Northrop B-2 Spirit

688:(US$ 9.6 million annually) and over four times as much as the B-52H (US$ 6.8 million annually). In September 1997, each hour of B-2 flight necessitated 119 hours of maintenance. Comparable maintenance needs for the B-52 and the B-1B are 53 and 60 hours, respectively, for each hour of flight. A key reason for this cost is the provision of air-conditioned hangars large enough for the bomber's 172 ft (52 m) wingspan, which are needed to maintain the aircraft's stealth properties, particularly its "low-observable" stealth skins. Maintenance costs are about $ 3.4 million per month for each aircraft. An August 1995 GAO report disclosed that the B-2 had trouble operating in heavy rain, as rain could damage the aircraft's stealth coating, causing procurement delays until an adequate protective coating could be found. In addition, the B-2's terrain-following/terrain-avoidance radar had difficulty distinguishing rain from other obstacles, rendering the subsystem inoperable during rain. However a subsequent report in October 1996 noted that the USAF had made some progress in resolving the issues with the radar via software fixes and hoped to have these fixes undergoing tests by the spring of 1997. 1311:(RCS) of about 0.1 m (1.1 sq ft). The bomber does not always fly stealthily; when nearing air defenses pilots "stealth up" the B-2, a maneuver whose details are secret. The aircraft is stealthy, except briefly when the bomb bay opens. The flying wing design most closely resembles a so-called infinite flat plate (as vertical control surfaces dramatically increase RCS), the perfect stealth shape, as it would lack angles to reflect back radar waves (initially, the shape of the Northrop ATB concept was flatter; it gradually increased in volume according to specific military requirements). Without vertical surfaces to reflect radar laterally, side aspect radar cross section is also reduced. Radars operating at a lower frequency band (S or L band) are able to detect and track certain stealth aircraft that have multiple control surfaces, like canards or vertical stabilizers, where the frequency wavelength can exceed a certain threshold and cause a resonant effect. 1191: 2043:

Force officials lifted the grounding without disclosing any details about what caused the incident, or what steps had been taken return the aircraft to operation. In May 2024, the Air Force announced the B-2 would be divested, as it had been deemed to be "uneconomical to repair." Although no cost estimate was provided, the decision was likely influenced by the coming introduction of the B-21 bomber; after the B-2 crash in 2010, it took almost four years and over $ 100 million to return the aircraft to service because not losing one of the few penetrating bombers in the inventory was considered necessary to justify the effort. However, the impending arrival of the B-21 and coming retirement of the B-2 sometime after 2029 likely made USAF leaders decide it wouldn't be worth the expense to repair it, only for it to soon be retired.

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increase our survivability. And for the B-2 specifically, the expansion of some of our strike capabilities allow us to increase our survivability beyond the fighter escort realm. Now the B-2 fleet is continuing to do that technological advancement, and that's enabled us to expand our strike capabilities, as well. Although we've been around for over 30 years there's a lot of life left in this platform and up until the B-21 as well on the scene and doing its job, this aircraft will continue to be at the forefront of our country and our nation's defense... and with these, and continued innovative upgrades, and weapons system capabilities we will continue to do that until the last jet flies off the ramp into retirement.

576: 49: 2101: 587:; all program personnel needed a secret clearance. Still, it was less closely held than the Lockheed F-117 program; more people in the federal government knew about the B-2, and more information about the project was available. Both during development and in service, considerable effort has been devoted to maintaining the security of the B-2's design and technologies. Staff working on the B-2 in most, if not all, capacities need a level of special-access clearance and undergo extensive background checks carried out by a special branch of the USAF. 1643: 999: 1121: 1295:-inhibiting chemical, but this was replaced in production aircraft by a contrail sensor that alerts the crew when they should change altitude. The B-2 is vulnerable to visual interception at ranges of 20 nmi (23 mi; 37 km) or less. The B-2 is stored in a $ 5 million specialised air-conditioned hangar to maintain its stealth coating. Every seven years, this coating is carefully washed away with crystallised wheat starch so that the B-2's surfaces can be inspected for any dents or scratches. 2358: 1518: 1228:

process early on; thrust not only affects drag and lift but pitching and rolling motions as well. Four pairs of control surfaces are located along the wing's trailing edge; while most surfaces are used throughout the aircraft's flight envelope, the inner elevons are normally only in use at slow speeds, such as landing. To avoid potential contact damage during takeoff and to provide a nose-down pitching attitude, all of the elevons remain drooped during takeoff until a high enough airspeed has been attained.

1731: 2348: 912: 1315: 1237: 764:(CBO) and its Director of National Security Analysis found that additional B-2s would reduce the cost of expended munitions by less than US$ 2 billion in 1995 dollars during the first two weeks of a conflict, in which the USAF predicted bombers would make their greatest contribution; this was a small fraction of the US$ 26.8 billion (in 1995 dollars) life cycle cost that the CBO projected for an additional 20 B-2s. 2844: 811: 1970: 2329: 1363: 2052: 3430: 1342:) in the early 1970s, technology only allowed for the simulation of radar reflections on simple, flat surfaces; computing advances in the 1980s made it possible to simulate radar returns on more complex curved surfaces. The B-2 is composed of many curved and rounded surfaces across its exposed airframe to deflect radar beams. This technique, known as 3427: 779:(D-CA), a long-time opponent of the bomber, cited five independent studies and offered an amendment to that year's defense authorization bill to cap production of the bombers to the existing 21 aircraft; the amendment was narrowly defeated. Nonetheless, Congress did not approve funding for additional B-2s. 2039:

less tension than specified. The "microcracking" reduced hydraulic support to the landing gear. These problems allowed the landing gear to fold upon landing. The accident resulted in a minimum of $ 10.1 million in repair damages, but the final repair cost was still being determined in March 2022.

728:

The escalating cost of the B-2 program and evidence of flaws in the aircraft's ability to elude detection by radar were among factors that drove opposition to continue the program. At the peak production period specified in 1989, the schedule called for spending US$ 7 billion to $ 8 billion

695:

The total program cost projected through 2004 was US$ 44.75 billion in 1997 dollars (equivalent to US$ 79 billion in 2021). This includes development, procurement, facilities, construction, and spare parts. The total program cost averaged US$ 2.13 billion per aircraft. The B-2 may cost

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is fielded. In 2014, the USAF outlined a series of upgrades including nuclear warfighting, a new integrated processing unit, the ability to carry cruise missiles, and threat warning improvements. Due to ongoing software challenges, DMS-M was canceled by 2020, and the existing work was repurposed for

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material (AHFM) and automated material application methods were also incorporated to improve the aircraft's radar-absorbent properties and reduce maintenance requirements. In early 2004, Northrop Grumman began applying a newly developed AHFM to operational B-2s. To protect the operational integrity

1165:

and a high frequency satellite link have been installed, compatibility with various new munitions has been undertaken, and the AN/APQ-181 radar's operational frequency was shifted to avoid interference with other operators' equipment. The arrays of the upgraded radar features were entirely replaced

1006:

In the envisaged Cold War scenario, the B-2 was to perform deep-penetrating nuclear strike missions, making use of its stealthy capabilities to avoid detection and interception throughout the missions. There are two internal bomb bays in which munitions are stored either on a rotary launcher or two

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in part because the ATB showed such promise. But development difficulties delayed progress and drove up costs. Ultimately, the program produced 21 B-2s at an average cost of $ 2.13 billion (~$ 4.04 billion in 2023), including development, engineering, testing, production, and procurement.

1706:

On 28 March 2013, two B-2s flew a round trip of 13,000 miles (21,000 km) from Whiteman Air Force base in Missouri to South Korea, dropping dummy ordnance on the Jik Do target range. The mission, part of the annual South Korean–U.S. military exercises, was the first time that B-2s overflew the

1227:

Northrop had investigated several means of applying directional control that would infringe on the aircraft's radar profile as little as possible, eventually settling on a combination of split brake-rudders and differential thrust. Engine thrust became a key element of the B-2's aerodynamic design

1136:

For safety and fault-detection purposes, an on-board test system is linked with the majority of avionics on the B-2 to continuously monitor the performance and status of thousands of components and consumables; it also provides post-mission servicing instructions for ground crews. In 2008, many of

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Approximately 80 pilots fly the B-2. Each aircraft has a crew of two, a pilot in the left seat and mission commander in the right, and has provisions for a third crew member if needed. For comparison, the B-1B has a crew of four and the B-52 has a crew of five. The B-2 is highly automated, and one

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into the grass and came to rest on its left side. The cause was later determined to be faulty landing gear springs and "microcracking" in hydraulic connections on the aircraft. The lock link springs in the left landing gear had likely not been replaced in at least a decade, and produced about 11%

936:

aircraft, meaning that it has no fuselage or tail. It has significant advantages over previous bombers due to its blend of low-observable technologies with high aerodynamic efficiency and a large payload. Low observability provides greater freedom of action at high altitudes, thus increasing both

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In 1998, a Congressional panel advised the USAF to refocus resources away from continued B-2 production and instead begin development of a new bomber, either a new build or a variant of the B-2. In its 1999 bomber roadmap the USAF eschewed the panel's recommendations, believing its current bomber

2042:

On 10 December 2022, an in-flight malfunction aboard a B-2 forced an emergency landing at Whiteman AFB. No personnel, including the flight crew, sustained injuries during the incident; there was a post-crash fire that was quickly put out. Subsequently, all B-2s were grounded. On 18 May 2023, Air

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B-2s are supported by portable, environmentally-controlled hangars called B-2 Shelter Systems (B2SS). The hangars are built by American Spaceframe Fabricators Inc. and cost approximately US$ 5 million apiece. The need for specialized hangars arose in 1998 when it was found that B-2s passing

1116:

cruise missile) and a Defensive Management System (DMS) to inform the flight crew of possible threats. The onboard DMS is capable of automatically assessing the detection capabilities of identified threats and indicated targets. The DMS will be upgraded by 2021 to detect radar emissions from air

691:

The total "military construction" cost related to the program was projected to be US$ 553.6 million in 1997 dollars. The cost to procure each B-2 was US$ 737 million in 1997 dollars (equivalent to US$ 1300 million in 2021), based only on a fleet cost of US$ 15.48 billion. The

1605:

The B-2's combat use preceded a USAF declaration of "full operational capability" in December 2003. The Pentagon's Operational Test and Evaluation 2003 Annual Report noted that the B-2's serviceability for Fiscal Year 2003 was still inadequate, mainly due to the maintainability of the B-2's low

894:

Although the USAF previously planned to operate the B-2 until 2058, the FY 2019 budget moved up its retirement to "no later than 2032". It also moved the retirement of the B-1 to 2036 while extending the B-52's service life into the 2050s, because the B-52 has lower maintenance costs, versatile

854:

without getting into specifics, and without getting into things that we frankly just don't discuss in open channels, I will tell you that our current bomber fleet, and this is all of them, we use some pretty innovative ways to integrate modern weapons capabilities to have us both maintain and

704:

In its consideration of the fiscal year 1990 defense budget, the House Armed Services Committee trimmed $ 800 million from the B-2 research and development budget, while at the same time staving off a motion to end the project. Opposition in committee and in Congress was mostly broad and

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in the United Kingdom, where new climate controlled hangars have been constructed. B-2s have conducted 27 sorties from Whiteman AFB and 22 sorties from a forward operating location, releasing more than 1,500,000 pounds (680,000 kg) of munitions, including 583 JDAM "smart bombs" in 2003.

2015:

valued at US$ 1.4 billion. After the accident, the USAF took the B-2 fleet off operational status for 53 days, returning on 15 April 2008. The cause of the crash was later determined to be moisture in the aircraft's Port Transducer Units during air data calibration, which distorted the

534:

The Northrop team's ATB design was selected over the Lockheed/Rockwell design on 20 October 1981. The Northrop design received the designation B-2 and the name "Spirit". The bomber's design was changed in the mid-1980s when the mission profile was changed from high-altitude to low-altitude,

370:

signals so that little was reflected back to the radar unit. An aircraft having radar stealth characteristics would be able to fly nearly undetected and could be attacked only by weapons and systems not relying on radar. Although other detection measures existed, such as human observation,

845:

announced that a $ 2 billion, 10-year-long modernization of the B-2 fleet was to begin. The main area of improvement would be replacement of outdated avionics and equipment. Continued modernization efforts likely have continued in secret, as alluded to by a B-2 commander from

756:, strongly recommended against Congressional action to fund the purchase of any additional B-2s, arguing that to do so would require unacceptable cuts in existing conventional and nuclear-capable aircraft, and that the military had greater priorities in spending a limited budget. 1214:

flight control system that can automatically manipulate flight surfaces and settings without direct pilot inputs to maintain aircraft stability. The flight computer receives information on external conditions such as the aircraft's current air speed and angle of attack via

2016:

information being sent to the bomber's air data system. As a result, the flight control computers calculated an inaccurate airspeed, and a negative angle of attack, causing the aircraft to pitch upward 30 degrees during takeoff. This was the first crash and loss of a B-2.

623:

editors found that there were no airspace restrictions above the presentation area and took aerial photographs of the aircraft's secret rear section with suppressed engine exhausts. The B-2's (s/n 82-1066 / AV-1) first public flight was on 17 July 1989 from Palmdale to

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In 2013, the USAF contracted for the Defensive Management System Modernization (DMS-M) program to replace the antenna system and other electronics to increase the B-2's frequency awareness. The Common Very Low Frequency Receiver upgrade allows the B-2s to use the same

301:

The B-2 can perform attack missions at altitudes of up to 50,000 feet (15,000 m); it has an unrefueled range of more than 6,000 nautical miles (6,900 mi; 11,000 km) and can fly more than 10,000 nautical miles (12,000 mi; 19,000 km) with one

759:

Some B-2 advocates argued that procuring twenty additional aircraft would save money because B-2s would be able to deeply penetrate anti-aircraft defenses and use low-cost, short-range attack weapons rather than expensive standoff weapons. However, in 1995, the

1022:

In light of the dissolution of the Soviet Union, it was decided to equip the B-2 for conventional precision attacks as well as for the strategic role of nuclear-strike. The B-2 features a sophisticated GPS-Aided Targeting System (GATS) that uses the aircraft's

899:(which the B-1 is treaty-prohibited from doing). The decision to retire the B-2 early was made because the small fleet of 20 is considered too expensive per plane to retain, with its position as a stealth bomber being taken over with the introduction of the 683:

The program was the subject of public controversy for its cost to American taxpayers. In 1996, the GAO disclosed that the USAF's B-2 bombers "will be, by far, the costliest bombers to operate on a per aircraft basis", costing over three times as much as the

1677:. Three B-2s dropped 40 bombs on a Libyan airfield in support of the UN no-fly zone. The B-2s flew directly from the U.S. mainland across the Atlantic Ocean to Libya; a B-2 was refueled by allied tanker aircraft four times during each round trip mission. 1602:. With aerial refueling support, the B-2 flew one of its longest missions to date from Whiteman Air Force Base in Missouri to Afghanistan and back. B-2s would be stationed in the Middle East as a part of a US military buildup in the region from 2003. 1569:

from their home base in Missouri and back, totaling 30 hours. Although the bombers accounted 50 sorties out of a total of 34,000 NATO sorties, they dropped 11 percent of all bombs. The B-2 was the first aircraft to deploy GPS satellite-guided

414:. A key improvement was the introduction of computer models used to predict the radar reflections from flat surfaces where collected data drove the design of a "faceted" aircraft. Development of the first such designs started in 1975 with the 1223:

which would impair the aircraft's stealth capabilities. The flight actuation system incorporates both hydraulic and electrical servoactuated components, and it was designed with a high level of redundancy and fault-diagnostic capabilities.

744:(D-MA), who cast votes against the B-2 in 1989, 1991, and 1992. By 1992, Bush had called for the cancellation of the B-2 and promised to cut military spending by 30% in the wake of the collapse of the Soviet Union. In October 1995, former 1092:

To make the B-2 more effective than previous bombers, many advanced and modern avionics systems were integrated into its design; these have been modified and improved following a switch to conventional warfare missions. One system is the

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bomb-racks; the carriage of the weapons loadouts internally results in less radar visibility than external mounting of munitions. The B-2 is capable of carrying 40,000 lb (18,000 kg) of ordnance. Nuclear ordnance includes the

5811: 1160:

In addition to periodic software upgrades and the introduction of new radar-absorbent materials across the fleet, the B-2 has had several major upgrades to its avionics and combat systems. For battlefield communications, both

1268:) to evade the various detection systems that could be used to detect and be used to direct attacks against an aircraft. The B-2's stealth enables the reduction of supporting aircraft that are required to provide air cover, 1484:

of its sophisticated radar absorbent material and coatings, each B-2 is kept inside a climate-controlled hangar (Extra Large Deployable Aircraft Hangar System) large enough to accommodate its 172-foot (52 m) wingspan.

427:

started the Experimental Survivability Testbed project. Northrop and Lockheed were awarded contracts in the first round of testing. Lockheed received the sole award for the second test round in April 1976 leading to the

965:

were both flying wing bombers that had been canceled in development in the early 1950s, allegedly for political reasons. The resemblance goes as far as B-2 and YB-49 having the same wingspan. The YB-49 also had a small

2077:. The test article passed all structural testing requirements before the airframe failed. The museum's restoration team spent over a year reassembling the fractured airframe. The display airframe is marked to resemble 3568: 1702:

bomb was rejected due to potential damage to nearby civilian buildings. There were also concerns an airstrike would make it difficult to positively identify Bin Laden's remains, making it hard to confirm his death.

5114: 1546:, where the fleet is based, on 17 December 1993. The B-2 reached initial operational capability (IOC) on 1 January 1997. Depot maintenance for the B-2 is accomplished by USAF contractor support and managed at 4964: 6722: 6629: 1287:. The undersides are dark because it flies at high altitudes (50,000 ft (15,000 m)), and at that altitude a dark grey painting blends well into the sky. It is speculated to have an upward-facing 956:

technologies due to its complex flight characteristics and design requirements to maintain very low visibility to multiple means of detection. The B-2 bears a resemblance to earlier Northrop aircraft; the

675:

test model, to Block 30 fully operational status at a cost of nearly $ 500 million (~$ 897 million in 2023). In 1995, Northrop made a proposal to the USAF to build 20 additional aircraft with a

1457:, even a very flat plate would still reflect radar waves, though much less than when a signal is bouncing at a right angle. Additional reduction in its radar signature was achieved by the use of various 5921: 1707:

Korean Peninsula. Tensions between the Koreas were high; North Korea protested against the B-2's participation and made threats of retaliatory nuclear strikes against South Korea and the United States.

452:, and Battlefield Surveillance Aircraft Experimental. The stealth technology developed from the program was later incorporated into other operational aircraft designs, including the B-2 stealth bomber. 297:

dramatically reduced the desire for a stealth aircraft designed to strike deep in Soviet territory. Consequently, in the late 1980s and 1990s lawmakers shrank the planned purchase of 132 bombers to 21.

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It was reported in 2011 that The Pentagon was evaluating an unmanned stealth bomber, characterized as a "mini-B-2", as a potential replacement in the near future. In 2012, USAF Chief of Staff General

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unmanned aerial vehicle firing Hellfire missiles. Each B-2 flew a 33-hour, round-trip mission from Whiteman Air Force Base, Missouri with four or five (accounts differ) refuelings during the trip.

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the 136 standalone distributed computers on board the B-2, including the primary flight management computer, were being replaced by a single integrated system. The avionics are controlled by 13

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terrain-following. The redesign delayed the B-2's first flight by two years and added about US$ 1 billion to the program's cost. An estimated US$ 23 billion was secretly spent for

5808: 5357: 4057: 5548: 3816: 4022: 3759: 1248:", characteristics enable the undetected penetration of sophisticated anti-aircraft defenses and to attack even heavily defended targets. This stealth comes from a combination of reduced 4425: 725:(R-AZ) also opposing the project. Dellums and Kasich, in particular, worked together from 1989 through the early 1990s to limit production to 21 aircraft and were ultimately successful. 464:

became aware of these developments during 1977, and it appears to have been one of the major reasons the B-1 was canceled. Further studies were ordered in early 1978, by which point the

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On 29 December 2008, USAF officials awarded a US$ 468 million contract to Northrop Grumman to modernize the B-2 fleet's radars. Changing the radar's frequency was required as the

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in Iraq have launched from Whiteman AFB. As of September 2013 the longest combat mission has been 44.3 hours. "Forward operating locations" have been previously designated as

643:, a design engineer who worked on the B-2's propulsion system, was arrested for selling classified information to China. Gowadia was convicted and sentenced to 32 years in prison. 6349: 4170: 1117:

defenses to allow changes to the auto-router's mission planning information while in-flight so it can receive new data quickly to plan a route that minimizes exposure to dangers.

6010: 4684: 3451:"Unraveling Stealth's 'Black World';Questions of Cost and Mission Arise Amid Debate Over Secrecy Series: Project Senior C.J.; The Story Behind The B-2 Bomber Series Number: 2/3." 4602: 2023:. The aircraft was severely damaged by fire while on the ground and underwent 18 months of repairs to enable it to fly back to the mainland U.S. for more comprehensive repairs. 3606: 5979: 5232: 787:

Several upgrade packages have been applied to the B-2. In July 2008, the B-2's onboard computing architecture was extensively redesigned; it now incorporates a new integrated

822:

had sold that radio spectrum to another operator. In July 2009, it was reported that the B-2 had successfully passed a major USAF audit. In 2010, it was made public that the

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artwork, which was painted and signed by the technicians who performed the temperature testing. The restored test aircraft is on display in the museum's "Cold War Gallery".

6034: 3161: 5945: 3207: 5111: 4192: 410:, which included several stealthy features, notably its canted vertical stabilizers, the use of composite materials in key locations, and the overall surface finish in 10409: 5448: 3780: 1497:

did not have the climate-controlled environment maintenance operations required. In 2003, the B2SS program was managed by the Combat Support System Program Office at

4961: 4857: 6990: 5847: 4121: 3090: 3041: 1042:(JDAM). In the B-2's original configuration, up to 16 GAMs or JDAMs could be deployed; An upgrade program in 2004 raised the maximum carrier capacity to 80 JDAMs. 6718: 6625: 5893: 4342: 891:

fleet could be maintained until the 2030s. The service believed that development could begin in 2013, in time to replace aging B-2s, B-1s and B-52s around 2037.

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procurement cost per aircraft, as detailed in GAO reports, which include spare parts and software support, was $ 929 million per aircraft in 1997 dollars.

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2 internal bays for ordnance and payload with an official limit of 40,000 lb (18,000 kg); maximum estimated limit is 50,000 lb (23,000 kg)

6412: 6273: 5292: 4660: 3371: 1073:; up to two MOPs could be equipped in the B-2's bomb bays with one per bay, the B-2 is the only platform compatible with the MOP as of 2012. As of 2011, the 379:, their relatively short detection range or poorly developed technology allowed most aircraft to fly undetected, or at least untracked, especially at night. 6772: 1417:

in the infrared spectrum) being released and thus a reduced heat signature. The resulting cooler air is conducted over a surface composed of heat resistant

826:

had developed a new material to be used on the part of the wing trailing edge subject to engine exhaust, replacing existing material that quickly degraded.

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In response to organizational issues and high-profile mistakes made within the USAF, all of the B-2s, along with the nuclear-capable B-52s and the USAF's

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B-2 test article (s/n AT-1000), the second of two built without engines or instruments and used for static testing, was placed on display in 2004 at the

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systems (IRSTs) can be deployed against stealth aircraft, because any aircraft surface heats up due to air friction and with a two channel IRST is a CO

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was repaired and returned to service in December 2013. At the time of the accident, the USAF had no training to deal with tailpipe fires on the B-2s.

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despite overall budget cuts. In 2012 projections, it was estimated that the Next-Generation Bomber would have an overall cost of $ 55 billion.

8235: 7996: 7986: 7916: 7906: 7886: 7876: 7861: 7856: 7841: 7831: 7826: 7791: 7183: 6305:"United States Air Force / Abbreviated Aircraft Accident Investigation / B-2A, T/N 89-0129 / Whiteman Air Force Base, Missouri / 14 September 2021" 5318: 2913:

Maximum takeoff weight is classified; listed figure is based on statement from manufacturer that aircraft's payload capacity is at least 40,000 lb.

531:

produced a sketch of the aircraft that bore considerable similarities to the final design. The USAF originally planned to procure 165 ATB bombers.

5349: 3976: 3813: 9653: 9648: 9638: 9618: 9608: 9588: 9583: 9578: 9573: 9568: 9563: 9558: 9553: 9548: 9543: 9538: 9533: 9528: 9523: 9518: 9508: 9478: 9463: 9458: 9453: 9448: 9443: 9418: 9403: 9388: 9383: 9373: 9368: 9338: 9333: 9303: 9288: 9263: 9238: 9223: 9208: 9198: 9183: 9168: 9163: 9158: 9153: 9138: 9133: 9128: 9123: 9098: 8021: 7976: 7781: 7776: 7741: 7711: 7706: 7701: 7696: 7691: 7606: 7596: 7591: 7547: 7542: 7537: 5531: 4310: 3894: 3479: 1583: 594:, was acquired and heavily rebuilt; the plant's employees were sworn to secrecy. To avoid suspicion, components were typically purchased through 4019: 3756: 2100: 2062:

No operational B-2s have been retired by the Air Force to be put on display. B-2s have made occasional appearances on ground display at various

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stated the B-2's 1980s-era stealth technologies would make it less survivable in future contested airspaces, so the USAF is to proceed with the

10384: 9066: 9041: 9036: 9011: 9006: 9001: 8971: 8966: 8961: 8936: 8921: 8891: 8866: 8826: 8821: 8756: 8731: 8726: 8721: 8711: 8671: 7503: 7498: 7493: 7488: 5913: 5034: 4417: 3694:. No. GAO/NSIAD-95-164. General Accounting Office Washington, DC. National Security and International Affairs Division. August 1995, pp. 16, 20 2940: 2874: 2070: 2056: 6490: 4144: 8606: 8601: 6074: 4236: 3671: 1554:. Originally designed to deliver nuclear weapons, modern usage has shifted towards a flexible role with conventional and nuclear capability. 745: 7361: 6998:, Dayton, Ohio: Air Force Center for Systems Engineering, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, archived from 6052: 1065:. In July 2009, Northrop Grumman reported the B-2 was compatible with the equipment necessary to deploy the 30,000 lb (14,000 kg) 12178: 3500: 924:

The B-2 Spirit was developed to take over the USAF's vital penetration missions, allowing it to travel deep into enemy territory to deploy

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which alerts the pilot to increase or reduce altitude to match the changing illuminance of the sky. The original design had tanks for a

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Note: Northrop company designations include a wide variety of technologies. Only aircraft, aero engines, and missiles are linked here.

3845: 10362: 3599: 3549: 1984: 1974: 1964: 338: 7353: 6182: 5975: 5754: 5224: 829:

In July 2010, political analyst Rebecca Grant speculated that when the B-2 becomes unable to reliably penetrate enemy defenses, the

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The B-2's first public display in 1988 at Palmdale, California: in front of the B-2 is a star shape formed with five B-2 silhouettes

5068: 2011:, Missouri, and had logged 5,176 flight hours. The two-person crew ejected safely from the aircraft. The aircraft was destroyed, a 1654:

air show in 2018. This view depicts the body's two dimensional and seamless design, a distinct feature for evading radar detection.

469: 6603: 2019:

In February 2010, a serious incident involving a B-2 occurred at Andersen Air Force Base in Guam. The aircraft involved was AV-11

1307:

configuration not only provides exceptional range but is also beneficial to reducing its radar profile. Reportedly, the B-2 has a

10890: 6158: 4256: 3953: 3316: 3153: 671:, though originally committed to ending production of the bombers at 20 aircraft, authorized the conversion of a 21st bomber, a 617:, where it was assembled. This viewing was heavily restricted, and guests were not allowed to see the rear of the B-2. However, 5942: 4102: 772: 460:

By 1976, these programs had progressed to a position in which a long-range strategic stealth bomber appeared viable. President

5870: 4878: 3204: 1578:, which had been harshly criticized due to it causing indiscriminate civilian casualties in prior conflicts, such as the 1991 358:

By the mid-1970s, military aircraft designers had learned of a new method to avoid missiles and interceptors, known today as "

12203: 7265: 7247: 7218: 7200: 7168: 7150: 7132: 7114: 7094: 7072: 7037: 7019: 6965: 6947: 6912: 6894: 6841: 6823: 5776: 5411: 5172: 5003: 4919: 4359: 4189: 2374: 540: 5440: 4538: 4489: 310:

attack aircraft. Primarily designed as a nuclear bomber, the B-2 was first used in combat to drop conventional, non-nuclear

6849:

Crickmore, Paul and Alison J. Crickmore, "Nighthawk F-117 Stealth Fighter". North Branch, Minnesota: Zenith Imprint, 2003.

6665: 6091: 5795: 5700: 5659: 5633: 4041: 3788: 2634: 819: 733:(D-WI) said "won't fly financially". In 1990, the Department of Defense accused Northrop of using faulty components in the 6547: 4854: 3450: 2674:

14 November 1995 – Suffered damage to the wing following a landing gear collapse in September 2021. Undergoing repairs at

1574:

in combat use in Kosovo. The use of JDAMs and precision-guided munitions effectively replaced the controversial tactic of

850:

in April 2021, possibly indicating offensive weapons capability against threatening air defenses and aircraft. He stated:

476:

repeatedly stated that Carter was weak on defense and used the B-1 as a prime example. In response, on 22 August 1980 the

12198: 11164: 9786: 9498: 9408: 9363: 6999: 5844: 5552: 4803: 3399: 2108: 1606:

observable coatings. The evaluation also noted that the Defensive Avionics suite had shortcomings with "pop-up threats".

1502: 1167: 737:; it was also found that redesign work was required to reduce the risk of damage to engine fan blades by bird ingestion. 619: 481: 6135: 5470: 4118: 3087: 3038: 527:

flying wing aircraft. The Northrop design was larger while the Lockheed design included a small tail. In 1979, designer

12173: 10377: 5890: 4339: 1659: 1599: 1547: 807:. Updates were also made to the weapon control systems to enable strikes upon moving targets, such as ground vehicles. 323: 17: 7240:

The Encyclopedia of Middle East Wars: The United States in the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan, and Iraq Conflicts, Volume 1

6804: 4838: 978:, use a toilet, or prepare a hot meal while the other monitors the aircraft, unlike most two-seat aircraft. Extensive 11252: 11214: 10170: 10165: 10060: 10047: 7336: 7322: 7307: 7289: 6982: 6929: 6869: 6854: 5505: 4643: 3497: 1832: 1269: 830: 548: 4328: 10225: 10056: 10032: 2675: 1382:(4.3 μm absorption maxima) detection possible, through difference comparing between the low and high channel. 1109: 1054: 610: 603: 6881:

Farnborough, Hants, UK: Royal Aircraft Establishment, September 1957 National Archive Catalogue file, AVIA 6/20895

6402: 6373:"A B-2 stealth bomber's emergency landing sparked a fire and damaged the plane, but the crew walked away unharmed" 5281: 4657: 2081:(S/N 82-1070), the B-2 used to test the design's ability to withstand extreme heat and cold. The exhibit features 12075: 11331: 11062: 8471: 8194: 8026: 7395: 3739: 2113: 1760: 1663: 1418: 652: 1525:, which extends its range past 6,000 nautical miles (6,900 mi; 11,000 km) for intercontinental sorties 11159: 11108: 10393: 10250: 10075: 8552: 7231: 4561: 4287: 2217:

630 mph (1,010 km/h, 550 kn) at 40,000 ft (12,000 m) altitude / Mach 0.95 at sea level

1801: 1240:

The B-2's engines are buried within its wing to conceal the engines' fans and minimize their exhaust signature.

734: 651:

A procurement of 132 aircraft was planned in the mid-1980s but was later reduced to 75. By the early 1990s the

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is an upcoming standoff munition to be deployed on the B-2 and other platforms. This is to be followed by the

11387: 11377: 11311: 10957: 10401: 10370: 10320: 10051: 7349: 5581: 3133: 2996: 2117: 1454: 823: 6435: 5831: 5549:"First F-22 large-scale, air combat exercise wins praise and triggers surprise" (online title), "Away Game". 3528: 11372: 11293: 11078: 10786: 10781: 10771: 10687: 10397: 10280: 10260: 10100: 9817: 2884: 2862: 2285: 2271: 1715: 1571: 1347: 1170:(AESA) radar. Due to the B-2's composite structure, it is required to stay 40 miles (64 km) away from 1094: 1039: 953: 900: 883: 411: 342: 236: 3995: 986:

research was conducted to improve crew performance on long sorties. Advanced training is conducted at the

740:

In time, several prominent members of Congress began to oppose the program's expansion, including Senator

11777: 11748: 11683: 11247: 11013: 10806: 10734: 10729: 10702: 10682: 10647: 10275: 9776: 9076: 8426: 8150: 7478: 1719: 1066: 761: 306:. It entered service in 1997 as the second aircraft designed with advanced stealth technology, after the 12213: 12168: 11209: 10855: 10776: 10037: 9673: 7388: 3973: 1928: 1922: 1900: 1375: 1081: 1062: 668: 564: 503:". After the evaluations of the companies' proposals, the ATB competition was narrowed to the Northrop/ 257: 10392: 5528: 3891: 1714:, killing around 85 militants. The B-2s together dropped 108 500-pound (230 kg) precision-guided 1472:

that is stronger than steel, lighter than aluminum, and absorbs a significant amount of radar energy.

261: 12188: 11362: 11326: 11101: 10838: 10801: 10712: 10707: 10160: 10095: 8545: 8431: 8175: 8155: 7562: 7557: 7508: 1937: 1273: 1265: 1105: 1031: 372: 239: 6834:

Stability and Control of Conventional and Unconventional Aircraft Configurations: A Generic Approach

6805:"Air Force, Options to Retire or Restructure the Force Would Reduce Planned Spending, NSIAD-96-192." 5031: 2937: 2830: 1565:

in the first eight weeks of U.S. involvement in the war. During this war, six B-2s flew non-stop to

639:. Cavanagh was sentenced to life in prison in 1985 but released on parole in 2001. In October 2005, 11976: 11905: 11858: 11382: 11270: 10962: 8516: 8199: 7045:

Pelletier, Alain J. "Towards the Ideal Aircraft: The Life and Times of the Flying Wing, Part Two".

6862:

Weapons of Mass Destruction: An Encyclopedia of Worldwide Policy, Technology, and History, Volume 2

6487: 3116: 1695: 1458: 1410: 1331: 1027: 804: 696:

up to $ 135,000 per flight hour to operate in 2010, which is about twice that of the B-52 and B-1.

543:

engineers and scientists helped assess the mission effectiveness of the aircraft under a five-year

536: 407: 307: 6049: 4233: 3668: 3182:

Rao, G.A. and S.P. Mahulikar. "Integrated review of stealth technology and its role in airpower".

547:

contract during the 1980s. Northrop was the B-2's prime contractor; major subcontractors included

515:

designs. The Northrop proposal was code named "Senior Ice", and the Lockheed proposal code named "

341:

and another was lost to a crash in 2022. The Air Force plans to operate them until 2032, when the

277:, and software support) averaged $ 929 million (~$ 1.11 billion in 2023) per plane. The 12067: 11986: 11915: 11868: 11821: 11730: 11693: 11660: 11616: 11483: 11413: 11336: 11303: 10796: 10791: 10749: 10405: 10125: 10065: 9960: 9438: 9433: 9428: 9423: 9413: 9398: 9378: 9358: 9353: 9348: 9343: 9328: 9323: 9318: 9308: 9298: 9293: 9143: 9118: 9021: 9016: 8901: 7358: 3001: 2879: 2008: 1988: 1772: 1751: 1698:, U.S. officials had considered an airstrike by one or more B-2s as an alternative; the use of a 1622: 1539: 1494: 1280:". As of September 2013, there have been no instances of a missile being launched at a B-2. 1125: 1101: 847: 632: 591: 334: 327: 217: 115: 48: 7056: 11629: 11583: 11421: 11392: 11346: 11224: 10937: 10885: 10265: 10085: 10080: 9716: 8806: 8786: 8751: 8496: 8491: 8486: 8481: 8441: 8302: 8225: 8220: 8165: 7851: 7846: 7816: 7801: 7771: 7766: 7761: 7756: 7751: 7746: 7731: 7721: 7716: 7686: 7666: 7616: 7611: 7601: 7572: 7567: 3996:"Semantic Designs Aligns with Northrop Grumman to Modernize B-2 Spirit Bomber Software Systems" 2245: 1912: 1865: 1859: 1710:

On 18 January 2017, two B-2s attacked an ISIS training camp 19 miles (30 km) southwest of

1670: 1394: 937:

range and field of view for onboard sensors. The USAF reports its range as approximately 6,000

864: 635:

was arrested for attempting to sell classified information from the Pico Rivera factory to the

625: 598:, military officials would visit out of uniform, and staff members were routinely subjected to 544: 508: 436:

stealth attack aircraft. Northrop also had a classified technology demonstration aircraft, the

290: 247: 88: 6939:

Military Gadgets: How Advanced Technology is Transforming Today's Battlefield – and Tomorrow's

6509: 6106: 4993: 3772: 1002:

A 2,000 lb (910 kg) BDU-56 bomb being loaded onto a bomb bay's rotary launcher, 2004

12183: 11954: 11722: 11652: 11532: 11341: 11316: 11199: 11151: 11057: 10816: 10255: 10200: 10180: 10011: 9970: 9894: 9668: 9663: 9601: 6693: 5401: 5162: 4909: 2195: 1551: 1476: 1138: 949: 788: 477: 194: 190: 5200: 4510: 4073: 717:(R-CT) authorizing the motion to end the project—as well as others in the Senate, including 11550: 11204: 11041: 10952: 10897: 10880: 10692: 10667: 10330: 10295: 10285: 10235: 10220: 10215: 10195: 10135: 10090: 10006: 10001: 9986: 9955: 9858: 9766: 9736: 9643: 9513: 9493: 9488: 9273: 9233: 9228: 8996: 8981: 8951: 8946: 8916: 8906: 8841: 8836: 8801: 8067: 7483: 7411: 4836:"Northrop Grumman and USAF Verify Proper Fit of 30,000 lb Penetrator Weapon on B-2 Bomber." 3837: 1822: 1498: 876: 795:

network; a new version of the operational flight program software was also developed, with

614: 449: 399: 391: 229: 205: 93: 5962:

U.S. flies B-2 stealth bombers to S. Korea in "extended deterrence mission" aimed at North

487: 8: 11701: 11665: 11219: 11169: 11008: 10677: 10325: 10310: 10300: 10245: 10240: 10210: 10205: 10185: 10140: 10130: 10027: 9899: 9889: 9853: 9848: 9833: 9791: 9749: 9741: 9726: 9711: 9633: 9613: 9596: 9503: 9483: 9473: 9468: 9393: 9313: 9283: 9248: 9203: 9193: 9148: 9103: 9031: 9026: 8991: 8976: 8956: 8931: 8926: 8886: 8881: 8876: 8871: 8861: 8851: 8846: 8831: 8796: 8781: 8761: 8746: 8676: 8666: 8511: 8456: 8416: 8395: 8368: 8363: 8292: 8256: 7911: 7896: 7786: 7586: 7552: 7522: 7380: 6186: 5751: 2366: 2000: 1892: 1795: 1479:

to avoid leaks as they could increase its radar signature. Innovations such as alternate

1438: 1406: 1351: 1308: 1284: 1261: 1257: 987: 967: 685: 516: 437: 387: 225: 31: 8537: 5065: 3974:"Air Force Completes Preliminary Design Review of New B-2 Bomber Computer Architecture." 3241:, Northrop Grumman (newspaper), Vol. 8, No. 12; 30 June 2006, p. 8. author: Carol Ilten. 11321: 11189: 11134: 11093: 11036: 10572: 10519: 10315: 10305: 10290: 10175: 10145: 9965: 9950: 9945: 9940: 9935: 9884: 9771: 9761: 9754: 9268: 9258: 9253: 9218: 9213: 9188: 9173: 9113: 9108: 9093: 9088: 9083: 9071: 9061: 9056: 9051: 9046: 8816: 8776: 8771: 8736: 8716: 8691: 8595: 8589: 6937: 6599: 6403:"B-2 nuke bomber fleet is temporarily grounded due to safety issue | CNN Politics" 1874: 1810: 1786: 1735: 1674: 1469: 1386: 1339: 1253: 1249: 1245: 872: 753: 660: 416: 7370: 6878:

Measurements of the Radar Echoing Area of the Vulcan by the Optical Simulation Method.

6155: 4264: 3950: 3308: 575: 12193: 12109: 10672: 10652: 10545: 10535: 8333: 7332: 7318: 7303: 7285: 7261: 7243: 7227: 7214: 7196: 7177: 7164: 7146: 7128: 7110: 7090: 7068: 7052: 7033: 7015: 6978: 6961: 6943: 6925: 6908: 6890: 6865: 6850: 6837: 6819: 6626:"New Video Of B-2 Bomber Dropping Mother Of All Bunker Busters Sends Ominous Message" 6209: 5407: 5168: 4999: 4915: 2362: 1642: 1562: 1461:(RAM) to absorb and neutralize radar beams. The majority of the B-2 is made out of a 1425:

elements, which disperse the air laterally, to accelerate its cooling. The B-2 lacks

1414: 1058: 925: 664: 500: 395: 376: 311: 224:

as principal subcontractors, and was produced from 1987 to 2000. The bomber can drop

198: 4656:

Kenagy, David N., Christopher T. Bird, Christopher M. Webber and Joseph R. Fischer.

4095: 2223:

560 mph (900 km/h, 487 kn) at 40,000 ft (12,000 m) altitude

495:

The Advanced Technology Bomber (ATB) program began in 1979. Full development of the

12130: 12101: 12049: 12020: 11968: 11897: 11850: 11798: 11769: 11740: 11675: 11560: 11442: 11239: 11125: 10766: 10739: 10567: 10514: 10433: 9930: 9925: 8661: 8572: 8528: 8451: 7866: 5867: 4886: 4598: 2296: 2292: 2035: 1522: 1277: 1179: 1175: 1012: 1008: 983: 945:

every six hours, taking on up to 50 short tons (45,000 kg) of fuel at a time.

942: 838: 834: 359: 303: 250: 243: 209: 186: 182: 97: 70: 67: 5773: 1385:

Burying engines deep inside the fuselage also minimizes the thermal visibility or

998: 12028: 11928: 11876: 11811: 11588: 11540: 11496: 11262: 10990: 10942: 10150: 9920: 8686: 8636: 8631: 8621: 8129: 7871: 7365: 6700: 6669: 6516: 6494: 6162: 6139: 6113: 6078: 6056: 5949: 5897: 5874: 5851: 5815: 5780: 5758: 5535: 5512: 5207: 5118: 5072: 5038: 4968: 4861: 4842: 4807: 4664: 4534: 4517: 4493: 4486: 4346: 4335: 4240: 4196: 4174: 4151: 4125: 4106: 4080: 4026: 4002: 3980: 3957: 3898: 3820: 3763: 3690:

Murphy, Robert D., Michael J. Hazard, Jeffrey T. Hunter, and James F. Dinwiddie.

3675: 3610: 3572: 3504: 3434: 3211: 3094: 3045: 2967: 2944: 2849: 2004: 1908: 1882: 1768: 1323: 1150: 1120: 860: 749: 714: 552: 7375: 6662: 5704: 5637: 4311:"Air Force Looks to Increase B-2 Mission Readiness with Cockpit Display Upgrade" 3913:

Bender, Brian and John Robinson. "More Stealth Bombers Mean Less Combat Power".

3720: 2357: 1517: 667:

announced B-2 production would be limited to 20 aircraft. In 1996, however, the

256:

Development began under the Advanced Technology Bomber (ATB) project during the

12138: 11999: 11994: 11960: 11933: 11923: 11606: 11573: 11455: 11367: 11229: 11194: 10833: 10759: 10744: 10719: 10443: 10230: 10120: 9996: 9991: 9796: 9278: 8986: 8941: 8896: 8466: 8446: 8436: 8411: 8358: 8353: 8348: 8343: 8338: 8307: 8297: 8287: 8282: 8272: 8240: 8204: 8189: 8160: 8108: 8093: 8088: 8057: 8052: 8016: 8011: 7971: 7921: 7891: 7681: 7676: 7671: 7661: 7656: 7651: 7646: 7641: 7636: 7631: 7626: 7621: 7581: 7532: 7527: 7513: 7450: 7445: 7435: 7104: 7083: 7047: 5914:"US had planned air strike to level Osama's Abbottabad hideout: Americas, News" 3725: 2857: 1682: 1586:, killing several staff. By then, the B-2 had dropped 500 bombs in Yugoslavia. 1575: 1480: 1422: 1390: 1367: 1283:

To reduce optical visibility during daylight flights, the B-2 is painted in an

1077: 962: 958: 929: 896: 768: 640: 524: 520: 286: 6071: 4800: 3405: 12162: 11501: 10985: 10922: 10912: 10907: 10860: 10811: 10754: 10724: 10662: 10657: 10617: 10597: 10488: 10483: 10473: 10468: 10463: 10458: 10453: 10346: 9843: 9781: 9731: 9721: 9658: 9243: 9178: 8856: 8811: 8476: 8421: 8373: 8328: 8323: 8277: 8184: 8072: 8062: 7991: 7966: 7901: 7517: 7473: 7440: 7295: 6274:"Faulty landing gear springs led to B-2 bomber crash last year, report finds" 6225:"USAF updates firefighter training and equipment following B-2 tailpipe fire" 6132: 4234:"Questions about whether the US needs another $ 55 billion worth of bombers." 4145:"The Air Force Announced It's Upgrading The One Plane It Needs To Bomb Iran." 2378: 1699: 1442: 1430: 1398: 1288: 1171: 1154: 1142: 1074: 1024: 938: 791:

that communicates with systems throughout the aircraft via a newly installed

659:

mission. Under budgetary pressures and Congressional opposition, in his 1992

595: 584: 528: 511:

teams with each receiving a study contract for further work. Both teams used

496: 473: 403: 390:

of an aircraft that would remain effectively invisible to radars. Initially,

7012:

Aircraft Systems: Mechanical, Electrical and Avionics Subsystems Integration

6887:

Black Jets: The Development and Operation of America's Most Secret Warplanes

1100:

multi-mode radar, a fully digital navigation system that is integrated with

265:

Building each aircraft cost an average of US$ 737 million, while total

246:. The B-2 is the only acknowledged in-service aircraft that can carry large 11624: 11578: 11568: 11545: 11491: 11450: 10980: 10947: 10927: 10902: 10875: 10870: 10850: 10828: 10821: 10697: 10642: 10637: 10592: 10587: 10582: 10577: 10540: 10498: 10493: 10478: 10448: 10351: 10070: 9879: 9838: 9628: 9623: 8911: 8791: 8656: 8461: 8230: 8180: 8170: 8145: 7961: 7956: 7951: 7946: 7941: 7936: 7931: 7926: 7881: 7469: 4835: 4689: 3117:"USAF Will Retire, Not Repair, Damaged B-2; Fleet Shrinking to 19 Aircraft" 2370: 2340: 2336: 2281: 2267: 2074: 1743: 1730: 1711: 1630: 1614: 1506: 1199: 1146: 1050: 1046: 842: 677: 636: 461: 282: 274: 233: 179: 73: 5577:"Portable B-2 bomber shelters are built ... in parts (officially) unknown" 5474: 5319:"America's New B-21 Stealth Bomber vs. Russia's S-300 or S-400: Who Wins?" 4562:"Stalth – First glimpses of the invisible aircraft now under construction" 3878:"Moisture in sensors led to stealth bomber crash, Air Force report says." 3039:"B-2 Bomber: Cost and Operational Issues Letter Report, GAO/NSIAD-97-181." 2347: 911: 12143: 12057: 11829: 11179: 11174: 10932: 10917: 10865: 10843: 10632: 10627: 10622: 10612: 10607: 10602: 10438: 10190: 9915: 9706: 9701: 8766: 8741: 8706: 8696: 8681: 8641: 8626: 8501: 8103: 8098: 7836: 7821: 7811: 7806: 7736: 7726: 7577: 6746:"Damaged B-2 Returns To Palmdale For Repairs A Year After Landing Mishap" 6719:"Old, weak landing gear springs led to a B-2's $ 10M skid off the runway" 4217:|topnews|text|FRONTPAGE "Schwartz Defends Cost of USAF's Next-Gen Bomber" 1595: 1426: 1327: 1304: 1211: 1207: 1195: 1113: 1084:, which may give the B-2 standoff nuclear capability for the first time. 1016: 979: 933: 796: 792: 776: 722: 710: 706: 560: 512: 445: 278: 266: 201: 6133:"B-2 Fire at AAFB Back in February of 2010 Was 'Horrific,' Not 'Minor'." 5350:"How Russia Could Someday Shootdown an F-22, F-35 or B-2 Stealth Bomber" 1338:

technique) for controlling radar returns as during its development (see

12080: 11506: 10155: 9874: 9696: 8701: 8651: 8646: 8616: 8611: 1846: 1739: 1687: 1566: 1558: 1434: 1429:

as the hot exhaust would increase the infrared signature; breaking the

1314: 1220: 1216: 1097: 948:

The development and construction of the B-2 required pioneering use of

741: 315: 270: 3643:

Capaccio, Tony. "The B-2's Stealthy Skins Need Tender, Lengthy Care."

2614:

29 October 1994 – Severely damaged by fire in February 2010, repaired

1686:

reported that prior to the May 2011 U.S. Special Operations raid into

602:

examinations. Nearly all information on the program was kept from the

11473: 7981: 5796:"Air Force Global Strike Command officials assume B-52, B-2 mission." 2012: 1842: 1818: 1651: 1236: 730: 672: 599: 6975:

America's Stealth Fighters and Bombers: B-2, F-117, YF-22, and YF-23

6207:

Hennigan, W. J., "The $ 105M resurrection of a B-2 stealth bomber",

4962:

Air Force Upgrades B-2 Stealth Bomber as Modern Air Defenses Advance

4020:"Northrop Grumman Adding Mobile Targets to B-2 Bomber Capabilities." 3566:"Engineer jailed for selling US stealth bomber technology to China." 1561:. It was responsible for destroying 33% of selected Serbian bombing 1322:

RCS reduction as a result of shape had already been observed on the

11806: 7226:

Sweetman, Bill. "Inside the stealth bomber". Zenith Imprint, 1999.

2199: 2063: 2034:

made an emergency landing at Whiteman AFB. The aircraft landed and

1776: 1691: 1610: 1579: 1543: 1466: 1335: 1292: 1198:

inside a B-2 cockpit with pilot Capt. Luke Jayne during a visit to

1045:

The B-2 has various conventional weapons in its arsenal, including

975: 718: 656: 556: 363: 319: 294: 7317:(Aviation Factfile). Rochester, Kent, UK: Grange Books plc, 2004. 1742:, California, a B-2 drops 47 individual 500 lb (230 kg) 583:

During its design and development, the Northrop B-2 program was a

8568: 6342:"Runway At Whiteman AFB Remains Closed After B-2 Bomber Accident" 3520: 2307: 2303: 1746:

bombs, which is more than half of a B-2's total ordnance payload.

1162: 441: 386:

requested information from U.S. aviation firms about the largest

53:

A U.S. Air Force B-2 Spirit flying over the Pacific Ocean in 2016

7284:(Classic Warplanes). New York: Smithmark Publishers Inc., 1991. 6905:

The Pocket Guide to Military Aircraft: And the World's Airforces

5112:"Flight Control Actuation System Integrator for the B-2 Spirit." 3951:"Debate on Dellums Amendment to 1998 Defense Authorization Act." 1669:

In March 2011, B-2s were the first U.S. aircraft into action in

1210:

aircraft, the B-2 uses a complex quadruplex computer-controlled

810: 11598: 11465: 11280: 6574:"The US Navy – Fact File: AGM-154 Joint Standoff Weapon (JSOW)" 6465:

B-2 that caught fire in 2022 won’t be fixed, Air Force confirms

2314: 1850: 1618: 1462: 1402: 1070: 1035: 941:(6,900 mi; 11,000 km). At cruising altitude, the B-2 800: 504: 221: 213: 7125:

The Precision Revolution: Gps and the Future of Aerial Warfare

3621:

Graham, Bradley. "US to add one B-2 plane to 20 plane fleet."

3154:"USAF to Retire B-1, B-2 in Early 2030s as B-21 Comes On-Line" 1969: 1019:

cruise missile was also intended for use on the B-2 platform.

337:

has nineteen B-2s in service as of 2024; one was destroyed in

11511: 4338:. Air Force Magazine, June 1999. Retrieved 30 December 2015 ( 3781:"US Air Force combat fleet's true operational costs revealed" 2328: 484:

was working to develop stealth aircraft, including a bomber.

433: 424: 383: 367: 6958:

Illustrated Encyclopedia of 20th Century Weapons and Warfare

6436:"B-2 Safety Pause Lifted, Flights Set to Resume Within Days" 1366:

The gap below the air intake has the purpose of keeping the

1362: 752:, and former chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General 609:

The B-2 was first publicly displayed on 22 November 1988 at

11184: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2055:

Restored B-2 Spirit full-scale test unit on display at the

1992: 1626: 1129: 7410: 6773:"B-2 stealth bomber damaged in Missouri emergency landing" 5529:"Northrop Grumman Applies New Coating to Operational B-2." 5225:"Why the Air Force Only Has 20 B-2 Spirit Stealth Bombers" 4168:"Flying and Fighting in the B-2: America’s Stealth Bomber" 3814:"Key Senate Backer of Stealth Bomber Sees It in Jeopardy." 3480:"The Story Behind Aviation Week's B-2 Rollout Photo Scoop" 8567: 7143:

Future Flight: The Next Generation of Aircraft Technology

6483: 6481: 6479: 6477: 6407: 6127: 6125: 444:. It developed stealth technology, LO (low observables), 402:

had experience in this field with the development of the

11123: 4879:"B-2 Stealth Bomber To Carry New Nuclear Cruise Missile" 4190:"Pentagon Wants Unmanned Stealth Bomber to Replace B-2." 3600:"President George H. Bush's State of the Union Address." 2926: 1389:

of the exhaust. At the engine intake, cold air from the

5032:"Upgrade drags Stealth Bomber IT systems into the 90s." 4362:, pp. 11, 17, 29. Air Force Association, February 2007. 4360:"Return of the Bomber, The Future of Long-Range Strike" 3692:

B-2 Bomber: Status of Cost, Development, and Production

2140:

2: pilot (left seat) and mission commander (right seat)

1617:

and an undisclosed "forward operating location". Other

1318:

Illustration of the B-2's basic radar reflection angles

895:

conventional payload, and the ability to carry nuclear

468:

platform had flown and proven the concepts. During the

7085:

Skunk Works: A Personal Memoir of My Years of Lockheed

7030:

B-2 Spirit: The Most Capable War Machine on the Planet

6973:

Goodall, James C. "The Northrop B-2A Stealth Bomber."

6474: 6312:

United States Air Force Judge Advocate General's Corps

6122: 5976:"B-2 bombers kill nearly 100 ISIS terrorists in Libya" 5276: 5274: 4845:

defpro.com, 22 July 2009. Retrieved 13 September 2009.

3892:"Zell Miller's Attack on Kerry: A Little Out Of Date." 3147: 3145: 2051: 242:-guided bombs, or sixteen 2,400-pound (1,100 kg) 232:, such as up to eighty 500-pound class (230 kg) 7329:

The World's Great Stealth and Reconnaissance Aircraft

6977:. St. Paul, Minnesota: MBI Publishing Company, 1992. 6694:"Air Force names final B-2 bomber 'Spirit of America" 5660:"JDAM continues to be warfighter's weapon of choice." 5538:"Northrop Grumman Integrated Systems", 19 April 2004. 423:

Plans were well advanced by the summer of 1975, when

3757:"Why Can't the Air Force Build an Affordable Plane?" 3112: 3110: 3108: 3106: 3083: 3081: 3079: 3077: 2839: 2277:

36× 750 lb (340 kg) CBU class bombs on BRA

2104:

Orthographically projected diagram of the B-2 Spirit

1945:

6510th Test Wing – Edwards AFB, California 1989–1992

1401:) and is mixed with hot exhaust air just before the 729:

per year in 1989 dollars, something Committee Chair

6255:"B-2 Spirit sitting wing down after landing mishap" 5271: 4885:. Federation of American Scientists. Archived from 4813:(POGO), 16 April 2004. Retrieved 13 September 2009. 4042:"B-2 radar modernization program contract awarded." 3142: 3075: 3073: 3071: 3069: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3061: 3059: 3057: 882:so as to continue in the nuclear mission until the 606:(GAO) and members of Congress until the mid-1980s. 7082: 6050:"Air Force: Sensor moisture caused 1st B-2 crash." 5832:"Crisis in Libya: U.S. bombs Qaddafi's airfields." 5473:. Federation of American Scientist. Archived from 5399: 4955: 4658:"Dextroamphetamine Use During B-2 Combat Mission." 3718: 3714: 3712: 3428:"Defense worker loses job over his ties to India". 3051:(GAO), 14 August 1997. Retrieved 13 December 2018. 1501:. B2SS hangars are known to have been deployed to 1445:which would also increase the infrared signature. 1219:-static sensing plates, as opposed to traditional 30:Several terms redirect here. For other uses, see 7051:, No. 65, September–October 1996, pp. 8–19. 6030: 6028: 5541: 5144: 5142: 4139: 4137: 3838:"Kasich still touts opposition to stealth bomber" 3103: 2986:, Aircraft Illustrated special, Ian Allan (1991). 2895:List of military electronics of the United States 2095: 1885:(Associate) – Whiteman AFB, Missouri 2009–present 12160: 7371:B-2 Stealth Bomber article on How It Works Daily 7161:The Politics of Strategic Aircraft Modernization 6040:, 23 February 2008. Retrieved 13 September 2009. 6003:"An Extraordinarily Expensive Way to Fight ISIS" 5222: 4855:"AGM-158 JASSM Cruise Missiles: FY 2011 Orders." 4685:"An Extraordinarily Expensive Way to Fight ISIS" 4415: 4063:, 30 December 2008. Retrieved 13 September 2009. 4047:, 30 December 2008. Retrieved 13 September 2009. 3605:, 28 January 1992. Retrieved 13 September 2009. 3054: 1718:(JDAM) bombs. These strikes were followed by an 1206:To address the inherent flight instability of a 646: 519:". Northrop had prior experience developing the 362:". The concept was to build an aircraft with an 6816:Air Warfare: an International Encyclopedia: A-L 6618: 6520:National Museum of the United States Air Force. 6498:National Museum of the United States Air Force. 6176: 6174: 6156:"Program office brings home 'wounded warrior'." 5868:"Libya military operation: Who should command?" 5821:, 24 October 2008. Retrieved 13 September 2009. 5786:, 25 October 2008. Retrieved 13 September 2009. 5725:"Pressure mounts as stealth bombers deployed". 5471:"VI – STEALTH AIRCRAFT: EAGLES AMONG SPARROWS?" 4629: 4625: 4623: 4411: 4409: 4407: 4405: 4403: 4401: 4388: 4386: 4384: 4374: 4372: 4370: 4368: 4166:Mitchell Institute Aerospace Advantage Podcast 3719:Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2023). 3709: 2824: 2112:A B-2 in formation flight with eight U.S. Navy 1557:The B-2's combat debut was in 1999, during the 1145:computers, which are interconnected through 26 655:, effectively eliminating the Spirit's primary 7193:B-2 Spirit, The Great Book of Modern Warplanes 7127:, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 7123:Rip, Michael Russell; Hasik, James M. (2002), 7014:, Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, 6875:Dawson, T.W.G., G.F. Kitchen and G.B. Glider. 6257:. The War Zone. September 2021. Archived from 6025: 5556:, 8 January 2007. 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(September 1986). 4277: 4074:"B-2 passes modernisation milestones." 3477: 3337: 2961:"2009 USAF Almanac, Fact and Figures." 2323: 2046: 1512: 1124:A maintenance crew servicing a B-2 at 499:followed, funded under the code name " 11097: 10366: 8541: 7384: 7190: 7140: 6935: 6813: 6770: 6716: 6571: 6565: 6415:from the original on 22 December 2022 6383:from the original on 17 December 2022 6352:from the original on 13 December 2022 6302: 6284:from the original on 12 December 2022 6235:from the original on 14 December 2014 5809:"USAF Creates Global Strike Command." 5701:"B-2s Turn Out Not To Be Solo Flyers" 5406:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 13. 5360:from the original on 20 November 2018 5329:from the original on 15 November 2018 5253: 5223:Sebastien Roblin (11 November 2018). 5181:from the original on 15 February 2020 4980: 4928:from the original on 15 February 2020 4877:Kristensen, Hans M. 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(September 2013). 4378:Croddy and Wirtz 2005, pp. 341–342. 3779:Trimble, Stephen (26 August 2011). 3195:Crickmore and Crickmore 2003, p. 9. 3186:, v. 106 (1066), 2002, pp. 629–641. 2152:172 ft 0 in (52.4 m) 1660:intercontinental ballistic missiles 1503:Naval Support Facility Diego Garcia 1346:, was made possible by advances in 1168:active electronically scanned array 482:United States Department of Defense 24: 7274: 6992:B-2 Systems Engineering Case Study 6771:Cohen, Rachel (12 December 2022). 5703:. Associated Press. Archived from 5636:. Associated Press. Archived from 5631: 5348:Majumdar, Dave (8 November 2018). 4541:from the original on 26 March 2019 3217:, 2003. Retrieved 5 November 2012. 3021: 2959:Mehuron, Tamar A., Assoc. Editor. 2938:"Northrop B-2A Spirit fact sheet." 2753:15 May 1996 – Active, Flight Test 2164:5,140 sq ft (478 m) 2158:17 ft 0 in (5.18 m) 2146:69 ft 0 in (21.0 m) 2099: 1755:(19 aircraft in active inventory) 1548:Oklahoma City Air Logistics Center 1185: 25: 12225: 11253:Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II 11215:McDonnell Douglas A-12 Avenger II 7343: 7081:Rich, Ben R.; Janos, Leo (1996), 6960:, vol. 21, London: Phoebus, 6956:Fitzsimons, Bernard, ed. (1978), 6889:, Norwalk, Connecticut: AIRtime, 6860:Croddy, Eric and James J. Wirtz. 6580:from the original on 2 April 2018 6488:"Factsheet: Northrop B-2 Spirit." 6185:. Whiteman.af.mil. 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ABC-CLIO. 2002. p. 466. 4901: 4870: 4848: 4828: 4816: 4811:Project On Government Oversight 4775: 4763: 4751: 4716: 4650: 4584: 4553: 4527: 4503: 4479: 4467: 4440: 4352: 4321: 4302: 4271: 4249: 4226: 4209: 4183: 4160: 4111: 4089: 4066: 4050: 4035: 4012: 3989: 3966: 3932: 3920: 3907: 3885: 3872: 3829: 3740:Gross Domestic Product deflator 3697: 3684: 3662: 3650: 3637: 3615: 3593: 3558: 3543: 3513: 3490: 3478:Norris, Guy (2 December 2022). 3471: 3443: 3420: 3392: 3380: 3364: 3343: 3331: 3301: 3244: 3232: 3220: 3198: 3189: 3176: 3158:Air & Space Forces Magazine 3121:Air & Space Forces Magazine 2188:167,000 pounds (75,750 kg) 1761:Air Force Global Strike Command 1664:Air Force Global Strike Command 1419:carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer 1413:, this results in less energy ( 1166:to make the AN/APQ-181 into an 11160:Boeing Model 853-21 Quiet Bird 7354:gallery on U.S. Air Force site 5495:Croddy and Wirtz 2005, p. 342. 5167:. Zenith Imprint. p. 55. 4914:. Zenith Imprint. p. 57. 4630:Tirpak, John A. (April 1996). 3555:. Retrieved:: 1 December 2010. 3126: 2976: 2950:. Retrieved 13 September 2009. 2890:List of aerospace megaprojects 2235:50,000 ft (15,200 m) 2096:Specifications (B-2A Block 30) 1802:394th Combat Training Squadron 1244:The B-2's low-observable, or " 773:House Armed Services Committee 455: 348: 318:in 1999. It was later used in 13: 1: 11388:Next Generation Air Dominance 11378:Light Helicopter Experimental 11312:General Atomics MQ-20 Avenger 7414:aircraft and aircraft engines 7331:. New York: Smithmark, 1991. 7260:, Botley Oxford, UK: Osprey, 6628:. The War Zone. 17 May 2019. 6440:Air And Space Forces Magazine 6434:Gordon, Chris (18 May 2023). 4971:– Military.com, 24 April 2015 4632:"With the First B-2 Squadron" 4511:The B-2 Spirit stealth bomber 4278:Osborn, Kris (25 June 2014). 3721:"What Was the U.S. GDP Then?" 3527:. Federal Bureau of Prisons. 2920: 1792:325th Bomb Squadron 1998–2005 824:Air Force Research Laboratory 705:bipartisan, with Congressmen 699: 647:Program costs and procurement 289:made it controversial in the 269:costs (including production, 12204:Aircraft first flown in 1989 11294:Northrop Grumman B-21 Raider 7195:, St. Paul, Minnesota: MBI, 7159:Sorenson, David, S. (1995), 7109:, New York: Back Bay Books, 6808:US General Accounting Office 5699:Diamond, John (7 May 1999). 5289:Northrop Grumman Corporation 5201:"Why contrails hang around." 3939:US General Accounting Office 3927:US General Accounting Office 3704:US General Accounting Office 3657:US General Accounting Office 2885:List of flying wing aircraft 2863:Northrop Grumman B-21 Raider 2825:Notable appearances in media 2798: 2779: 2760: 2741: 2722: 2703: 2684: 2662: 2643: 2621: 2602: 2583: 2564: 2545: 2526: 2507: 2488: 2469: 2450: 2431: 2412: 2088:s nose wheel door, with its 1725: 1716:Joint Direct Attack Munition 1448: 1348:computational fluid dynamics 1095:low probability of intercept 1040:Joint Direct Attack Munition 884:Mobile User Objective System 680:of $ 566 million each. 480:publicly disclosed that the 343:Northrop Grumman B-21 Raider 253:in a stealth configuration. 7: 11778:Global Combat Air Programme 11749:Global Combat Air Programme 11684:Global Combat Air Programme 11248:Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor 11051:Fighter-bomber, in F-series 7258:B-1B Lancer Units in Combat 7256:Withington, Thomas (2006), 6936:Evans, Nicholas D. 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(1993), 6522:Retrieved: 24 August 2011. 6500:Retrieved: 24 August 2011. 6168:Retrieved: 5 January 2012. 5632:Ho, David (30 June 1999). 5066:"AN/APQ-181 Radar System." 4801:"Air Force programs: B-2." 4418:"The Stealth Bomber Elite" 3521:"Thomas Patrick Cavanaugh" 3349:Sweetman 1991, pp. 21, 30. 2828: 2810:11 November 1997 – Active 2595:30 December 1994 – Active 1962: 1929:420th Flight Test Squadron 1923:419th Flight Test Squadron 1915:, California (has one B-2) 1901:Air Force Materiel Command 1600:Operation Enduring Freedom 1376:infra-red search and track 1350:, and first tested on the 1303:The B-2's clean, low-drag 1274:electronic countermeasures 1231: 1082:Long Range Standoff Weapon 1063:CBU-97 Sensor Fuzed Weapon 470:1980 presidential election 440:in development in 1979 at 353: 29: 12174:Northrop Grumman aircraft 12122: 12093: 12066: 12048: 12041: 12012: 11985: 11967: 11953: 11946: 11914: 11896: 11889: 11867: 11849: 11842: 11820: 11797: 11790: 11761: 11739: 11721: 11714: 11692: 11674: 11651: 11642: 11615: 11597: 11559: 11531: 11524: 11482: 11464: 11441: 11434: 11405: 11363:Advanced Tactical Fighter 11355: 11327:Lockheed Martin Sea Ghost 11302: 11279: 11261: 11238: 11150: 11141: 11132: 11071: 11050: 11029: 11022: 10999: 10971: 10558: 10528: 10507: 10426: 10417: 10339: 10113: 10020: 9979: 9908: 9867: 9826: 9805: 9689: 9682: 8580: 8525: 8404: 8386: 8316: 8265: 8249: 8213: 8138: 8122: 8081: 8045: 8038: 8005: 7459: 7428: 7419: 7300:Inside the Stealth Bomber 7063:Richardson, Doug (2001), 7032:, New York: McGraw-Hill, 6814:Boyne, Walter J. 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Retrieved 8 June 2011. 4001:9 September 2018 at the 3917:, 5 August 1997, p. 206. 3625:, 22 March 1996, p. A20. 3387:Griffin & Kinnu 2007 3227:Griffin & Kinnu 2007 3088:"B-2 Spirit Fact Sheet." 2943:28 February 2008 at the 2900: 2772:30 August 1996 – Active 2591:Spirit of South Carolina 2576:17 August 1994 – Active 2538:21 August 1994 – Active 2405:Time in service, status 1696:death of Osama bin Laden 1637: 1589: 1529: 1298: 1028:synthetic aperture radar 537:research and development 308:Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk 11731:Mitsubishi X-2 Shinshin 11661:British Aerospace P.125 11337:Northrop Grumman RQ-180 7364:3 November 2012 at the 7209:Sweetman, Bill (2005), 7163:, New York: Greenwood, 6832:Chudoba, Bernd (2001), 6548:"B-2 Technical Details" 6138:22 October 2020 at the 6077:4 February 2017 at the 5814:11 January 2012 at the 5779:26 October 2008 at the 5757:2 February 2012 at the 5534:9 December 2011 at the 5161:Sweetman, Bill (1999). 4908:Sweetman, Bill (1999). 4195:14 January 2012 at the 4124:7 December 2010 at the 3634:Eden 2004, pp. 350–353. 3525:Locate a Federal Inmate 3433:7 November 2012 at the 3093:26 January 2017 at the 3002:United States Air Force 2966:13 January 2013 at the 2880:List of bomber aircraft 2791:5 August 1997 – Active 2557:31 March 1994 – Active 2361:B-2 in flight over the 2343:in Guam on 23 June 2006 2131:General characteristics 2009:Whiteman Air Force Base 1989:Andersen Air Force Base 1959:Accidents and incidents 1773:Whiteman Air Force Base 1752:United States Air Force 1623:Andersen Air Force Base 1594:The B-2 saw service in 1582:. On 7 May 1999, a B-2 1540:Whiteman Air Force Base 1495:Andersen Air Force Base 1276:, making the bomber a " 1108:(GPS) guidance, NAS-26 1102:terrain-following radar 994:Armaments and equipment 848:Whiteman Air Force Base 833:may take on its strike/ 633:Thomas Patrick Cavanagh 592:Pico Rivera, California 450:electronic intelligence 335:United States Air Force 189:technology designed to 116:United States Air Force 11630:Sukhoi S-70 Okhotnik-B 11584:Sukhoi Su-75 Checkmate 11422:Boeing MQ-28 Ghost Bat 11393:Next-Generation Bomber 11347:General Atomics XQ-67A 11225:Northrop Grumman X-47B 6903:Donald, David (2004), 6515:15 August 2011 at the 6112:5 October 2013 at the 5071:24 August 2012 at the 5037:10 August 2017 at the 4865:Defense Industry Daily 4841:21 August 2009 at the 4315:Defense Industry Daily 4025:12 August 2018 at the 3941:September 1996, p. 72. 3929:September 1996, p. 70. 3609:24 August 2010 at the 3503:15 August 2022 at the 3309:"Northrop B-2A Spirit" 2787:Spirit of Pennsylvania 2655:28 June 1995 – Active 2500:18 July 1997 – Active 2424:14 July 2000 – Active 2382: 2354: 2344: 2120: 2105: 2059: 1977: 1913:Edwards Air Force Base 1866:715th Weapons Squadron 1860:325th Weapons Squadron 1747: 1671:Operation Odyssey Dawn 1655: 1526: 1477:engineering tolerances 1397:, first tested on the 1395:boundary layer suction 1371: 1370:out of the jet engine. 1319: 1241: 1203: 1133: 1003: 928:, which could include 916: 865:Next-Generation Bomber 857: 815: 669:Clinton administration 653:Soviet Union dissolved 626:Edwards Air Force Base 580: 492: 195:anti-aircraft defenses 156:; 35 years ago 11342:Kratos XQ-58 Valkyrie 11317:Boeing MQ-25 Stingray 11200:Lockheed Martin FB-22 11030:Redesignated A-series 7350:B-2 Spirit fact sheet 5845:"Bombers Over Libya." 5807:Chavanne, Bettina H. 5441:"RAND Report Page 37" 4516:25 April 2014 at the 4492:25 April 2014 at the 4487:Bombers: Northrop B-2 4173:4 August 2021 at the 3762:23 April 2017 at the 3468:Pace 1999, pp. 29–36. 3426:Vartaebedian, Ralph. 3297:Rich & Janos 1996 3044:22 March 2017 at the 2734:3 July 1996 – Active 2519:23 May 1997 – Active 2515:Spirit of Mississippi 2481:22 May 1999 – Active 2369:, Missouri) with the 2360: 2350: 2331: 2196:General Electric F118 2111: 2103: 2054: 1985:crashed on the runway 1972: 1733: 1694:that resulted in the 1645: 1613:, B-2s operated from 1552:Tinker Air Force Base 1520: 1365: 1317: 1285:anti-reflective paint 1239: 1193: 1123: 1001: 950:computer-aided design 914: 875:transmissions as the 852: 813: 735:flight control system 578: 571:Secrecy and espionage 490: 478:Carter administration 412:radar-absorbing paint 258:Carter administration 230:thermonuclear weapons 11551:Mikoyan Project 1.44 11373:Joint Strike Fighter 11205:Lockheed Martin X-35 11124:Countries producing 11000:Tri-Service sequence 7191:Spick, Mike (2000), 7028:Pace, Steve (1999), 6699:9 April 2015 at the 6668:9 April 2015 at the 6411:. 21 December 2022. 5948:3 April 2013 at the 5920:. 9 September 2012. 5891:"Getting Bin Laden." 5889:Schmidle, Nicholas. 5850:30 July 2012 at the 5707:on 24 September 2015 5687:Rip & Hasik 2002 5640:on 24 September 2015 5516:Flight International 5445:Flight International 5354:nationalinterest.org 5323:nationalinterest.org 4806:27 July 2011 at the 4782:Rip & Hasik 2002 4770:Rip & Hasik 2002 4646:on 12 November 2013. 4345:4 March 2016 at the 4329:"The Bomber Roadmap" 4101:, 19 November 2010. 4079:31 July 2009 at the 3956:9 April 2015 at the 3897:14 July 2007 at the 3819:6 March 2016 at the 3674:17 June 2010 at the 3647:, 27 May 1997, p. 1. 3416:– via YouTube. 3210:21 July 2011 at the 3184:Aeronautical Journal 2982:Thornborough, A.M.; 2815:AV-22 through AV-165 2768:Spirit of Kitty Hawk 2610:Spirit of Washington 2572:Spirit of California 2386:Individual aircraft 2025:Spirit of Washington 2021:Spirit of Washington 1823:Eglin Air Force Base 1666:on 1 February 2010. 1499:Eglin Air Force Base 1411:Stefan–Boltzmann law 1409:). According to the 1374:Some analysts claim 1344:continuous curvature 1088:Avionics and systems 783:Further developments 615:Palmdale, California 539:on the B-2 by 1989. 345:is to replace them. 174:, also known as the 94:Northrop Corporation 12076:Bayraktar Kızılelma 11702:BAE Systems Taranis 11666:BAE Systems Replica 11289:Northrop B-2 Spirit 11220:Northrop Tacit Blue 11170:Boeing Bird of Prey 10028:Apollo Lunar Module 7282:Northrop B-2 Spirit 6510:"Cold War Gallery." 6189:on 24 December 2013 6055:4 June 2011 at the 5896:13 May 2015 at the 5729:, 28 February 2003. 5511:16 May 2013 at the 5477:on 13 February 2008 4860:2 June 2012 at the 4642:(4). Archived from 4290:on 23 February 2017 4267:on 1 November 2013. 4223:. 29 February 2012. 3979:21 May 2010 at the 3742:figures follow the 3623:The Washington Post 3571:3 July 2017 at the 3454:The Washington Post 3440:, 16 February 1993. 3370:Van Voorst, Bruce. 3205:"Stealth Aircraft." 2806:Spirit of Louisiana 2389: 2324:Individual aircraft 2180:Max takeoff weight: 2047:Aircraft on display 2036:went off the runway 2001:393rd Bomb Squadron 1893:110th Bomb Squadron 1796:393rd Bomb Squadron 1538:, was delivered to 1513:Operational history 1439:aerodynamic heating 1407:Ryan AQM-91 Firefly 1352:Northrop Tacit Blue 1309:radar cross-section 988:USAF Weapons School 968:radar cross-section 799:converted from the 663:address, President 388:radar cross-section 172:Northrop B-2 Spirit 59:General information 32:B2 (disambiguation) 11502:CAIG Wing Loong-10 11322:Boeing Phantom Ray 11190:Lockheed Have Blue 11135:Stealth technology 10418:Original sequences 9909:Utility/Transports 7280:Richardson, Doug. 7103:Rich, Ben (1994), 6261:on 14 August 2022. 6072:"B-2 crash video." 5866:Marcus, Jonathan. 5855:Air Force Magazine 5677:, pp. 177–178 5378:Dawson 1957, p. 3. 5256:, pp. 114–115 5199:Gosnell, Mariana. 5151:, pp. 201–202 5102:, pp. 256–258 4784:, pp. 242–246 4760:, pp. 120–121 4636:Air Force Magazine 4395:, pp. 340–341 4178:Mitchell Institute 4129:Air Force Magazine 4072:Jennings, Gareth. 4018:McKinney, Brooks. 3972:McKinney, Brooks. 3824:The New York Times 3791:on 20 October 2012 3578:, 24 January 2011. 3508:The New York Times 2971:Air Force Magazine 2749:Spirit of Oklahoma 2651:Spirit of Nebraska 2553:Spirit of Missouri 2458:Spirit of New York 2385: 2383: 2375:St. Louis Basilica 2355: 2352:Spirit of New York 2345: 2121: 2106: 2060: 1978: 1875:Air National Guard 1811:Air Combat Command 1787:13th Bomb Squadron 1748: 1736:live fire exercise 1675:Libyan no-fly zone 1656: 1648:Spirit of Missouri 1572:JDAM "smart bombs" 1536:Spirit of Missouri 1527: 1470:composite material 1387:infrared signature 1372: 1340:Lockheed Have Blue 1320: 1242: 1204: 1134: 1004: 917: 887:cockpit upgrades. 873:very low frequency 837:mission, carrying 816: 754:John Shalikashvili 661:State of the Union 581: 493: 472:campaign in 1979, 18:B-2 Stealth Bomber 12214:Strategic bombers 12169:Northrop aircraft 12156: 12155: 12152: 12151: 12118: 12117: 12110:KAI KF-21 Boramae 12089: 12088: 12037: 12036: 12008: 12007: 11942: 11941: 11885: 11884: 11838: 11837: 11786: 11785: 11757: 11756: 11710: 11709: 11638: 11637: 11520: 11519: 11430: 11429: 11401: 11400: 11091: 11090: 11087: 11086: 10972:Long-range bomber 10554: 10553: 10360: 10359: 10109: 10108: 8535: 8534: 8382: 8381: 8034: 8033: 7267:978-1-8417-6992-9 7249:978-1-8510-9947-4 7220:978-0-7603-1940-6 7202:978-0-7603-0893-6 7170:978-0-275-95258-7 7152:978-0-8306-4376-9 7134:978-1-5575-0973-4 7116:978-0-316-74330-3 7096:978-0-3167-4300-6 7074:978-0-7603-1051-9 7065:Stealth Warplanes 7039:978-0-07-134433-3 7021:978-0-4700-5996-8 7005:on 22 August 2009 6967:978-0-8393-6175-6 6949:978-0-1314-4021-0 6914:978-0-681-03185-2 6896:978-1-880588-67-3 6843:978-3-83112-982-9 6825:978-1-57607-345-2 6810:, September 1996. 6278:Stars and Stripes 6210:Los Angeles Times 5750:McNeil, Kirsten. 5582:Stars and Stripes 5439:Radar, Cordless. 5413:978-1-4081-7553-8 5229:National Interest 5174:978-1-61060-689-9 5005:978-1-57607-345-2 4921:978-1-61060-689-9 4601:. 14 March 2007. 4200:Los Angeles Times 4143:Kelley, Michael. 4119:"Nukes for NATO." 4056:Warwick, Graham. 3842:Columbus Dispatch 3679:Strategyworld.com 3456:, 9 October 1989. 3438:Los Angeles Times 2822: 2821: 2730:Spirit of Florida 2670:Spirit of Georgia 2477:Spirit of Indiana 2439:Spirit of Arizona 2420:Spirit of America 2381:in the background 2363:Mississippi River 2333:Spirit of Indiana 2302:Standoff weapon: 2032:Spirit of Georgia 1453:According to the 1415:thermal radiation 1180:lightning strikes 1013:B83 nuclear bombs 880:-class submarines 839:B61 nuclear bombs 750:General Mike Ryan 665:George H. W. Bush 396:McDonnell Douglas 377:acoustic locators 373:infrared scanners 244:B83 nuclear bombs 178:, is an American 168: 167: 154:17 July 1989 143:Introduction date 16:(Redirected from 12221: 12189:Stealth aircraft 12127: 12126: 12098: 12097: 12046: 12045: 12017: 12016: 11951: 11950: 11894: 11893: 11847: 11846: 11795: 11794: 11766: 11765: 11719: 11718: 11649: 11648: 11529: 11528: 11439: 11438: 11410: 11409: 11148: 11147: 11126:stealth aircraft 11118: 11111: 11104: 11095: 11094: 11027: 11026: 10424: 10423: 10387: 10380: 10373: 10364: 10363: 9687: 9686: 8573:Northrop Grumman 8562: 8555: 8548: 8539: 8538: 8043: 8042: 7426: 7425: 7405: 7398: 7391: 7382: 7381: 7270: 7252: 7223: 7211:Lockheed Stealth 7205: 7187: 7181: 7173: 7155: 7137: 7119: 7099: 7088: 7077: 7042: 7024: 7006: 7004: 6997: 6970: 6952: 6917: 6899: 6846: 6828: 6793: 6792: 6790: 6788: 6768: 6762: 6761: 6759: 6757: 6748:. The War Zone. 6741: 6735: 6734: 6732: 6730: 6714: 6708: 6691: 6685: 6682: 6676: 6660: 6654: 6648: 6642: 6641: 6639: 6637: 6622: 6616: 6615: 6613: 6611: 6596: 6590: 6589: 6587: 6585: 6569: 6563: 6562: 6560: 6558: 6552:Northrop Grumman 6544: 6538: 6532: 6523: 6507: 6501: 6485: 6472: 6462: 6456: 6455: 6453: 6451: 6431: 6425: 6424: 6422: 6420: 6399: 6393: 6392: 6390: 6388: 6377:Business Insider 6368: 6362: 6361: 6359: 6357: 6337: 6331: 6330: 6328: 6326: 6321:on 17 March 2022 6320: 6314:. 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12218: 12159: 12158: 12157: 12148: 12114: 12085: 12062: 12033: 12029:Flygsystem 2020 12004: 11981: 11963: 11938: 11929:Dassault nEUROn 11910: 11881: 11877:Dassault nEUROn 11863: 11834: 11816: 11812:Sukhoi/HAL FGFA 11782: 11753: 11735: 11706: 11688: 11670: 11644: 11634: 11611: 11593: 11589:Sukhoi/HAL FGFA 11555: 11541:Yakovlev Yak-43 11516: 11497:AVIC Dark Sword 11478: 11460: 11426: 11397: 11351: 11298: 11275: 11257: 11234: 11143: 11137: 11128: 11122: 11092: 11083: 11067: 11046: 11018: 11001: 10995: 10973: 10967: 10560: 10550: 10524: 10503: 10419: 10413: 10391: 10361: 10356: 10335: 10105: 10016: 9975: 9904: 9863: 9822: 9801: 9678: 8582: 8576: 8566: 8536: 8531: 8521: 8462:Freedom Fighter 8400: 8388: 8378: 8312: 8261: 8245: 8209: 8134: 8118: 8077: 8030: 8001: 7455: 7421: 7415: 7409: 7366:Wayback Machine 7346: 7277: 7275:Further reading 7268: 7250: 7221: 7203: 7175: 7174: 7171: 7153: 7135: 7117: 7097: 7075: 7040: 7022: 7002: 6995: 6968: 6950: 6915: 6897: 6844: 6826: 6801: 6796: 6786: 6784: 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4135: 4126:Wayback Machine 4116: 4112: 4107:Wayback Machine 4094: 4090: 4081:Wayback Machine 4071: 4067: 4055: 4051: 4040: 4036: 4027:Wayback Machine 4017: 4013: 4003:Wayback Machine 3994: 3990: 3981:Wayback Machine 3971: 3967: 3963:, 23 June 1997. 3958:Wayback Machine 3949: 3945: 3937: 3933: 3925: 3921: 3912: 3908: 3899:Wayback Machine 3890: 3886: 3877: 3873: 3865: 3861: 3851: 3849: 3834: 3830: 3821:Wayback Machine 3812:Schmitt, Eric. 3811: 3804: 3794: 3792: 3777: 3773: 3764:Wayback Machine 3754: 3750: 3731: 3729: 3717: 3710: 3702: 3698: 3689: 3685: 3676:Wayback Machine 3667: 3663: 3655: 3651: 3642: 3638: 3633: 3629: 3620: 3616: 3611:Wayback Machine 3598: 3594: 3586: 3582: 3573:Wayback Machine 3564:Foster, Peter. 3563: 3559: 3548: 3544: 3534: 3532: 3519: 3518: 3514: 3505:Wayback Machine 3495: 3491: 3476: 3472: 3467: 3460: 3448: 3444: 3435:Wayback Machine 3425: 3421: 3411: 3409: 3408:on 12 July 2015 3398: 3397: 3393: 3389:, pp. ii–v 3385: 3381: 3369: 3365: 3357: 3353: 3348: 3344: 3336: 3332: 3322: 3320: 3307: 3306: 3302: 3295: 3286: 3278: 3269: 3264: 3257: 3251:Withington 2006 3249: 3245: 3237: 3233: 3225: 3221: 3212:Wayback Machine 3203: 3199: 3194: 3190: 3181: 3177: 3167: 3165: 3150: 3143: 3137:Air Force Times 3131: 3127: 3115: 3104: 3095:Wayback Machine 3086: 3055: 3046:Wayback Machine 3037: 3022: 3012: 3010: 2995: 2994: 2990: 2981: 2977: 2968:Wayback Machine 2958: 2954: 2945:Wayback Machine 2936: 2927: 2923: 2918: 2917: 2912: 2908: 2903: 2850:Aviation portal 2848: 2843: 2841: 2838: 2833: 2827: 2534:Spirit of Texas 2387: 2326: 2259: 2254: 2206: 2129: 2098: 2085: 2049: 2005:509th Bomb Wing 1967: 1961: 1909:412th Test Wing 1883:131st Bomb Wing 1769:509th Bomb Wing 1728: 1640: 1592: 1532: 1515: 1490: 1451: 1381: 1360: 1332:F-117 Nighthawk 1324:Royal Air Force 1301: 1234: 1194:Vice President 1188: 1186:Flight controls 1090: 996: 932:. The B-2 is a 930:nuclear weapons 922: 909: 897:cruise missiles 861:Norton Schwartz 789:processing unit 785: 715:John G. Rowland 702: 649: 596:front companies 573: 565:Vought Aircraft 553:Hughes Aircraft 458: 356: 351: 287:operating costs 160: 158: 155: 96: 80:National origin 54: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 12227: 12217: 12216: 12211: 12206: 12201: 12196: 12191: 12186: 12181: 12176: 12171: 12154: 12153: 12150: 12149: 12147: 12146: 12141: 12139:IAIO Qaher-313 12135: 12133: 12124: 12120: 12119: 12116: 12115: 12113: 12112: 12106: 12104: 12095: 12091: 12090: 12087: 12086: 12084: 12083: 12078: 12072: 12070: 12064: 12063: 12061: 12060: 12054: 12052: 12043: 12039: 12038: 12035: 12034: 12032: 12031: 12025: 12023: 12014: 12010: 12009: 12006: 12005: 12003: 12002: 12000:Airbus Wingman 11997: 11995:EADS Barracuda 11991: 11989: 11983: 11982: 11980: 11979: 11973: 11971: 11965: 11964: 11961:MBB Lampyridae 11959: 11957: 11948: 11944: 11943: 11940: 11939: 11937: 11936: 11934:Airbus Wingman 11931: 11926: 11924:EADS Barracuda 11920: 11918: 11912: 11911: 11909: 11908: 11902: 11900: 11891: 11887: 11886: 11883: 11882: 11880: 11879: 11873: 11871: 11865: 11864: 11862: 11861: 11855: 11853: 11844: 11840: 11839: 11836: 11835: 11833: 11832: 11826: 11824: 11818: 11817: 11815: 11814: 11809: 11803: 11801: 11792: 11788: 11787: 11784: 11783: 11781: 11780: 11774: 11772: 11763: 11759: 11758: 11755: 11754: 11752: 11751: 11745: 11743: 11737: 11736: 11734: 11733: 11727: 11725: 11716: 11712: 11711: 11708: 11707: 11705: 11704: 11698: 11696: 11690: 11689: 11687: 11686: 11680: 11678: 11672: 11671: 11669: 11668: 11663: 11657: 11655: 11646: 11640: 11639: 11636: 11635: 11633: 11632: 11627: 11621: 11619: 11613: 11612: 11610: 11609: 11607:Tupolev PAK DA 11603: 11601: 11595: 11594: 11592: 11591: 11586: 11581: 11576: 11574:Mikoyan PAK DP 11571: 11565: 11563: 11557: 11556: 11554: 11553: 11548: 11543: 11537: 11535: 11526: 11522: 11521: 11518: 11517: 11515: 11514: 11509: 11507:CASC Rainbow-7 11504: 11499: 11494: 11488: 11486: 11480: 11479: 11477: 11476: 11470: 11468: 11462: 11461: 11459: 11458: 11456:Shenyang FC-31 11453: 11447: 11445: 11436: 11432: 11431: 11428: 11427: 11425: 11424: 11418: 11416: 11407: 11403: 11402: 11399: 11398: 11396: 11395: 11390: 11385: 11380: 11375: 11370: 11365: 11359: 11357: 11353: 11352: 11350: 11349: 11344: 11339: 11334: 11329: 11324: 11319: 11314: 11308: 11306: 11300: 11299: 11297: 11296: 11291: 11285: 11283: 11277: 11276: 11274: 11273: 11267: 11265: 11259: 11258: 11256: 11255: 11250: 11244: 11242: 11236: 11235: 11233: 11232: 11230:Northrop YF-23 11227: 11222: 11217: 11212: 11207: 11202: 11197: 11195:Lockheed YF-22 11192: 11187: 11182: 11177: 11172: 11167: 11162: 11156: 11154: 11145: 11139: 11138: 11133: 11130: 11129: 11121: 11120: 11113: 11106: 11098: 11089: 11088: 11085: 11084: 11082: 11081: 11075: 11073: 11069: 11068: 11066: 11065: 11060: 11054: 11052: 11048: 11047: 11045: 11044: 11039: 11033: 11031: 11024: 11023:Non-sequential 11020: 11019: 11017: 11016: 11011: 11005: 11003: 11002:(1962–current) 10997: 10996: 10994: 10993: 10988: 10983: 10977: 10975: 10969: 10968: 10966: 10965: 10960: 10955: 10950: 10945: 10940: 10935: 10930: 10925: 10920: 10915: 10910: 10905: 10900: 10895: 10894: 10893: 10888: 10878: 10873: 10868: 10863: 10858: 10853: 10848: 10847: 10846: 10836: 10831: 10826: 10825: 10824: 10814: 10809: 10804: 10799: 10794: 10789: 10784: 10779: 10774: 10769: 10764: 10763: 10762: 10757: 10747: 10742: 10737: 10732: 10727: 10722: 10717: 10716: 10715: 10705: 10700: 10695: 10690: 10685: 10680: 10675: 10670: 10665: 10660: 10655: 10650: 10645: 10640: 10635: 10630: 10625: 10620: 10615: 10610: 10605: 10600: 10595: 10590: 10585: 10580: 10575: 10570: 10564: 10562: 10556: 10555: 10552: 10551: 10549: 10548: 10543: 10538: 10532: 10530: 10526: 10525: 10523: 10522: 10517: 10511: 10509: 10505: 10504: 10502: 10501: 10496: 10491: 10486: 10481: 10476: 10471: 10466: 10461: 10456: 10451: 10446: 10441: 10436: 10430: 10428: 10421: 10415: 10414: 10390: 10389: 10382: 10375: 10367: 10358: 10357: 10355: 10354: 10349: 10343: 10341: 10337: 10336: 10334: 10333: 10328: 10323: 10318: 10313: 10308: 10303: 10298: 10293: 10288: 10283: 10278: 10273: 10268: 10263: 10258: 10253: 10248: 10243: 10238: 10233: 10228: 10223: 10218: 10213: 10208: 10203: 10198: 10193: 10188: 10183: 10178: 10173: 10168: 10163: 10158: 10153: 10148: 10143: 10138: 10133: 10128: 10123: 10117: 10115: 10111: 10110: 10107: 10106: 10104: 10103: 10098: 10093: 10088: 10083: 10078: 10073: 10068: 10063: 10054: 10045: 10040: 10035: 10030: 10024: 10022: 10018: 10017: 10015: 10014: 10009: 10004: 9999: 9994: 9989: 9983: 9981: 9980:Civil aircraft 9977: 9976: 9974: 9973: 9968: 9963: 9958: 9953: 9948: 9943: 9938: 9933: 9928: 9923: 9918: 9912: 9910: 9906: 9905: 9903: 9902: 9897: 9892: 9887: 9882: 9877: 9871: 9869: 9865: 9864: 9862: 9861: 9856: 9851: 9846: 9841: 9836: 9830: 9828: 9824: 9823: 9821: 9820: 9815: 9809: 9807: 9803: 9802: 9800: 9799: 9794: 9789: 9784: 9779: 9774: 9769: 9764: 9759: 9758: 9757: 9752: 9744: 9739: 9734: 9729: 9724: 9719: 9714: 9709: 9704: 9699: 9693: 9691: 9684: 9680: 9679: 9677: 9676: 9671: 9666: 9661: 9656: 9651: 9646: 9641: 9636: 9631: 9626: 9621: 9616: 9611: 9606: 9605: 9604: 9599: 9591: 9586: 9581: 9576: 9571: 9566: 9561: 9556: 9551: 9546: 9541: 9536: 9531: 9526: 9521: 9516: 9511: 9506: 9501: 9496: 9491: 9486: 9481: 9476: 9471: 9466: 9461: 9456: 9451: 9446: 9441: 9436: 9431: 9426: 9421: 9416: 9411: 9406: 9401: 9396: 9391: 9386: 9381: 9376: 9371: 9366: 9361: 9356: 9351: 9346: 9341: 9336: 9331: 9326: 9321: 9316: 9311: 9306: 9301: 9296: 9291: 9286: 9281: 9276: 9271: 9266: 9261: 9256: 9251: 9246: 9241: 9236: 9231: 9226: 9221: 9216: 9211: 9206: 9201: 9196: 9191: 9186: 9181: 9176: 9171: 9166: 9161: 9156: 9151: 9146: 9141: 9136: 9131: 9126: 9121: 9116: 9111: 9106: 9101: 9096: 9091: 9086: 9081: 9080: 9079: 9069: 9064: 9059: 9054: 9049: 9044: 9039: 9034: 9029: 9024: 9019: 9014: 9009: 9004: 8999: 8994: 8989: 8984: 8979: 8974: 8969: 8964: 8959: 8954: 8949: 8944: 8939: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8919: 8914: 8909: 8904: 8899: 8894: 8889: 8884: 8879: 8874: 8869: 8864: 8859: 8854: 8849: 8844: 8839: 8834: 8829: 8824: 8819: 8814: 8809: 8804: 8799: 8794: 8789: 8784: 8779: 8774: 8769: 8764: 8759: 8754: 8749: 8744: 8739: 8734: 8729: 8724: 8719: 8714: 8709: 8704: 8699: 8694: 8689: 8684: 8679: 8674: 8669: 8664: 8659: 8654: 8649: 8644: 8639: 8634: 8629: 8624: 8619: 8614: 8609: 8604: 8599: 8593: 8586: 8584: 8578: 8577: 8565: 8564: 8557: 8550: 8542: 8533: 8532: 8526: 8523: 8522: 8520: 8519: 8514: 8509: 8504: 8499: 8494: 8489: 8484: 8479: 8474: 8469: 8464: 8459: 8454: 8449: 8444: 8439: 8434: 8429: 8424: 8419: 8414: 8408: 8406: 8402: 8401: 8399: 8398: 8392: 8390: 8384: 8383: 8380: 8379: 8377: 8376: 8371: 8366: 8361: 8356: 8351: 8346: 8341: 8336: 8331: 8326: 8320: 8318: 8314: 8313: 8311: 8310: 8305: 8300: 8295: 8290: 8285: 8280: 8275: 8269: 8267: 8263: 8262: 8260: 8259: 8253: 8251: 8247: 8246: 8244: 8243: 8238: 8233: 8228: 8223: 8217: 8215: 8214:Reconnaissance 8211: 8210: 8208: 8207: 8202: 8197: 8192: 8187: 8178: 8173: 8168: 8163: 8158: 8153: 8148: 8142: 8140: 8136: 8135: 8133: 8132: 8126: 8124: 8120: 8119: 8117: 8116: 8111: 8106: 8101: 8096: 8091: 8085: 8083: 8079: 8078: 8076: 8075: 8070: 8065: 8060: 8055: 8049: 8047: 8040: 8036: 8035: 8032: 8031: 8029: 8024: 8019: 8014: 8009: 8007: 8003: 8002: 8000: 7999: 7994: 7989: 7984: 7979: 7974: 7969: 7964: 7959: 7954: 7949: 7944: 7939: 7934: 7929: 7924: 7919: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7899: 7894: 7889: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7854: 7849: 7844: 7839: 7834: 7829: 7824: 7819: 7814: 7809: 7804: 7799: 7794: 7789: 7784: 7779: 7774: 7769: 7764: 7759: 7754: 7749: 7744: 7739: 7734: 7729: 7724: 7719: 7714: 7709: 7704: 7699: 7694: 7689: 7684: 7679: 7674: 7669: 7664: 7659: 7654: 7649: 7644: 7639: 7634: 7629: 7624: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7599: 7594: 7589: 7584: 7575: 7570: 7565: 7560: 7555: 7550: 7545: 7540: 7535: 7530: 7525: 7520: 7511: 7506: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7486: 7481: 7476: 7463: 7461: 7457: 7456: 7454: 7453: 7448: 7443: 7438: 7432: 7430: 7429:'Greek' series 7423: 7417: 7416: 7408: 7407: 7400: 7393: 7385: 7379: 7378: 7373: 7368: 7356: 7345: 7344:External links 7342: 7341: 7340: 7326: 7311: 7296:Sweetman, Bill 7293: 7276: 7273: 7272: 7271: 7266: 7253: 7248: 7235: 7224: 7219: 7206: 7201: 7188: 7169: 7156: 7151: 7138: 7133: 7120: 7115: 7100: 7095: 7078: 7073: 7060: 7048:Air Enthusiast 7043: 7038: 7025: 7020: 7007: 6986: 6971: 6966: 6953: 6948: 6933: 6918: 6913: 6900: 6895: 6882: 6873: 6858: 6847: 6842: 6829: 6824: 6811: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6794: 6763: 6736: 6709: 6686: 6677: 6655: 6643: 6617: 6591: 6564: 6539: 6524: 6502: 6473: 6471:. 13 May 2024. 6457: 6426: 6394: 6363: 6332: 6295: 6264: 6246: 6215: 6200: 6181:Candy Knight. 6170: 6154:Mayer, Daryl. 6147: 6121: 6099: 6083: 6064: 6042: 6024: 5993: 5966: 5954: 5935: 5905: 5901:The New Yorker 5882: 5859: 5836: 5823: 5800: 5788: 5766: 5743: 5731: 5718: 5691: 5679: 5667: 5651: 5624: 5612: 5600: 5558: 5547:Fulghum, D.A. 5540: 5520: 5497: 5488: 5462: 5431: 5412: 5392: 5380: 5371: 5340: 5309: 5270: 5258: 5246: 5215: 5192: 5173: 5153: 5138: 5126: 5104: 5092: 5080: 5058: 5046: 5023: 5004: 4985: 4973: 4954: 4939: 4920: 4900: 4869: 4867:, 14 May 2011. 4847: 4834:Mayer, Daryl. 4827: 4815: 4786: 4774: 4762: 4750: 4727: 4715: 4700: 4672: 4649: 4619: 4583: 4568:. p. 76. 4552: 4526: 4502: 4478: 4476:, p. 2282 4466: 4451: 4439: 4397: 4380: 4364: 4351: 4320: 4301: 4270: 4248: 4232:Less, Eloise. 4225: 4208: 4182: 4159: 4133: 4110: 4099:Defense-Update 4088: 4065: 4049: 4034: 4011: 3988: 3965: 3943: 3931: 3919: 3906: 3884: 3882:, 5 June 2008. 3871: 3859: 3828: 3802: 3771: 3748: 3744:MeasuringWorth 3738:United States 3726:MeasuringWorth 3708: 3696: 3683: 3661: 3649: 3636: 3627: 3614: 3592: 3580: 3557: 3542: 3512: 3489: 3470: 3458: 3442: 3419: 3391: 3379: 3363: 3351: 3342: 3330: 3313:joebaugher.com 3300: 3284: 3267: 3265:Goodall 1992, 3255: 3243: 3239:The integrator 3231: 3219: 3197: 3188: 3175: 3141: 3125: 3123:. 13 May 2024. 3102: 3098:U.S. Air Force 3053: 3020: 2988: 2975: 2952: 2924: 2922: 2919: 2916: 2915: 2905: 2904: 2902: 2899: 2898: 2897: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2866: 2865: 2860: 2858:Northrop YB-49 2854: 2853: 2837: 2834: 2829:Main article: 2826: 2823: 2820: 2819: 2816: 2812: 2811: 2808: 2803: 2800: 2797: 2793: 2792: 2789: 2784: 2781: 2778: 2774: 2773: 2770: 2765: 2762: 2759: 2755: 2754: 2751: 2746: 2743: 2740: 2736: 2735: 2732: 2727: 2724: 2721: 2717: 2716: 2713: 2708: 2705: 2702: 2698: 2697: 2694: 2689: 2686: 2683: 2679: 2678: 2672: 2667: 2664: 2661: 2657: 2656: 2653: 2648: 2645: 2642: 2638: 2637: 2631: 2626: 2623: 2620: 2616: 2615: 2612: 2607: 2604: 2601: 2597: 2596: 2593: 2588: 2585: 2582: 2578: 2577: 2574: 2569: 2566: 2563: 2559: 2558: 2555: 2550: 2547: 2544: 2540: 2539: 2536: 2531: 2528: 2525: 2521: 2520: 2517: 2512: 2509: 2506: 2502: 2501: 2498: 2496:Spirit of Ohio 2493: 2490: 2487: 2483: 2482: 2479: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2464: 2463: 2460: 2455: 2452: 2449: 2445: 2444: 2441: 2436: 2433: 2430: 2426: 2425: 2422: 2417: 2414: 2411: 2407: 2406: 2403: 2400: 2397: 2394: 2325: 2322: 2321: 2320: 2319: 2318: 2311: 2300: 2289: 2278: 2275: 2252: 2251: 2242: 2236: 2230: 2224: 2218: 2215:Maximum speed: 2204: 2203: 2189: 2186:Fuel capacity: 2183: 2177: 2171: 2165: 2159: 2153: 2147: 2141: 2114:F/A-18 Hornets 2097: 2094: 2083:Spirit of Ohio 2079:Spirit of Ohio 2048: 2045: 1975:2008 B-2 crash 1963:Main article: 1960: 1957: 1956: 1955: 1954: 1953: 1947: 1946: 1942: 1941: 1934: 1933: 1932: 1926: 1917: 1916: 1905: 1904: 1897: 1896: 1895: 1887: 1886: 1879: 1878: 1871: 1870: 1869: 1863: 1854: 1853: 1839: 1838: 1837: 1836: 1827: 1826: 1815: 1814: 1807: 1806: 1805: 1799: 1793: 1790: 1781: 1780: 1765: 1764: 1727: 1724: 1700:bunker busting 1683:The New Yorker 1639: 1636: 1591: 1588: 1576:carpet-bombing 1531: 1528: 1514: 1511: 1489: 1488:Shelter system 1486: 1481:high frequency 1450: 1447: 1423:titanium alloy 1391:boundary layer 1379: 1368:boundary layer 1359: 1356: 1300: 1297: 1233: 1230: 1187: 1184: 1089: 1086: 1078:cruise missile 1034:-aided bombs ( 995: 992: 939:nautical miles 921: 918: 908: 905: 814:B-2 from below 784: 781: 769:Ranking Member 701: 698: 648: 645: 641:Noshir Gowadia 572: 569: 457: 454: 355: 352: 350: 347: 248:air-to-surface 176:Stealth Bomber 166: 165: 152: 148: 147: 146:1 January 1997 144: 140: 139: 136: 132: 131: 127: 126: 123: 119: 118: 113: 109: 108: 105: 101: 100: 91: 85: 84: 81: 77: 76: 65: 61: 60: 56: 55: 52: 44: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12226: 12215: 12212: 12210: 12207: 12205: 12202: 12200: 12197: 12195: 12192: 12190: 12187: 12185: 12182: 12180: 12177: 12175: 12172: 12170: 12167: 12166: 12164: 12145: 12142: 12140: 12137: 12136: 12134: 12132: 12128: 12125: 12121: 12111: 12108: 12107: 12105: 12103: 12099: 12096: 12092: 12082: 12079: 12077: 12074: 12073: 12071: 12069: 12065: 12059: 12056: 12055: 12053: 12051: 12047: 12044: 12040: 12030: 12027: 12026: 12024: 12022: 12018: 12015: 12011: 12001: 11998: 11996: 11993: 11992: 11990: 11988: 11984: 11978: 11975: 11974: 11972: 11970: 11966: 11962: 11958: 11956: 11952: 11949: 11945: 11935: 11932: 11930: 11927: 11925: 11922: 11921: 11919: 11917: 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8635: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8623: 8620: 8618: 8615: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8605: 8603: 8600: 8598:(floats only) 8597: 8594: 8592:(floats only) 8591: 8588: 8587: 8585: 8579: 8574: 8570: 8563: 8558: 8556: 8551: 8549: 8544: 8543: 8540: 8530: 8524: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8508: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8498: 8495: 8493: 8490: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8480: 8478: 8475: 8473: 8470: 8468: 8465: 8463: 8460: 8458: 8455: 8453: 8450: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8438: 8435: 8433: 8430: 8428: 8425: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8410: 8409: 8407: 8403: 8397: 8394: 8393: 8391: 8385: 8375: 8372: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8362: 8360: 8357: 8355: 8352: 8350: 8347: 8345: 8342: 8340: 8337: 8335: 8332: 8330: 8327: 8325: 8322: 8321: 8319: 8315: 8309: 8306: 8304: 8301: 8299: 8296: 8294: 8291: 8289: 8286: 8284: 8281: 8279: 8276: 8274: 8271: 8270: 8268: 8264: 8258: 8255: 8254: 8252: 8248: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8218: 8216: 8212: 8206: 8203: 8201: 8198: 8196: 8193: 8191: 8188: 8186: 8182: 8179: 8177: 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7291: 7290:0-8317-1404-2 7287: 7283: 7279: 7278: 7269: 7263: 7259: 7254: 7251: 7245: 7241: 7236: 7233: 7229: 7225: 7222: 7216: 7212: 7207: 7204: 7198: 7194: 7189: 7185: 7179: 7172: 7166: 7162: 7157: 7154: 7148: 7144: 7139: 7136: 7130: 7126: 7121: 7118: 7112: 7108: 7107: 7101: 7098: 7092: 7087: 7086: 7079: 7076: 7070: 7066: 7061: 7058: 7054: 7050: 7049: 7044: 7041: 7035: 7031: 7026: 7023: 7017: 7013: 7008: 7001: 6994: 6993: 6987: 6984: 6983:0-87938-609-6 6980: 6976: 6972: 6969: 6963: 6959: 6954: 6951: 6945: 6941: 6940: 6934: 6931: 6930:1-904687-84-9 6927: 6923: 6919: 6916: 6910: 6906: 6901: 6898: 6892: 6888: 6883: 6880: 6879: 6874: 6871: 6870:1-85109-490-3 6867: 6863: 6859: 6856: 6855:0-76031-512-4 6852: 6848: 6845: 6839: 6835: 6830: 6827: 6821: 6817: 6812: 6809: 6806: 6803: 6802: 6782: 6778: 6774: 6767: 6751: 6747: 6740: 6724: 6720: 6713: 6706: 6702: 6698: 6695: 6690: 6681: 6674: 6671: 6667: 6664: 6659: 6652: 6647: 6631: 6627: 6621: 6605: 6601: 6595: 6579: 6575: 6568: 6553: 6549: 6543: 6536: 6531: 6529: 6521: 6518: 6514: 6511: 6506: 6499: 6496: 6492: 6489: 6484: 6482: 6480: 6478: 6470: 6466: 6461: 6445: 6441: 6437: 6430: 6414: 6410: 6409: 6404: 6398: 6382: 6378: 6374: 6367: 6351: 6347: 6343: 6336: 6317: 6313: 6306: 6299: 6283: 6279: 6275: 6268: 6260: 6256: 6250: 6234: 6230: 6226: 6219: 6212: 6211: 6204: 6188: 6184: 6177: 6175: 6167: 6166:wpafb.af.mil. 6164: 6160: 6157: 6151: 6144: 6141: 6137: 6134: 6128: 6126: 6118: 6115: 6111: 6108: 6103: 6096: 6093: 6087: 6080: 6076: 6073: 6068: 6061: 6058: 6054: 6051: 6046: 6039: 6038:Aviation Week 6036: 6031: 6029: 6012: 6008: 6004: 5997: 5981: 5977: 5970: 5963: 5958: 5951: 5947: 5944: 5939: 5923: 5919: 5915: 5909: 5902: 5899: 5895: 5892: 5886: 5879: 5876: 5872: 5869: 5863: 5856: 5853: 5849: 5846: 5840: 5833: 5827: 5820: 5819:Aviation Week 5817: 5813: 5810: 5804: 5797: 5792: 5785: 5782: 5778: 5775: 5770: 5763: 5760: 5756: 5753: 5747: 5741:, p. 178 5740: 5735: 5728: 5722: 5706: 5702: 5695: 5689:, p. 398 5688: 5683: 5676: 5671: 5664: 5661: 5655: 5639: 5635: 5628: 5621: 5616: 5609: 5604: 5588: 5584: 5583: 5578: 5571: 5569: 5567: 5565: 5563: 5555: 5554: 5550: 5544: 5537: 5533: 5530: 5524: 5517: 5514: 5510: 5507: 5504:Lewis, Paul. 5501: 5492: 5476: 5472: 5466: 5450: 5446: 5442: 5435: 5419: 5415: 5409: 5405: 5404: 5396: 5389: 5384: 5375: 5359: 5355: 5351: 5344: 5328: 5324: 5320: 5313: 5294: 5290: 5283: 5277: 5275: 5267: 5262: 5255: 5250: 5234: 5230: 5226: 5219: 5212: 5209: 5205: 5202: 5196: 5180: 5176: 5170: 5166: 5165: 5157: 5150: 5145: 5143: 5135: 5130: 5123: 5120: 5116: 5113: 5108: 5101: 5096: 5090:, p. 397 5089: 5084: 5077: 5074: 5070: 5067: 5062: 5053: 5051: 5043: 5040: 5036: 5033: 5030:Page, Lewis. 5027: 5011: 5007: 5001: 4997: 4996: 4989: 4983:, p. 118 4982: 4977: 4970: 4966: 4963: 4958: 4951: 4950:Sweetman 2005 4946: 4944: 4927: 4923: 4917: 4913: 4912: 4904: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4873: 4866: 4863: 4859: 4856: 4851: 4844: 4840: 4837: 4831: 4824: 4819: 4812: 4809: 4805: 4802: 4797: 4795: 4793: 4791: 4783: 4778: 4772:, p. 201 4771: 4766: 4759: 4754: 4748:, p. 177 4747: 4742: 4740: 4738: 4736: 4734: 4732: 4725:, p. 398 4724: 4719: 4712: 4707: 4705: 4696: 4692: 4691: 4686: 4679: 4677: 4669: 4666: 4662: 4659: 4653: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4626: 4624: 4604: 4600: 4593: 4587: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4556: 4540: 4536: 4530: 4523: 4522:Military Heat 4519: 4515: 4512: 4506: 4499: 4495: 4491: 4488: 4482: 4475: 4470: 4464:, p. 466 4463: 4458: 4456: 4448: 4447:Sweetman 2005 4443: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4412: 4410: 4408: 4406: 4404: 4402: 4394: 4389: 4387: 4385: 4375: 4373: 4371: 4369: 4361: 4355: 4348: 4344: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4330: 4324: 4316: 4312: 4305: 4289: 4285: 4281: 4274: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4252: 4245: 4242: 4238: 4235: 4229: 4222: 4218: 4212: 4205: 4204:uasvision.com 4201: 4198: 4194: 4191: 4186: 4179: 4176: 4172: 4169: 4163: 4156: 4153: 4149: 4146: 4140: 4138: 4130: 4127: 4123: 4120: 4114: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4097: 4092: 4085: 4082: 4078: 4075: 4069: 4062: 4061:Aviation Week 4059: 4053: 4046: 4043: 4038: 4031: 4028: 4024: 4021: 4015: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3997: 3992: 3985: 3982: 3978: 3975: 3969: 3962: 3959: 3955: 3952: 3947: 3940: 3935: 3928: 3923: 3916: 3915:Defense Daily 3910: 3903: 3902:FactCheck.org 3900: 3896: 3893: 3888: 3881: 3875: 3869:, p. 168 3868: 3867:Sorenson 1995 3863: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3832: 3825: 3822: 3818: 3815: 3809: 3807: 3790: 3786: 3782: 3775: 3768: 3765: 3761: 3758: 3752: 3745: 3741: 3728: 3727: 3722: 3715: 3713: 3705: 3700: 3693: 3687: 3680: 3677: 3673: 3670: 3665: 3658: 3653: 3646: 3640: 3631: 3624: 3618: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3601: 3596: 3589: 3584: 3577: 3574: 3570: 3567: 3561: 3554: 3551: 3546: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3516: 3509: 3506: 3502: 3499: 3493: 3485: 3481: 3474: 3465: 3463: 3455: 3452: 3446: 3439: 3436: 3432: 3429: 3423: 3407: 3403: 3402: 3395: 3388: 3383: 3376: 3373: 3367: 3361:, p. 339 3360: 3355: 3346: 3339: 3334: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3304: 3298: 3293: 3291: 3289: 3281: 3276: 3274: 3272: 3262: 3260: 3252: 3247: 3240: 3235: 3228: 3223: 3216: 3213: 3209: 3206: 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128: 124: 120: 117: 114: 110: 106: 102: 99: 95: 92: 90: 86: 83:United States 82: 78: 75: 72: 69: 66: 62: 57: 50: 45: 40: 37: 33: 19: 12184:Flying wings 12144:HESA Shafaq 11955:Experimental 11723:Experimental 11653:Experimental 11625:Mikoyan Skat 11579:Sukhoi Su-57 11569:Mikoyan LMFS 11546:Sukhoi Su-47 11533:Experimental 11492:Hongdu GJ-11 11451:Chengdu J-20 11288: 11152:Experimental 10529:Heavy bomber 10427:Light bomber 10352:Jake Swirbul 10270: 10196:Gulfstream I 10191:Gulfhawk III 10007:Gulfstream I 9961:U-16/JR2F/UF 9868:Recon/Scouts 9812: 8583:designations 8581:Manufacturer 8506: 8427:Black Bullet 8317:Experimental 8113: 7464: 7422:designations 7420:Manufacturer 7328: 7314: 7299: 7281: 7257: 7239: 7210: 7192: 7160: 7142: 7124: 7105: 7084: 7064: 7046: 7029: 7011: 7000:the original 6991: 6974: 6957: 6938: 6921: 6904: 6886: 6877: 6861: 6833: 6815: 6807: 6799:Bibliography 6785:. 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Retrieved 5638:the original 5627: 5622:, p. 73 5615: 5610:, p. 66 5603: 5591:. Retrieved 5580: 5551: 5543: 5523: 5515: 5500: 5491: 5479:. Retrieved 5475:the original 5465: 5453:. Retrieved 5444: 5434: 5422:. Retrieved 5402: 5395: 5390:, p. 21 5383: 5374: 5362:. Retrieved 5353: 5343: 5331:. Retrieved 5322: 5312: 5300:. Retrieved 5288: 5268:, p. 57 5261: 5249: 5237:. Retrieved 5228: 5218: 5210: 5195: 5183:. Retrieved 5163: 5156: 5149:Chudoba 2001 5136:, p. 76 5134:Chudoba 2001 5129: 5121: 5107: 5095: 5083: 5075: 5061: 5042:The Register 5041: 5026: 5014:. Retrieved 4994: 4988: 4976: 4957: 4952:, p. 73 4930:. Retrieved 4910: 4903: 4891:. Retrieved 4887:the original 4882: 4872: 4864: 4850: 4830: 4825:, p. 13 4818: 4810: 4777: 4765: 4753: 4718: 4713:, p. 39 4695:the original 4690:The Atlantic 4688: 4667: 4652: 4644:the original 4639: 4635: 4610:. Retrieved 4586: 4574:. Retrieved 4565: 4555: 4543:. Retrieved 4529: 4521: 4505: 4497: 4481: 4469: 4442: 4430:. Retrieved 4421: 4354: 4323: 4314: 4304: 4292:. Retrieved 4288:the original 4283: 4273: 4265:the original 4260: 4251: 4243: 4228: 4221:Defense News 4220: 4211: 4203: 4199: 4185: 4177: 4162: 4154: 4131:, July 2010. 4128: 4113: 4098: 4091: 4083: 4068: 4060: 4052: 4045:US Air Force 4044: 4037: 4029: 4014: 4006: 3991: 3983: 3968: 3960: 3946: 3938: 3934: 3926: 3922: 3914: 3909: 3901: 3887: 3879: 3874: 3862: 3850:. Retrieved 3841: 3831: 3823: 3793:. Retrieved 3789:the original 3785:The DEW Line 3784: 3774: 3767:The Atlantic 3766: 3755:Axe, David. 3751: 3743: 3730:. Retrieved 3724: 3703: 3699: 3691: 3686: 3678: 3664: 3656: 3652: 3645:Defense Week 3644: 3639: 3630: 3622: 3617: 3602: 3595: 3583: 3576:The Telegram 3575: 3560: 3553:FBI Honolulu 3552: 3545: 3533:. Retrieved 3524: 3515: 3507: 3492: 3483: 3473: 3453: 3445: 3437: 3422: 3410:. Retrieved 3406:the original 3400: 3394: 3382: 3374: 3366: 3354: 3345: 3340:, p. 13 3333: 3321:. 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Retrieved 3000: 2997:"B-2 Spirit" 2991: 2983: 2978: 2970: 2955: 2947: 2909: 2868: 2867: 2805: 2786: 2767: 2748: 2729: 2710: 2691: 2669: 2650: 2628: 2609: 2590: 2571: 2552: 2533: 2514: 2495: 2476: 2457: 2438: 2419: 2402:Formal name 2371:Gateway Arch 2351: 2341:Andersen AFB 2335:sits on the 2332: 2255: 2253: 2244: 2238: 2232: 2226: 2220: 2214: 2207: 2205: 2191: 2185: 2179: 2173: 2167: 2161: 2155: 2149: 2143: 2137: 2130: 2128: 2123: 2122: 2090:Fire and Ice 2089: 2082: 2078: 2075:Dayton, Ohio 2068: 2061: 2041: 2031: 2029: 2024: 2020: 2018: 1996: 1981: 1979: 1936: 1925:1997–present 1899: 1873: 1809: 1798:1993–present 1789:2005–present 1759: 1750: 1749: 1712:Sirte, Libya 1709: 1705: 1681: 1679: 1668: 1657: 1647: 1631:RAF Fairford 1615:Diego Garcia 1608: 1604: 1593: 1556: 1535: 1533: 1507:RAF Fairford 1491: 1474: 1452: 1427:afterburners 1384: 1373: 1343: 1321: 1302: 1289:light sensor 1282: 1243: 1226: 1205: 1200:Whiteman AFB 1159: 1147:MIL-STD-1553 1135: 1126:Andersen AFB 1091: 1044: 1021: 1005: 972: 947: 923: 893: 889: 877: 869: 858: 853: 843:The Pentagon 835:interdiction 828: 817: 786: 767:In 1997, as 766: 758: 739: 727: 713:(R-OH), and 703: 694: 690: 682: 678:flyaway cost 650: 637:Soviet Union 630: 618: 608: 589: 582: 533: 494: 465: 462:Jimmy Carter 459: 429: 422: 415: 381: 357: 339:a 2008 crash 332: 300: 275:retrofitting 255: 226:conventional 175: 171: 169: 151:First flight 135:Manufactured 122:Number built 112:Primary user 89:Manufacturer 74:heavy bomber 36: 12094:South Korea 12058:TAI TF Kaan 11830:DRDO Ghatak 11180:Boeing X-45 11175:Boeing X-32 10974:(1935–1936) 10561:(1930–1962) 10420:(1924–1930) 10410:Tri-Service 10281:Switchblade 10276:Super Tiger 10226:Joint STARS 10171:Global Hawk 10101:Switchblade 8432:Black Widow 8185:CF-5/CF-116 7106:Skunk Works 6787:15 December 6572:Dan Petty. 6469:Defense One 6419:22 December 6387:17 December 6356:13 December 6325:13 December 6288:13 December 6193:21 December 6143:pncguam.com 6131:jeremigio. 5928:21 December 5918:India Today 5739:Tucker 2010 5675:Tucker 2010 5527:Hart, Jim. 5481:21 February 5455:16 December 5364:21 November 5333:16 November 4995:Air Warfare 4746:Tucker 2010 4711:Tucker 2010 4432:9 September 4340:PDF version 4284:dodbuzz.com 3732:30 November 3535:5 September 3338:Donald 2003 3253:, p. 7 3168:17 December 2208:Performance 2192:Powerplant: 1720:MQ-9 Reaper 1609:During the 1596:Afghanistan 1437:as well as 1328:Avro Vulcan 1305:flying wing 1221:pitot tubes 1212:fly-by-wire 1208:flying wing 1196:Dick Cheney 1174:, to avoid 1141:-resistant 1114:SM-62 Snark 1059:GATOR mines 1017:AGM-129 ACM 980:sleep cycle 934:flying wing 901:B-21 Raider 797:legacy code 793:fiber optic 777:Ron Dellums 723:John McCain 721:(D-NE) and 711:John Kasich 707:Ron Dellums 513:flying wing 456:ATB program 446:fly-by-wire 349:Development 324:Afghanistan 271:spare parts 267:procurement 262:B-1A bomber 202:flying wing 12163:Categories 12081:TAI Anka-3 10166:Fire Scout 9314:G-215 (II) 8527:See also: 8517:Tigershark 8364:Tacit Blue 8266:Transports 8063:A-17/Nomad 8006:'P' series 7460:'N' series 7232:1610606892 6653:, Appendix 6557:27 October 5424:19 October 5302:15 October 5254:Siuru 1993 5239:5 November 5185:19 October 5016:19 October 4981:Siuru 1993 4932:19 October 4823:Evans 2004 4576:27 October 4498:Infoplease 4462:Boyne 2002 4393:Spick 2000 3603:c-span.org 3412:5 February 3359:Spick 2000 3323:12 January 2921:References 2818:Cancelled 2396:Block No. 2162:Wing area: 1847:Nellis AFB 1740:Point Mugu 1734:In a 1994 1688:Abbottabad 1567:Yugoslavia 1559:Kosovo War 1435:sonic boom 1098:AN/APQ-181 1061:, and the 742:John Kerry 700:Opposition 545:classified 517:Senior Peg 438:Tacit Blue 316:Kosovo War 161:1989-07-17 107:In service 42:B-2 Spirit 11474:Xian H-20 11406:Australia 10266:Skyrocket 10181:Greyhound 10126:Albatross 9956:OA-14/J4F 9772:F11F/F-11 9674:Model 400 9309:G-215 (I) 7057:0143-5450 6756:7 October 6729:7 October 6651:Pace 1999 6535:Pace 1999 6346:The Drive 6060:USA Today 5620:Pace 1999 5608:Pace 1999 5388:Rich 1994 3588:Pace 1999 3280:Pace 1999 2399:USAF s/n 2367:St. Louis 2200:turbofans 2150:Wingspan: 2124:Data from 2064:air shows 2013:hull loss 1931:1992–1997 1868:2003–2005 1843:57th Wing 1825:, Florida 1819:53rd Wing 1804:1996–2018 1779:(18 B-2s) 1726:Operators 1652:Dyess AFB 1449:Materials 731:Les Aspin 673:prototype 600:polygraph 466:Have Blue 430:Have Blue 417:Have Blue 382:In 1974, 191:penetrate 138:1987–2000 71:strategic 12194:Quadjets 12131:Fighters 12102:Fighters 12050:Fighters 12021:Fighters 11969:Fighters 11898:Fighters 11851:Fighters 11807:HAL AMCA 11799:Fighters 11770:Fighters 11741:Fighters 11676:Fighters 11561:Fighters 11443:Fighters 11356:Programs 11240:Fighters 10296:Tigercat 10216:Intruder 10186:Guardian 10161:Firebird 10096:Firebird 9755:-6 to -8 9750:-1 to -5 9690:Fighters 8575:aircraft 8497:Scorpion 8492:Reporter 8387:Aircraft 8250:Trainers 8139:Fighters 7412:Northrop 7362:Archived 7178:citation 6781:Archived 6750:Archived 6723:Archived 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3977:Archived 3954:Archived 3895:Archived 3852:13 April 3846:Archived 3817:Archived 3760:Archived 3746:series. 3672:Archived 3607:Archived 3569:Archived 3529:Archived 3501:Archived 3431:Archived 3317:Archived 3208:Archived 3162:Archived 3091:Archived 3042:Archived 3007:Archived 2964:Archived 2941:Archived 2836:See also 2676:Plant 42 2256:Armament 1777:Missouri 1692:Pakistan 1611:Iraq War 1580:Gulf War 1544:Missouri 1493:through 1467:graphite 1358:Infrared 1336:faceting 1293:contrail 1254:infrared 1250:acoustic 976:camp bed 926:ordnance 920:Overview 719:Jim Exon 709:(D-CA), 657:Cold War 557:Raytheon 509:Rockwell 400:Lockheed 392:Northrop 364:airframe 312:ordnance 295:Cold War 206:Northrop 199:subsonic 11947:Germany 11645:Kingdom 11599:Bombers 11466:Bombers 11281:Bombers 10412:systems 10331:Widgeon 10326:Wildcat 10311:Tracker 10286:Tadpole 10256:Prowler 10251:Pegasus 10246:Panther 10236:Mallard 10211:Hellcat 10206:Hawkeye 10141:Bearcat 10131:Avenger 10114:By name 10002:Tadpole 9987:Mallard 9806:Bombers 9797:NATF-23 9777:F11F-1F 9683:By role 8569:Grumman 8482:Pioneer 8452:Dervish 8389:engines 8082:Bombers 8039:By role 6705:fas.org 6673:fas.org 6636:11 June 6610:7 April 6600:"JASSM" 6584:7 April 5727:The Age 5711:14 June 5644:12 June 5593:24 June 4612:15 June 4545:29 July 4294:25 June 3961:fas.org 3401:YouTube 3013:14 July 2984:Stealth 2802:93-1088 2783:93-1087 2764:93-1086 2745:93-1085 2726:92-0700 2707:90-0041 2688:90-0040 2666:89-0129 2647:89-0128 2635:crashed 2625:89-0127 2606:88-0332 2587:88-0331 2568:88-0330 2549:88-0329 2530:88-0328 2511:82-1071 2508:Test/30 2492:82-1070 2489:Test/20 2473:82-1069 2470:Test/30 2454:82-1068 2451:Test/30 2435:82-1067 2432:Test/30 2416:82-1066 2413:Test/30 2308:AGM-158 2304:AGM-154 2156:Height: 2144:Length: 1744:Mark 82 1650:at the 1619:sorties 1563:targets 1441:of the 1403:nozzles 1246:stealth 1232:Stealth 1163:Link-16 1071:bunkers 1047:Mark 82 1025:APQ-181 984:fatigue 943:refuels 771:of the 442:Area 51 360:stealth 354:Origins 314:in the 283:capital 279:project 208:(later 187:stealth 159: ( 130:History 68:Stealth 12042:Turkey 12013:Sweden 11843:France 11643:United 11525:Russia 11368:F/A-XX 11263:Attack 11144:States 11142:United 11063:FB-111 10891:RB-57F 10886:RB-57D 10760:NB-36H 10340:People 10321:Triton 10316:Trader 10306:Tracer 10301:Tomcat 10271:Spirit 10261:Raider 10241:Mohawk 10231:Kitten 10221:Jaguar 10146:Cougar 10121:Ag Cat 10043:EF-111 10021:Others 9997:Kitten 9992:Ag Cat 9916:UC-103 9787:F-111B 9669:G-1159 9664:G-1128 9593:G-680 8507:Spirit 8487:Raider 8472:Hornet 8442:Chukar 8437:Boojum 8417:Bantam 8344:MX-334 8339:MX-324 8303:YC-125 8123:Drones 8046:Attack 7335: 7321: 7306: 7288: 7264: 7246: 7230: 7217: 7199: 7167: 7149: 7131: 7113: 7093: 7071: 7055: 7036: 7018: 6981: 6964: 6946: 6928: 6911: 6893: 6868: 6853: 6840: 6822: 6663:"B-2." 6450:22 May 6017:2 July 5986:2 July 5410: 5171: 5002: 4918: 4261:af.mil 3795:1 July 2377:, and 2315:GBU-57 2286:GBU-31 2272:GBU-38 2227:Range: 1851:Nevada 1463:carbon 1258:visual 1202:, 2006 1151:busses 1132:, 2004 1015:; the 907:Design 801:JOVIAL 563:, and 549:Boeing 505:Boeing 501:Aurora 375:, and 326:, and 222:Vought 220:, and 218:Hughes 214:Boeing 193:dense 104:Status 11890:Spain 11791:India 11762:Italy 11715:Japan 11512:FL-71 11435:China 11072:Other 11058:FB-22 10991:BLR-3 10986:BLR-2 10981:BLR-1 10844:B-50C 10822:B-47C 10755:B-36G 10713:B-29D 10499:LB-14 10494:LB-13 10489:LB-12 10484:LB-11 10479:LB-10 10402:USAAF 10398:USAAC 10394:USAAS 10291:Tiger 10176:Goose 10086:X-47C 10081:X-47B 10076:X-47A 10066:Q-180 9951:OA-13 9931:OA-12 9782:G-118 9767:XF10F 9732:XP-65 9722:XP-50 9659:G-870 9654:G-755 9649:G-754 9644:G-744 9639:G-730 9634:G-728 9629:G-723 9624:G-712 9619:G-711 9614:G-704 9609:G-698 9589:G-674 9584:G-636 9579:G-623 9574:G-618 9569:G-613 9564:G-612 9559:G-607 9554:G-550 9549:G-532 9544:G-518 9539:G-516 9534:G-511 9529:G-487 9524:G-486 9519:G-484 9514:G-467 9509:G-450 9504:G-436 9499:G-431 9494:G-429 9489:G-426 9484:G-413 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1530:1990s 1299:Radar 1217:pitot 963:YB-49 959:YB-35 555:(now 525:YB-49 521:YB-35 434:F-117 425:DARPA 408:SR-71 384:DARPA 368:radar 328:Libya 234:Mk 82 180:heavy 12123:Iran 12068:UAVs 11987:UAVs 11916:UAVs 11869:UAVs 11822:UAVs 11694:UAVs 11617:UAVs 11484:UAVs 11414:UAVs 11304:UAVs 11185:F-19 11079:B-21 11042:B-26 11037:B-20 10963:B-71 10958:B-70 10953:B-69 10948:B-68 10943:B-67 10938:B-66 10933:B-65 10928:B-64 10923:B-63 10918:B-62 10913:B-61 10908:B-60 10903:B-59 10898:B-58 10881:B-57 10876:B-56 10871:B-55 10866:B-54 10861:B-53 10856:B-52 10851:B-51 10839:B-50 10834:B-49 10829:B-48 10817:B-47 10812:B-46 10807:B-45 10802:B-44 10797:B-43 10792:B-42 10787:B-41 10782:B-40 10777:B-39 10772:B-38 10767:B-37 10750:B-36 10745:B-35 10740:B-34 10735:B-33 10730:B-32 10725:B-31 10720:B-30 10708:B-29 10703:B-28 10698:B-27 10693:B-26 10688:B-25 10683:B-24 10678:B-23 10673:B-22 10668:B-21 10663:B-20 10658:B-19 10653:B-18 10648:B-17 10643:B-16 10638:B-15 10633:B-14 10628:B-13 10623:B-12 10618:B-11 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