forces withdraw fully from the city
3706:(in Russian). Novaya Gazeta. Archived from
3571:
3423:Грузию обвинили в попытке затопить Цхинвали
2924:
2862:
2076:
1891:. Reuters. 21 February 2009. Archived from
1781:"The August War between Russia and Georgia"
1759:
1678:(in Russian). BaltPortal.ru. Archived from
969:A Russian armoured column in South Ossetia.
4079:
3000:(in Russian). Kommersant. 4 December 2008.
2997:«Не место этому президенту в Южной Осетии»
2958:
2808:
2806:
2714:
2451:
2439:
2427:
2391:
2376:
1808:
1753:
1699:(in Russian). Novyy Region. Archived from
1475:Minister of Emergency Situations of Russia
1328:A damaged apartment building in Tskhinvali
1304:hospital. Vetchinov was awarded the title
682:has entered the area." On 10 August 2008,
470:
456:
4086:. IIFFMCG. September 2009. Archived from
4068:. IIFFMCG. September 2009. Archived from
4061:
4050:. IIFFMCG. September 2009. Archived from
3874:(in Russian). NEWSru.com. 27 August 2008.
3759:(in Russian). Telekritika. Archived from
3478:
3169:
3045:
2946:
2929:. The Heritage Foundation. Archived from
2394:"A Two-Sided Descent into Full-Scale War"
2284:
2282:
2243:
2043:Nikolaus von Twickel (17 November 2008).
1980:
1878:
1778:
1738:
1440:of the Vostok battalion near Tskhinvali.
809:Situation in South Ossetia before the war
4043:
4031:
3820:(in Russian). Forum.msk. 15 August 2008.
3675:
3340:
2977:
2815:"Georgia and Russia Nearing All-Out War"
2744:
2333:
2331:
2258:
2171:Konstantin Makienko (15 November 2008).
1844:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1819:
1817:
1779:Barabanov, Mikhail (12 September 2008).
1385:
1323:
1315:
1215:
989:A destroyed Georgian tank in Tskhinvali.
984:
972:
964:
956:
845:
837:
812:
804:
800:
674:. It has more or less stabilized now. A
3798:Aleksandr Viktorov (1 September 2008).
3742:(in Russian). Interfax. 14 August 2008.
3726:(in Russian). Interfax. 13 August 2008.
3655:(in Russian). Memorial. 11 August 2008.
3426:(in Russian). Lenta.ru. 11 August 2008.
3398:. The Messenger Online. 14 August 2015.
3105:
3020:
2856:
2812:
2803:
2643:Aleksandr Viktorov (1 September 2008).
2218:Andrey Illarionov (27 September 2012).
2166:
2164:
2162:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2087:
1061:had been convened by Russian president
947:
842:Russian peacekeepers base in Tskhinvali
614:
4179:
3977:(in Russian). Izvestia. Archived from
3671:(in Russian). Svoboda. 12 August 2008.
3396:"7 years passed since Shindisi Battle"
3297:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3151:from the original on 25 September 2015
3016:(in Russian). Lenta.ru. 9 August 2008.
2842:
2738:
2551:(in Russian). Moskovskij Komsomolets.
2530:(in Russian). Izvestia. Archived from
2507:Akhsar Tskhurbati (22 November 2008).
2279:
2220:"What did the Russian Generals admit!"
1996:(in Russian). Lenta.ru. 5 August 2008.
1923:Aleksandr Kelekhsaev (11 April 2009).
1320:A building in Tskhinvali on 18 August.
1028:again during the conflict after this.
602:. It was the only major battle in the
477:
4097:
3997:(in Russian). Vzglyad. 8 August 2009.
3935:ЛИК БОГОРОДИЦЫ И MOSCOW DEFENCE BRIEF
3831:Marina Perevozkina (19 August 2008).
3408:
3364:
3352:
3311:
3206:АПН - Агентство Политических Новостей
3099:
3069:
3057:
2571:(in Russian). Army.lv. Archived from
2494:
2482:
2415:
2328:
2322:
2307:
2273:
2072:(in Russian). Moskovskij Komsomolets.
1965:
1910:
1835:
1814:
1312:Turning point and Georgian withdrawal
451:
16:2008 battle in the Russo-Georgian War
4039:. Estonian National Defence College.
3854:(in Russian). Rusrep. Archived from
3604:"Journalists Suffered Combat Losses"
3592:(in Russian). Regnum. 9 August 2008.
3506:Vladimir Radyuhin (11 August 2008).
3145:"NATO's Endless Caucasian Courtship"
2464:Niklas Nilsson (17 September 2008).
2159:
2096:
1522:Chief of the General Staff of Russia
760:Chief of the General Staff of Russia
4197:Battles involving Georgia (country)
3801:Фронтовой дневник. Война за кадром.
3780:(in Russian). MK.RU. Archived from
3753:Ruslan Yarmolyuk (14 August 2008).
3700:Arkady Babchenko (13 August 2008).
3625:Irina Kuksenkova (10 August 2008).
3618:
3244:from the original on 11 August 2008
3089:from the original on 20 April 2010.
3083:"Day-by-day: Georgia-Russia crisis"
3028:"Russia 'shot down its own planes'"
2679:«Как готовилась война». Послесловие
2628:(in Russian). Vesti. Archived from
2622:Aleksadr Sladkov (17 August 2008).
2555:from the original on 21 March 2009.
2151:Evgeny Zhmurikov (18 August 2008).
2088:Chivers, C.J. (15 September 2008).
2066:Irina Kuksenkova (10 August 2008).
2028:(in Russian). Vesti. Archived from
2025:Новое возгорание тлеющего конфликта
1693:Aleksandr Volkov (11 August 2008).
833:
659:on 7 August 2008, state-controlled
87:Russian and South Ossetian victory
13:
4024:
3915:Yulia Latynina (10 October 2008).
3848:Dmitry Belyakov (21 August 2008).
3837:(in Russian). Nezavisimaya Gazeta.
3441:. Associated Press. Archived from
2545:Vadim Rechkalov (12 August 2008).
1446:, deputy head of Moscow Bureau of
795:
621:Timeline of the Russo-Georgian War
14:
4238:
4118:
3938:(in Russian). Ezhednevny Zhurnal.
3774:Viktor Sokirko (12 August 2008).
2838:. United Nations. 11 August 2008.
2660:Mikhail Sokolov (6 August 2009).
2524:Yuriy Snegirev (10 August 2008).
2007:Brian Whitmore (23 August 2008).
1528:. He said that the first Russian
953:Arrival of Russian reinforcements
670:as saying: "I have spoken to the
4001:
3985:
3971:Yuriy Snegirev (6 August 2009).
3964:
3942:
3925:
3908:
3892:
3878:
3862:
3841:
3824:
3808:
3791:
3777:12 часов до смерти (ФОТО, ВИДЕО)
3746:
3730:
3714:
3693:
3659:
3643:
3610:. 11 August 2008. Archived from
3580:
3565:
3518:
3484:
3456:Douglas Birch (12 August 2008).
3212:from the original on 2 June 2017
3182:from the original on 7 July 2014
2978:Allenova, Olga (8 August 2008).
2886:10.1111/j.1468-2346.2008.00762.x
2222:. Georgia Online. Archived from
2022:Andrey Baranov (7 August 2008).
1526:North Caucasus Military District
1078:76th Guards Air Assault Division
632:At 8:00 am on 1 August, an
394:
379:Fewer than total war casualties
369:
322:
304:
293:
283:
266:
257:
248:
237:
226:
210:
198:
187:
176:
165:
154:
134:
123:
111:
47:arrows show Georgian movements,
37:
3932:Yulia Latynina (10 July 2009).
3449:
3430:
3414:
3388:
3370:
3317:
3224:
3194:
3163:
3137:
3075:
3004:
2988:
2918:
2899:
2825:
2813:Barnard, Anne (9 August 2008).
2787:
2771:
2753:
2720:
2690:
2670:
2653:
2636:
2615:
2599:
2579:
2559:
2538:
2527:Наши танки шли стальным потоком
2517:
2500:
2457:
2211:
2144:
2130:
2059:
2036:
2015:
1986:
1937:
1860:
1088:Air operations in South Ossetia
404:Fewer than total war casualties
332:Fewer than total war casualties
3572:Tom Parfitt (13 August 2008).
3491:Peter Walker (9 August 2008).
2925:Ariel Cohen (11 August 2008).
2850:"Q&A: Conflict in Georgia"
2468:. CACI Analyst. Archived from
1707:
1686:
1665:
1649:
1633:
1609:
1306:Hero of the Russian Federation
1000:135th Motorized Rifle Regiment
594:) was a fight for the city of
1:
4032:Laaneots, Ants (April 2016).
2852:. BBC News. 11 November 2008.
2666:(in Russian). Kavkazsky Uzel.
2392:Peter Finn (17 August 2008).
2045:"Moscow Claims Media War Win"
1603:
1291:commander Lieutenant General
1282:
1254:19th Motorized Rifle Division
609:
437:
420:Ministry of Internal Affairs:
351:Ministry of Internal Affairs:
3628:Трое суток в эпицентре войны
3525:Johanna Popjanevski (2011).
3085:. BBC News. 21 August 2008.
2140:. Civil.Ge. 29 October 2008.
2069:Трое суток в эпицентре войны
1948:. EurasiaNet. Archived from
1461:Russian military journalist
1351:Konstantin Makienko writes:
821:Georgian artillery launched
7:
3510:. The Hindu. Archived from
2981:Первая миротворческая война
1593:and noted that reporter of
1572:President of North Ossetia
1185:Georgian advance is stopped
634:improvised explosive device
10:
4243:
4227:August 2008 events in Asia
3327:. Civil.Ge. 9 August 2008.
2649:(in Russian). LiveJournal.
2548:Россия, не включай заднюю…
2510:Встреча у Рукского тоннеля
2292:. ИА Рес. 13 October 2008.
1399:
1059:Security Council of Russia
672:president of South Ossetia
618:
3804:(in Russian). Art of War.
2984:(in Russian). Kommersant.
2201:"Russia's rapid reaction"
1591:Multiple rocket launchers
1549:multiple rocket launchers
1492:Political commentator of
1396:Aftermath and assessments
961:Burned Georgian T-72 tank
790:
591:
586:
489:
314:
276:
147:
104:
55:
36:
28:
23:
4202:Battles involving Russia
4009:
3993:
3973:
3934:
3921:(in Russian). gazeta.ru.
3917:
3900:
3870:
3850:
3834:Военно-непризнанная база
3833:
3816:
3800:
3776:
3755:
3738:
3722:
3702:
3667:
3651:
3627:
3588:
3422:
3232:
3030:. BBC News. 9 July 2009.
3012:
2996:
2980:
2795:
2779:
2678:
2662:
2645:
2624:
2607:
2587:
2567:
2547:
2526:
2509:
2068:
2024:
1925:
1715:
1695:
1674:
1657:
1641:
1560:Federal Security Service
3888:. Bild. 27 August 2008.
2912:The Heritage Foundation
2608:Зассеева Лиана Шалвовна
2513:(in Russian). OSInform.
2155:(in Russian). Memorial.
1661:(in Russian). Lenta.ru.
1057:, an urgent session of
680:North Caucasus District
4106:Russkiy Mir Foundation
3633:Moskovskij Komsomolets
3120:Russkiy Mir Foundation
2749:. Library of Congress.
2700:. Bunt. Archived from
1392:
1357:
1349:
1329:
1321:
1221:
990:
982:
970:
962:
859:
843:
818:
810:
690:1990s ceasefire accord
685:Moskovskij Komsomolets
335:Georgian Armed Forces:
148:Commanders and leaders
51:show Russian movements
4099:"The Tanks of August"
4017:on 24 September 2011.
3858:on 13 September 2008.
3113:"The Tanks of August"
2873:International Affairs
2126:on 20 September 2008.
2092:. The New York Times.
1795:on 15 September 2008.
1524:and Commander of the
1480:Ukrainian journalist
1389:
1353:
1345:
1327:
1319:
1219:
988:
976:
968:
960:
849:
841:
816:
808:
801:Artillery preparation
771:Beijing Olympic Games
665:President of Abkhazia
315:Casualties and losses
4081:"Report. Volume III"
3238:Komsomolskaya Pravda
2863:Roy Allison (2008).
2767:on 22 February 2012.
2734:on 10 February 2015.
1895:on 24 February 2009.
1785:Moscow Defense Brief
1672:www.kaliningrad.ru.
1658:Баранкевич, Анатолий
1629:on 17 November 2011.
1366:Moscow Defence Brief
1341:Moscow Defence Brief
1250:Moscow Defense Brief
1175:Moscow Defense Brief
1014:, Russian president
948:Russian intervention
900:Agence France-Presse
773:. Russian president
740:Moscow Defence Brief
615:Deployment and goals
578:Battle of Tskhinvali
407:Ministry of Defence:
24:Battle of Tskhinvali
4163:42.2331°N 43.9661°E
4159: /
4139:, Avraam Shmulevich
4063:"Report. Volume II"
3981:on 29 October 2010.
3960:on 5 February 2009.
3851:«Made in USA! Жри!»
3784:on 11 August 2009.
3756:Записки из Цхинвали
3639:on 5 December 2008.
3561:on 5 February 2009.
3514:on 8 February 2015.
3279:on 15 December 2017
3133:on 28 January 2011.
2895:on 29 January 2011.
2430:, pp. 370–371.
2207:on 21 October 2008.
1913:, pp. 136–137.
1703:on 7 December 2008.
1682:on 4 December 2008.
1535:Russian journalist
1502:Nezavisimaya Gazeta
1158:Anatoliy Nogovitsyn
1129:Anatoly Barankevich
977:The Russian Army's
701:Mikheil Saakashvili
540:Uncontested Georgia
310:Up to 3,500 troops.
263:Anatoly Barankevich
161:Mikheil Saakashvili
4187:Russo-Georgian War
4129:Human Rights Watch
4057:on 7 October 2009.
4045:"Report. Volume I"
3763:on 15 August 2008.
3710:on 15 August 2008.
3687:Human Rights Watch
3614:on 13 August 2008.
3468:on 19 August 2008.
3445:on 15 August 2008.
3240:. 10 August 2008.
2933:on 13 August 2008.
2819:The New York Times
2704:on 1 January 2010.
2686:on 18 August 2009.
2632:on 18 August 2008.
2534:on 13 August 2008.
2472:on 18 August 2014.
2345:on 22 August 2008.
2226:on 1 January 2016.
2032:on 13 August 2008.
1723:on 24 August 2011.
1545:Human Rights Watch
1455:Human Rights Watch
1448:Human Rights Watch
1422:REGNUM News Agency
1393:
1330:
1322:
1238:Alagirsky District
1222:
1167:Georgian Air Force
1156:, was admitted by
1074:Second Chechen War
1020:Anatoliy Serdyukov
991:
983:
971:
963:
896:Temur Iakobashvili
860:
844:
819:
811:
604:Russo-Georgian War
481:Russo-Georgian War
172:Davit Kezerashvili
31:Russo-Georgian War
4192:Conflicts in 2008
3689:. 12 August 2008.
3384:on 23 April 2016.
3314:, pp. 61–63.
3060:, pp. 55–56.
2595:on 11 March 2011.
2575:on 12 March 2011.
2497:, pp. 51–52.
2363:on 10 April 2009.
2276:, pp. 48–49.
2261:, pp. 58–59.
2179:on 27 March 2009.
1874:on 26 April 2014.
1856:on 2 August 2014.
1574:Taymuraz Mamsurov
1543:In January 2009,
1198:Taymuraz Mamsurov
1146:Russian Air Force
1140:According to the
1037:Andrey Illarionov
981:in South Ossetia.
873:Leningor District
858:in South Ossetia.
780:Andrey Illarionov
737:According to the
571:
570:
446:
445:
430:Ossetian reserves
233:Marat Kulakhmetov
194:Vano Merabishvili
183:Mamuka Kurashvili
100:
99:
4234:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4168:42.2331; 43.9661
4164:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4155:
4152:
4135:
4113:
4103:
4094:
4092:
4085:
4076:
4074:
4067:
4058:
4056:
4049:
4040:
4038:
4019:
4018:
4005:
3999:
3998:
3989:
3983:
3982:
3968:
3962:
3961:
3946:
3940:
3939:
3929:
3923:
3922:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3896:
3890:
3889:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3866:
3860:
3859:
3845:
3839:
3838:
3828:
3822:
3821:
3812:
3806:
3805:
3795:
3789:
3788:
3771:
3765:
3764:
3750:
3744:
3743:
3734:
3728:
3727:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3697:
3691:
3690:
3679:
3673:
3672:
3663:
3657:
3656:
3647:
3641:
3640:
3635:. Archived from
3622:
3616:
3615:
3600:
3594:
3593:
3584:
3578:
3577:
3569:
3563:
3562:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3531:
3522:
3516:
3515:
3503:
3497:
3496:
3488:
3482:
3476:
3470:
3469:
3464:. Archived from
3462:Associated Press
3453:
3447:
3446:
3434:
3428:
3427:
3418:
3412:
3406:
3400:
3399:
3392:
3386:
3385:
3374:
3368:
3362:
3356:
3350:
3344:
3338:
3329:
3328:
3321:
3315:
3309:
3303:
3302:
3296:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3278:
3272:. Archived from
3271:
3263:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3228:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3176:Atlantic Council
3167:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3141:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3126:. Archived from
3117:
3109:
3103:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3079:
3073:
3067:
3061:
3055:
3049:
3043:
3032:
3031:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3008:
3002:
3001:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2975:
2962:
2956:
2950:
2944:
2935:
2934:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2888:. Archived from
2880:(6): 1145–1171.
2869:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2846:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2810:
2801:
2800:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2724:
2718:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2625:Посвящение герою
2619:
2613:
2612:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2504:
2498:
2492:
2486:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2461:
2455:
2449:
2443:
2437:
2431:
2425:
2419:
2413:
2404:
2403:
2389:
2380:
2374:
2365:
2364:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2335:
2326:
2320:
2311:
2305:
2294:
2293:
2286:
2277:
2271:
2262:
2256:
2247:
2241:
2228:
2227:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2196:
2181:
2180:
2168:
2157:
2156:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2118:
2109:
2094:
2093:
2085:
2074:
2073:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2051:. Archived from
2049:The Moscow Times
2040:
2034:
2033:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1969:
1963:
1954:
1953:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1933:on 28 July 2013.
1920:
1914:
1908:
1897:
1896:
1885:
1876:
1875:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1846:
1833:
1832:
1821:
1812:
1806:
1797:
1796:
1776:
1757:
1751:
1742:
1736:
1725:
1724:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1621:
1613:
1586:Tskhinvali with
1486:Inter TV channel
1482:Ruslan Yarmolyuk
1463:Arkady Babchenko
1434:Irina Kuksenkova
1377:Associated Press
1293:Anatoly Khrulyov
979:Vostok Battalion
834:Georgian advance
728:Dmitry Sanakoyev
593:
589:
588:
587:ცხინვალის ბრძოლა
562:Assured Delivery
506:Ethnic cleansing
484:
482:
472:
465:
458:
449:
448:
439:
399:
398:
374:
373:
327:
326:
309:
308:
298:
297:
288:
287:
271:
270:
262:
261:
253:
252:
242:
241:
231:
230:
217:Anatoly Khrulyov
215:
214:
203:
202:
192:
191:
181:
180:
170:
169:
159:
158:
140:
138:
137:
128:
127:
116:
115:
63:8–11 August 2008
57:
56:
50:
46:
41:
21:
20:
4242:
4241:
4237:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4232:
4231:
4207:Battles in 2008
4177:
4176:
4167:
4165:
4161:
4158:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4146:
4145:
4133:
4121:
4116:
4101:
4093:on 6 July 2011.
4090:
4083:
4075:on 6 July 2011.
4072:
4065:
4054:
4047:
4036:
4027:
4025:Further reading
4022:
4011:
4007:
4006:
4002:
3995:
3991:
3990:
3986:
3975:
3969:
3965:
3948:
3947:
3943:
3936:
3930:
3926:
3919:
3913:
3909:
3902:
3898:
3897:
3893:
3884:
3883:
3879:
3872:
3868:
3867:
3863:
3852:
3846:
3842:
3835:
3829:
3825:
3818:
3814:
3813:
3809:
3802:
3796:
3792:
3778:
3772:
3768:
3757:
3751:
3747:
3740:
3736:
3735:
3731:
3724:
3720:
3719:
3715:
3704:
3698:
3694:
3681:
3680:
3676:
3669:
3665:
3664:
3660:
3653:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3629:
3623:
3619:
3602:
3601:
3597:
3590:
3586:
3585:
3581:
3576:. The Guardian.
3570:
3566:
3549:
3548:
3544:
3536:
3529:
3523:
3519:
3504:
3500:
3495:. The Guardian.
3489:
3485:
3477:
3473:
3454:
3450:
3435:
3431:
3424:
3420:
3419:
3415:
3407:
3403:
3394:
3393:
3389:
3376:
3375:
3371:
3363:
3359:
3351:
3347:
3339:
3332:
3323:
3322:
3318:
3310:
3306:
3290:
3289:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3269:
3267:"Archived copy"
3265:
3264:
3257:
3247:
3245:
3234:
3230:
3229:
3225:
3215:
3213:
3200:
3199:
3195:
3185:
3183:
3168:
3164:
3154:
3152:
3143:
3142:
3138:
3130:
3115:
3111:
3110:
3106:
3098:
3094:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3068:
3064:
3056:
3052:
3044:
3035:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3014:
3010:
3009:
3005:
2998:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2982:
2976:
2965:
2959:Volume III 2009
2957:
2953:
2945:
2938:
2923:
2919:
2904:
2900:
2892:
2867:
2861:
2857:
2848:
2847:
2843:
2835:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2811:
2804:
2797:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2772:
2759:
2758:
2754:
2743:
2739:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2715:Volume III 2009
2713:
2709:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2680:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2664:
2658:
2654:
2647:
2641:
2637:
2626:
2620:
2616:
2609:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2589:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2569:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2549:
2543:
2539:
2528:
2522:
2518:
2511:
2505:
2501:
2493:
2489:
2481:
2477:
2462:
2458:
2452:Volume III 2009
2450:
2446:
2440:Volume III 2009
2438:
2434:
2428:Volume III 2009
2426:
2422:
2414:
2407:
2399:Washington Post
2390:
2383:
2377:Volume III 2009
2375:
2368:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2337:
2336:
2329:
2321:
2314:
2306:
2297:
2288:
2287:
2280:
2272:
2265:
2257:
2250:
2242:
2231:
2216:
2212:
2197:
2184:
2169:
2160:
2149:
2145:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2123:
2116:
2110:
2097:
2086:
2077:
2070:
2064:
2060:
2055:on 23 May 2012.
2041:
2037:
2026:
2020:
2016:
2005:
2001:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1979:
1972:
1964:
1957:
1942:
1938:
1927:
1921:
1917:
1909:
1900:
1887:
1886:
1879:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1848:
1847:
1836:
1831:on 7 June 2012.
1823:
1822:
1815:
1809:Volume III 2009
1807:
1800:
1777:
1760:
1754:Volume III 2009
1752:
1745:
1737:
1728:
1717:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1697:
1691:
1687:
1676:
1670:
1666:
1659:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1643:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1626:
1619:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1404:
1398:
1381:Nicolas Sarkozy
1364:. According to
1314:
1301:Denis Vetchinov
1285:
1214:
1187:
1090:
1063:Dmitry Medvedev
1016:Dmitry Medvedev
995:Krasnaya Zvezda
955:
950:
867:to the west of
854:of the Russian
836:
803:
798:
796:Georgian attack
793:
775:Dmitry Medvedev
763:Yuri Baluyevsky
623:
617:
612:
592:Бои за Цхинвали
574:
573:
572:
567:
485:
480:
478:
476:
405:
403:
393:
378:
368:
333:
331:
321:
303:
302:
300:
292:
282:
265:
264:
256:
255:
247:
246:
244:Sulim Yamadayev
236:
235:
225:
224:
209:
197:
196:
186:
185:
175:
174:
164:
163:
153:
135:
133:
132:
122:
110:
78:
64:
48:
44:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4240:
4230:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4141:
4140:
4131:
4120:
4119:External links
4117:
4115:
4114:
4095:
4077:
4059:
4041:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4020:
4000:
3984:
3963:
3941:
3924:
3907:
3891:
3877:
3861:
3840:
3823:
3807:
3790:
3766:
3745:
3729:
3713:
3692:
3674:
3658:
3642:
3631:(in Russian).
3617:
3595:
3579:
3564:
3542:
3539:on 2 May 2016.
3517:
3498:
3483:
3481:, p. 219.
3479:Volume II 2009
3471:
3448:
3429:
3413:
3401:
3387:
3369:
3357:
3345:
3330:
3316:
3304:
3255:
3236:(in Russian).
3223:
3193:
3162:
3136:
3104:
3092:
3074:
3062:
3050:
3048:, p. 210.
3046:Volume II 2009
3033:
3019:
3003:
2987:
2963:
2961:, p. 107.
2951:
2949:, p. 216.
2947:Volume II 2009
2936:
2917:
2898:
2855:
2841:
2824:
2802:
2786:
2770:
2752:
2745:Peter Roudik.
2737:
2719:
2717:, p. 342.
2707:
2689:
2669:
2652:
2635:
2614:
2598:
2578:
2558:
2537:
2516:
2499:
2487:
2475:
2456:
2454:, p. 476.
2444:
2432:
2420:
2405:
2381:
2366:
2348:
2327:
2312:
2295:
2278:
2263:
2248:
2246:, p. 209.
2244:Volume II 2009
2229:
2210:
2182:
2158:
2143:
2129:
2095:
2075:
2058:
2035:
2014:
1999:
1985:
1983:, p. 208.
1981:Volume II 2009
1970:
1955:
1952:on 6 May 2009.
1936:
1915:
1898:
1877:
1859:
1834:
1813:
1811:, p. 520.
1798:
1758:
1756:, p. 371.
1743:
1741:, p. 214.
1739:Volume II 2009
1726:
1706:
1685:
1664:
1648:
1632:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1583:Yulia Latynina
1564:Border Service
1537:Yulia Latynina
1444:Tanya Lokshina
1397:
1394:
1313:
1310:
1297:special forces
1284:
1281:
1213:
1210:
1186:
1183:
1154:Tupolev Tu-22M
1089:
1086:
1041:Transcaucasian
954:
951:
949:
946:
916:special troops
905:Eduard Kokoity
865:Znaur district
835:
832:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
767:Vladimir Putin
668:Sergei Bagapsh
650:North Caucasus
616:
613:
611:
608:
569:
568:
566:
565:
558:
553:
548:
537:
536:
525:
524:
519:
508:
503:
498:
490:
487:
486:
475:
474:
467:
460:
452:
444:
443:
442:
441:
427:
426:
417:
416:
413:
391:
390:
387:
384:
365:
364:
363:
360:
357:
348:
347:
344:
341:
317:
316:
312:
311:
290:
279:
278:
274:
273:
207:
150:
149:
145:
144:
120:
107:
106:
102:
101:
98:
97:
96:
95:
92:
84:
80:
79:
73:
71:
67:
66:
61:
53:
52:
34:
33:
26:
25:
19:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4239:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4212:Urban warfare
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4175:
4172:
4143:
4138:
4132:
4130:
4126:
4123:
4122:
4111:
4107:
4100:
4096:
4089:
4082:
4078:
4071:
4064:
4060:
4053:
4046:
4042:
4035:
4030:
4029:
4016:
4012:
4004:
3996:
3988:
3980:
3976:
3967:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3945:
3937:
3928:
3920:
3918:Вопросы войны
3911:
3903:
3895:
3887:
3881:
3873:
3865:
3857:
3853:
3844:
3836:
3827:
3819:
3811:
3803:
3794:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3770:
3762:
3758:
3749:
3741:
3733:
3725:
3717:
3709:
3705:
3696:
3688:
3684:
3678:
3670:
3662:
3654:
3646:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3621:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3599:
3591:
3583:
3575:
3568:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3546:
3535:
3528:
3521:
3513:
3509:
3502:
3494:
3487:
3480:
3475:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3452:
3444:
3440:
3433:
3425:
3417:
3411:, p. 71.
3410:
3405:
3397:
3391:
3383:
3379:
3373:
3367:, p. 70.
3366:
3361:
3355:, p. 67.
3354:
3349:
3343:, p. 21.
3342:
3341:Volume I 2009
3337:
3335:
3326:
3320:
3313:
3308:
3300:
3294:
3275:
3268:
3262:
3260:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3227:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3197:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3166:
3150:
3146:
3140:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3114:
3108:
3102:, p. 59.
3101:
3096:
3088:
3084:
3078:
3072:, p. 56.
3071:
3066:
3059:
3054:
3047:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3029:
3023:
3015:
3007:
2999:
2991:
2983:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2960:
2955:
2948:
2943:
2941:
2932:
2928:
2921:
2913:
2909:
2902:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2874:
2866:
2859:
2851:
2845:
2834:
2828:
2820:
2816:
2809:
2807:
2798:
2790:
2782:
2774:
2766:
2762:
2756:
2748:
2741:
2733:
2729:
2723:
2716:
2711:
2703:
2699:
2693:
2685:
2681:
2673:
2665:
2656:
2648:
2639:
2631:
2627:
2618:
2610:
2602:
2594:
2590:
2582:
2574:
2570:
2562:
2554:
2550:
2541:
2533:
2529:
2520:
2512:
2503:
2496:
2491:
2485:, p. 49.
2484:
2479:
2471:
2467:
2460:
2453:
2448:
2442:, p. 69.
2441:
2436:
2429:
2424:
2418:, p. 54.
2417:
2412:
2410:
2401:
2400:
2395:
2388:
2386:
2379:, p. 60.
2378:
2373:
2371:
2362:
2358:
2352:
2344:
2340:
2334:
2332:
2325:, p. 51.
2324:
2319:
2317:
2310:, p. 50.
2309:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2291:
2285:
2283:
2275:
2270:
2268:
2260:
2259:Laaneots 2016
2255:
2253:
2245:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2225:
2221:
2214:
2206:
2202:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2178:
2174:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2154:
2147:
2139:
2133:
2122:
2115:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2091:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2071:
2062:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2039:
2031:
2027:
2018:
2010:
2003:
1995:
1989:
1982:
1977:
1975:
1968:, p. 44.
1967:
1962:
1960:
1951:
1947:
1940:
1932:
1928:
1919:
1912:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1894:
1890:
1884:
1882:
1873:
1869:
1863:
1855:
1851:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1830:
1826:
1820:
1818:
1810:
1805:
1803:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1755:
1750:
1748:
1740:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1722:
1718:
1710:
1702:
1698:
1689:
1681:
1677:
1668:
1660:
1652:
1644:
1636:
1625:
1618:
1612:
1608:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1538:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1515:
1511:
1509:
1504:
1503:
1497:
1495:
1490:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1471:Sergei Shoigu
1467:
1464:
1459:
1456:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1420:Reporter for
1418:
1415:
1414:
1408:
1403:
1388:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1342:
1337:
1334:
1326:
1318:
1309:
1307:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1280:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1218:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1196:
1191:
1182:
1180:
1179:friendly fire
1176:
1172:
1168:
1162:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1110:Gori District
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1049:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1026:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1010:According to
1008:
1005:
1001:
996:
987:
980:
975:
967:
959:
945:
941:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
917:
912:
910:
906:
901:
897:
892:
887:
881:
879:
874:
870:
866:
857:
853:
848:
840:
831:
827:
824:
815:
807:
788:
786:
781:
776:
772:
768:
764:
761:
756:
752:
750:
746:
742:
741:
735:
733:
729:
725:
720:
718:
713:
712:Dzau District
708:
706:
702:
698:
693:
691:
687:
686:
681:
677:
673:
669:
666:
662:
658:
653:
651:
648:began in the
647:
643:
642:North Ossetia
638:
635:
630:
628:
622:
607:
605:
601:
600:South Ossetia
597:
583:
579:
564:
563:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
543:
542:
541:
535:
532:
531:
530:
529:
523:
520:
518:
517:Kodori Valley
515:
514:
513:
512:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
496:Liakhvi Gorge
494:
493:
492:South Ossetia
488:
483:
473:
468:
466:
461:
459:
454:
453:
450:
435:
434:
433:
431:
424:
423:
422:
421:
414:
411:
410:
409:
408:
402:
401:South Ossetia
397:
388:
385:
382:
381:
380:
377:
372:
366:
361:
358:
355:
354:
353:
352:
345:
342:
339:
338:
337:
336:
330:
325:
319:
318:
313:
307:
296:
291:
286:
281:
280:
275:
272:Vasiliy Lunev
269:
260:
251:
245:
240:
234:
229:
222:
218:
213:
208:
206:
201:
195:
190:
184:
179:
173:
168:
162:
157:
152:
151:
146:
143:
142:South Ossetia
131:
126:
121:
119:
114:
109:
108:
103:
93:
90:
89:
88:
85:
82:
81:
76:
72:
69:
68:
62:
59:
58:
54:
40:
35:
32:
27:
22:
4144:
4142:
4134:(in Russian)
4088:the original
4070:the original
4052:the original
4015:the original
4003:
3987:
3979:the original
3966:
3958:the original
3954:Up in Flames
3953:
3944:
3927:
3910:
3894:
3880:
3864:
3856:the original
3843:
3826:
3810:
3793:
3785:
3782:the original
3769:
3761:the original
3748:
3732:
3716:
3708:the original
3695:
3677:
3661:
3645:
3637:the original
3620:
3612:the original
3598:
3582:
3567:
3559:the original
3555:Up in Flames
3554:
3545:
3534:the original
3520:
3512:the original
3501:
3486:
3474:
3466:the original
3451:
3443:the original
3432:
3416:
3404:
3390:
3382:the original
3372:
3360:
3348:
3319:
3307:
3281:. Retrieved
3274:the original
3246:. Retrieved
3226:
3214:. Retrieved
3205:
3196:
3184:. Retrieved
3175:
3165:
3153:. Retrieved
3139:
3128:the original
3107:
3095:
3077:
3065:
3053:
3022:
3006:
2990:
2954:
2931:the original
2920:
2901:
2890:the original
2877:
2871:
2858:
2844:
2827:
2818:
2789:
2773:
2765:the original
2755:
2740:
2732:the original
2722:
2710:
2702:the original
2692:
2684:the original
2672:
2655:
2638:
2630:the original
2617:
2601:
2593:the original
2581:
2573:the original
2561:
2540:
2532:the original
2519:
2502:
2490:
2478:
2470:the original
2459:
2447:
2435:
2423:
2397:
2361:the original
2351:
2343:the original
2224:the original
2213:
2205:the original
2177:the original
2146:
2132:
2121:the original
2061:
2053:the original
2038:
2030:the original
2017:
2002:
1988:
1950:the original
1939:
1931:the original
1918:
1893:the original
1872:the original
1862:
1854:the original
1829:the original
1793:the original
1788:
1784:
1721:the original
1709:
1701:the original
1688:
1680:the original
1667:
1651:
1635:
1624:the original
1611:
1594:
1571:
1568:
1553:
1542:
1534:
1519:
1516:
1512:
1500:
1498:
1491:
1484:working for
1479:
1468:
1460:
1452:
1442:
1430:
1419:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1373:
1370:
1365:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1331:
1286:
1277:
1268:
1266:
1242:
1233:
1229:
1223:
1205:
1192:
1188:
1163:
1151:
1139:
1132:
1124:
1113:
1106:Sukhoi Su-29
1102:Sukhoi Su-27
1098:Sukhoi Su-25
1094:Sukhoi Su-24
1091:
1068:
1052:
1045:
1030:
1009:
994:
992:
942:
925:Otokar Cobra
913:
882:
861:
828:
820:
757:
753:
738:
736:
721:
709:
694:
683:
654:
639:
631:
624:
577:
575:
561:
539:
538:
527:
526:
510:
509:
500:
491:
429:
428:
419:
418:
406:
400:
392:
386:Wounded: 283
375:
367:
359:Wounded: 227
350:
349:
343:Wounded: 947
334:
328:
320:
254:Kazbek Friev
105:Belligerents
86:
4166: /
4010:КОД ДОСТУПА
3216:10 February
3186:10 February
3155:10 February
1556:Roki Tunnel
1508:BM-21 Grads
1426:Mingrelians
1273:Vladikavkaz
1262:Vladikavkaz
1033:BM-21 Grads
1004:Roki Tunnel
886:Zemo Nikozi
878:Roki Tunnel
823:smoke bombs
705:Zaza Gogava
697:Roki Tunnel
657:Moscow Time
590:; Russian:
415:Wounded: 69
340:Killed: 169
205:Zaza Gogava
4217:Tskhinvali
4181:Categories
4154:43°57′58″E
4151:42°13′59″N
3703:Грузия-200
3608:Kommersant
3409:Tanks 2010
3365:Tanks 2010
3353:Tanks 2010
3312:Tanks 2010
3100:Tanks 2010
3070:Tanks 2010
3058:Tanks 2010
2495:Tanks 2010
2483:Tanks 2010
2416:Tanks 2010
2323:Tanks 2010
2308:Tanks 2010
2274:Tanks 2010
1966:Tanks 2010
1911:Tanks 2010
1604:References
1588:BM-21 Grad
1400:See also:
1283:The ambush
1269:Kommersant
1234:Kommersant
1230:Kommersant
1206:Kommersant
1134:Kommersant
1125:Kommersant
1115:Kommersant
1007:August 8.
869:Tskhinvali
717:Blitzkrieg
661:Rossiya TV
619:See also:
610:Background
596:Tskhinvali
501:Tskhinvali
425:Killed: 10
412:Killed: 27
383:Killed: 67
356:Killed: 11
75:Tskhinvali
3283:21 August
2011:. RFE/RL.
1494:Forum.msk
1289:58th Army
1258:58th Army
1226:58th Army
1070:58th Army
907:had told
856:58th Army
678:from the
676:battalion
655:By 20:16
522:Black Sea
77:, Georgia
4125:Pictures
3293:cite web
3242:Archived
3210:Archived
3180:Archived
3149:Archived
3087:Archived
2553:Archived
1596:Izvestia
1562:and the
1413:Guardian
1082:Cossacks
909:Interfax
646:Cossacks
582:Georgian
511:Abkhazia
436:Killed:
277:Strength
70:Location
65:(3 days)
29:Part of
4112:. 2010.
1438:company
1391:forces.
1256:of the
785:Tbilisi
758:Former
534:Tbilisi
528:Georgia
329:Georgia
118:Georgia
3248:11 May
1578:Zvezda
1489:2008.
1245:Senaki
891:Kvaisa
791:Battle
663:aired
584::
546:Senaki
389:MIA: 3
376:Russia
362:MIA: 3
346:MIA: 1
139:
130:Russia
83:Result
4127:from
4102:(PDF)
4091:(PDF)
4084:(PDF)
4073:(PDF)
4066:(PDF)
4055:(PDF)
4048:(PDF)
4037:(PDF)
3537:(PDF)
3530:(PDF)
3277:(PDF)
3270:(PDF)
3131:(PDF)
3116:(PDF)
2893:(PDF)
2868:(PDF)
2836:(PDF)
2124:(PDF)
2117:(PDF)
1627:(PDF)
1620:(PDF)
1530:BMP-1
1260:from
1131:told
937:RPG-7
929:T-72s
921:BMP-1
898:told
852:BMP-2
4110:CAST
3299:link
3285:2017
3250:2011
3218:2018
3188:2018
3157:2018
3124:CAST
1362:Gori
1202:Java
1120:L-39
1104:and
1080:and
1048:Java
1025:Java
1012:CAST
933:CAST
732:Java
627:Gori
576:The
556:Gori
551:Poti
60:Date
45:Blue
2882:doi
1566:.
1360:to
1200:in
1055:MSK
221:WIA
49:red
4183::
4104:.
3952:.
3685:.
3606:.
3553:.
3460:.
3333:^
3295:}}
3291:{{
3258:^
3208:.
3204:.
3178:.
3174:.
3147:.
3118:.
3036:^
2966:^
2939:^
2910:.
2878:84
2876:.
2870:.
2817:.
2805:^
2408:^
2396:.
2384:^
2369:^
2330:^
2315:^
2298:^
2281:^
2266:^
2251:^
2232:^
2185:^
2161:^
2098:^
2078:^
2047:.
1973:^
1958:^
1901:^
1880:^
1837:^
1816:^
1801:^
1787:.
1783:.
1761:^
1746:^
1729:^
1473:,
1173:.
1100:,
1096:,
1076:.
850:A
787:.
629:.
440:50
438:c.
432::
4108:/
3301:)
3287:.
3252:.
3220:.
3190:.
3159:.
3122:/
2914:.
2884::
2821:.
2402:.
1789:3
998:(
580:(
471:e
464:t
457:v
223:)
219:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
_(en).svg)
