41:
1544:
877:, once passed Jerusalem . While looking upon the city and the ruins of the Temple, R. Joshua exclaimed, 'Woe unto us, that the holy place is destroyed which atoned for our sins!' R. Yochanan replied, 'My son, do not grieve on this account, for we have another atonement for our sins; it is charity, as is said, I desired charity, and not sacrifice.
1060:, whose name appears in the title of the work under treatment, cannot possibly have been its only author, since he flourished about the middle of the 2nd century, or a generation prior to the author of the Mishnah. Besides, several authorities are quoted who flourished a long time after R. Nathan; for instance, Rabbi
1111:
in the third century, opened up a range of proposals for dating the text to earlier periods. Today, it is widely acknowledged that there are difficulties in dating the two versions of the ARN and current proposals for the date of the text vary within a range of five centuries, roughly from an
850:
The content of the two recensions differ from each other considerably, although the method is the same in both. The separate teachings of the
Mishnah Avot are generally taken as texts, which are either briefly explained—the ethical lessons contained therein being supported by reference to
855:
passages—or fully illustrated by narratives and legends. Sometimes long digressions are made by introducing subjects connected only loosely with the text. This method may be illustrated by the following example: Commenting on the teaching of
868:
said in the name of the Lord, 'I desired charity , and not sacrifice.' The world was created only by charity , as is said, 'Mercy shall be built up for ever' (or, as the rabbis translate this passage, 'The world is built on mercy'). Rabbi
787:
published the two recensions in parallel columns, contributing to the edition a critical introduction and valuable notes. There were likely other recensions as well, since the medieval rabbis quote from other versions.
1064:. The designation "De-Rabbi Nathan" may be explained by the circumstance that R. Nathan is one of the first authorities mentioned in the opening chapter of the work (but not the first, that being
1107:
Through the majority of the 20th century, it was believed that the ARN dated from the 7th to 9th centuries. However, the work of
Saldarini, which proposed a date close to the compilation of the
1095:. The two recensions of the work in their present shape evidently have different authors, but who they were cannot be ascertained. Probably they belonged to the period of the
1635:
1584:, Munich, 1872, in which pamphlet a part of Abot de-Rabbi Nathan, recension B, was for the first time published, according to a manuscript of the Munich Library;
761:
Touching its original form, its age, and its dependence on earlier or later recensions of the
Mishnah, there are many opinions, all of which are discussed in
1577:
1224:
1208:
1155:
1130:
1044:
671:
874:
271:
1649:
1453:
1396:
1080:(the son of the aforementioned Shimon ben Gamliel). However, it is known that Rabbi Nathan made an independent collection (
719:. It has come down in two recensions (or versions): a standard printed edition, and a second published with 48 chapters by
1704:
168:
17:
692:
860:
which designates charity as one of the three pillars on which the world rests, Avot de-Rabbi Nathan reads as follows:
799:. The former is divided into forty-one chapters, and the latter into forty-eight. Schechter has proved that recension
1037:
664:
1112:
earliest possible dating to the third century (B is usually the earlier dated one and some believe it predates the
881:
The chapters of the two recensions of Avot de-Rabbi Nathan correspond with those of the
Mishnah Avot as follows:
266:
261:
460:
1030:
657:
1072:
R. Nathan originated the work, however. Probably due to political differences that Rabbi Nathan had with
1264:
Berner, Christoph (2011). "Quotations from Avot de Rabbi Nathan B in MS Oxford (Bodleiana) Heb. c. 24".
738:, having for its foundation an older recension of that tractate. It also may be considered as a kind of
1679:
1674:
1669:
1391:. Jewish and Christian perspectives series. Leiden ; Boston: Brill. pp. 280–281, esp. n. 7.
1371:
The
Fathers according to Rabbi Nathan (Abot de Rabbi Nathan), Version B: A translation and commentary
219:
163:
1694:
1689:
1616:
829:
749:
ARN contains many teachings, proverbs, and incidents that are not found anywhere else in the early
485:
394:
1207:
Schechter gives the commentaries to Avot de-Rabbi Nathan in his edition. Emendations were made by
1558:
765:'s introduction. There are two recensions of this work, one of which is usually printed with the
356:
256:
1644:
1076:, Rabbi Nathan's name does not appear in the version of Avot compiled by redactor of the Mishna
1699:
573:
753:. Other rabbinical sayings appear in a more informal style than what is found in Pirkei Avot.
1684:
1603:
1352:
1159:
1057:
750:
301:
455:
376:
791:
In order to distinguish the two recensions, the one printed with the Talmud may be called
8:
371:
361:
296:
32:
734:. It may be technically designated as a homiletical exposition of the Mishnaic tractate
1281:
1073:
925:
870:
381:
366:
331:
1587:
1449:
1392:
1195:
1145:
784:
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720:
535:
409:
251:
1273:
917:
819:
510:
440:
399:
321:
316:
107:
1141:
1061:
776:
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525:
445:
389:
145:
1553:
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291:
132:
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311:
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49:
40:
1641:(full original text of both versions, with introduction and scholarly notes)
1567:
762:
637:
414:
1166:'Aboth d'Rabbi Nathan, translated into English with Introduction and Notes
1084:), and it is possible that Avot de-Rabbi Nathan derives from that source.
1654:
1518:
1298:
1212:
1135:
Tractatus de
Patribus Rabbi Nathan Auctore, in Linguam Latinam Translatus
1092:
959:
940:
913:
894:
735:
404:
213:
1547: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1285:
1227:, and by Joshua Falk Lisser. Lisser's edition is reprinted in the Vilna
1220:
780:
594:
520:
1018:
834:(de Rossi 327; Uncastillo/Spain, 1289), being a more precise copy of
1444:
Fishbane, Simcha; Goldscheider, Calvin; Lightstone, Jack N. (2021).
1413:
1431:
Studies in Avot de-Rabbi Nathan: text, redaction and interpretation
1013:
1001:
944:
852:
746:
to the Mishna Avot, which does not possess a traditional gemarah.
1116:), with the latest possible dating roughly in the eighth century.
1532:
The Minor
Tractates of the Talmud: Massektoth Ketannoth, Volume I
1490:
1216:
1108:
1088:
1069:
996:
991:
921:
865:
771:
743:
739:
731:
716:
708:
616:
326:
233:
93:
80:
75:
66:
1322:
1228:
1113:
1096:
1008:
981:
962:
chapter 5, a collection of anonymous statements related by form
898:
715:
era (c.700–900 CE). It is a commentary on an early form of the
712:
704:
548:
112:
97:
1443:
779:, and another, which, until the late 19th century, existed in
1310:
1077:
986:
804:
723:, who designated the two recensions as A and B respectively.
559:
208:
188:
1481:
In his collectanea, called Tummat
Yesharim (Venice, 1622).
1446:
Exploring
Mishnah's world(s): social scientific approaches
1556:; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "Abot de-Rabbi Nathan".
1530:
Cashdan, Eli (1965), "Introduction", in A. Cohen (ed.),
1448:. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 195, n. 27.
1389:
After Eden: church fathers and rabbis on
Genesis 3:16-21
1176:
Fathers According to Rabbi Nathan: Abot De Rabbi Nathan
1211:. Commentaries have been written by Eliezer Lipman of
1129:
translation of Abot de-Rabbi Nathan was published by
916:
1:12-18 and chapter 2, dealing with the teachings of
1645:
Jewish Encyclopedia article for Avot of Rabbi Nathan
1661:
1219:, 1723; by Elijah ben Abraham with notes by the
838:, has been used to correct errors in recension
1272:(3). Mohr Siebeck GmbH & Co. KG: 217–265.
1178:, Anthony J. Saldarini, Brill Academic, 1975.
1259:
1257:
1038:
822:in Oxford, England, under the classification
665:
1613:Moritz Steinschneider, Cat. Bodl. col. 2034;
1552:
1254:
1188:, University of South Florida Press, 1986.
1045:
1031:
672:
658:
1655:Latin translation of Avot of Rabbi Nathan
1368:
272:Baraita on the Erection of the Tabernacle
1650:Full Hebrew text of Avot of Rabbi Natan
1529:
1386:
1248:
1081:
14:
1662:
1428:
1411:
1263:
1572:Gottesdienstliche Vorträge der Juden,
1182:The Fathers According to Rabbi Nathan
1152:The Fathers According to Rabbi Nathan
1099:, between the 8th and 9th centuries.
1382:
1380:
696:
1564:. The JE cites the following works
897:1:1-11, dealing with saying of the
730:, it more greatly resembles a late
169:Mekhilta of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai
24:
1639:, Schechter edition (Vienna, 1887)
803:is cited only by Spanish authors.
25:
1716:
1629:
1377:
1170:The Minor Tractates of the Talmud
1574:, 1st ed., pp. 108 et seq.;
1562:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
1542:
824:MS Oxford (Bodleiana) Heb. c. 24
699:), the first and longest of the
39:
1508:
1496:
1484:
1475:
1462:
1437:
1422:
1405:
1202:
1140:An English version is given by
1119:
889:and chapters 1-23 of recension
267:Baraita on the Thirty-two Rules
262:Baraita of the Forty-nine Rules
1362:
1341:
1328:
1316:
1304:
1292:
1241:
711:work probably compiled in the
13:
1:
1234:
1068:). Perhaps the school of the
966:
943:chapters 3-4, an independent
864:How on charity? Behold, the
756:
461:Iggeret of Rabbi Sherira Gaon
1196:Mesorah Publications Limited
7:
885:Chapters 1-11 of recension
845:
634:Targum to the Five Megillot
10:
1721:
1705:Hebrew-language literature
1472:, Vienna, 1887; 27 et seq.
1278:10.1628/094457011797248462
1144:in his translation of the
775:, preceding the so-called
689:Avot de-Rabbi Nathan (ARN)
1600:, 1887, pp. 374–383;
1387:Reuling, Hanneke (2006).
726:Despite being one of the
693:Jewish Babylonian Aramaic
220:Mekhilta le-Sefer Devarim
164:Mekhilta of Rabbi Ishmael
1617:Isaac ben Jacob Benjacob
1429:Kister, Menahem (1998).
1369:Saldarini, A.J. (1975).
1266:Jewish Studies Quarterly
1162:, 1955. (reprinted 1990)
1559:The Jewish Encyclopedia
1373:. Brill. pp. 1–16.
1148:, i. 9, New York, 1900.
1102:
818:is today housed at the
814:A Hebrew manuscript of
357:Pirkei De-Rabbi Eliezer
257:Alphabet of Rabbi Akiva
214:Sifrei Zutta on Numbers
201:Numbers and Deuteronomy
1412:Goldin, Judah (1972).
954:and chapters 36-48 of
935:and chapters 30-35 of
908:and chapters 24-29 of
879:
574:Targum Pseudo-Jonathan
1604:Moritz Steinschneider
1592:Abot de-Rabbi Nathan,
1415:Encyclopaedia Judaica
1353:Frankfort-on-the-Main
1168:, by Eli Cashdan, in
1160:Yale University Press
1058:Nathan the Babylonian
862:
751:rabbinical literature
302:Pesikta de-Rav Kahana
189:Sifra (Torat Kohanim)
1470:Abot de-Rabbi Nathan
836:Avot de-Rabbi Nathan
816:Avot de-Rabbi Nathan
643:Targum to Chronicles
456:Shir ha-Shirim Zutta
377:Shir HaShirim Rabbah
1637:Avot de-Rabbi Natan
1468:Solomon Schechter,
1433:. pp. 217–222.
1418:. pp. 985–986.
1192:Avos deRabbi Nassan
807:knows of recension
769:in the appendix to
685:Avot of Rabbi Natan
372:Ecclesiastes Rabbah
362:Tanna Devei Eliyahu
352:Avot de-Rabbi Natan
297:Lamentations Rabbah
57:Talmudic literature
33:Rabbinic literature
18:Avot of Rabbi Natan
1087:It is also called
1074:Shimon ben Gamliel
950:Chapters 31-41 of
931:Chapters 20-30 of
926:Yohanan ben Zakkai
904:Chapters 12-19 of
871:Yochanan ben Zakai
382:Deuteronomy Rabbah
367:Alphabet of Sirach
332:Megillat Antiochus
1680:Aggadic Midrashim
1675:9th-century texts
1670:8th-century texts
1588:Solomon Schechter
1505:, Amsterdam, 1777
1455:978-3-030-53573-5
1398:978-90-04-14638-9
1146:Babylonian Talmud
1114:Babylonian Talmud
1055:
1054:
928:and his disciples
873:, accompanied by
795:; and the other,
785:Solomon Schechter
767:Babylonian Talmud
721:Solomon Schechter
682:
681:
649:
648:
611:
610:
589:
588:
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542:
536:Smaller midrashim
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492:
468:
467:
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421:
410:Baraita of Samuel
339:
338:
279:
278:
252:Seder Olam Rabbah
228:
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196:
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113:Babylonian Talmud
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16:(Redirected from
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1355:, 1889; Brüll's
1349:Uralte Toseftas,
1345:
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1308:
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1296:
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1172:, Soncino, 1965.
1154:, translated by
1133:, London, 1654:
1047:
1040:
1033:
971:
970:
958:correspond with
939:correspond with
912:correspond with
893:correspond with
820:Bodleian Library
698:
687:, also known as
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317:Leviticus Rabbah
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28:
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1695:Texts in Hebrew
1690:Minor tractates
1660:
1659:
1632:
1621:Oẓar ha-Sefarim
1610:xii. 75 et seq.
1578:Solomon Taussig
1554:Singer, Isidore
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1515:Binyan Yehoshua
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1225:Abraham Witmand
1205:
1142:M. L. Rodkinson
1122:
1105:
1062:Joshua ben Levi
1051:
974:Rabbinical eras
969:
848:
826:. In addition,
777:Minor Treatises
759:
728:minor tractates
701:minor tractates
678:
625:Targum Tehillim
604:Targum Jonathan
578:Fragment Targum
526:Midrash HaGadol
446:Midrash Hashkem
390:Pesikta Rabbati
234:Aggadic Midrash
133:Minor Tractates
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1623:, p. 654.
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1582:Neweh Shalom I
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841:
837:
833:
831:
825:
821:
817:
812:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
789:
786:
782:
778:
774:
773:
772:Seder Nezikin
768:
764:
754:
752:
747:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
724:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
697:אבות דרבי נתן
694:
690:
686:
675:
670:
668:
663:
661:
656:
655:
653:
652:
642:
639:
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583:
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566:
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557:
554:
553:
550:
547:
546:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
516:Midrash Jonah
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
503:
502:
501:
497:
496:
487:
484:
482:
479:
478:
477:
476:
472:
471:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
451:Exodus Rabbah
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
436:
433:
432:
431:
430:
426:
425:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
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398:
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386:Devarim Zutta
385:
383:
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375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
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353:
350:
349:
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343:
342:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
312:Midrash Iyyob
310:
308:
307:Esther Rabbah
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
289:
288:
287:
283:
282:
273:
270:
268:
265:
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221:
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180:
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159:
155:
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134:
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129:
128:
124:
123:
114:
111:
109:
106:
105:
104:
103:
99:
95:
92:
91:
82:
79:
77:
74:
73:
72:
71:
68:
65:
64:
61:
60:
56:
55:
51:
50:Adolf Behrman
47:
42:
38:
37:
34:
31:
30:
27:
19:
1685:Jewish texts
1636:
1620:
1607:
1597:
1591:
1581:
1571:
1568:Leopold Zunz
1557:
1531:
1514:
1510:
1503:Ahabat Ḥesed
1502:
1498:
1486:
1477:
1469:
1464:
1445:
1439:
1430:
1424:
1414:
1407:
1388:
1370:
1364:
1356:
1348:
1343:
1335:
1330:
1318:
1306:
1294:
1269:
1265:
1249:Cashdan 1965
1243:
1206:
1203:Commentaries
1191:
1181:
1175:
1169:
1165:
1156:Judah Goldin
1151:
1134:
1131:Franz Tayler
1120:Translations
1106:
1086:
1082:Cashdan 1965
1056:
955:
951:
936:
932:
909:
905:
890:
886:
880:
863:
849:
839:
835:
827:
823:
815:
813:
808:
800:
796:
792:
790:
770:
763:S. Schechter
760:
748:
725:
688:
684:
683:
638:Targum Sheni
631:Targum Iyyov
473:1000–1200 CE
415:Targum Sheni
351:
45:
26:
1608:Hebr. Bibl.
1519:Dyhernfurth
1357:Jahrbücher,
1338:, chapter 4
1299:Pirkei Avot
960:Pirkei Avot
941:Pirkei Avot
914:Pirkei Avot
895:Pirkei Avot
736:Pirkei Avot
437:Eichah Zuta
427:900–1000 CE
405:Ruth Rabbah
1664:Categories
1534:, London:
1334:Recension
1235:References
1221:Vilna Gaon
967:Authorship
947:collection
828:MS Parma (
781:manuscript
757:Recensions
521:Ein Yaakov
344:650–900 CE
284:400–600 CE
1019:Acharonim
875:R. Joshua
640:to Esther
434:Ruth Zuta
244:Tannaitic
181:Leviticus
67:Tannaitic
1286:41289143
1070:tannaite
1014:Rishonim
1002:Savoraim
945:mishnaic
853:Biblical
846:Contents
830:Palatina
1551::
1217:Zolkiev
1198:, 2017.
1109:Mishnah
1089:Tosefta
997:Amoraim
992:Tannaim
922:Shammai
866:prophet
744:gemarah
740:tosefta
732:midrash
717:Mishnah
709:aggadic
703:of the
617:Ketuvim
595:Nevi'im
327:Tanhuma
94:Amoraic
81:Tosefta
76:Mishnah
1521:, 1788
1493:, 1833
1452:
1395:
1323:Psalms
1284:
1229:Talmud
1213:Zamość
1097:Geonim
1009:Geonim
982:Chazal
918:Hillel
899:Zugoth
832:) 2785
811:only.
713:geonic
705:Talmud
549:Targum
156:Exodus
98:Gemara
1491:Vilna
1351:1:6,
1311:Hosea
1282:JSTOR
1223:, by
1127:Latin
1078:Rebbi
987:Zugot
805:Rashi
560:Torah
498:Later
209:Sifre
125:Later
1450:ISBN
1393:ISBN
1325:89:3
1103:Date
1093:Avot
1313:6:6
1301:1:2
1274:doi
1091:to
742:or
48:by
1666::
1619:,
1606:,
1590:,
1580:,
1570:,
1517:,
1379:^
1280:.
1270:18
1268:.
1256:^
1231:.
1215:,
1194:,
1184:,
1158:,
1125:A
924:,
920:,
842:.
695::
1539:.
1458:.
1401:.
1336:A
1288:.
1276::
1251:)
1247:(
1137:.
1046:e
1039:t
1032:v
956:B
952:A
937:B
933:A
910:B
906:A
901:.
891:B
887:A
840:B
809:A
801:B
797:B
793:A
691:(
673:e
666:t
659:v
222:)
218:(
100:)
96:(
20:)
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