Aunis - Knowledge

691: 3206: 2983: 702: 53: 1406: 43: 68: 1724: 381: 905: 1575: 2831: 855:, an administrative region comprising four communes (Courçon, Pays Marandais, Plaine d'Aunis and Surgères), returned a census in 2006 of 61,058 inhabitants in an area of 939 square kilometres (363 sq mi), giving a density of 65/km (170/sq mi). It is still a mostly rural region, but is rapidly becoming more built-up. 554: 862:

all the communes have over 2,000 inhabitants, and the population density is one of the highest of the entire department, at 299/km (770/sq mi) in 2006 compared to 87/km (230/sq mi) for the whole department and 242/km (630/sq mi) for the urban area of La Rochelle. In 2006 the population

396:

period, characterised by gently rolling hills, where no valley is completely enclosed, and where the land has a regular descent towards the sea. The islands of Ré and Aix were made at the same time and from the same type of rock. The chalk table completes the triangular promontory which juts into the

1413:

These attempts at deforestation and colonisation did succeed, albeit belatedly, but came to a halt with the invasions of the 5th century AD. So, the "barbarous" people sealed the fall of the western Roman Empire, with pillage and destruction from which Santonie did not escape. The province was then

404:

Large freshwater and seawater marshes have formed in places that have been drained, hardly altering the general relief. The seawater marshes correspond to ancient marine gulfs, made from marine or fluvial sediments. Since the Middle Ages they have been continuously drained by people. In the north,

793:

The population density of the region is more than twice that of the departmental average: 192/km (500/sq mi), compared to 87/km (230/sq mi) for Charente-Maritime as a whole. It is nearly thrice that of the Poitou-Charentes region at 67/km (170/sq mi) and is higher than the national

1526:

quickly rose to prominence and became the new capital of Aunis: "The demise of Châtelaillon dates to 1130, but it was only in 1144 that Alon family control was removed. A party assembled at Mauléon, the nearest island to Aunis, and they built the new town of La Rochelle there starting in 1151".

1221:

Finally, the valleys of the rivers Curé, Virson, Mignon, and Gères, which were much larger than today, cut deeply through the region's invading forest. But they had the inconvenience of being marshy and prone to floods that turned them into real marshes and bogs, making the region particularly

2019:

groups together the four 4 "communautés de communes" of Courçon, Marans, Plaine d'Aunis and Surgères, whereas the historical province of Aunis, the subject of this article, constitutes all the north-west of the departement of Charente-Maritime, thus including La Rochelle, the Île de Ré, and

601:

Aunis does not have the strong industrial tradition which is the trademark of regions of the North and of Lorraine, and it was only at the end of the 19th century that factories started to be developed. After World War II, industry in Aunis continued, was reinforced, diversified and brought

1518:

On the coast, the salt waters had become amenable and created Aunis's wealth, and by the end of the 11th century its prosperity was assured. Châtelaillon rapidly became the largest fortified city in Aunis and an important port for the transport of salt from Aunis, and wine from Saintonge.

991:. Little by little the province shrank until the frontier was situated a long way from Aulnay. It is the smallest province in France". This interpretation does not pass muster, because there is absolutely no connection between the original names of Aulnay which, in Latin, were written 825:, 919/km (2,380/sq mi) in the combined cantons of La Rochelle. The La Rochelle-Rochefort twin city area alone includes nine towns of the seventeen with more than 5,000 inhabitants, and twenty communes with more than 2,000 inhabitants, of the sixty in Charente-Maritime in 2006. 1283:

The salt sites were quickly abandoned after the Roman conquest, because the new colonists brought with them a better-performing and more-productive technique for producing salt. Nevertheless, the Romans preferred to have their first salt marshes in the south, notably at

1321:. All these sites left numerous archaeological finds: at Ballon, the remains of a Gallo-Roman villa have been found; at Ardillières, tombs with Gallo-Roman objects have been recovered; at Thou, a Gallo-Roman villa and some coins were discovered in the 19th century. 1365:

In the 4th century AD the Romans decided to clear the Forest of Argenson along the southern shores of the Gulf of Pictones, which had been occupied by Celts since ancient times. The present Forest of Benon is in this area, where the Romans also established

2370:"L'Aunis and western Saintonge were sparse zones, with sparser populations. The terrain was covered with vast forests: the Forest of Argenson, on the borders of Poitou; the Forests of Essouvert, of the Boixe and of Braconne which extended them..."", in 1972:

In 2006, Surgères was one of the 17 towns in Charente-Maritime having over 5,000 inhabitants, of which the ten largest are (in order of municipal population) La Rochelle (1), Saintes (2), Rochefort (3), Royan (4), Aytré (5), Saint-Jean-d'Angély (6),

1515:. The powerful monasteries, backed up by the lords, helped with the clearings of Aunis in the 11th century. But it is mostly during the 12th and 13th centuries that these earthworks were completed; much later that they became the "plain" of Aunis. 1269:

Before the Roman conquest around the middle of the 1st century AD, the Celts had a stronghold over the northern shores of the Gulf of Santones. They had even colonised some of the islands in the gulf, which today are part of the Marais (English:

1491:

At the end of the 11th century, the Counts of Poitou started to pay attention to the forsaken backwaters of the region, and made them a priority. Above all, they encouraged powerful abbeys to be founded after clearing the Forest of Argenson.

1846:

The port of La Rochelle is no longer practically used for industrial-scale fishing, but was ranked the 4th largest French fishing port in the early 1970s. Nowadays it is the second fishing port of the Charente-Maritime department, behind

2311:

Delayant, the celebrated historian of the department, does not hesitate to set down his thoughts in his History, where he writes: "The least improbable comes from the main town in that settlement of that time, the Castrum Allionis".

740:

are also well-known pleasure ports, while the river ports of Marans on the Sèvre niortaise, and Rochefort, on the Charente, had disused port basins that have become home to pleasure boats, and can each take more than 200 craft.

1292:. Salt production, which before had been driven by profit, could be done faster around the Gironde, which became an important arterial river for the transport of goods to and from the southern provinces of the Roman Empire. 755:

Aunis has also developed its cultural and urban tourism with its two great historical towns of La Rochelle and Rochefort. The small towns of the interior are not without interest and have enhanced their heritage sites, like

1434:

Aunis was once again neglected throughout the Middle Ages, "ignoring" the barbarians who had, after all, appropriated the great Roman roads during their invasions. From the time the Franks settled in the 6th century to the

569:

from the marshes of Aunis brought the region its riches in the Middle Ages, but this has now completely disappeared from the coast of mainland Aunis. However, it still takes place on the Île de Ré and notably on the nearby

1280:("salt sites"). These small-scale production sites were particularly numerous in the north of the Gulf of Santones, equally along the coastline, in the deep estuaries, and all around the islands (notably the Île d'Albe). 1806:

The territorial boundaries of Aunis have changed a lot over time. Those described here omit enlargement eastwards; for practical reasons, the borders are "usually" confined to administrative limits of the cantons of

1587:

In 1374, Charles V separated La Rochelle from Saintonge to set up a provincial government, comprising the jurisdictions of Rochefort, Marennes and, for a time, Benon. It was thus that Aunis legally became a separate

288:

800:

The region became considerably more urban after World War II, though the population is unevenly distributed. Above all, the Aunis coastal towns have expanded to provide the larger part of employment and leisure.

900:, with 4,654 inhabitants, is the largest commune in the department by area, at 82.49 km (31.85 sq mi). It is nearly as large as the whole of the Île de Ré at 85.32 km (32.94 sq mi). 1661:, Aunis was a very small province both in area and population. Despite the resistance of its inhabitants and the energetic interventions of its leaders, in 1790 it was coalesced with the much larger region of 1510:

abbey to be founded in Aunis, and an active participant in the forest clearing movement. The clearings opened the way into the ancient forest to set up villages and farming (wheat, oats, barley) and to plant

873:

with 77,196 inhabitants is by far the most populous town in the Charente-Maritime department. Including its suburbs its population is nearly 120,000, and in the Poitou-Charentes region it is second only to

425:

The geography of the plain was always very unfavourable for communications. The region was almost an enclave, and for a long time on the margins of the French kingdom politically as well as geographically.

664:), automotive industry, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, chemical and plastics industries, pleasure boating, among them. The industrial area of Rochefort-Tonnay-Charente is the second hub of the department. 925: 808:

with many suburbs, connected by regular railway trains. This heavily built-up area is now home to over 200,000 inhabitants (201,509 inhabitants in 2006). This urban area is second in the region after the

1246:

in the 1st century BC. Saintonge offered better living and working conditions than the northern area (Aunis) thanks to the large valleys of the river Charente and its two principal tributaries, the

821:. Near the coast the towns have formed a dense urban web and the population density is particularly high: 288/km (750/sq mi) in the three cantons of Rochefort, 686/km (1,780/sq mi) in the 409:

dries up, at the centre there are the valleys of the small river Curé and its main tributary the Virson and in the east the valley of the Mignon. In the south is the marshland of "Little Flanders" (

975:

But the etymology of the name has been given many different interpretations and folk etymologies that are still used today. Even so, some people think "The most probable origin is that the town of

417:), drained since the 17th century. Together these constitute an important reservoir of fresh water, essential for the agricultural and snail-farming activities of the north of the department. 835:

Beyond the La Rochelle-Rochefort twin city area, the population density is lower, and is indeed lower than the departmental average, which was 87/km (230/sq mi) in 2006. The cantons of

330:

Aunis is mostly a rolling chalk plain, whose navigable rivers have always been important modes of communication, and from which came economic development and the urbanisation of the region.

797:

The ratio of urban to rural population is comparable to the national average, which is 3:4. This is considerably different from Charente-Maritime as a whole, where the ratio is nearer 3:5.

1113:

In ancient times the region was a long way from civilisation. It was not until the Middle Ages that the province entered history, when La Rochelle sealed its fate and became its capital.

1625:. With the official establishment of the province in 1374, during the reign of Charles V of France, Aunis recovered Rochefort and Marennes, but its eastern boundaries were still vague. 1225:

All these natural phenomena combined, so that it has been said "this region , often flooded and marshy, has its riches, is easy to defend, but cannot become the fulcrum for an attack".

547: 1178:. This geographic isolation made communications and trade very poor. One can see from a road map of Gallo-Roman times, Aunis is entirely absent. The old Roman road which ran from 1274:) de Rochefort. The Santones had worked laboriously to perfect a technique of saltwater extraction, and their ancient production sites were put right on the shoreline. These are 1466:

In the 9th and 10th centuries the Counts of Poitou hastened to fortify the Aunis coast. They built the four-tower fortress at Châtelaillon as their stronghold to deal with the

2949: 852: 1055:

in 406 AD. Delayant in his time described the idea that the Alani would have settled in Aunis: "Their attacks were at first aimed at looting rather than conquest. The

617: 2194:

All population data are from the 2006 INSEE census and are concerned only with municipal population. The populations are those of the boundaries set in 1999 by INSEE.

787:

In 2010, the northwest of the department had ten of the seventeen towns of over 5,000 inhabitants, and 31 of the department's 60 communes of over 2,000 inhabitants.

550:

are the main centres for oyster farming. La Rochelle keeps its place as a fishing port thanks to its modern port of Chef-de-Baie, but even so fishing is in decline.

712:

Thanks to the sea, Aunis developed its tourist potential which, in the late 19th century, came to the fore with the trend for sea bathing. Bathing beaches such as

1128:

The old "Forest of Argenson" covered the entire region. For many centuries this huge forest made a near-impenetrable natural frontier stretching from the rivers

1609:, at the mouth of the Charente. However, in the east the borders were often ill-defined and subject to change. It is likely that Aunis extended to the ports of 1295:

During the first three centuries of the Gallo-Roman period, the Romans were especially keen to colonise the area between the coastline of Aunis and the ancient

2971: 640:). It is by far the largest hub of the department. It is also a large commercial port, the eighth largest in all France. In 2007 it was granted the status of 1834: 1330:

entered a new age of prosperity, and its northern part was just as prosperous, after it was integrated into Aquitaine. The Romans also had interests in the "

1047:

the etymology must be interpreted as being cognate with that of an ancient barbaric people. According to some historians, Aunis was populated by a tribe of

1786: 1555: 851:

had a density of less than 50/km (130/sq mi) (46/km (120/sq mi) in 2006), even though its population surged between 1999 and 2006 by 28.4%. The

1891: 518:) and livestock farming. Dairy cows have long been the mainstay, but more and more cows and bulls are raised for beef (principally in the marshy areas). 333:

The region is coastal, with varied seafronts and offshore islands, from which maritime activities diversified. Nowadays tourism is of great importance.

725: 2016: 929: 578: 571: 429:

Huge efforts were made to break this geographical isolation. Without doubt the most spectacular was the coming of the railway in 1857, running from

637: 358: 956:

The name of the province appears for the first time in history in 785 AD. Following the partition of Aquitaine into nine counties, as decreed by

1078:

the name of Aunis is related to the eventful history of the town of Châtelaillon in mediaeval times. The first capital of Aunis was in practice

2493: 268: 1848: 1713:, Saintonge, Angoumois and Gascony, together with Périgord, Médoc and Elanes. They will take towns, castles and fortresses without resistance. 1125:

times, the northern part of Santonie, which became called "Aunis", was a long-neglected region far from civilisation, with no communications.

748:

lives totally by tourism and can accommodate up to 250,000 tourists during the summer season. This "invasion" is even more pronounced on the

2117:

Records relating to this time in Aunis are very rare, and so is archaeology, which goes to show the complete isolation of Aunis at this time

1937:

For this purpose is meant the administrative area of La Rochelle and the "rural" areas of the Île de Ré, of Pays d'Aunis and of Rochefortais

1334:" and had started to clear the Forest of Argenson on its eastern border. During the 1st century AD they had built the Roman road connecting 370: 2979: 1299:("Forest of Argenson"), taking lands latterly in Santone hands. The new colonists, somewhat turning their backs to the sea, set up their 2964: 2837: 1474:

incursions into the interior, reached by river and stream, caused great insecurity. So in the 9th century the Duke of Poitou built the

804:

La Rochelle and Rochefort are the most populous urban areas not just in Aunis but in all Charente-Maritime. The two towns are becoming

264: 625: 1459:. Towards the end of the 10th century, after Carolingian power collapsed, Aunis separated from Saintonge and had its first capital, 888:

it is the second largest urban area in the department with 37,095 inhabitants, making it equal fifth in the Poitou-Charentes region.

1351: 661: 581:, which has been protected because it is unique to the region. With an area of 3,300 hectares (8,200 acres), it is the Aunisiens' " 3205: 1684:, Sanctonge, Angomoys et Gascoigne, ensemble Perigot, Medoc et Elanes. Sans resistence prendront villes, chasteaux et forteresses. 1641:, gave Aunis much greater power: it was the last stand of the resistance movement, which survived until La Rochelle fell in 1628. 1266:

valley. Transport was largely on the waterways, even after the Romans had built their more advanced – and more expensive – roads.

3449: 81: 3459: 2940: 2557:

was for a time the name of the commune now called Saint-Georges-du-Bois, north of the town of Surgères. This parish was called

2341: 475:

Roads have also been considerably modernised, notably the roads from La Rochelle to Rochefort, from La Rochelle to Niort, the

3464: 2957: 1210:("Marshland Way"): this is Route départmentale D.120, which runs from Saint-Jean-d'Angély until the department's border with 2240:, which is found in many different forms in Latin, has been the object of studies between which it is difficult to choose". 3371: 498:

The modernisation of communication infrastructure had its heyday in the second half of the 19th century, at the end of the

3444: 1746: 720:

gained notability, while the larger beaches such as those of the Île de Ré became national treasures from the 1960s. The

1946:

Saintes returned 26,531 inhabitants at the 2006 census and remained second in Charente-Maritime (municipal population)

1593:

The province was much larger in mediaeval times, and underwent numerous changes to its borders. It extended from the

863:

density of the Île de Ré was the highest of the entire French coast, being a record high of 207/km (540/sq mi).

836: 366: 724:, which is effectively an inland sea, was popular for pleasure boating in the 1970s. La Rochelle, with its immense 656:

developed port activities on the river Charente. The two towns have diverse industrial activities with aerospace (

574:, and has lately achieved a certain notability for its small-volume craft production and minimal postprocessing. 859: 2273:; said "pays des aulnes". Logically since the sea advanced further into the interior than it does today, this 1198:) was routed entirely to the east of Aunis. The name of this Roman road remains in some modern place names as 690: 2069:

have been found along the ancient shoreline of Aunis, mainly in the area that is now the Marais de Rochefort

1982: 1531: 784:

In 2006 the region had 286,872 inhabitants, nearly half the total population of Charente-Maritime (47.9%).

649: 469: 434: 828:

The concentration of the population is even greater in the immediate neighbours of La Rochelle, where the

728:, can hold 5,000 pleasure boats, and has become the largest pleasure boating port on the French Atlantic. 2105:

A term used by the Romans to refer to anyone outside the Empire's borders; here it means the invaders of

1658: 1285: 52: 3105: 3085: 1347: 1488:

of Benon, with "a tower that stood in the middle of a square, encircled by two paths and three moats".

1185: 918:

regenerated into a vibrant small seaside resort in the 1990s. The town now has about 4,000 inhabitants.

881: 2561:

and its name is recorded in a charter of 1179, and the name was also used for the ancient forest. See

1863:

That is, the urban area of La Rochelle and the "rural" areas of the Île de Ré, Aunis and Rochefortais

1812: 1423: 1314: 1262:

allowed direct contact with the more advanced civilisation of the Roman Empire to the south, via the

976: 847:

had respectively 70/km (180/sq mi), 62/km (160/sq mi) and 62/km (160/sq mi). Only the

679: 1622: 983:), which was more important in the Middle Ages than it is today. Aulnay marked the frontier between 1753: 1695: 1399: 1350:. Here remains of a Gallo-Roman villa have been restored, together with many fragmentary finds. At 3376: 299: 3015: 1921: 1765: 1153:), where the trees had established themselves on riverbanks and in the marshy valleys, but where 773: 675: 752:

which accommodates up to 180,000 tourists each year, even though it does not have a car bridge.

1634: 1059:

had merely passed through. We must think of their stragglers. Some of them, turned back by the

1998:

It had 4,121 inhabitants in the 1962 census, its largest ever and a record still not surpassed

605:

Three industrial hubs emerged in Aunis to bring together the industries of Charente-Maritime:

3361: 3230: 2842: 1652: 1379: 721: 1895: 1808: 1579: 1389: 1346:(Angers) but it passed Aunis by, so clearings were opened into this vast forest, notably at 1083: 790:

The region covers 1,497.16 km (578.06 sq mi), 21.8% of the whole department.

737: 713: 695: 465: 241: 3396: 3381: 3120: 3060: 2325:

See the Roman road maps, entitled "Les Santons dans l'Aquitaine du Haut-Empire romain", in

2132:

because it was at the downstream end of the river Charente; the neighbouring Department of

1911:

La Rochelle cantons 1 – 9 and the canton of Aytré – 2006 census (municipal population)

1852: 1551: 1539: 1215: 499: 200: 3411: 1691: 848: 670:

has become a hub for the food industry, augmented by metallurgical and plastic industries.

294:

Aunis was the smallest province in France, in terms of area. Nowadays it is a part of the

67: 8: 3185: 3135: 3115: 3030: 2987: 2467:(in French), vol. La Charente-Maritime, Tours: Editions du Terroir, 1985, p. 61 1928:

are found, the density is nearly 100/km (260/sq mi) (98/km (250/sq mi) in 2006)

1738: 1638: 1563: 1547: 1543: 1436: 829: 283: 229: 1071:, and their name furnished one of numerous etymologies that have been given to the word 701: 3366: 3225: 3005: 2487: 1662: 1175: 1018:

Etymologists have proposed three possible interpretations which deserve consideration:

621: 362: 304: 260: 252: 2444: 1064: 822: 533: 342: 42: 3454: 3055: 2991: 2982: 2941:

The Forest of Argenson between Santones and Pictones, the story of a disappearing act

1881:

The cantons of Rochefort Centre, North and South – 2006 census (municipal population)

1666: 1559: 295: 233: 2393: 2372: 2349: 858:

Urbanisation has been just as fast on the Île de Ré, especially in the east. In the

3418: 3195: 3130: 1960: 1598: 1161:

also made up a dark and mysterious forest, awe-inspiring and full of superstition.

1133: 1068: 844: 629: 492: 480: 346: 2931: 1956: 818: 3075: 1978: 1959:

was the sixth largest urban area in the region. With the neighbouring commune of

1830: 1742: 1594: 1255: 1093: 1037: 1023: 885: 765: 653: 410: 406: 398: 256: 224: 1606: 1460: 1405: 749: 354: 3439: 3386: 3100: 3080: 2029: 1602: 1475: 1455:, appears for the first time in 785. It was under the control of the Counts of 965: 745: 526: 488: 476: 350: 272: 1306: 1211: 3433: 3140: 3040: 1446:

It was under Carolingian rule that Saintonge truly entered recorded history.

769: 633: 385: 96: 83: 17: 2054:

These comprise the marsh of "la Petite Flandre", drained in the 17th century

1168:, to the south) made it a slender peninsula. Its seclusion lent its name as 768:(management of Charente quays). Aunis has made huge efforts to put in place 2236:, took a prudent view of the interpretation of its name: "The etymology of 1585:

In 1374 the King officially separated Saintonge in 1374 and set up Aunis: "

1359: 1305:– large farms of some dozens of acres, predating the towns themselves – at 1243: 980: 553: 438: 3250: 3155: 2911:]. Collection le patrimoine des communes (in French). Flohic éditions. 2342:"La forêt d'Argenson entre Santons et Pictons, histoire d'une disparition" 1920:

In the community of communes of the Aunis Plain, where the small towns of

729: 271:

in the south. Aunis had an influence approximately 20–25 km into the

3290: 3045: 1728: 1523: 957: 894:

with 5,982 inhabitants, is the twelfth largest town in Charente-Maritime.

805: 609: 577:

In the north-east of Aunis there is a huge forest of hardwood trees, the

484: 461: 442: 430: 237: 3305: 3300: 3285: 3280: 3255: 3070: 1479: 1003:(in 970), so that Aunis, with its older name as seen above, was written 840: 757: 705: 667: 3340: 3180: 2508: 1699: 1574: 1507: 1440: 1122: 776:, quality tourist bases (lac de Frace, tourist complex of La Taillée). 582: 522: 2480:

La Charente-Maritime: l'Aunis et la Saintonge des origines à nos jours

2426:

La Charente-Maritime, l'Aunis et la Saintonge des origines à nos jours

2398:

La Charente-Maritime, L'Aunis et la Saintonge des origines à nos jours

2377:

La Charente-Maritime, l'Aunis et la Saintonge des origines à nos jours

2328:

La Charente-Maritime, L'Aunis et la Saintonge des origines à nos jours

1562:. This yoke was shaken off in 1371, and the province restored to King 1164:

Moreover, the deep sea gulfs (Gulf of Pictones, to the north, Gulf of

1104:. This last theory has found favour with a large number of historians. 3391: 3265: 3260: 3145: 3110: 3010: 1925: 1415: 1060: 1015:. Even now, there is no consensus among historians and etymologists. 733: 349:

in the south. To the west is the Atlantic Ocean and two islands, the

185: 2684:

This defensive site gained repute for its fortress named "Lisleau".

2647:. Collection Que-Sais-Je? (in French). Paris: P.U.F. pp. 18 19. 2626:

The date generally given by historians for this is 476 AD; see

2517:

became part of Aquitaine which was itself divided into six cities".

2214: 2212: 1723: 1429: 1372:, whose names still linger on, such as that of the Gallo-Roman site 1318: 561:("White Gold") salt are important natural resources of the Île de Ré 3345: 3330: 3320: 3310: 3190: 3175: 3150: 3125: 3050: 2925:(database of 300.000 surnames and placenames at histoirepassion.eu 2511:, who made the provinces smaller to improve defence logistics, the 2133: 1963:, it had a combined urban population of 36,422 inhabitants in 2006. 1616: 1251: 1239: 1165: 1137: 1129: 988: 984: 814: 566: 515: 511: 457: 393: 380: 374: 3035: 2600:

This typical Gallo-Roman name means "The newly deforested lands".

1899: 1136:

to the east, which kept it apart from the ancient province of the

904: 361:(the main left tributary of the Sèvre Niortaise), by the hills of 3295: 3235: 3220: 3165: 3095: 3090: 3065: 2808: 2209: 1471: 1310: 1263: 1056: 384:

Chalk cliffs to the north and south of La Rochelle date from the

2922: 3315: 3270: 3240: 3170: 3160: 3020: 2126:

From its creation in 1790 until 1941, the department was named

1986: 1974: 1467: 1456: 1419: 1289: 1259: 1247: 1195: 1116: 914: 761: 717: 613: 543: 453: 207: 190: 2892:

Origine des noms de villes et villages de la Charente-Maritime

2574:

This rural amphitheatre was discovered by aerial photography.

1837:– which were for much of history obstacles for overland travel 1036:) was very common in mediaeval times; the province became the 908:

Vauban à Fouras fort has become a vibrant small seaside resort

880:

is the third town of Charente-Maritime, after La Rochelle and

3406: 3401: 3335: 3325: 3275: 3245: 2204: 2079: 1823:

This regional enclave was even more isolated by the marshes (

1610: 1535: 1503: 1229: 1154: 1148: 1048: 1032: 928:

which, with 20,987 inhabitants, is the most populated of the

832:

had a population density of 149/km (390/sq mi) in 2006.

810: 525:

wiped them out in 1876, although there are still some on the

168: 2527: 2498:(See especially the "Map of Gallo-Roman occupation", p. 77.) 2388: 2386: 2184:(in French), Tours: édition du Terroir, 1985, pp. 54–56 947:

is the most populous single commune, with 3,027 inhabitants.

2896:

Origins of names of towns and villages of Charente-Maritime

2859:] (in French), La Rochelle: H. Petit (publisher/editor) 2230:

Even that great 19th-century historian L. Delayant, in his

2106: 1512: 1238:– they preferred to call the area Saintonge and themselves 1052: 674:

In addition there are two smaller, newer industrial areas:

657: 282:

The province was officially recognised during the reign of

248: 244:

the historic capital which gives its name to the province.

2729:(in French). Tours: éditions du Terroir. 1985. p. 62. 2674:(in French). Tours: éditions du Terroir. 1985. p. 31. 2587:

On the site of Breuil-Bertin there are some Roman remains.

2277:

was thus a region of lakes. Recall that the alder (Latin:

972:, appeared in the last will and testament of Count Roger. 2383: 2295: 2293: 2045:

Some of these feelings and superstitions are still around

1158: 446: 437:

to Paris. This line has been repeatedly modernised (made

2836:

Bouillet, Marie-Nicolas; Chassang, Alexis, eds. (1878).

2744:(in French). La Rochelle: éditions Rupella. p. 190. 2702:. Tours: éditions du Terroir. 1985. pp. 32 and 210. 1546:, then, after their divorce and her remarriage, to King 597:

Rochefort and Saintonge Chamber of Commerce and Industry

2784: 2772: 2247: 943:

make up a small urban area with 5,504 inhabitants, but

760:(Notre-Dame church, castle, renovated town centre) and 510:

The two principal agricultural resources are intensive

505: 2796: 2760: 2748: 2651: 2523:. Collection "Que-Sais-Je?". Paris: P.U.F. p. 18. 2290: 1601:

in the south; to the west, it included the islands of

1418:

from the start of the 5th century AD, and then by the

2877:

de Vaux de Foletier, F. (2000). Princi Néguer (ed.).

2428:(in French). Éditions Bordessoules. 1981. p. 72. 2330:(in French). Éditions Bordessoules. 1981. p. 44. 1872:

La Rochelle contributing 146,121 and Rochefort 55,388

1022:

the name should be linked to the forest, because the

2932:

Flags, coats of arms and emblems of Poitou-Charentes

2432: 794:

average, which in 2006 was 113/km (290/sq mi).

2876: 2814: 2411: 2218: 2905:Le patrimoine des communes de la Charente-Maritime 1439:in the 9th power in the province was unstable and 357:. To the east it is bordered by the valley of the 232:, situated in the north-west of the department of 2507:"In 285 AD, during the reign of the Emperor 1324:However, near the end of the 3rd century AD, the 3431: 2835: 2739: 2379:(in French). Éditions Bordessoules. p. 128. 479:from Rochefort to Saintes, the viaduct over the 397:Atlantic, forming the northern extremity of the 2866:Guide l'art et de la nature – Charente-Maritime 2400:(in French). Editions Bordessoules. p. 28. 2632:(in French). éditions du Fallois. p. 184. 1789:, Governor of the Saintonge and Aunis regions. 1218:", where again no Roman road goes into Aunis. 536:and the north of La Rochelle, mussel farming ( 2965: 2178:Le Guide des départements, Charente-Maritime 2159: 2157: 1063:, hid (so it is said) in this refuge between 588: 2231: 2137: 2127: 2064: 1824: 1678: 1650: 1614: 1530:The province was thus controlled in 1130 by 1493: 1373: 1275: 1205: 1199: 1141: 641: 537: 2863: 2588: 2575: 2533: 2512: 2450: 2278: 2091: 1644: 1483: 1450: 1393: 1383: 1367: 1341: 1335: 1325: 1300: 1233: 1189: 1179: 1169: 1087: 1010: 1004: 998: 992: 2972: 2958: 2889: 2614: 2492:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2284: 2253: 2154: 1709:The other party, meanwhile, will head for 1522:After the demise of Châtelaillon in 1130, 341:Aunis has two river borders, those of the 2898:] (in French). Éditions Bordessoules. 2613:The site was later used for a monastery. 2410:It is described as a "chalky isthmus" in 2392: 2371: 2011:with those of the historical province of 1628: 1597:in the north, to the lower valley of the 521:Vineyards were virtually abandoned after 129:1,497.16 km (578.06 sq mi) 2870:Art and Nature Guide – Charente-Maritime 2850: 2802: 2790: 2778: 2766: 2754: 2685: 2657: 2438: 2313: 2299: 2241: 2163: 1722: 1680:L'aultre partie, cependent, tirera vers 1573: 1569: 1550:. Aunis was returned to the French with 1404: 903: 700: 689: 552: 379: 2909:Names in the Charente-Maritime communes 2742:A la recherche de la Saintonge maritime 2180:("Department Guide, Charente-Maritime") 1430:The "pagus alnensis" in the Middle Ages 1422:, who took over after their victory in 336: 3432: 2902: 2846:(in French). Vol. 1. p. 143. 2712: 2645:Histoire de l'Aunis et de la Saintonge 2642: 2627: 2601: 2565:, "Saint-Georges-du-Bois" (in vol. II) 2562: 2545:The Forest of Argenson is recorded as 2521:Histoire de l'Aunis et de la Saintonge 2518: 2477: 2007:Do not confuse the territories of the 2953: 2923:The history of Aunis from old records 1890:This canton combines the communes of 1718: 926:Communauté de communes Plaine d'Aunis 612:specialised in railway construction ( 502:, and economic activity diversified. 223: 1902:– 2006 census (municipal population) 1409:The church of Notre-Dame at Surgères 924:, with 3,523 inhabitants, leads the 506:Agricultural and maritime activities 2334: 2136:was farther upstream and so called 1747:Lantern Tower (La Rochelle, France) 1214:. This Roman road is found in the " 532:At sea, between the estuary of the 483:at Rochefort, the ring road around 13: 2853:Histoire de la Charente-Inférieure 2453:, Ardillières, Ballon and Le Thou. 2233:Histoire de la Charente-Inférieure 1117:The "pays des aulnes" in antiquity 866:The principal towns of Aunis are: 628:), chemicals and pharmaceuticals ( 460:also serve Aunis, passing through 14: 3476: 2916: 2482:(in French). Saint-Jean d’Angély. 2063:Thanks to archaeology, dozens of 1780: 1554:in 1224, but was restored by the 452:The regional railways connecting 3204: 2981: 2879:Histoire d'Aunis et de Saintonge 2829: 1727:The entrance of the Old Port of 1288:, and on the banks of the river 1086:), designated by its Latin name 542:) has an important place, while 318:(feminine). The English term is 66: 51: 41: 2733: 2718: 2706: 2691: 2678: 2663: 2636: 2620: 2607: 2604:, "Nuaillé-d'Aunis" (in vol. I) 2594: 2581: 2568: 2539: 2501: 2471: 2456: 2417: 2404: 2364: 2319: 2305: 2283:) enjoys very wet conditions." 2259: 2224: 2197: 2188: 2120: 2111: 2099: 2084: 2072: 2057: 2048: 2039: 2023: 2001: 1992: 1966: 1949: 1940: 1931: 1914: 1905: 1884: 594:La Rochelle Chamber of Commerce 242:Castrum Allionis (Châtelaillon) 16:For the French wine grape, see 3450:Geography of Charente-Maritime 2883:History of Aunis and Santoigne 2169: 1875: 1866: 1857: 1840: 1817: 1800: 1752:La Rochelle Town Hall, in the 1228:The coast was occupied by the 813:corridor", which runs between 772:and has developed, notably at 392:Aunis is a chalk plain of the 310:People from Aunis were called 173:Population sans double comptes 161: 1: 3460:History of Nouvelle-Aquitaine 2857:History of the Lower Charente 2740:Julien-Labruyere, F. (1980). 2423:See, for example, the map at 2148: 1578:The Vauban defensive wall in 779: 3465:History of Charente-Maritime 2890:Cassagne, J. M.; Korsak, M. 1532:William X, Duke of Aquitaine 860:Canton of Saint-Martin-de-Ré 548:Marais d'Yves Nature Reserve 420: 369:, and by the valleys of the 325: 7: 3355:Foreign territories in 1789 3214:Minor provinces and regions 2348:(in French). Archived from 1659:French Constitution of 1791 1657:were established under the 1358:, the Romans built a small 951: 10: 3481: 3445:Former provinces of France 2872:] (in French). Nathan. 2823: 1665:to form the Department of 1388:– nowadays the commune of 1232:, even during the time of 1201:La Chaussée de Saint-Félix 1108: 685: 616:) and naval construction ( 589:Industrial diversification 236:. Its historic capital is 15: 3354: 3213: 3202: 2998: 2727:Le Guide des départements 2700:Le Guide des départements 2672:Le Guide des départements 1637:, started in the time of 1499: 1271: 1147: 1101: 1031: 708:castle, now the town hall 680:Marans, Charente-Maritime 197: 184: 154: 146: 138: 133: 125: 120: 112: 77: 65: 37: 30: 2864:de La Torre, M. (1985). 2815:de Vaux de Foletier 2000 2412:de Vaux de Foletier 2000 2219:de Vaux de Foletier 2000 2090:where the great port of 1793: 1696:Gargantua and Pantagruel 1672: 1645:End of the Ancien Régime 646:("self-governing port"). 618:Chantiers navals Gamelin 487:, and the bridge to the 2578:, Saint-Georges-du-Bois 1739:The Saint Nicolas Tower 1204:("St Felix's Way") and 764:(port and river site), 491:, all of which are now 445:in 1993 for use by the 240:, which took over from 150:192/km (500/sq mi) 2943:at histoirepassion.eu 2903:Flohic, J. L. (2002). 2643:Deveau, J. M. (1974). 2519:Deveau, J. M. (1974). 2513: 2478:Maurin, Louis (1981). 2465:Guide des départements 2279: 2232: 2138: 2128: 2092: 2065: 2033: 1825: 1731: 1716: 1705: 1679: 1651: 1635:Protestant Reformation 1629:During the Reformation 1615: 1613:and also included the 1582: 1494: 1484: 1451: 1410: 1394: 1384: 1374: 1368: 1342: 1336: 1326: 1301: 1276: 1234: 1207:La Chaussée de Marsais 1206: 1200: 1190: 1180: 1170: 1142: 1097: 1088: 1041: 1027: 1011: 1005: 999: 993: 969: 909: 709: 698: 642: 632:) and pleasure boats ( 562: 538: 414: 389: 345:in the north, and the 3372:Menton and Roquebrune 2851:Delayant, L. (1872), 2843:Dictionnaire Bouillet 2725:"Charente-Maritime". 2715:, "Benon" (in vol. I) 2698:"Charente-Maritime". 2670:"Charente-Maritime". 2615:Cassagne & Korsak 2285:Cassagne & Korsak 2254:Cassagne & Korsak 1776:The Royal Ropemakers. 1768:church of Notre-Dame. 1726: 1706: 1676: 1577: 1570:Birth of the province 1502:) Abbey was built in 1470:threat. But repeated 1408: 1400:Saint-Sauveur-d'Aunis 1352:Saint-Georges-du-Bois 907: 704: 693: 557:The salt marshes and 556: 383: 199: • Summer ( 3121:Lorraine and Barrois 2988:Historical provinces 2591:, Saint-Ouen-d'Aunis 1922:Aigrefeuille-d'Aunis 1552:Louis VIII of France 1540:Eleanor of Aquitaine 1392:, or indeed that of 1222:difficult to reach. 960:in 778, the name of 922:Aigrefeuille d'Aunis 884:, but together with 837:Aigrefeuille-d'Aunis 774:Aigrefeuille-d'Aunis 676:Aigrefeuille-d'Aunis 624:), food industries ( 500:Second French Empire 337:Geographic framework 259:in the north, Basse 147: • Density 2999:General governments 2628:Grimal, P. (1993). 2352:on 26 December 2013 2265:"Aunis was written 2182:(collected edition) 2129:Charente-Inférieure 2036:, "Santone Country" 1835:Marais de Rochefort 1639:Francis I of France 1623:Saint-Jean d'Angély 1564:Charles V of France 1548:Henry II of England 1544:Louis VII of France 1437:Carolingian dynasty 1337:Mediolanum Santonum 1181:Mediolanum Santonum 830:canton of La Jarrie 284:Charles V of France 267:) in the east, and 93: / 2885:] (in French). 1896:Châtelaillon-Plage 1787:Amador de la Porte 1732: 1719:Places of interest 1583: 1580:Saint-Martin-de-Ré 1556:Treaty of Brittany 1506:, being the first 1482:, also called the 1411: 1380:Saint-Ouen-d'Aunis 1378:in the commune of 1216:Table de Peutinger 1084:Châtelaillon-Plage 945:Sainte-Marie-de-Ré 937:Saint-Martin-de-Ré 935:On the Île de Ré, 910: 738:Saint-Martin-de-Ré 722:Pertuis d'Antioche 714:Châtelaillon-Plage 710: 699: 696:Saint-Martin-de-Ré 622:Delphi Corporation 563: 466:Châtelaillon-Plage 390: 253:Duchy of Aquitaine 230:province of France 228:) is a historical 225:[onis,oni] 139: • Total 3427: 3426: 2267:pagus aliennensis 1892:Angoulins-sur-Mer 1692:François Rabelais 1667:Charente-Maritime 1560:John II of France 1194:(now the town of 1184:(now the town of 1044:("Alder Region"). 849:Canton of Courçon 493:dual carriageways 415:la Petite Flandre 296:Charente-Maritime 255:. It extended to 234:Charente-Maritime 214: 213: 126: • Land 3472: 3419:Comtat Venaissin 3415: 3208: 2986: 2985: 2974: 2967: 2960: 2951: 2950: 2946: 2937: 2928: 2912: 2899: 2886: 2873: 2860: 2847: 2833: 2832: 2818: 2812: 2806: 2800: 2794: 2788: 2782: 2776: 2770: 2764: 2758: 2752: 2746: 2745: 2737: 2731: 2730: 2722: 2716: 2710: 2704: 2703: 2695: 2689: 2682: 2676: 2675: 2667: 2661: 2655: 2649: 2648: 2640: 2634: 2633: 2624: 2618: 2611: 2605: 2598: 2592: 2589:de La Torre 1985 2585: 2579: 2576:de La Torre 1985 2572: 2566: 2543: 2537: 2534:de La Torre 1985 2531: 2525: 2524: 2516: 2514:Civitas Santonum 2505: 2499: 2497: 2491: 2483: 2475: 2469: 2468: 2460: 2454: 2451:de La Torre 1985 2448: 2442: 2436: 2430: 2429: 2421: 2415: 2408: 2402: 2401: 2390: 2381: 2380: 2368: 2362: 2361: 2359: 2357: 2346:Histoire passion 2338: 2332: 2331: 2323: 2317: 2309: 2303: 2297: 2288: 2282: 2275:pagus aliniensis 2263: 2257: 2251: 2245: 2235: 2228: 2222: 2216: 2207: 2201: 2195: 2192: 2186: 2185: 2173: 2167: 2161: 2142: 2141: 2131: 2124: 2118: 2115: 2109: 2103: 2097: 2095: 2088: 2082: 2076: 2070: 2068: 2061: 2055: 2052: 2046: 2043: 2037: 2027: 2021: 2005: 1999: 1996: 1990: 1970: 1964: 1961:Cenon-sur-Vienne 1953: 1947: 1944: 1938: 1935: 1929: 1918: 1912: 1909: 1903: 1888: 1882: 1879: 1873: 1870: 1864: 1861: 1855: 1844: 1838: 1828: 1821: 1815: 1804: 1734:In La Rochelle: 1703: 1686: 1656: 1620: 1501: 1497: 1487: 1454: 1426:in 507 AD. 1414:occupied by the 1397: 1387: 1377: 1371: 1345: 1339: 1329: 1304: 1297:sylve d'Argenson 1279: 1273: 1237: 1209: 1203: 1193: 1183: 1173: 1152: 1145: 1103: 1091: 1089:Castrum Allionis 1035: 1014: 1012:Pagus Alienensis 1008: 1002: 996: 726:Port des Minimes 645: 620:), motor parts ( 541: 227: 222: 204: 176: 165: 108: 107: 105: 104: 103: 98: 94: 91: 90: 89: 86: 72:Aunis in France. 70: 55: 45: 28: 27: 3480: 3479: 3475: 3474: 3473: 3471: 3470: 3469: 3430: 3429: 3428: 3423: 3409: 3350: 3209: 3200: 2994: 2980: 2978: 2944: 2935: 2926: 2919: 2830: 2826: 2821: 2813: 2809: 2801: 2797: 2789: 2785: 2777: 2773: 2765: 2761: 2753: 2749: 2738: 2734: 2724: 2723: 2719: 2711: 2707: 2697: 2696: 2692: 2683: 2679: 2669: 2668: 2664: 2656: 2652: 2641: 2637: 2630:L'Empire romain 2625: 2621: 2612: 2608: 2599: 2595: 2586: 2582: 2573: 2569: 2544: 2540: 2532: 2528: 2506: 2502: 2485: 2484: 2476: 2472: 2462: 2461: 2457: 2449: 2445: 2437: 2433: 2424: 2422: 2418: 2409: 2405: 2391: 2384: 2369: 2365: 2355: 2353: 2340: 2339: 2335: 2326: 2324: 2320: 2310: 2306: 2298: 2291: 2264: 2260: 2252: 2248: 2229: 2225: 2217: 2210: 2202: 2198: 2193: 2189: 2175: 2174: 2170: 2162: 2155: 2151: 2146: 2145: 2125: 2121: 2116: 2112: 2104: 2100: 2093:Portus Santonum 2089: 2085: 2077: 2073: 2062: 2058: 2053: 2049: 2044: 2040: 2028: 2024: 2006: 2002: 1997: 1993: 1979:Tonnay-Charente 1971: 1967: 1954: 1950: 1945: 1941: 1936: 1932: 1919: 1915: 1910: 1906: 1889: 1885: 1880: 1876: 1871: 1867: 1862: 1858: 1845: 1841: 1831:Marais Poitevin 1822: 1818: 1813:Tonnay-Charente 1805: 1801: 1796: 1783: 1743:The Chain Tower 1721: 1704: 1690: 1675: 1647: 1631: 1595:Marais Poitevin 1572: 1534:, bringing the 1432: 1395:Villa Liguriaco 1390:Nuaillé-d'Aunis 1332:Pays des Aulnes 1256:Gironde Estuary 1242:– and then the 1143:pays des aulnes 1140:. This was the 1119: 1111: 1098:château d'Aunis 1042:pays des aulnes 954: 886:Tonnay-Charente 823:canton of Aytré 782: 766:Tonnay-Charente 688: 654:Tonnay-Charente 591: 579:Forest of Benon 565:Reclamation of 534:Sèvre Niortaise 514:(wheat, maize, 508: 423: 407:Marais Poitevin 399:Aquitaine Basin 343:Sèvre Niortaise 339: 328: 314:(masculine) or 257:Marais Poitevin 220: 198: 180: 179: 166: 162: 101: 99: 95: 92: 87: 84: 82: 80: 79: 73: 61: 60: 59: 58: 49: 48: 33: 26: 25:Place in France 21: 12: 11: 5: 3478: 3468: 3467: 3462: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3425: 3424: 3422: 3421: 3416: 3404: 3399: 3394: 3389: 3384: 3379: 3374: 3369: 3364: 3358: 3356: 3352: 3351: 3349: 3348: 3343: 3338: 3333: 3328: 3323: 3318: 3313: 3308: 3303: 3298: 3293: 3288: 3283: 3278: 3273: 3268: 3263: 3258: 3253: 3248: 3243: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3223: 3217: 3215: 3211: 3210: 3203: 3201: 3199: 3198: 3193: 3188: 3183: 3178: 3173: 3168: 3163: 3158: 3153: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3108: 3103: 3098: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3078: 3073: 3068: 3063: 3058: 3053: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3023: 3018: 3013: 3008: 3002: 3000: 2996: 2995: 2977: 2976: 2969: 2962: 2954: 2948: 2947: 2938: 2929: 2918: 2917:External links 2915: 2914: 2913: 2900: 2887: 2874: 2861: 2848: 2825: 2822: 2820: 2819: 2807: 2795: 2793:, p. 134. 2783: 2781:, p. 107. 2771: 2759: 2747: 2732: 2717: 2705: 2690: 2677: 2662: 2650: 2635: 2619: 2606: 2593: 2580: 2567: 2553:, and others. 2538: 2526: 2500: 2470: 2455: 2443: 2431: 2416: 2403: 2382: 2363: 2333: 2318: 2304: 2289: 2271:pagus alnisius 2258: 2246: 2223: 2208: 2196: 2187: 2168: 2152: 2150: 2147: 2144: 2143: 2139:Haute Charente 2119: 2110: 2098: 2083: 2071: 2056: 2047: 2038: 2034:Pagus Santonum 2022: 2000: 1991: 1965: 1948: 1939: 1930: 1913: 1904: 1883: 1874: 1865: 1856: 1839: 1816: 1798: 1797: 1795: 1792: 1791: 1790: 1782: 1781:Notable people 1779: 1778: 1777: 1772:In Rochefort: 1770: 1769: 1758: 1757: 1750: 1720: 1717: 1698:, Chapter 33 ( 1688: 1674: 1671: 1646: 1643: 1630: 1627: 1571: 1568: 1476:fortified city 1452:Pagus Alnensis 1431: 1428: 1382:., or the old 1327:Pagus Santonum 1235:Pagus Santonum 1171:Pagus Santonum 1121:In Celtic and 1118: 1115: 1110: 1107: 1106: 1105: 1076: 1051:, who invaded 1045: 970:Pagus Alnensis 953: 950: 949: 948: 933: 919: 902: 901: 895: 889: 875: 781: 778: 687: 684: 672: 671: 665: 647: 638:Fontaine-Pajot 599: 598: 595: 590: 587: 512:arable farming 507: 504: 477:A837 autoroute 422: 419: 338: 335: 327: 324: 303:together with 212: 211: 205: 195: 194: 188: 182: 181: 178: 177: 159: 158: 156: 152: 151: 148: 144: 143: 140: 136: 135: 131: 130: 127: 123: 122: 118: 117: 114: 110: 109: 75: 74: 71: 63: 62: 56: 50: 46: 40: 39: 38: 35: 34: 31: 24: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3477: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3458: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3437: 3435: 3420: 3417: 3413: 3408: 3405: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3395: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3385: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3375: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3365: 3363: 3360: 3359: 3357: 3353: 3347: 3344: 3342: 3339: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3327: 3324: 3322: 3319: 3317: 3314: 3312: 3309: 3307: 3304: 3302: 3299: 3297: 3294: 3292: 3289: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3218: 3216: 3212: 3207: 3197: 3196:Trois-Évêchés 3194: 3192: 3189: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3179: 3177: 3174: 3172: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3149: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3141:Lower Navarre 3139: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3106:Île-de-France 3104: 3102: 3099: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3086:Franche-Comté 3084: 3082: 3079: 3077: 3074: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3062: 3059: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3022: 3019: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3003: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2984: 2975: 2970: 2968: 2963: 2961: 2956: 2955: 2952: 2942: 2939: 2933: 2930: 2924: 2921: 2920: 2910: 2906: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2849: 2845: 2844: 2839: 2828: 2827: 2817:, p. 47. 2816: 2811: 2805:, p. 54. 2804: 2803:Delayant 1872 2799: 2792: 2791:Delayant 1872 2787: 2780: 2779:Delayant 1872 2775: 2769:, p. 86. 2768: 2767:Delayant 1872 2763: 2757:, p. 80. 2756: 2755:Delayant 1872 2751: 2743: 2736: 2728: 2721: 2714: 2709: 2701: 2694: 2687: 2686:Delayant 1872 2681: 2673: 2666: 2660:, p. 44. 2659: 2658:Delayant 1872 2654: 2646: 2639: 2631: 2623: 2617:, p. 292 2616: 2610: 2603: 2597: 2590: 2584: 2577: 2571: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2542: 2535: 2530: 2522: 2515: 2510: 2504: 2495: 2489: 2481: 2474: 2466: 2459: 2452: 2447: 2440: 2439:Delayant 1872 2435: 2427: 2420: 2413: 2407: 2399: 2395: 2394:Glénisson, J. 2389: 2387: 2378: 2374: 2373:Glénisson, J. 2367: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2337: 2329: 2322: 2315: 2314:Delayant 1872 2308: 2302:, p. 42. 2301: 2300:Delayant 1872 2296: 2294: 2286: 2281: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2262: 2255: 2250: 2243: 2242:Delayant 1872 2239: 2234: 2227: 2221:, p. 18. 2220: 2215: 2213: 2206: 2200: 2191: 2183: 2179: 2176:"Île d'Aix", 2172: 2166:, p. 141 2165: 2164:Delayant 1872 2160: 2158: 2153: 2140: 2135: 2130: 2123: 2114: 2108: 2102: 2094: 2087: 2081: 2075: 2067: 2060: 2051: 2042: 2035: 2031: 2026: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2004: 1995: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1969: 1962: 1958: 1957:Châtellerault 1952: 1943: 1934: 1927: 1923: 1917: 1908: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1887: 1878: 1869: 1860: 1854: 1850: 1843: 1836: 1832: 1827: 1820: 1814: 1810: 1803: 1799: 1788: 1785: 1784: 1775: 1774: 1773: 1767: 1763: 1762: 1761: 1760:In Surgères: 1755: 1751: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1737: 1736: 1735: 1730: 1725: 1715: 1714: 1712: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1687: 1685: 1683: 1670: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1655: 1654: 1642: 1640: 1636: 1626: 1624: 1619: 1618: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1591: 1589: 1581: 1576: 1567: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1528: 1525: 1520: 1516: 1514: 1509: 1505: 1496: 1489: 1486: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1464: 1462: 1458: 1453: 1447: 1444: 1442: 1438: 1427: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1407: 1403: 1401: 1396: 1391: 1386: 1381: 1376: 1375:Breuil-Bertin 1370: 1363: 1361: 1357: 1354:, previously 1353: 1349: 1344: 1340:(Saintes) to 1338: 1333: 1328: 1322: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1303: 1298: 1293: 1291: 1287: 1281: 1278: 1267: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1236: 1231: 1226: 1223: 1219: 1217: 1213: 1208: 1202: 1197: 1192: 1187: 1182: 1177: 1172: 1167: 1162: 1160: 1156: 1150: 1144: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1126: 1124: 1114: 1099: 1095: 1090: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1043: 1039: 1034: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1020: 1019: 1016: 1013: 1007: 1006:Pagus Alensis 1001: 995: 990: 986: 982: 978: 973: 971: 967: 964:, written as 963: 959: 946: 942: 938: 934: 931: 927: 923: 920: 917: 916: 912: 911: 906: 899: 896: 893: 890: 887: 883: 879: 876: 872: 869: 868: 867: 864: 861: 856: 854: 850: 846: 842: 838: 833: 831: 826: 824: 820: 819:Châtellerault 816: 812: 807: 802: 798: 795: 791: 788: 785: 777: 775: 771: 770:green tourism 767: 763: 759: 753: 751: 747: 742: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 707: 703: 697: 692: 683: 681: 677: 669: 666: 663: 659: 655: 651: 648: 644: 643:port autonome 639: 635: 631: 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 608: 607: 606: 603: 596: 593: 592: 586: 584: 580: 575: 573: 568: 560: 555: 551: 549: 545: 540: 539:mytiliculture 535: 530: 528: 524: 519: 517: 513: 503: 501: 496: 494: 490: 486: 482: 478: 473: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 450: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 427: 418: 416: 412: 408: 402: 400: 395: 387: 386:Late Jurassic 382: 378: 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 334: 331: 323: 321: 317: 313: 308: 306: 302: 301: 297: 292: 290: 285: 280: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 245: 243: 239: 235: 231: 226: 218: 209: 206: 202: 196: 192: 189: 187: 183: 174: 170: 164: 160: 157: 153: 149: 145: 141: 137: 132: 128: 124: 119: 115: 111: 106: 78:Coordinates: 76: 69: 64: 54: 44: 36: 29: 23: 19: 18:Aunis (grape) 3025: 2908: 2904: 2895: 2891: 2882: 2878: 2869: 2865: 2856: 2852: 2841: 2810: 2798: 2786: 2774: 2762: 2750: 2741: 2735: 2726: 2720: 2708: 2699: 2693: 2688:, p. 80 2680: 2671: 2665: 2653: 2644: 2638: 2629: 2622: 2609: 2596: 2583: 2570: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2541: 2529: 2520: 2503: 2479: 2473: 2464: 2458: 2446: 2434: 2425: 2419: 2406: 2397: 2376: 2366: 2354:. Retrieved 2350:the original 2345: 2336: 2327: 2321: 2316:, p. 54 2307: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2261: 2256:, p. 8. 2249: 2244:, p. 54 2237: 2226: 2199: 2190: 2181: 2177: 2171: 2122: 2113: 2101: 2086: 2074: 2059: 2050: 2041: 2025: 2017:Pays d'Aunis 2012: 2009:Pays d'Aunis 2008: 2003: 1994: 1968: 1951: 1942: 1933: 1916: 1907: 1886: 1877: 1868: 1859: 1853:Île d'Oléron 1842: 1819: 1802: 1771: 1759: 1733: 1710: 1708: 1707: 1702:'s advisers) 1681: 1677: 1653:départements 1648: 1632: 1592: 1586: 1584: 1529: 1521: 1517: 1490: 1465: 1461:Châtelaillon 1448: 1445: 1433: 1412: 1364: 1360:amphitheatre 1355: 1331: 1323: 1296: 1294: 1282: 1268: 1227: 1224: 1220: 1163: 1127: 1120: 1112: 1102:Aunis castle 1080:Châtelaillon 1079: 1072: 1017: 997:(in 951) or 981:Saintongeais 974: 961: 955: 944: 940: 936: 930:Pays d'Aunis 921: 913: 897: 891: 877: 870: 865: 857: 853:Pays d'Aunis 834: 827: 803: 799: 796: 792: 789: 786: 783: 754: 743: 711: 673: 604: 602:up-to-date. 600: 576: 564: 558: 531: 520: 509: 497: 474: 451: 439:double track 428: 424: 403: 391: 340: 332: 329: 319: 315: 311: 309: 298: 293: 287: 281: 276: 269:Rochefortais 246: 216: 215: 172: 163: 97:46.5°N 0.5°W 57:Coat of arms 22: 3410: [ 3397:Sarrewerden 3377:Montbéliard 3046:Bourbonnais 2945:(in French) 2936:(in French) 2934:at free.fr 2927:(in French) 2713:Flohic 2002 2602:Flohic 2002 2563:Flohic 2002 2414:, p. 4 2356:19 February 2287:, p. 9 2078:Commune of 2066:sites à sel 1754:Renaissance 1729:La Rochelle 1558:in 1360 by 1524:La Rochelle 1500:God's Grace 1307:Ardillières 1277:sites à sel 1254:. The huge 1212:Deux-Sèvres 1123:Gallo-Roman 1100:, English: 1009:or instead 979:(Aulnay en 958:Charlemagne 871:La Rochelle 806:twin cities 610:La Rochelle 485:La Rochelle 462:La Rochelle 443:electrified 431:La Rochelle 367:Saint-Félix 300:département 277:l'Île de Ré 238:La Rochelle 100: / 3434:Categories 3341:Vermandois 3231:Beaujolais 3181:Roussillon 2509:Diocletian 2463:"Ballon", 2149:References 2020:Rochefort. 1766:Romanesque 1700:Picrochole 1508:Cistercian 1498:(English: 1495:Grâce-Dieu 1449:Its name, 1343:Juliomagus 1191:Juliomagus 1146:(English: 1092:heard as 1030:(English: 780:Demography 583:green belt 559:l'or blanc 523:phylloxera 316:Aunisienne 286:in 1374: " 273:Isle of Ré 134:Population 102:46.5; -0.5 3392:Salm-Salm 3266:Couserans 3261:Comminges 3251:Cambrésis 3186:Saintonge 3156:Orléanais 3146:Nivernais 3111:Languedoc 3061:Champagne 3011:Angoumois 2488:cite book 1926:La Jarrie 1851:, on the 1849:Cotinière 1663:Saintonge 1649:When the 1607:Île d'Aix 1603:Île de Ré 1588:province. 1441:autarchic 1416:Visigoths 1385:Nobiliaco 1176:Saintonge 1061:Visigoths 1000:Audeniaco 941:La Flotte 878:Rochefort 874:Poitiers. 750:Île d'Aix 746:Île de Ré 734:La Flotte 730:Ars-en-Ré 694:Quays at 650:Rochefort 572:Île d'Ars 527:Île de Ré 489:Île de Ré 470:Rochefort 435:Rochefort 421:Transport 363:Saintonge 355:Île d'Aix 351:Île de Ré 326:Geography 305:Saintonge 289:province. 261:Saintonge 247:It was a 186:Time zone 3455:Santones 3382:Mulhouse 3362:Créhange 3346:Vivarais 3331:Valromey 3321:Rouergue 3311:Ponthieu 3306:Périgord 3301:Nébouzan 3286:Gévaudan 3281:Gâtinais 3256:Cévennes 3226:Armagnac 3191:Touraine 3176:Provence 3151:Normandy 3126:Lyonnais 3116:Limousin 3076:Flanders 3071:Dauphiné 3056:Burgundy 3051:Brittany 3031:Auvergne 2559:Argenton 2555:Argenton 2551:Argenton 2547:Argençon 2536:, Vouhé. 2396:(1981). 2375:(1981). 2203:Source: 2134:Charente 1955:In 2006 1809:Surgères 1689:— 1617:viguerie 1605:and the 1599:Charente 1480:Surgères 1356:Argenton 1286:Marennes 1252:Boutonne 1250:and the 1240:Santones 1166:Santones 1138:Pictones 1134:Charente 1130:Boutonne 1069:Charente 1067:and the 989:Pictones 985:Santones 952:Toponymy 892:Surgères 841:Surgères 815:Poitiers 758:Surgères 706:Surgères 668:Surgères 567:sea salt 546:and the 516:oil seed 481:Charente 458:Bordeaux 394:Jurassic 375:Boutonne 371:Trézence 353:and the 347:Charente 320:Aunisian 312:Aunisien 265:Niortais 167:Source: 3296:Labourd 3236:Bigorre 3221:Agenais 3166:Picardy 3101:Hainaut 3096:Guyenne 3091:Gascony 3066:Corsica 2838:"Aunis" 2824:Sources 1983:Périgny 1485:castrum 1424:Vouillé 1311:Le Thou 1264:Garonne 1258:of the 1186:Saintes 1155:beeches 1109:History 1082:(today 1057:Vandals 994:Odenaco 882:Saintes 686:Tourism 626:Senoble 365:around 251:of the 221:French: 142:286,872 113:Country 85:46°30′N 3316:Quercy 3271:Dombes 3241:Bresse 3171:Poitou 3161:Perche 3136:Marche 3021:Artois 3006:Alsace 2992:France 2834: 2015:. The 1987:Saujon 1975:Lagord 1826:marais 1756:style. 1472:Norman 1468:Viking 1457:Poitou 1420:Franks 1369:villae 1319:Thairé 1317:, and 1315:Ballon 1302:villae 1290:Seudre 1260:Seudre 1248:Seugne 1244:Romans 1196:Angers 1174:, now 1151:Region 1094:French 1038:French 1024:French 977:Aulnay 915:Fouras 898:Marans 845:Marans 762:Marans 718:Fouras 662:Simair 634:Dufour 630:Rhodia 614:Alstom 544:Fouras 454:Nantes 441:, and 411:French 359:Mignon 155: 116:France 88:0°30′W 3440:Aunis 3414:] 3407:Tende 3402:Savoy 3336:Velay 3326:Soule 3276:Forez 3246:Bugey 3131:Maine 3041:Berry 3036:Béarn 3026:Aunis 3016:Anjou 2907:[ 2894:[ 2881:[ 2868:[ 2855:[ 2280:alnus 2238:Aunis 2205:INSEE 2080:Muron 2030:Latin 2013:Aunis 1985:(9), 1981:(8), 1977:(7), 1900:Aytré 1794:Notes 1711:Aunis 1673:Quote 1611:Niort 1536:dowry 1513:vines 1504:Benon 1348:Vouhé 1272:marsh 1230:Celts 1188:) to 1149:Alder 1073:Aunis 1065:Sèvre 1049:Alani 1033:Alder 1028:aulne 966:Latin 962:Aunis 939:and 811:Clain 263:(and 217:Aunis 210:(EDT) 208:UTC+1 193:(CET) 191:UTC+1 169:INSEE 32:Aunis 3387:Nice 3367:Dabo 3081:Foix 2549:and 2494:link 2358:2010 2107:Gaul 2096:lies 1989:(10) 1924:and 1898:and 1829:) – 1811:and 1764:The 1682:Onys 1633:The 1159:oaks 1157:and 1132:and 1053:Gaul 987:and 843:and 817:and 744:The 736:and 716:and 678:and 658:EADS 652:and 468:and 433:and 405:the 373:and 249:fief 121:Area 47:Flag 3291:Gex 2990:of 2269:or 1621:of 1542:to 1538:of 1478:of 1398:at 585:". 456:to 449:). 447:TGV 279:). 201:DST 3436:: 3412:fr 2840:. 2490:}} 2486:{{ 2385:^ 2344:. 2292:^ 2211:^ 2156:^ 2032:: 1894:, 1833:, 1745:, 1741:, 1694:, 1669:. 1590:" 1566:. 1463:. 1443:. 1402:. 1362:. 1313:, 1309:, 1096:: 1075:." 1040:: 1026:: 968:: 839:, 732:, 682:. 660:, 636:, 529:. 495:. 472:. 464:, 413:: 401:. 377:. 322:. 307:. 291:" 171:. 2973:e 2966:t 2959:v 2496:) 2441:. 2360:. 1749:. 932:. 809:" 388:. 275:( 219:( 203:) 175:. 20:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index