913:
703:
chief of the group. We patched him up with first aid kits, mounted him on a horse, and took him to camp. He was a tough Indian, made hardly a groan and hung onto the saddle. If there were more hit we could not find them. Indians do not leave any wounded behind if they can possibly carry them along. One of my men spoke a mixture of
Spanish, and secured the information from a prisoner that about twenty others got away. I immediately sent Lieutenant Scott, who had joined the fight, to take a strong detail and search the country for a few miles. However they did not find anything of the remainder of the band. It was dark when we returned to camp. I sent some soldiers to try and get an automobile or any transportation at the mining camps for the wounded Yaqui, but none could be located until morning. He was sent to the Army hospital at Nogales and died that day. We collected all the packs and arms of the Indians. There were a dozen or more rifles, some .30-30
698:
Cavalrymen treated them with the respect due to fighting men. Especially astonishing was the discovery that one of the Yaquis was an eleven-year-old boy. The youngster had fought bravely alongside his elders, firing a rifle that was almost as long as he was tall. ...Though time has perhaps dimmed some details, the fact that this was my first experience under fire—and it was a hot one even though they were poor marksmen—most of the action was indelibly imprinted on my mind. After the Yaquis were captured we lined them up with their hands above their heads and searched them. One kept his hands around his middle. Fearing that he might have a knife to use on some trooper, I grabbed his hands and yanked them up. His stomach practically fell out. This was the man who had been hit by my corporal
232:
202:
214:
714:, lots of ammunition, powder and lead, and bullet molds. The next day when you and Capt. Pink Armstrong with Troop H came in from the squadron camp to relieve us, we pulled out for Nogales. The Yaquis were mounted on some extra animals, and not being horse-Indians were a sorry sight when we arrived in town. Some were actually stuck to the saddles from bloody chafing and raw blisters they had stoically endured during the trip. Those Yaquis were just as good fighting men as any
25:
742:
prisoners were later sent to Tucson for trial in federal court. Charged with "wrongfully, unlawfully, and feloniously exporting to Mexico certain arms and ammunition, to wit: 300 rifle cartridges and about 9 rifles without first procuring an export license issued by the War Trade Board of the United States," the Yaquis pleaded guilty and were sentenced by
636:, Philip C. Clarke, rode into camp and told Captain Ryder that his neighbor found the body of a cow in the mountains to the north and that a piece of its hide had been removed for making sandals. It was assumed that Yaquis killed the cow so Ryder strengthened the observation post on top of the ridge by sending up
697:
and after some scattered shooting the fight was over. Then upon command the troopers moved forward cautiously and surrounded them. This was a bunch of ten Yaquis, who had slowed the
Cavalry advance to enable most of their band to escape. It was a courageous stand by a brave group of Indians; and the
727:
About a week after the engagement, Captain Ryder was ordered to proceed to
Arivaca, where the Yaqui prisoners would be held until the army figured out what to do with them. According to Wharfield, the Yaquis proved to be reliable workers and adjusted well to life in the army. Even though they were
702:
s shot. He was wearing two belts of ammunition around his waist and more over each shoulder. The bullet had hit one of the cartridges in his belt, causing it to be exploded, making the flash of fire I saw. Then the bullet entered one side and came out the other, laying his stomach open. He was the
688:
The
Cavalry line maintained its forward movement, checked at times by the hostile fire, but constantly keeping contact with the Indians. Within thirty minutes or so the return shooting lessened. Then the troop concentrated heavy fire on a confined area containing a small group, which had developed
658:
and pointed toward a low ridge west of camp a quarter of a mile or more distant. The sentry hollered to First Sgt. Samuel H. Alexander, who was sitting under nearby mesquite with several other noncommissioned officers. The shout brought everyone to their feet. On the skyline of the ridge could be
741:
It was sometime during the stay at
Arivaca when one of the Yaquis revealed that they had only opened fire because they thought the Buffalo Soldiers coming at them were Mexicans. All ten of the Yaquis, including the boy, volunteered to enlist in the Army but the government had other plans and the
623:
Frederick H.L. "Blondy" Ryder and his Troop E, 10th
Cavalry, were ordered to occupy the Bear Valley camp for border patrol duty. A signalman was posted on top of the ridge who could communicate via hand signals with one of the sentries placed around the camp's perimeter. The rest of the soldiers
736:
Kept the campsite immaculately clean. At the corral nearly any droppings were allowed to hit the ground. During the day the
Indians would stand around watching the horses. Whenever a tail was lifted, out they rushed with their scoop shovels and caught it before the manure could contaminate the
674:
the fighting developed into an old kind of Indian engagement with both sides using all the natural cover of boulders and brush to full advantage. The Yaquis kept falling back, dodging from boulder to boulder and firing rapidly. They offered only a fleeting target, seemingly just a disappearing
552:
citrus groves. After receiving payment, the Yaquis would spend their money on weapons and ammunition and then return to Mexico to continue fighting. The fact that Yaquis were buying arms in
Arizona and smuggling them across the border became so well known that the military governor of Sonora,
584:, who were spread out to protect the various towns near the international border. A squadron size force from the 10th Cavalry was encamped about a half mile from the 35th Infantry at Nogales and a second squadron split up to occupy Lochiel and Campini. Smaller posts were also established at
665:" left a guard to watch the horses, and then continued advancing on foot in a skirmish line. Moving forward, the soldiers were nearing the top of a canyon side when Captain Ryder decided to return to the horses, using a different path. On the way down, the soldiers came across "
560:, informally requested help from the United States government in dealing with the problem. Furthermore, Arizona ranchers began reporting in larger numbers their encounters with armed Yaquis on their ranch land or the finding of butchered livestock on the range. Since the
675:
shadow. The officer saw one of them running for another cover, then stumble and thereby expose himself. A corporal alongside the captain had a good chance for an open shot. At the report of the
Springfield, a flash of fire enveloped the Indian
661:" By the time the soldiers left camp the Yaquis were no longer in sight but Lieutenant Scott kept pointing so the troop kept moving due south, towards the border fence. When the Americans were finally in position, they dismounted in a "
749:
to a mere thirty days in jail, excluding the boy whose charges were dismissed. Colonel
Wharfield wrote that "the sentence was preferable to the Yaquis who otherwise would be deported to Mexico and face possible execution as rebels."
689:
into a rear guard for the others. The fire effect soon stopped most of the enemy action. Suddenly a Yaqui stood up waving his arms in surrender. Captain Ryder immediately blew long blasts on his whistle for the order to
580:, responded to the reports by issuing orders to increase patrolling in the area. American forces in the area included the 35th Infantry Regiment, stationed at Camp Stephen D. Little in Nogales, and the 10th Cavalry
669:" which suggested that the Yaquis were very close and knew they were being pursued. Ryder then continued up the canyon, in a southeastern direction, when suddenly the Yaquis opened fire from concealed positions.
520:. A short firefight ensued, which resulted in the death of the Yaqui commander and the capture of nine others. Though the conflict was merely a skirmish, it was the last time the United States Army and
385:
659:
seen a long column of Indians crossing to the other side. The horses had been under saddle with loose cinches all day tied up in the corral; so within a few minutes the troop was mounted.
1392:
145:
378:
912:
1304:
371:
170:
327:
769:
322:
300:
599:
According to Colonel Harold B. Wharfield, who interviewed some of the participants in the Bear Valley fight and published his story in the book
640:
William Scott and a detail of men equipped with field glasses to watch the trails from a distance. According to Colonel Wharfield's book; "
1387:
874:
1142:
89:
61:
944:
939:
577:
536:
By 1918 the Yaqui people had been at war with Mexico for several years, the former hoping to establish an independent state in
42:
1355:
934:
68:
1412:
1382:
929:
293:
521:
75:
108:
615:
and a high ridge to the east, which provided an excellent view of the surrounding flatlands. After the January 1918
57:
1152:
1080:
980:
286:
1015:
1010:
867:
840:
46:
1137:
449:
1132:
1417:
1045:
970:
897:
1299:
1235:
995:
743:
624:
patrolled the trails leading in and out of the valley, watching for people wandering through the desert.
561:
332:
1294:
1253:
1117:
1075:
1377:
1289:
1020:
860:
352:
1402:
1397:
1197:
1127:
902:
82:
557:
1271:
1261:
1220:
1167:
564:
did not yet exist, the task of protecting the border was that of the army, which operated out of
35:
611:" often occurred and people were advised to travel in groups. The camp was built next to an old
1324:
1205:
1085:
804:
746:
454:
429:
1122:
985:
612:
501:
444:
439:
434:
213:
149:
10th Cavalry soldiers holding Yaqui prisoners at their camp in Bear Valley, January 9, 1918.
1109:
1060:
672:
The Americans returned fire and a typical Indian war skirmish began. Wharfield wrote that "
525:
397:
136:
548:. Many Yaquis were driven north by the war and some crossed the Arizona border to work in
8:
1407:
1172:
965:
419:
363:
516:, a large area that was commonly used as a passage across the international border with
1348:
1329:
1266:
1215:
1210:
990:
589:
545:
497:
342:
1225:
1162:
836:
616:
1070:
764:
704:
637:
585:
569:
513:
1187:
1065:
1055:
1030:
1005:
883:
729:
728:
prisoners, each one received three meals a day, a straw mattress for a bed and a
581:
549:
505:
414:
1243:
1177:
1050:
954:
620:
424:
337:
588:
and Oro Blanco and, finally, a troop of about thirty men maintained a camp at
1371:
1147:
1000:
708:
565:
524:
engaged in combat and thus has been seen as the final official battle of the
250:
231:
207:
975:
711:
633:
493:
217:
541:
1334:
1281:
1157:
1090:
1040:
1025:
1035:
833:
U.S.–Mexico borderlands : historical and contemporary perspectives
759:
310:
132:
805:"Huachuca Illustrated, volume 2, 1996: The Yaqui Fight in Bear Valley"
474:
459:
24:
852:
469:
684:
Captain Ryder wrote Colonel Wharfield the following for his book:
144:
737:
ground. It certainly helped in the decline of the fly population.
573:
554:
256:
174:
715:
650:
Upon acknowledgement from the camp sentry, he gave the message
537:
517:
509:
278:
642:
About the middle of the afternoon Lieutenant Scott signaled
393:
835:. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources. pp. 130–131.
1393:
Military history of the United States during World War I
492:
was a small engagement fought in 1918 between a band of
185:
United States victory, successful Yaqui delaying action.
500:
soldiers. On January 9, 1918, elements of the American
770:
United States involvement in the Mexican Revolution
603:, wrote that the camp was located in a dangerous "
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
679:s body for an instant, but he kept on to the rock.
632:On January 8, a local cattleman and owner of the
1369:
868:
379:
294:
16:1918 final battle of the American Indian Wars
875:
861:
732:blanket. Wharfield wrote that the Yaquis:
386:
372:
301:
287:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
830:
1370:
1356:Military history of African Americans
856:
609:unconfirmed mysterious disappearances
367:
282:
882:
826:
824:
799:
797:
795:
793:
791:
789:
787:
785:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1388:Battles involving the United States
13:
911:
14:
1429:
821:
782:
572:, Arizona subdistrict commander,
230:
212:
200:
143:
23:
601:Tenth Cavalry and Border Fights
34:needs additional citations for
308:
1:
775:
531:
898:United States Colored Troops
722:
544:and its confluence with the
508:detected about thirty armed
7:
1413:Battles involving the Yaqui
1383:Military history of Arizona
753:
562:United States Border Patrol
10:
1434:
1295:Second Battle of the Marne
831:MartĂnez, Oscar J (1996).
594:strategic natural crossing
1343:
1317:
1290:Third Battle of the Aisne
1280:
1252:
1234:
1196:
1108:
1099:
953:
922:
909:
890:
627:
512:in Bear Valley, west of
410:
318:
262:
243:
223:
193:
153:
142:
130:
125:
903:Bureau of Colored Troops
1300:Meuse–Argonne offensive
1262:Pancho Villa Expedition
1236:Philippine–American War
945:25th Infantry Regiment
667:hastily abandoned packs
58:"Battle of Bear Valley"
1325:Wham Paymaster Robbery
1086:William Othello Wilson
940:24th Infantry Regiment
916:
747:William Henry Sawtelle
739:
720:
596:" within Bear Valley.
455:Battle of Kelley Creek
333:RevoluciĂłn de los RĂos
224:Commanders and leaders
1198:Spanish–American War
986:George Ritter Burnett
935:10th Cavalry Regiment
915:
734:
686:
558:Plutarco ElĂas Calles
502:10th Cavalry Regiment
490:Battle of Bear Valley
465:Battle of Bear Valley
445:Crazy Snake Rebellion
440:Padre Canyon Incident
435:Battle of Sugar Point
263:Casualties and losses
126:Battle of Bear Valley
1305:Oise-Aisne Offensive
1110:American Indian Wars
1061:William H. Thompkins
930:9th Cavalry Regiment
663:shallow brushy draw,
526:American Indian Wars
496:and a detachment of
399:American Indian Wars
236:Frederick H.L. Ryder
137:American Indian Wars
43:improve this article
1418:January 1918 events
966:Edward L. Baker Jr.
705:Winchester carbines
1349:United States Army
1330:Brownsville Affair
991:Louis H. Carpenter
917:
605:uninhabited region
546:Gulf of California
540:, centered on the
498:United States Army
1365:
1364:
1313:
1312:
1163:Victorio Campaign
1123:Texas–Indian wars
483:
482:
361:
360:
277:
276:
189:
188:
119:
118:
111:
93:
1425:
1378:Buffalo Soldiers
1221:San Juan Heights
1173:Bannock Uprising
1106:
1105:
1100:Notable battles
1071:George H. Wanton
884:Buffalo Soldiers
877:
870:
863:
854:
853:
847:
846:
828:
819:
818:
816:
815:
801:
765:Bear Valley raid
701:
696:
692:
678:
657:
653:
649:
645:
638:First Lieutenant
582:Buffalo Soldiers
522:Native Americans
514:Nogales, Arizona
506:Buffalo Soldiers
420:Bannock Uprising
405:
402:
400:
388:
381:
374:
365:
364:
313:
303:
296:
289:
280:
279:
235:
234:
216:
206:
204:
203:
155:
154:
147:
123:
122:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1403:1918 in Arizona
1398:Battles in 1918
1368:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1339:
1309:
1276:
1248:
1230:
1192:
1188:Meeker Massacre
1101:
1095:
1066:Augustus Walley
1056:Freddie Stowers
1031:William McBryar
1006:Clinton Greaves
958:
949:
918:
907:
886:
881:
851:
850:
843:
829:
822:
813:
811:
809:net.lib.byu.edu
803:
802:
783:
778:
756:
725:
699:
694:
690:
676:
655:
654:enemy in sight,
651:
647:
643:
634:Ruby Mercantile
630:
590:Atascosa Canyon
534:
486:
485:
484:
479:
430:Apache Campaign
415:Renegade period
406:
403:
398:
395:
394:
392:
362:
357:
353:Cerro del Gallo
314:
309:
307:
272:
229:
201:
199:
177:
161:January 9, 1918
148:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1431:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1352:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1286:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1258:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1244:Moro Rebellion
1240:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1202:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1178:Yaqui Uprising
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1128:Beecher Island
1125:
1120:
1114:
1112:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1081:Moses Williams
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1051:Emanuel Stance
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
981:Benjamin Brown
978:
973:
968:
962:
960:
955:Medal of Honor
951:
950:
948:
947:
942:
937:
932:
926:
924:
923:Original units
920:
919:
910:
908:
906:
905:
900:
894:
892:
888:
887:
880:
879:
872:
865:
857:
849:
848:
841:
820:
780:
779:
777:
774:
773:
772:
767:
762:
755:
752:
724:
721:
629:
626:
617:New Year's Day
533:
530:
481:
480:
478:
477:
472:
470:Bluff Skirmish
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
425:Yaqui Uprising
422:
417:
411:
408:
407:
391:
390:
383:
376:
368:
359:
358:
356:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
319:
316:
315:
306:
305:
298:
291:
283:
275:
274:
269:
265:
264:
260:
259:
253:
246:
245:
241:
240:
237:
226:
225:
221:
220:
210:
196:
195:
191:
190:
187:
186:
183:
179:
178:
169:
167:
163:
162:
159:
151:
150:
140:
139:
128:
127:
121:
120:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1430:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1273:
1272:Ambos Nogales
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1168:Fort Tularosa
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1148:Red River War
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1104:
1098:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1016:George Jordan
1014:
1012:
1011:Henry Johnson
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
1001:Pompey Factor
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
963:
961:
956:
952:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
927:
925:
921:
914:
904:
901:
899:
896:
895:
893:
889:
885:
878:
873:
871:
866:
864:
859:
858:
855:
844:
838:
834:
827:
825:
810:
806:
800:
798:
796:
794:
792:
790:
788:
786:
781:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
757:
751:
748:
745:
738:
733:
731:
719:
717:
713:
710:
706:
685:
682:
680:
670:
668:
664:
660:
639:
635:
625:
622:
619:celebration,
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
597:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
578:35th Infantry
576:J.C. Friers,
575:
571:
567:
566:Fort Huachuca
563:
559:
556:
551:
547:
543:
539:
529:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
450:Last Massacre
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
412:
409:
401:
389:
384:
382:
377:
375:
370:
369:
366:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
320:
317:
312:
304:
299:
297:
292:
290:
285:
284:
281:
270:
267:
266:
261:
258:
254:
252:
251:light cavalry
248:
247:
242:
238:
233:
228:
227:
222:
219:
215:
211:
209:
208:United States
198:
197:
192:
184:
181:
180:
176:
172:
168:
165:
164:
160:
157:
156:
152:
146:
141:
138:
134:
129:
124:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1354:
1347:
1206:Las Guasimas
1182:
1138:Beaver Creek
1118:Saline River
976:Thomas Boyne
891:Predecessors
832:
812:. Retrieved
808:
740:
735:
726:
687:
683:
673:
671:
666:
662:
641:
631:
608:
604:
600:
598:
593:
535:
489:
487:
464:
347:
194:Belligerents
131:Part of the
105:
99:January 2013
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1335:Bisbee Riot
1282:World War I
1183:Bear Valley
1158:Apache Wars
1102:(1866–1918)
1091:Brent Woods
1046:Thomas Shaw
1041:Isaac Payne
1026:Isaiah Mays
971:Dennis Bell
959:(1866–1918)
957:recipients
693:cease fire,
404:(1895–1924)
348:Bear Valley
171:Bear Valley
1408:Yaqui Wars
1372:Categories
1254:Border War
1153:Wichita II
1143:North Fork
1036:Adam Paine
996:John Denny
842:0842024468
814:2018-11-15
776:References
760:Yaqui Wars
646:attention.
532:Background
311:Yaqui Wars
273:9 captured
133:Yaqui Wars
69:newspapers
1133:Wichita I
1076:John Ward
723:Aftermath
613:homestead
607:" where "
542:RĂo Yaqui
475:Posey War
460:Bluff War
1318:See also
1267:Carrizal
1226:Santiago
1216:El Caney
1211:Tayacoba
1021:Fitz Lee
754:See also
550:Tucson's
343:Mazocoba
271:1 killed
257:warriors
244:Strength
166:Location
712:Mausers
621:Captain
586:Arivaca
574:Colonel
570:Nogales
555:General
396:End of
338:Nogales
328:El Añil
239:unknown
175:Arizona
83:scholar
839:
716:Apache
709:German
628:Battle
568:. The
538:Sonora
518:Mexico
510:Yaquis
494:Yaquis
205:
182:Result
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
744:Judge
700:'
695:'
691:'
677:'
656:'
652:'
648:'
644:'
592:, a "
323:VĂcam
218:Yaqui
90:JSTOR
76:books
837:ISBN
730:G.I.
718:....
707:and
488:The
268:none
255:~30
249:~30
158:Date
62:news
504:of
45:by
1374::
823:^
807:.
784:^
681:"
528:.
173:,
135:,
876:e
869:t
862:v
845:.
817:.
387:e
380:t
373:v
302:e
295:t
288:v
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
