699:(長蛇陣), or "Long Snake" formation, with many ships advancing in a line, and attacked straight into the Japanese fleet. Overwhelmed by the Joseon fleet, the Japanese navy abandoned their ships and fled to the coast where their army was stationed. The Japanese army and navy joined their forces and attacked the Joseon fleet from the nearby hills in desperation. The Joseon fleet shot arrows from their ships to defend and restrict their attacks and, in the meantime, concentrated on their cannon fire on destroying Japanese vessels. The Korean ships fired on the Japanese fleet and burned them using
713:
those of the samurai. In addition, the Joseon soldiers were exhausted from long sea travel and battle, and would have been heavily outnumbered on land. Up to that point, Commander Yi had not fought with numbers of soldiers, but rather with ships and cannons. Yi reinforced disadvantages in number of soldiers with heavy use of firearms. The
Japanese also had a well-trained cavalry, which was another aspect the Joseon army lacked. In the Joseon fleet, Yi lost one of his cherished officers, by the name of Woon.
815:
In a later engagement more than seventy
Japanese vessels, including warships and transports were encountered by the Allied fleet and were sunk. The devastating blow which has been dealt to the Japanese fleet has isolated the enemy armies in Korea and has cut them off from their home bases. The naval
725:
After this battle, the
Japanese forces lost the control of the sea. The devastating blow dealt to the Japanese fleet isolated their armies in Korea and cut them off from their home bases. Since the Japanese forces realized the importance of the defensive lines of Busan Bay to secure the supply line,
721:
Yi Sun Shin originally intended to destroy all the remaining
Japanese ships, however, he realized that doing so would effectively trap the Japanese soldiers on the Korean Peninsula, where they would travel inland and slaughter the natives. Therefore, Yi left a small number of Japanese ships unharmed
777:
Some
Japanese argued that the result was a strategic victory of Japan, with references to the official history of the Joseon and referencing the military mails between Japanese Daimyo. They argue that the Korean navy, which had repeatedly made sorties until now, ceased conspicuous activities after
712:
In terms of size, the Joseon ships were one-third that of
Japanese ships. Although commander Yi destroyed over 100 ships, he did not order his soldiers to pursue the Japanese on shore, probably because he recognized that close hand-to-hand combat skills of the Joseon were significantly weaker than
835:
It is important in the history of Joseon's naval warfare, since it was the only sea battle, out of the ten fought during the year, in which Joseon attacked the
Japanese naval base with relatively inferior fire power. In spite of the loss of Chong Woon, one of Yi's staff who was shot during the
619:
on July 8, the
Japanese had to change their war strategy. Their strategy was to deliver more land forces and supplies by sea to the northern part of the Korean peninsula and then they would march into Ming China. With the failure of this strategy, Japanese troops in the northern provinces of
1452:
703:
while the
Japanese fired on them from above in their forts. Even with cannons captured at Busan, the Japanese did little damage to the Korean warships. By the time the day had ended, 128 Japanese ships had been destroyed. Yi Sun-sin gave orders to withdraw, ending the battle.
769:
attacked the Busan bay on vast numbers of ships, but the
Japanese soldiers did not fight, and climbed to higher position and shot an arquebus. Thus Josen marines were unable to land then after burning 400 empty ships, Yi's fleet retreated. 鹿島萬戶 Chong
1587:
1065:
753:, which is one the official history record summarized this battle as strategic failure as follows, "李舜臣等攻釜山賊屯, 不克。 倭兵屢敗於水戰, 聚據釜山、東萊, 列艦守港。 舜臣與元均悉舟師進攻, 賊斂兵不戰, 登高放丸, 水兵不能下陸, 乃燒空船四百餘艘而退。 鹿島萬戶鄭運居前力戰, 中丸死, 舜臣痛惜之。". This can be translated as follows, "
1424:
669:
and focused on protecting and rebuilding their positions. Commander Yi sent spy ships to Busan port and found out there were about 470 warships there. Commander Yi believed that the Japanese were retreating to their country, so
694:
Off the coast of Busan, the united Joseon fleet realized that the Japanese navy had readied their ships for battle, and the Japanese army had stationed themselves around the shoreline. The united Joseon fleet assembled in the
2232:
SILK and Silver: Macau, Manila and Trade in the China Seas in the Sixteenth Century (A lecture delivered to the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society at the Hong Kong Club. 10 June 1980). The HKUL Digital
624:
had to suffer from starvation and shortages of supplies. To invade China, they needed to secure war supply routes. The alternate plan was to advance troops and supplies by roads, but this route was blocked by the
324:
836:
battle, Yi achieved an enormous victory in sinking over 100 ships in this one battle alone. As winter crept in, the two parties found naval operations impossible and rode at anchor for the duration of the season.
1591:
1069:
1898:
Noon-eu-ro Bo-nen Han-gook-yauk-sa 5: Gor-yeo Si-dae (눈으로 보는 한국역사 5: 고려시대), Park Doo-ui, Bae Keum-ram, Yi Sang-mi, Kim Ho-hyun, Kim Pyung-sook, et al., Joog-ang Gyo-yook-yaun-goo-won. 1998-10-30. Seoul,
1490:
686:(多大浦), and at Jeolyoungdo (絶影島). The combined Joseon fleet defeated the Japanese navy repeatedly, largely as a result of their well-trained sailors and the Joseon ships' medium- and long-range cannons.
778:
this battle until the February of the following year. They argue that the Japanese supply routes were never cut off, mentioning that this was the first and last time that Yi Sun-sin appeared in Busan.
2287:
1654:
1399:
1361:
1165:
944:
757:
and his fleet attacked Busan where the enemy forces stationed, but failed to defeat them. Since Japanese soldiers were often defeated in sea fights, they gathered in the fortress in Busan and
317:
1420:
1616:
1087:
310:
781:
However, in dozens of the sources like Joseon's official compendium(李忠武公全書) which is also the primary historical source written by the bureaucrats of the Korean government,
267:
1446:
816:
action, which stretched over a period of several days, was broken off in the mid-summer of the year 1592. The naval forces were under the command of the Korean Admiral
722:
and withdrew his navy to resupply. And just as Yi suspected, under the cover of darkness, the remaining Japanese soldiers boarded their remaining ships and retreated.
855:
had been astonishingly successful. It had destroyed fully a quarter of the Japanese fleet at a cost of just five men killed, twenty-five wounded, and no ships lost.
742:
Korean, Japanese, British, and American historians say that the Joseon navy won this battle and the Japanese military lost control of the seas around the Joseon.
599:
stationed at Busan, and its main objective was to recapture Busan, which would thoroughly cutoff the supply line of the Japanese army. In this battle, officer
1638:
1383:
1345:
1149:
941:
260:
840:
171:
163:
155:
1612:
1261:
1083:
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united their fleets, for a total of 166 vessels. On their way to Busan, Commander Yi defeated 24 Japanese ships at Seopyeongpo (西平浦), at the
789:
on the spot), British history books, and American history books, it was recorded as the Korean navy decisively defeating the Japanese navy.
2116:
Swope, Kenneth M. (2005), "Crouching Tigers, Secret Weapons: Military Technology Employed During the Sino-Japanese-Korean War, 1592–1598",
2077:
2016:
253:
334:
151:
2144:
Swope, Kenneth M. (December 2002), "Deceit, Disguise, and Dependence: China, Japan, and the Future of the Tributary System, 1592–1596",
1998:
Admiral Yi Sun-shin and His Turtleboat Armada: A Comprehensive Account of the Resistance of Korea to the 16th Century Japanese Invasion
1530:
1017:
603:
and six soldiers died, the Japanese lost over 100 ships, and the Japanese military lost control of the seas around the Joseon.
17:
1692:
977:
674:
Province Governor (慶尙右水營) Kim Soo requested that Commander Yi block their sea route. Therefore, Commander Yi with Commanders
746:
also referred to the battle as a Joseon decisive victory and resulted in the Japanese military losing control of the seas.
1905:
Kim, Ki-chung (Fall 1999), "Resistance, Abduction, and Survival: The Documentary Literature of the Imjin War (1592–8)",
2292:
649:'s navy won against the Japanese navy around mid-July, they remained silent for nearly a month. In mid-August Japanese
2251:
2221:
2194:
2103:
Swope, Kenneth M. (2006), "Beyond Turtleboats: Siege Accounts from Hideyoshi's Second Invasion of Korea, 1597–1598",
2038:
1887:
1861:
1785:
1301:
1215:
844:
942:
https://www.nytimes.com/1944/10/10/archives/nimitz-startles-reporters-with-communique-of-victory-off-korea-adds.html
1716:, Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch ; Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, 251p (2005)
1514:, Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch ; Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, 251p (2005)
1240:
1190:
1001:, Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch ; Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, 251p (2005)
726:
they tried to bring the west area of Busan under their control, when the Joseon navy came. This attempt led to the
653:'s army, Kimura's army, and Okamoto's army retreated from Hanyang, the later capital of the Joseon dynasty, to
277:
1332:
1321:
1285:
800:
796:
750:
403:
592:
2282:
448:
2297:
908:
903:
863:
483:
428:
159:
633:"). Many Korean civilians and Buddhist monks formed a voluntary army and attacked Japanese troops.
1265:
545:
515:
398:
2075:
Stramigioli, Giuliana (December 1954), "Hideyoshi's Expansionist Policy on the Asiatic Mainland",
1918:
Kim, Yung-sik (1998), "Problems and Possibilities in the Study of the History of Korean Science",
662:
642:
616:
438:
368:
2277:
1055:
Stephen Turnbull, Samurai Invasion: Japan's Korean War 1592 -1598, Cassell; First edition(2002)
463:
291:
115:
2174:
A Dragon's Head and a Serpent's Tail: Ming China and the First Great East Asian War, 1592–1598
2272:
898:
731:
727:
591:
engagement that took place on 1 September(Lunar calendar) 1592 during the first phase of the
540:
530:
498:
488:
478:
2014:
Sadler, A. L. (June 1937), "The Naval Campaign in the Korean War of Hideyoshi (1592–1598)",
730:
in October 1592, in which General Kim Si-min triumphed over 20,000 Japanese troops, and the
1550:
Yi Sun shin(translated by 北島万次) Nanjung ilgi (乱中日記 : 壬辰倭乱の記錄), 平凡社 Press, Tokyo (2000)
1037:
Yi Sun shin(translated by 北島万次) Nanjung ilgi (乱中日記 : 壬辰倭乱の記錄), 平凡社 Press, Tokyo (2000)
828:
587:
managed to destroy over 100 Japanese ships and retreated with minimal casualties. It was a
413:
302:
8:
2302:
1524:
1011:
804:
388:
2183:
2161:
2133:
2064:
1943:
1935:
1828:
1820:
683:
596:
453:
358:
184:
61:
1803:
Brown, Delmer M. (May 1948), "The Impact of Firearms on Japanese Warfare, 1543–1598",
877:
era also summarized this battle as a Korean decisive victory. Furthermore, the modern
2247:
2217:
2190:
2165:
2137:
2034:
1947:
1883:
1857:
1832:
1781:
1646:
1639:"Nimitz Startles Reporters With Communique Of Victory Off Korea, Adds It Was in 1592"
1391:
1384:"Nimitz Startles Reporters With Communique Of Victory Off Korea, Adds It Was in 1592"
1353:
1346:"Nimitz Startles Reporters With Communique Of Victory Off Korea, Adds It Was in 1592"
1157:
1150:"Nimitz Startles Reporters With Communique Of Victory Off Korea, Adds It Was in 1592"
937:
792:
743:
555:
550:
493:
473:
458:
443:
418:
373:
353:
176:
2153:
2125:
2056:
2007:
Strategic And Operational Aspects of Japan's Invasions of Korea 1592–1598 1993-6-18
1927:
1812:
1688:
1486:
973:
525:
423:
408:
393:
363:
143:
2157:
1676:
The East Asian War, 1592-1598 ; International relations, violence, and memory
1474:
The East Asian War, 1592-1598 ; International relations, violence, and memory
961:
The East Asian War, 1592-1598 ; International relations, violence, and memory
774:) was shot and died during the hard fighting, and Yi Sun deeply regret the lost."
1970:
Niderost, Eric (June 2001), "Turtleboat Destiny: The Imjin War and Yi Sun Shin",
948:
874:
860:
520:
468:
383:
893:
824:
630:
535:
433:
378:
180:
67:
31:
2266:
1650:
1395:
1357:
1161:
771:
734:
in June 1593, in which Japanese forces finally captured the castle in Jinju.
650:
600:
188:
139:
808:
782:
167:
2129:
1297:
1211:
245:
762:
754:
700:
612:
110:
1236:
1186:
1824:
913:
817:
671:
654:
646:
127:
2068:
1939:
918:
881:
870:
679:
657:
Province. Around this time, most of the Japanese troops retreated to
234:
206:
135:
46:
1957:
Neves, Jaime Ramalhete (1994), "The Portuguese in the Im-Jim War?",
1816:
2060:
1931:
766:
675:
584:
131:
1983:
Niderost, Eric (January 2002), "The Miracle at Myongnyang, 1597",
758:
579:) (釜山浦 海戰) was a naval bombardment of anchored Japanese ships at
785:, military reports (which were written by on-scene commander in
658:
621:
1882:, The Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch/UC Berkeley Press,
878:
867:
852:
847:, earning BA and MA degrees, described the battle like this:
786:
666:
580:
80:
2288:
Naval battles of the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)
2090:
Strauss, Barry (Summer 2005), "Korea's Legendary Admiral",
1872:
The Great East Asian War and the Birth of the Korean Nation
737:
588:
332:
2047:
Sohn, Pow-key (April–June 1959), "Early Korean Painting",
1778:
Asian Security Order: Instrumental and Normative Features
1953:桑田忠親 , ed., 舊參謀本部編纂, , 朝鮮の役 (日本の戰史 Vol. 5), 1965.
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1106:
1104:
1734:李舜臣, 亂中日記草 ; 壬辰狀草, 朝鮮史編修會 編, 京城, 朝鮮總督府 昭和10 (1935)
1577:李舜臣, 亂中日記草 ; 壬辰狀草, 朝鮮史編修會 編, 京城, 朝鮮總督府 昭和10 (1935)
636:
661:
to secure their munitions. In addition, following the
1116:
1101:
807:, commanding Allied air, land, and sea forces during
2182:
595:. It was a Korean surprise attack on the fleet of
615:'s fleet decisively defeated the Japanese in the
2264:
1613:"壬辰狀草 제 4차 부산포 승첩을 아뢰는 계본 (만력 20년(1592) 9월 17일)"
1084:"壬辰狀草 제 4차 부산포 승첩을 아뢰는 계본 (만력 20년(1592) 9월 17일)"
1637:Times, Telephone To the New York (1944-10-10).
1382:Times, Telephone To the New York (1944-10-10).
1344:Times, Telephone To the New York (1944-10-10).
1148:Times, Telephone To the New York (1944-10-10).
2092:MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military History
1854:'Nanjung ilgi: War Diary of Admiral Yi Sun-sin
1839:Eikenberry, Karl W. (1988), "The Imjin War",
1752:李舜臣と秀吉 : 文禄・慶長の海戦 片野次雄 著. 誠文堂新光社, 1983.7
1529:. Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch. 2005.
1016:. Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch. 2005.
318:
261:
2185:Samurai Invasion: Japan's Korean War 1592–98
2078:Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan
2017:Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan
1811:(3), Association for Asian Studies: 236–53,
1796:The Formation of a Japanocentric World Order
2111:(2), Academy of East Asian Studies: 177–206
2074:
884:also said the battle was a Korean victory.
859:Even the books which were published by the
275:
1838:
325:
311:
268:
254:
2004:
2229:
2211:
2202:
2180:
2049:Journal of the American Oriental Society
1982:
1969:
1798:, International Journal of Asian Studies
1775:
738:Arguments about the result of the battle
2124:, Society for Military History: 11–42,
2089:
1869:
1559:李舜臣, 李忠武公全書, 金屬活字本(丁酉字),內閣, 正祖 19(1795)
1046:李舜臣, 李忠武公全書, 金屬活字本(丁酉字),內閣, 正祖 19(1795)
336:Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)
14:
2265:
2105:Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies
2028:
2013:
1877:
1851:
1526:the National Assembly Library of Japan
1135:
1110:
1013:the National Assembly Library of Japan
827:who is the University Lecturer at the
801:Commander in Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet
2205:The Samurai Invasion of Korea 1592-98
2171:
2143:
2115:
2102:
1956:
1802:
1793:
1636:
1444:
1381:
1343:
1147:
306:
249:
2046:
1995:
1895:
1852:Ha, Tae-hung; Sohn, Pow-key (1977),
689:
637:Formation of the united Joseon fleet
27:Naval battle between Korea and Japan
1917:
1904:
1421:"조선왕조실록 : 요청하신 페이지를 찾을 수 없습니다"
843:, an American historian trained at
24:
2243:The Naval Battles of the Imjin War
2238:
1451:(Thesis) (in Japanese). 国立情報学研究所.
25:
2314:
1725:李舜臣, 李忠武公全書, 朝鮮硏究會,京城 , 大正6(1917)
1568:李舜臣, 李忠武公全書, 朝鮮硏究會,京城 , 大正6(1917)
1237:"The Imjin war, Yi sun sin: VANK"
1187:"The Imjin war, Yi sun sin: VANK"
940:, New York Times, Oct, 10, 1944.
761:, which guarded the naval ships.
665:, the Japanese navy retreated to
571:of 1592 (or more accurately, the
229:6 killed (including Officer Jung)
2146:The International History Review
1761:李舜臣覚書 Books 藤居信雄 著. 古川書房, 1982.7
831:described the battle like this:
811:described the battle like this:
2118:The Journal of Military History
1768:
1755:
1746:
1737:
1728:
1719:
1706:
1695:from the original on 2015-10-05
1681:
1668:
1657:from the original on 2023-03-21
1630:
1619:from the original on 2015-09-23
1605:
1580:
1571:
1562:
1553:
1544:
1533:from the original on 2015-10-01
1517:
1504:
1493:from the original on 2023-03-23
1479:
1466:
1455:from the original on 2023-03-23
1438:
1427:from the original on 2016-11-09
1413:
1402:from the original on 2023-03-21
1375:
1364:from the original on 2023-03-21
1337:
1326:
1315:
1304:from the original on 2013-12-03
1290:
1279:
1254:
1243:from the original on 2012-03-17
1229:
1218:from the original on 2013-12-03
1204:
1193:from the original on 2012-03-17
1179:
1168:from the original on 2023-03-21
1141:
1090:from the original on 2015-09-23
1076:
1020:from the original on 2015-10-01
980:from the original on 2015-10-05
795:who played a major role in the
2176:, University of Oklahoma Press
1743:智将李舜臣龍と伝説 , 金永治雄 . 叢文社, 2008.9
1678:, Routledge Press, 126p (2014)
1476:, Routledge Press, 126p (2014)
1058:
1049:
1040:
1031:
1004:
991:
966:
963:, Routledge Press, 126p (2014)
953:
931:
707:
13:
1:
2158:10.1080/07075332.2002.9640980
2033:, Stanford University Press,
2005:Rockstein, Edward D. (1993),
1780:, Stanford University Press,
924:
797:naval history of World War II
606:
2031:A History of Japan 1334–1615
1870:Haboush, JaHyun Kim (2016),
1588:"Tokyo university's Library"
1066:"Tokyo university's Library"
851:The Korean navy's attack on
751:Annals of the Joseon Dynasty
7:
1856:, Yonsei University Press,
887:
593:Japanese invasions of Korea
10:
2319:
2212:Turnbull, Stephen (1998),
2203:Turnbull, Stephen (2008),
2181:Turnbull, Stephen (2002),
2172:Swope, Kenneth M. (2009),
1776:Alagappa, Muthiah (2003),
803:, and Commander in Chief,
29:
2293:South Gyeongsang Province
2241:Imjin Wae-ran Haejeonsa:
1805:The Far Eastern Quarterly
909:Military history of Japan
904:Military history of Korea
864:Governor-General of Korea
716:
344:
287:
220:
194:
121:
104:
52:
44:
39:
1896:Jang, Pyun-soon (1998),
1794:Arano, Yasunori (2005),
30:Not to be confused with
2230:Villiers, John (1980),
2207:, Osprey Publishing Ltd
2029:Sansom, George (1961),
1996:Park, Yune-hee (1973),
1985:Osprey Military Journal
1878:Hawley, Samuel (2005),
1445:小川 隆章 (31 March 2022).
663:Battle of Hansan Island
643:Battle of Hansan Island
279:Admiral Yi 4th Campaign
2239:Yi, Min-woong (2004),
2214:The Samurai Sourcebook
857:
838:
822:
292:Busanpo (Busan Harbor)
240:128 warships destroyed
122:Commanders and leaders
18:Battle of Pusan (1592)
2130:10.1353/jmh.2005.0059
899:List of naval battles
849:
833:
813:
645:, in which commander
510:1597–1598 Jeongyu War
221:Casualties and losses
32:Siege of Busan (1592)
2246:, Chongoram Media ,
2216:, Cassell & Co,
2189:, Cassell & Co,
1448:李舜臣と文禄・慶長の役の海戦に関する考察
829:University of Oxford
2009:, Naval War College
1298:"Untitled Document"
1212:"Untitled Document"
805:Pacific Ocean Areas
577:Battle of Busan Bay
348:1592–1594 Imjin War
66:September 1, 1592 (
1643:The New York Times
1388:The New York Times
1350:The New York Times
1154:The New York Times
947:2021-07-19 at the
845:Queen's University
684:Battle of Dadaejin
617:Battle of Hansando
597:Toyotomi Hideyoshi
62:Gregorian Calendar
2283:Conflicts in 1592
2020:, Second Series,
2000:, Shinsaeng Press
1972:Military Heritage
1959:Review of Culture
938:Chester W. Nimitz
793:Chester W. Nimitz
744:Chester W. Nimitz
690:Battle of Busanpo
573:Battle of Busanpo
564:
563:
300:
299:
244:
243:
177:Wakisaka Yasuharu
100:
99:
60:October 5, 1592 (
16:(Redirected from
2310:
2298:History of Busan
2256:
2235:
2226:
2208:
2199:
2188:
2177:
2168:
2140:
2112:
2099:
2086:
2081:, Third Series,
2071:
2043:
2025:
2010:
2001:
1992:
1979:
1966:
1950:
1914:
1901:
1892:
1874:
1866:
1848:
1835:
1799:
1790:
1762:
1759:
1753:
1750:
1744:
1741:
1735:
1732:
1726:
1723:
1717:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1685:
1679:
1674:James B. Lewis,
1672:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1662:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1624:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1590:. Archived from
1584:
1578:
1575:
1569:
1566:
1560:
1557:
1551:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1521:
1515:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1483:
1477:
1472:James B. Lewis,
1470:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1341:
1335:
1330:
1324:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1309:
1294:
1288:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1264:. Archived from
1258:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1223:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1173:
1145:
1139:
1133:
1114:
1108:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1095:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1068:. Archived from
1062:
1056:
1053:
1047:
1044:
1038:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1008:
1002:
995:
989:
988:
986:
985:
970:
964:
959:James B. Lewis,
957:
951:
935:
611:After commander
339:
337:
327:
320:
313:
304:
303:
282:
280:
270:
263:
256:
247:
246:
148:
54:
53:
37:
36:
21:
2318:
2317:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2254:
2224:
2197:
2152:(4): 757–1008,
2041:
1890:
1864:
1841:Military Review
1817:10.2307/2048846
1788:
1771:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1756:
1751:
1747:
1742:
1738:
1733:
1729:
1724:
1720:
1712:Samuel Hawley,
1711:
1707:
1698:
1696:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1673:
1669:
1660:
1658:
1635:
1631:
1622:
1620:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1597:
1595:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1576:
1572:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1536:
1534:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1510:Samuel Hawley,
1509:
1505:
1496:
1494:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1471:
1467:
1458:
1456:
1443:
1439:
1430:
1428:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1405:
1403:
1380:
1376:
1367:
1365:
1342:
1338:
1331:
1327:
1320:
1316:
1307:
1305:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1284:
1280:
1271:
1269:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1246:
1244:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1221:
1219:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1196:
1194:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1171:
1169:
1146:
1142:
1134:
1117:
1109:
1102:
1093:
1091:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1023:
1021:
1010:
1009:
1005:
997:Samuel Hawley,
996:
992:
983:
981:
972:
971:
967:
958:
954:
949:Wayback Machine
936:
932:
927:
890:
875:Empire of Japan
740:
728:Battle of Jinju
719:
710:
692:
639:
609:
569:Battle of Busan
565:
560:
505:1595–1596 Truce
340:
335:
333:
331:
301:
296:
283:
278:
276:
274:
232:
230:
187:
183:
179:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
144:
138:
134:
130:
94:Joseon victory
84:
65:
40:Battle of Busan
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2316:
2306:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2236:
2227:
2222:
2209:
2200:
2195:
2178:
2169:
2141:
2113:
2100:
2087:
2072:
2061:10.2307/595851
2044:
2039:
2026:
2011:
2002:
1993:
1980:
1978:(6): 50–59, 89
1967:
1954:
1951:
1932:10.1086/649280
1922:, 2nd Series,
1915:
1907:Korean Culture
1902:
1893:
1888:
1875:
1867:
1862:
1849:
1836:
1800:
1791:
1786:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1754:
1745:
1736:
1727:
1718:
1705:
1680:
1667:
1629:
1604:
1579:
1570:
1561:
1552:
1543:
1516:
1503:
1478:
1465:
1437:
1412:
1374:
1336:
1325:
1314:
1289:
1278:
1253:
1228:
1203:
1178:
1140:
1138:, p. 250.
1115:
1113:, p. 246.
1100:
1075:
1072:on 2015-10-01.
1057:
1048:
1039:
1030:
1003:
990:
965:
952:
929:
928:
926:
923:
922:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
894:Siege of Busan
889:
886:
825:James B. Lewis
739:
736:
732:Siege of Jinju
718:
715:
709:
706:
691:
688:
638:
635:
631:Righteous Army
608:
605:
562:
561:
559:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
516:Chilcheollyang
512:
511:
507:
506:
502:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
350:
349:
345:
342:
341:
330:
329:
322:
315:
307:
298:
297:
295:
294:
288:
285:
284:
273:
272:
265:
258:
250:
242:
241:
238:
227:No ships lost
223:
222:
218:
217:
214:
213:
212:
209:
197:
196:
192:
191:
181:Kuki Yoshitaka
174:
124:
123:
119:
118:
113:
107:
106:
102:
101:
98:
97:
96:
95:
90:
86:
85:
78:
76:
72:
71:
68:Lunar calendar
58:
50:
49:
42:
41:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2315:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2278:1592 in Japan
2276:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2261:
2255:
2253:89-89722-49-7
2249:
2245:
2242:
2237:
2234:
2228:
2225:
2223:1-85409-523-4
2219:
2215:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2198:
2196:0-304-35948-3
2192:
2187:
2186:
2179:
2175:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2142:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2079:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2055:(2): 96–103,
2054:
2050:
2045:
2042:
2040:0-8047-0525-9
2036:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2012:
2008:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1903:
1900:
1894:
1891:
1889:89-954424-2-5
1885:
1881:
1880:The Imjin War
1876:
1873:
1868:
1865:
1863:89-7141-018-3
1859:
1855:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1789:
1787:0-8047-4629-X
1783:
1779:
1774:
1773:
1758:
1749:
1740:
1731:
1722:
1715:
1714:The Imjin War
1709:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1677:
1671:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1633:
1618:
1614:
1608:
1594:on 2015-10-01
1593:
1589:
1583:
1574:
1565:
1556:
1547:
1532:
1528:
1527:
1520:
1513:
1512:The Imjin War
1507:
1492:
1488:
1482:
1475:
1469:
1454:
1450:
1449:
1441:
1426:
1422:
1416:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1378:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1340:
1334:
1329:
1323:
1318:
1303:
1299:
1293:
1287:
1282:
1268:on 2020-06-21
1267:
1263:
1257:
1242:
1238:
1232:
1217:
1213:
1207:
1192:
1188:
1182:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1144:
1137:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1112:
1107:
1105:
1089:
1085:
1079:
1071:
1067:
1061:
1052:
1043:
1034:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1007:
1000:
999:The Imjin War
994:
979:
975:
969:
962:
956:
950:
946:
943:
939:
934:
930:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
891:
885:
883:
880:
876:
872:
869:
865:
862:
856:
854:
848:
846:
842:
841:Samuel Hawley
837:
832:
830:
826:
821:
819:
812:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
788:
784:
779:
775:
773:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
749:For example,
747:
745:
735:
733:
729:
723:
714:
705:
702:
698:
687:
685:
681:
677:
673:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
651:Kato Yoshiaki
648:
644:
634:
632:
628:
623:
618:
614:
604:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
513:
509:
508:
504:
503:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
484:3rd Pyongyang
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
449:2nd Pyongyang
447:
445:
442:
440:
439:Hansan Island
437:
435:
432:
430:
429:1st Pyongyang
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
351:
347:
346:
343:
338:
328:
323:
321:
316:
314:
309:
308:
305:
293:
290:
289:
286:
281:
271:
266:
264:
259:
257:
252:
251:
248:
239:
236:
228:
225:
224:
219:
215:
210:
208:
204:
203:
202:
199:
198:
193:
190:
189:Kato Yoshiaki
186:
185:Tōdō Takatora
182:
178:
175:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
147:
141:
137:
133:
129:
126:
125:
120:
117:
116:Japanese navy
114:
112:
109:
108:
103:
93:
92:
91:
88:
87:
82:
79:Off coast of
77:
74:
73:
69:
63:
59:
56:
55:
51:
48:
43:
38:
33:
19:
2273:1592 in Asia
2260:
2244:
2240:
2231:
2213:
2204:
2184:
2173:
2149:
2145:
2121:
2117:
2108:
2104:
2095:
2091:
2082:
2076:
2052:
2048:
2030:
2021:
2015:
2006:
1997:
1988:
1984:
1975:
1971:
1962:
1958:
1923:
1919:
1910:
1906:
1897:
1879:
1871:
1853:
1844:
1840:
1808:
1804:
1795:
1777:
1769:Bibliography
1757:
1748:
1739:
1730:
1721:
1713:
1708:
1697:. Retrieved
1683:
1675:
1670:
1659:. Retrieved
1642:
1632:
1621:. Retrieved
1607:
1596:. Retrieved
1592:the original
1582:
1573:
1564:
1555:
1546:
1535:. Retrieved
1525:
1519:
1511:
1506:
1495:. Retrieved
1481:
1473:
1468:
1457:. Retrieved
1447:
1440:
1429:. Retrieved
1415:
1404:. Retrieved
1387:
1377:
1366:. Retrieved
1349:
1339:
1328:
1317:
1306:. Retrieved
1292:
1281:
1270:. Retrieved
1266:the original
1256:
1245:. Retrieved
1231:
1220:. Retrieved
1206:
1195:. Retrieved
1181:
1170:. Retrieved
1153:
1143:
1092:. Retrieved
1078:
1070:the original
1060:
1051:
1042:
1033:
1022:. Retrieved
1012:
1006:
998:
993:
982:. Retrieved
968:
960:
955:
933:
858:
850:
839:
834:
823:
814:
809:World War II
791:
783:Nanjung ilgi
780:
776:
748:
741:
724:
720:
711:
696:
693:
640:
626:
622:Joseon Korea
610:
576:
572:
568:
566:
226:
211:92 hyeopseon
201:166 vessels
200:
172:Yi Eon-ryang
168:Eo Yeong-dam
164:Yi Yeong-nam
156:Song Hui-rip
145:
105:Belligerents
2233:Initiatives
1689:"Routledge"
1487:"Routledge"
1136:Hawley 2005
1111:Hawley 2005
974:"Routledge"
873:the during
763:Yi Sun Shin
755:Yi Sun Shin
708:Comparisons
701:fire arrows
613:Yi Sun Shin
546:2nd Sacheon
531:Myeongnyang
489:Byeokjegwan
404:Imjin River
399:1st Sacheon
216:470 vessels
111:Joseon navy
2303:Yi Sun-sin
2267:Categories
2098:(4): 52–61
1991:(1): 44–50
1913:(3): 20–29
1847:(2): 74–82
1699:2015-09-30
1661:2023-01-27
1623:2015-08-18
1598:2015-08-19
1537:2015-09-30
1497:2015-09-30
1459:2023-03-21
1431:2013-01-29
1406:2023-01-27
1368:2023-01-27
1308:2012-05-09
1272:2020-06-18
1247:2012-05-09
1222:2012-05-09
1197:2012-05-09
1172:2023-01-27
1094:2015-08-18
1024:2015-09-30
984:2015-09-30
925:References
914:Yi Sun Sin
882:historians
818:Yi Sun-sin
672:Gyeongsang
655:Gyeongsang
647:Yi Sun-sin
641:After the
607:Background
585:Yi Sun-sin
414:Danghangpo
231:25 wounded
128:Yi Sun-sin
2166:154827808
2138:159829515
2024:: 179–208
1948:143724260
1926:: 48–79,
1833:162924328
1651:0362-4331
1396:0362-4331
1358:0362-4331
1333:ko:부산포 해전
1322:ko:부산포 해전
1286:ko:부산포 해전
1162:0362-4331
919:Imjin War
871:historian
697:Jangsajin
680:Yi Eok Ki
541:2nd Ulsan
536:1st Ulsan
499:2nd Jinju
479:1st Jinju
464:2nd Busan
389:Jeokjinpo
354:1st Busan
235:Panokseon
207:Panokseon
152:Gweon Jun
140:Jung Woon
136:Yi Eok-gi
47:Imjin War
2085:: 74–116
1693:Archived
1655:Archived
1617:Archived
1531:Archived
1491:Archived
1453:Archived
1425:Archived
1400:Archived
1362:Archived
1302:Archived
1241:Archived
1216:Archived
1191:Archived
1166:Archived
1088:Archived
1018:Archived
978:Archived
945:Archived
888:See also
879:Japanese
868:Japanese
861:Japanese
767:Won Gyun
676:Won Gyun
627:Uibyeong
551:Suncheon
459:Yeongwon
454:Cheongju
419:Hamgyong
359:Dadaejin
195:Strength
132:Won Gyun
75:Location
45:Part of
1965:: 20–24
1825:2048846
759:Dongnae
601:Jung Un
556:Noryang
494:Haengju
474:Bukgwan
444:Angolpo
394:Gangwon
374:Chungju
364:Dongnae
237:damaged
160:Kim Wan
146:†
83:, Korea
2250:
2220:
2193:
2164:
2136:
2069:595851
2067:
2037:
1946:
1940:301878
1938:
1920:Osiris
1899:Korea.
1886:
1860:
1831:
1823:
1784:
1649:
1394:
1356:
1160:
717:Impact
659:Gimhae
526:Jiksan
521:Namwon
424:Yongin
409:Dangpo
369:Sangju
142:
89:Result
2162:S2CID
2134:S2CID
2065:JSTOR
1944:S2CID
1936:JSTOR
1829:S2CID
1821:JSTOR
1262:"장사진"
853:Busan
787:Busan
770:Woon(
667:Busan
589:naval
581:Busan
469:Yonan
384:Happo
81:Busan
2248:ISBN
2218:ISBN
2191:ISBN
2035:ISBN
1884:ISBN
1858:ISBN
1782:ISBN
1647:ISSN
1392:ISSN
1354:ISSN
1158:ISSN
866:and
765:and
678:and
567:The
434:Ichi
379:Okpo
233:few
57:Date
2154:doi
2126:doi
2057:doi
1928:doi
1813:doi
799:as
575:or
205:74
2269::
2160:,
2150:24
2148:,
2132:,
2122:69
2120:,
2107:,
2096:17
2094:,
2063:,
2053:79
2051:,
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