483:
703:, arrived at the camp. The Lithuanian light cavalry flung javelins at short range, which were highly effective against the unwieldy Livonian heavy cavalry. The swampy terrain was advantageous for the lightly armed pagans. The slaughter of the Christian troops, including Volkwin, sowed the seeds of confusion in the Livonian ranks. The lightly-armed native forces under the command of the Brothers soon fled from the battle. Almost all members of the order, including Volkwin, died in the battle. Those crusaders and knights who tried to flee to Riga were allegedly killed by the Semigallians. Only every tenth Crusader reached Riga.
37:
249:
277:
216:
491:
284:
256:
223:
642:. Besides that, the Livonian Sword Brothers had still little knowledge of the lands lying south to the order's territory. Volkwin delayed starting military actions for an entire summer, hoping to escape a risky operation into unexplored lands. However, the insistence of Pope Gregory IX forced him to lead a new campaign. Volkwin targeted
713:
women. I lament the deaths of so many heroes who were so easily slain. The Master and his
Brothers put up a heroic defense until their horses were slain and even then fought on foot and felled many men before they were vanquished. Finally, and with great difficulty, the Lithuanians felled them with long spears."
694:
Crossing the lands of
Semigallians, which were not in the order's control, the crusaders marched southward into Samogitia, raiding and plundering local settlements. The locals had only a few days to gather troops for defense. On the knights' northward return, however, they encountered a determined
712:
described the pagan's defeat of the Sword-Brothers at the battle of Saule: "More heathens arrived. The next day the
Christians thought to ride away early, but they had to fight the pagans though they did not want to. In the swamp, they could offer but weak resistance, and they were cut down like
695:
group of
Samogitians at a river crossing. Unwilling to risk losing their horses in the swampland, the Holsteiners refused to fight on foot, forcing the knights to camp for the night. The next morning, on the day of
781:, Lithuania as the battle site. The theory gained some academic support and in 2010 the Lithuanian government sponsored construction of the memorial in Jauniūnai – a 29-metre (95 ft) tall
1191:
912:
838:
634:. Volkwin was reluctant to launch offensive actions against Lithuanian lands. His reluctance was determined by understanding that the order lacked strength to wage war against the
1347:
770:
1342:
326:
1229:
1074:
882:
1296:
786:
904:
319:
610:, the order was coping with strained financial resources, decreasing manpower, and ill reputation. The order was in conflict with the
1332:
1295:
Lietuvos pergalė Šiaulių (Saulės) mūšyje 1236 m.: mūšio tarptautinė reikšmė, atminties tradicija, mūšio laukas ir memorialas (sud.
1179:
482:
248:
1317:
312:
276:
1146:
215:
546:. It was the earliest large-scale defeat suffered by the orders in Baltic lands. The Sword-Brothers, the first Catholic
69:
1304:
1107:
1057:
988:
960:
666:
arrived in Riga and demanded to be led into a battle. Volkwin gathered a large war party, which included troops from
1312:
Baranauskas T., Zabiela G. Saulės mūšio pėdsakų paieškos. Vilnius: Lietuvos archeologijos draugija, 2016. – 64 p.,
1281:
1277:
231:
1352:
1213:
574:, tribes previously conquered by the Sword-Brothers. Some thirty years' worth of conquests on the left bank of
531:
389:
128:
110:
1078:
1362:
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384:
874:
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409:
354:
547:
455:
364:
1337:
1122:
495:
450:
1045:
952:
941:
662:
and were reluctant to march against
Samogitia. In the fall of 1236, a party of crusaders from
983:(2nd ed.). Chicago, Illinois: Lithuanian Research and Studies Center. pp. 142–147.
414:
379:
1264:
797:
means "the Sun" in both
Latvian and Lithuanian, and is the name of the Baltic Sun goddess.
726:
470:
394:
36:
778:
8:
878:
507:
1014:
863:(in Lithuanian). Vol. 3. Vilnius: Vyriausioji enciklopedijų redakcija. p. 633.
1183:
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42:
1075:"Saules kaujas 1236.gada 22.septembrī norises rekonstrukcijas mēģinājums"
675:
655:
635:
535:
145:
140:
1178:
734:
554:, was soundly defeated and its remnants accepted incorporation into the
542:. Between 48 and 60 knights were killed, including the Livonian Master,
490:
1126:. Vol. V. Boston, Massachusetts: Juozas Kapočius. pp. 73–74.
647:
627:
754:
683:
679:
671:
643:
631:
571:
567:
559:
136:
789:, situated some 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) east of Janiūnai on the
1187:
834:
758:
700:
663:
638:. The lack of strength was a result of interior conflicts with the
304:
174:
1289:
Arūnas
Gumuliauskas. Saulės mūšis. – Šiauliai: Delta, 1991. 40 p.
1131:
782:
623:
607:
543:
161:
1120:
Simas Sužiedėlis, ed. (1970–1978). "Saulė-Šiauliai, Battle of".
766:
762:
721:
The exact location where the battle took place is unknown. The
611:
583:
579:
551:
599:
626:. However, on 19 February 1236, Pope Gregory IX issued a
859:
Jonas Zinkus; et al., eds. (1987). "Saulės mūšis".
658:. The Sword-Brothers wanted to keep expanding along the
905:"Latvians, Lithuanians remember victory over crusaders"
1184:"Saulės mūšio memorialui pabaigti skirs milijoną litų"
1119:
1348:
Battles involving the
Livonian Brothers of the Sword
1052:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Žara. pp. 185–188.
940:
578:were lost. To commemorate the battle, in 2000 the
558:in 1237. The battle inspired rebellions among the
498:in 1260, showing the Battle of Saule near Šiauliai
1259:. Saulės-Šiaulių kautynės 1236 m. ir jų reikšmė,
875:"Lithuania and Latvia celebrate Baltic Unity Day"
1324:
1022:Lietuvos Respublikos krašto apsaugos ministerija
793:, also claims to be the location of the battle.
598:The Sword-Brothers were established in 1202 in
530:) was fought on 22 September 1236, between the
1343:Battles involving the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
1214:"Baltų vienybės diena – Saulės mūšio atgarsis"
1072:
699:, the main pagan forces, possibly led by Duke
606:. By the 1230s under the leadership of Master
602:to conquer and convert pagan Baltic tribes to
785:, a pond, and a park of oaks. The village of
320:
1272:Kazimieras Paunksnis. Saulės mūšis 1236 m.,
938:
858:
1299:). – Šiauliai: Saulės delta, 2005. 138 p.,
1144:
825:
1044:
831:"Ar priminsime Europai apie Šiaulių mūšį?"
733:. Traditionally, this was identified with
327:
313:
1147:"Naujausių Mindaugo vertinimų labirintai"
1180:Lithuanian National Radio and Television
729:mentioned that the battle was fought in
489:
481:
1040:
1038:
974:
972:
689:
646:, planning to conquer the coast of the
283:
255:
222:
1325:
1211:
934:
932:
930:
622:, two of its biggest supporters, over
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
978:
915:from the original on January 23, 2021
308:
1100:Lake Peipus 1242 – Battle on the Ice
1035:
969:
334:
1012:
927:
486:Battle of Saule, painting from 1937
16:1236 battle of the Livonian Crusade
13:
1247:
1113:
997:
105:Samogitian and Semigalian victory
41:Supposed site of the battle, near
14:
1374:
885:from the original on May 21, 2021
1145:Baranauskas, Tomas (July 2005).
586:declared 22 September to be the
440:Campaign against the Lithuanians
282:
275:
254:
247:
221:
214:
35:
1333:Battles of the Livonian Crusade
1232:from the original on 2012-03-08
1212:Baškys, Vytautas (2006-09-23).
1205:
1194:from the original on 2023-09-22
1172:
1138:
1092:
841:from the original on 2021-03-03
769:. In 1965 the German historian
263:Battle of Saule (Baltic states)
1098:David Nicolle (2005). Osprey:
1066:
897:
867:
852:
819:
532:Livonian Brothers of the Sword
349:Campaign against the Estonians
129:Livonian Brothers of the Sword
111:Livonian Brothers of the Sword
1:
1276:, 1936, nr. 3, p. 73–74
1073:Dedumietis, D. (2001-11-20).
909:Public Broadcasting of Latvia
861:Tarybų Lietuvos enciklopedija
812:
593:
427:Campaign against the Latvians
1077:(in Latvian). Archived from
630:declaring a crusade against
512:Saulės mūšis / Šiaulių mūšis
291:Battle of Saule (Baltic Sea)
7:
1263:, 1936, t. 7, p. 5–50
939:Christiansen, Eric (1997).
800:
716:
10:
1379:
1157:(1): 1, 14. Archived from
765:in what is today southern
757:or with the small town of
709:Livonian Rhymed Chronicle
346:
266:Show map of Baltic states
235:Location within Lithuania
208:
193:
180:
155:
122:
48:
34:
26:
21:
1280:; nr. 4, p. 94–96
1220:(in Lithuanian) (814).
979:Urban, William (2000).
1123:Encyclopedia Lituanica
1015:"Battle of Saulė 1236"
911:. September 22, 2018.
881:. September 19, 2015.
771:Friedrich Benninghoven
750:
742:
527:
519:
511:
499:
496:Livonian Confederation
487:
294:Show map of Baltic Sea
156:Commanders and leaders
943:The Northern Crusades
650:and connect with the
520:Schlacht von Schaulen
493:
485:
238:Show map of Lithuania
194:Casualties and losses
85:56.11500°N 23.51444°E
1363:History of Samogitia
1046:Gudavičius, Edvardas
981:The Prussian Crusade
727:Hermann de Wartberge
690:Events of the battle
534:and pagan troops of
232:class=notpageimage|
199:48–60 knights killed
1353:History of Šiauliai
879:Baltic News Network
584:Latvian parliaments
550:established in the
109:Destruction of the
81: /
1013:Zikaras, Karolis.
827:Baranauskas, Tomas
723:Chronicum Livoniae
620:Holy Roman Emperor
500:
488:
204:1,200 total killed
201:2,700 total killed
90:56.11500; 23.51444
1358:Conflicts in 1236
1318:978-609-95900-0-4
1186:(in Lithuanian).
1153:(in Lithuanian).
833:(in Lithuanian).
779:Joniškis district
640:Bishopric of Riga
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390:St. Matthew's Day
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56:22 September 1236
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947:(2nd ed.).
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731:terram Sauleorum
652:Teutonic Knights
588:Baltic Unity Day
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1248:Further reading
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1338:1236 in Europe
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1218:Šiaurės Atėnai
1204:
1182:(2010-02-14).
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829:(2006-09-22).
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556:Teutonic Order
548:military order
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1261:Karo archyvas
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1161:on 2020-11-24
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1108:1-85532-553-5
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1081:on 2007-02-24
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1059:9986-34-020-9
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990:0-929700-28-7
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962:0-14-026653-4
958:
954:
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949:Penguin Books
945:
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919:September 22,
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697:Saint Maurice
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1297:Romas Batūra
1282:Epaveldas.lt
1278:Epaveldas.lt
1273:
1265:Epaveldas.lt
1260:
1234:. Retrieved
1217:
1207:
1196:. Retrieved
1174:
1163:. Retrieved
1159:the original
1154:
1150:
1140:
1121:
1115:
1099:
1094:
1083:. Retrieved
1079:the original
1068:
1049:
1025:. Retrieved
1021:
980:
942:
917:. Retrieved
899:
887:. Retrieved
869:
860:
854:
843:. Retrieved
821:
794:
730:
722:
720:
707:
705:
693:
604:Christianity
597:
564:Semigallians
552:Baltic lands
540:Semigallians
528:Saules kauja
503:
501:
445:
439:
438:
426:
425:
410:2nd Viljandi
370:1st Viljandi
348:
167:
150:Semigallians
123:Belligerents
104:
27:Part of the
951:. pp.
795:Saule/Saulė
777:village in
676:Latgallians
636:Lithuanians
536:Samogitians
189:4,000–5,000
146:Samogitians
141:Latgallians
88: /
1327:Categories
1274:Akademikas
1236:2010-10-02
1198:2010-10-02
1165:2010-10-02
1085:2007-05-10
845:2007-05-09
813:References
791:Mūša River
648:Baltic Sea
628:papal bull
594:Background
580:Lithuanian
508:Lithuanian
471:Aizkraukle
76:23°30′52″E
1226:1392-7760
1132:74-114275
1102:, p. 40.
1050:Mindaugas
775:Jauniūnai
773:proposed
755:Lithuania
684:Estonians
680:Curonians
672:Livonians
644:Samogitia
632:Lithuania
572:Oeselians
568:Selonians
560:Curonians
395:Lindanise
137:Livonians
73:56°6′54″N
65:Uncertain
43:Jauniūnai
1230:Archived
1192:Archived
1188:Delfi.lt
1048:(1998).
1027:June 27,
913:Archived
883:Archived
839:Archived
835:Delfi.lt
801:See also
759:Vecsaule
743:Schaulen
735:Šiauliai
717:Location
701:Vykintas
664:Holstein
618:and the
181:Strength
175:Vykintas
61:Location
1151:Kernavė
953:102–103
787:Pamūšis
783:sundial
747:Latvian
656:Prussia
624:Estonia
608:Volkwin
576:Daugava
544:Volkwin
524:Latvian
456:Skuodas
405:Tallinn
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