471:, one of Napier's cavalry regiments, began to position themselves in a line opposite the Talpurs troops, who began to fire on the regiment. Napier himself had to do much of the positioning of the troops, as he lacked experienced commanders within his regiments. As each regiment made its way to the battle, and into position, the fighting grew fierce between both sides. The Talpur troops were well entrenched in their position and, due to the terrain, Napier was unable to get an idea of just how far the Talpur line was and how well it was supported. Soon the British had brought up artillery as well, which opened fire on the Talpur troops in their trenches. As the British approached the left side of Talpur forces, they found themselves faced with heavy attack from the trees, where a large number of troops had positioned themselves.
150:
139:
107:
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34:
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was also very authoritarian with regard to the
British rule in the area, and wanted to see full control by the British. Napier himself was charged by Ellenborough to look into the matter of the Amirsโ duplicity, to find evidence of their suspicious behaviour, and to compile it into a report which he would submit to Ellenborough. However, due to the fact that Napier was fresh to the Sindh and knew none of the language which would allow him to understand the pieces of alleged evidence against the Amirs, he was left with a difficult task.
459:
522:
117:
483:
479:
swords against the
British. Seeing the desperation of the Talpur plight Amir Sher Mohammad left the battle at the suggestion of his commander, Hosh Mohammad Kambrani (also called Hosh Muhammad Shidi), with hopes that he might obtain another chance at victory over the British. Hosh Muhammad, on the other hand, stayed behind with the troops, fighting the British to the death.
427:
residence in
Hyderabad, except that which the women chose to retain as their own jewelry or possessions. Collection agents were appointed to mediate the confiscation of the wealth. Some of the women made good use of this opportunity to take large amounts of wealth with them, while others, fearful of the British appointees, gave up much of their possessions.
374:. Soon after, this would be taken a step further in the signing of a treaty pushed by the British that if needed British troops would be stationed permanently in the Sindh region for โthe protection of the Amirsโ. The Amirs however would have to pay for a British resident in Hyderabad, who would negotiate all relations between the British and the Amirs.
513:
further criticism from
England, the ownership of Sindh would remain with the British. The government in England did write to Napier and Ellenbourough, condemning the annexation and their actions. The actual province of Sindh was not as prosperous as Napier had hoped after capture, and for many years the British gained very little from its possession.
338:
366:. In 1809, the Amirs of Sindh signed a treaty of "friendship" with the British, who established a local representative in the city of Hyderabad. With this arrival of British influence within the region, the Amirs of Sindh lessened their internal struggles and turned instead to face this foreign presence.
430:
Around this time, Napier heard word of one of the Amirs, Sher
Mohammad, mustering troops to resist the British forces. Napier was under the impression that Sher Mohammad would offer little resistance as he had very little funds or weapons, and was therefore surprised to hear that he had almost 30,000
422:
In
February 1843, Amir Sodbar resided at Hyderabad Fort. While Sodbar was cooperative with the British, Napier was wary of him, and felt Sodbar was too much of a liability for the British, though the Amir was unaware of these feelings. As a result, when Napier asked Sodbar to send away Talpurs troops
377:
The
British maintained various policies among the different Amirs, so as to please each individual and divide them by dealing with them separately. Captain James Outram was initially in charge of these dealings, and he made significant progress with the Amirs, who began confiding in him. As a result,
385:
at the time, started interfering in the internal affairs of the Amirs as well as asking them for land which the
British desired. The British were supporting Shah Shujah Durrani's claims to the throne in Afghanistan. The Amirs, however, resented this proposal, which added to their discontent with the
442:
to other
British holdings. It was Napier's intent to hold off battle as long as he could so as to get the most reinforcements that he could manage. He was sent a message from Sher Mohammad, promising the safety of Napier and his men if he would give up the fort and the confiscated wealth. In reply,
413:
Ellenborough's reply urged Napier to find conclusive evidence of the actions of the Amirs - of which he had fairly little. His most incriminating piece of evidence was a letter supposedly written by the Amir, but which might easily have been a forgery, of which Napier was aware. As a result, Napier
405:
Napier was also very much of a mind to expand and tighten
British control. Previously Outram had been in charge of negotiations between the British and the Amirs and had been very lenient towards the Amirs, which they appreciated greatly. Napier, on the other hand, not only longed for campaign, but
409:
Napier's 200-page report was submitted to Ellenborough, who received it on November 3. The report was fairly inaccurate in its information about the Amirs, and Ellenborough sent his reply the day after as well as a draft of a new treaty to be made with the Amirs. The speed of the reply, as well as
397:
In 1841, the British appointed Charles Napier for service in India at the age of 59. The following year Napier arrived in Bombay on 26 August. Upon his arrival he was told of the situation that existed between the British and the Amirs, and that the Amirs were making trouble for the British. On 10
393:
The distrust between the British and the Amirs of Sindh continued to worsen, as both sides grew more and more suspicious of each other. Both sides continued on, feigning normality while both were aware of the other's mistrust. As a result of their distrust, the British began to keep a close eye on
369:
In 1838, the British representative had the Amirs sign a political residency treaty, allowing a British residency in the city of Hyderabad, which paved the way for further British involvement in the area. This same treaty also stipulated that the British would assist in negotiating the differences
499:
With the Talpurs dispersed, Napier returned to his men who celebrated their victor with three cheers. This battle would be one of the last major efforts by Sher Mohammad to resist against the British, which ended on 14 June when British troops surprised the Amir and captured three of his cannons.
389:
These relations took a turn for the worse when allegations were made that the Amirs were communicating with the Shah of Persia, a rival of Shah Shujah and the British. It was after this incident that the British made it clear to the Amirs of the Sindh that any further cooperation with any people
512:
The authorities in England were not pleased with the annexation of Sindh, and had in mind to restore the territory to the Amirs. However, thinking that the process of returning Sindh to its original owners would be difficult and that the forced resignation of Ellenborough and Napier would cause
478:
made a move to attack with the left wing of the British troops and crashed into the Talpur before they could do significant damage. Meanwhile, on the right wing British soldiers charged the Talpur lines, piling over their trenches where the tightly packed Talpurs found difficulty in using their
508:
Following the British victory, and consequent annexation of Sindh, troubles quickly arose. Captain James Outram, who had been sent back to England following his posting in the Sindh, began to plead the case of the Amirs in England. Coupled with the new victory, stark criticism arose in England
490:
The British troops, seeing the centre of the Talpur line giving way, charged through the middle, dividing the Amir's line. About this time, Napier was almost killed when a magazine exploded nearby, killing some British soldiers near him, but sparing his life. One of Napier's commanders, after
426:
At first Napier was hesitant to hold Sodbar prisoner. However, after some of Sodbar's men resisted the British, against Sodbar's will, Napier decided to hold the Amir as a prisoner in Hyderabad Fort. Ellenborough gave orders for all treasure and articles of wealth to be seized from the Amir's
414:
wrote to Ellenborough again, telling him of the small pieces of evidence that he had and asked for Ellenborough's help in the situation. However, Ellenborough replied saying that he agreed with the verdict made by Napier - though he had not concretely stated one.
401:
Under Napier, British control saw some charity on their occupation of Sindh and the territory of the Amirs. There was a belief that the British were, in fact, improving life for many in the area, as they saw the Amirs as overly wealthy rulers over a poor people.
466:
On 24 March 1843 British troops, led by Sir Charles Napier, set out from Hyderabad to meet Sher Mohammad. After marching for some time, the British forces came upon the Amir's army. While waiting for the rest of the British army, the
495:
pressed on after them, cutting them off from escaping across the Indus. This strategic move on the part of the British stopped the Talpurs from regrouping with others and posing a threat to the British.
303:, was attacked by the Talpurs and forced to make a fort of the British residence, which they successfully defended until they finally escaped to a waiting river steamer. After the British victory at
450:, finding the Amir's army to be strong and holding excellent territory for defense. The next day, Napier received much needed reinforcements who arrived by ship, coming down the Indus from Sukkur.
491:
breaking through the Talpur's left wing then left the field, perhaps aiding later in cutting off the Talpur's retreat. The Amir's men, routed and disorganized, began to flee, and Napier with the
1379:
410:
the fact that it was accompanied by a drafted treaty, would indicate that Ellenborough had made his decision and the draft even before receiving Napier's report.
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After almost an hour of fire between both sides, Napier began to see an opportunity to break through a weak spot in the Amir's lines. The Scinde Horse and
183:
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from the Fort, Amir Sodbar complied. Napier then took control of the fort himself, raising the British flag and stationing troops there.
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towards both Ellenborough and Napier, who wrote, pleading their own case and arguing over the details of their dealings with the Amirs.
1143:
386:
British occupation. The Amirs refused to aid Shah Shujah in Afghanistan and, siding more with the Shah of Persia, angered the British.
275:, was one of the major campaigns of the British against Sindh, which was fought on 24 March 1843 between the forces of the British
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Sheedi. Charles Napier with a force of only 3,000 men but with artillery support stormed the city. During the battle,
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438:. Around the same time, Talpur soldiers began to attack British supply routes along the Indus as well as those from
378:
Outram was able to attain power over the Amirsโ foreign policy as well as to station his troops in the province.
1136:
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Upon hearing of Sher Mohammad's foreboding army, Napier immediately sent for reinforcements from Ferozepur and
1241:
300:
143:
1440:
1410:
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was killed and his forces routed; Talpurs resistance collapsed and Sindh came under British control.
25:
1186:
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208:
159:
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1415:
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42:
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The British East India company became involved in the region of Sindh (in what is modern day
331:
308:
154:
8:
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The Hyderabad war memorial details 39 EIC casualties suffered during the battle, naming:
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other than the British would lead to their destruction and their loss of rule in Sindh.
33:
363:
276:
188:
110:
86:
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On 20 March, Sir Charles Napier went out to reconnoiter Sher Mohammad's position near
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Noor Mohammed Khan, one of the most prominent Amirs, at his residence in Hyderabad.
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A History of the British Conquest of Afghanistan and Western India, 1838 to 1849,
731:
A History of the British Conquest of Afghanistan and Western India, 1838 to 1849,
718:
A History of the British Conquest of Afghanistan and Western India, 1838 to 1849,
705:
A History of the British Conquest of Afghanistan and Western India, 1838 to 1849,
689:
A History of the British Conquest of Afghanistan and Western India, 1838 to 1849,
676:
A History of the British Conquest of Afghanistan and Western India, 1838 to 1849,
658:
A History of the British Conquest of Afghanistan and Western India, 1838 to 1849,
304:
264:
1103:
A History of the British Conquest of Afghanistan and Western India, 1838 to 1849
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Tensions began to rise when the British, who were involved in the politics in
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Napier fired cannons from the fort as a sign that he would not surrender.
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British troops charge the Talpur lines (from a British book)
1267:
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His Highness Mir Sher Muhammad Khan Talpur "Sher-i-Sindh"
848:
A History of British Relations with Sind, 1613โ1843,
835:
A History of British Relations with Sind, 1613โ1843,
822:
A History of British Relations with Sind, 1613โ1843,
770:
A History of British Relations with Sind, 1613โ1843,
757:
A History of British Relations with Sind, 1613โ1843,
1050:
A history of British relations with Sind, 1613โ1843
634:
Mohammed Ayub Khuhro: A Life Of Courage In Politics
1402:
431:troops ready to be brought against the British.
194:1st Grenadier Regiment of Bombay Native Infantry
984:
982:
942:
940:
913:
911:
858:
856:
500:Sher Mohammad himself escaped to Afghanistan.
315:and attacked the Sindh capital of Hyderabad.
1137:
370:between the rulers of Sindh and those of the
318:Hyderabad was defended by 20,000 troops and
1086:. Great Britain: Gerald Duckworth &Co.
1032:The British Conquest and Dominion of India,
1019:The British Conquest and Dominion of India,
1003:The British Conquest and Dominion of India,
979:
937:
908:
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809:The British Conquest and Dominion of India,
796:The British Conquest and Dominion of India,
783:The British Conquest and Dominion of India,
699:
697:
670:
668:
666:
620:The British Conquest and Dominion of India,
1144:
1130:
1105:. United Kingdom: The Edwin Mellen Press.
1084:The British Conquest and Dominion of India
1069:. Great Britain: Oxford University Press.
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1011:
32:
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614:
612:
398:September 1842 Napier arrived in Sindh.
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344:
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299:. A small British force, led by Captain
1008:
636:. Oxford University Press. p. 18.
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1100:
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590:
1125:
1052:. Karachi: National Book Foundation.
584:
546:And summarising the casualties thus;
1431:Battles involving the United Kingdom
1151:
593:The Conquest of Scinde: A Commentary
268:
13:
14:
1457:
516:
539:CPT. Carrett 9th Bengal Cavalry.
184:1st Troop Bombay Horse Artillery
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214:22nd Cheshire Regiment of foot
1:
572:
311:continued his advance to the
1421:Hyderabad District, Pakistan
1082:Moon, Sir, Penderel (1989).
990:Sir Charles Napier and Sind,
974:Sir Charles Napier and Sind,
961:Sir Charles Napier and Sind,
948:Sir Charles Napier and Sind,
932:Sir Charles Napier and Sind,
919:Sir Charles Napier and Sind,
903:Sir Charles Napier and Sind,
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877:Sir Charles Napier and Sind,
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322:tribes under the command of
7:
1067:Sir Charles Napier and Sind
864:Sir Charles Napier and Sind
595:. Bibliolife. p. 451.
462:A British map of the battle
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209:25th Bombay Native Infantry
204:21st Bombay Native Infantry
199:12th Bombay Native Infantry
10:
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1334:Dodo Bin Khafef Soomro III
362:), under the authority of
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1436:Military history of Sindh
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1339:Sibghatullah Shah Rashidi
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1187:Caliphal province of Sind
1167:Indus Valley Civilisation
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1101:Wallis, Frank H. (2009).
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26:British conquest of Sindh
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18:
1380:Battle of Khari Khabarlo
1182:Brahmin dynasty of Sindh
476:3rd Bombay Light Cavalry
307:(also spelt Miani), Sir
271:), sometimes called the
160:Mir Sher Muhammad Talpur
1065:Lambrick, H.T. (1952).
1048:Duarte, Adrian (1976).
632:Khuhro, Hamida (1998).
58:; 181 years ago
39:The Battle of Hyderabad
591:Outram, James (2009).
550:1 - 3rd Bombay Cavalry
542:One drummer 21st B.N.I
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189:9th Bombay Light Horse
131:Commanders and leaders
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559:2 - 1st Grenadier N.I
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245:Casualties and losses
219:Poona Irregular Horse
332:Hosh Mohammad Sheedi
309:Charles James Napier
250:39 dead, 231 wounded
144:Captain James Outram
1370:Battle of Hyderabad
341:Sir Charles Napier
261:Battle of Hyderabad
19:Battle of Hyderabad
1375:Battle of Fatehpur
1348:Wars & battles
556:23 - 22nd Cheshire
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277:East India Company
223:36th Jacob's Horse
155:Sir Charles Napier
111:East India Company
87:East India Company
56:24 March 1843
1441:March 1843 events
1411:Conflicts in 1843
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1329:Dollah Darya Khan
1237:Bombay Presidency
1197:Emirate of Multan
602:978-0-559-94134-4
364:Lord Ellenborough
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95:
94:
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1426:History of Sindh
1385:Battle of Kachhi
1360:Battle of Halani
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562:1 - 12th B.N.I
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1147:
1142:
1140:
1135:
1133:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1114:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1033:
1027:
1020:
1014:
1012:
1004:
998:
991:
985:
983:
975:
969:
962:
956:
949:
943:
941:
933:
927:
920:
914:
912:
904:
898:
891:
885:
878:
872:
866:, p. 150โ151.
865:
859:
857:
849:
843:
836:
830:
823:
817:
810:
804:
797:
791:
784:
778:
771:
765:
758:
752:
745:
739:
732:
726:
719:
713:
706:
700:
698:
690:
684:
677:
671:
669:
667:
659:
653:
645:
643:969-0-01424-2
639:
635:
628:
621:
615:
613:
604:
598:
594:
587:
583:
577:
576:
567:
564:
561:
558:
555:
552:
549:
548:
547:
541:
538:
535:
534:
533:
528:
523:
514:
510:
501:
497:
494:
484:
480:
477:
472:
470:
460:
451:
449:
448:Tando Ali Jam
444:
441:
437:
432:
428:
424:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
384:
379:
375:
373:
367:
365:
361:
347:
339:
335:
333:
329:
328:Hosh Mohammad
325:
321:
316:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
266:
262:
252:
249:
248:
243:
239:
236:
235:
230:
226:
224:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
182:
181:
176:
173:
171:
165:
161:
158:
156:
145:
135:
134:
129:
126:
122:
118:
114:
112:
108:
104:
103:
98:
88:
85:
82:
81:
77:
73:
70:
69:
55:
52:
51:
47:
44:
40:
35:
30:
27:
22:
17:
1369:
1324:Hoshu Sheedi
1258:Mohenjo-daro
1119:
1102:
1083:
1066:
1049:
1031:
1026:
1018:
1005:pp. 574โ575.
1002:
997:
989:
973:
968:
960:
955:
947:
934:pp. 159โ160.
931:
926:
918:
902:
897:
889:
884:
876:
871:
863:
847:
842:
834:
829:
821:
816:
811:pp. 565โ566.
808:
803:
795:
790:
782:
777:
769:
764:
759:pp. 403โ404.
756:
751:
743:
738:
730:
725:
717:
712:
704:
688:
683:
675:
657:
652:
633:
627:
619:
592:
586:
545:
531:
511:
507:
498:
489:
473:
469:Scinde Horse
465:
445:
433:
429:
425:
421:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
380:
376:
368:
357:
349:James Outram
317:
301:James Outram
272:
260:
258:
169:
164:Hoshu Sheedi
100:Belligerents
43:George Jones
38:
1177:Rai dynasty
976:p. 164โ165.
921:p. 157โ158.
892:p. 154โ155.
383:Afghanistan
313:Indus River
281:Talpur Mirs
89:Victory and
1405:Categories
1075:B0007IXTEO
988:Lambrick,
972:Lambrick,
959:Lambrick,
946:Lambrick,
930:Lambrick,
917:Lambrick,
901:Lambrick,
888:Lambrick,
875:Lambrick,
862:Lambrick,
573:References
269:ฺุจู ุฌู ุฌฺูฏ
63:1843-03-24
1303:Hyderabad
1288:Agham Kot
527:Hyderabad
504:Aftermath
289:Hyderabad
1298:Khudabad
1283:Umer Kot
1273:Banbhore
1251:Capitals
846:Duarte,
833:Duarte,
820:Duarte,
755:Duarte,
742:Wallis,
729:Wallis,
716:Wallis,
703:Wallis,
687:Wallis,
674:Wallis,
656:Wallis,
418:Conflict
360:Pakistan
297:Pakistan
279:and the
232:Strength
71:Location
24:Part of
1308:Karachi
1160:Periods
1058:3072823
1042:Sources
1034:p. 576.
1021:p. 575.
992:p. 166.
963:p. 163.
950:p. 161.
905:p. 156.
879:p. 152.
850:p. 411.
837:p. 409.
824:p. 408.
798:p. 565.
785:p. 567.
772:p. 405.
768:Duarte,
746:p. 118.
733:p. 116.
720:p. 120.
707:p. 114.
691:p. 112.
678:p. 113.
660:p. 111.
622:p. 574.
440:Karachi
354:Prelude
305:Meeanee
227:unknown
170:†
121:Talpurs
61: (
1317:People
1293:Thatta
1109:
1090:
1073:
1056:
1030:Moon,
1017:Moon,
1001:Moon,
807:Moon,
794:Moon,
781:Moon,
640:
618:Moon,
599:
454:Battle
436:Sukkur
372:Punjab
320:Baloch
265:Sindhi
240:15,000
166:
83:Result
1263:Debal
578:Notes
293:Sindh
287:near
285:Sindh
253:2,000
237:6,000
125:Sindh
1268:Aror
1107:ISBN
1088:ISBN
1071:ASIN
1054:OCLC
638:ISBN
597:ISBN
326:and
259:The
53:Date
283:of
123:of
41:by
1407::
1010:^
981:^
939:^
910:^
855:^
696:^
665:^
611:^
295:,
291:,
267::
216:,
1145:e
1138:t
1131:v
1115:.
1096:.
1077:.
1060:.
646:.
605:.
263:(
211:,
206:,
201:,
196:,
191:,
186:,
65:)
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