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depiction of
Atticus, the depiction of the town itself, especially the African-American characters, is also dramatically altered between the two drafts. Real-life comparisons with Lee's father, Amasa Coleman Lee, have also been made in the two differing versions of Atticus in that originally Amasa Lee was in favor of segregation but became more liberal later in life, changing his views to support
354:, and the father of Jeremy "Jem" Finch and Jean Louise "Scout" Finch. He represents the African-American man Tom Robinson in his trial where he is charged with rape of Mayella Ewell. Through his unwavering dedication to upholding justice and fighting for what is right, Atticus becomes an iconic symbol of moral integrity and justice. Lee based the character on her own father,
591:
his unjust conviction as the result of prejudice was a central part of not only the story but why
Atticus is seen culturally as such a righteous and progressive character. His defense is based on not just Robinson's innocence but on his fundamental equality. His closing argument is a more polished
471:
and should not be revered. Freedman's article sparked a flurry of responses from attorneys who entered the profession holding
Atticus Finch as a hero and the reason for which they became lawyers. Freedman argued that Atticus Finch is dishonest, unethical, sexist, and inherently racist, and that he
596:
and there are other instances where both versions contain the same descriptions word for word. This kind of character development, where motivations and ideals between characters, for reasons of plot, are changed is not unusual in the process of creative writing. Apart from the more progressive
522:. In a letter to the author, Harper Lee herself noted the "obvious parallels" between the cases (Lee was 12 at the time of the Charles White trial) and between Atticus Finch and Foster Beck, though she also stated that she could not recall the trial, and that
427:
has commented about critiques of the novel, saying, "A greater volume of critical readings has been amassed by two legal scholars in law journals than by all the literary scholars in literary journals". Alice Petry remarked, "Atticus has become something of a
563:
but is not a chronological sequel) revealed that
Atticus, depicted in this version as being in his early seventies, is portrayed as a far less progressive character. He makes comments that favor segregation and has attended a
472:
did nothing to challenge the racist status quo in
Maycomb. Freedman's article sparked furious controversy, with one legal scholar opining, "What Monroe really wants is for Atticus to be working on the front lines for the
476:
in the 1930s, and, if he's not, he's disqualified from being any kind of hero; Monroe has this vision of lawyer as prophet. Atticus has a vision of lawyer not only as prophet, but as parish priest."
452:
asserts, "No real-life lawyer has done more for the self-image or public perception of the legal profession", before questioning whether "Atticus Finch is a paragon of honor or an especially slick
303:
605:, Lee's editor, has also been argued to have played a major part in the character development of the novel and particularly Atticus's liberal transformation. Jonathan Mahler of
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467:
calling for the legal profession to set aside
Atticus Finch as a role model. Freedman argued that Atticus still worked within a system of institutionalized racism and
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253:
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514:, in which he noted the numerous parallels between his father Foster Beck's defense of a black man accused of raping a white woman in the 1938 trial
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erected a monument dedicated to
Atticus in Monroeville marking his existence as the "first commemorative milestone in the state's judicial history".
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in legal circles and is treated almost as if he were an actual person". Examples of
Atticus Finch's impact on the legal profession are plentiful.
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referenced
Atticus Finch as an ideal American character, and mentioned him during his farewell address to the nation on January 11, 2017.
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Atticus Finch's willingness to support social outcasts and victims of prejudice is the eponymous inspiration for the name of the
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350:, written in the mid-1950s but not published until 2015. Atticus is a lawyer and resident of the fictional Maycomb County,
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and the characterizations and key plot details between the two books are not only different but sometimes contradictory.
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Michiko
Kakutain. "Review: Harper Lee's 'Go Set a Watchman' Gives Atticus Finch a Dark Side" nytimes.com: 2015.
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358:, an Alabama lawyer, who, like Atticus, represented black defendants in a highly publicized criminal trial.
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463:, a professor of law and noted legal ethicist, published two articles in the national legal newspaper
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re-write, was working on her own biography of the early-20th-century New York activist and humanist
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Understanding To Kill a Mockingbird: A Student Casebook to Issues, Sources, and Historic Documents.
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864:"At the Bar; To Attack A Lawyer In 'To Kill a Mockingbird': An Iconoclast Takes Aim At A Hero"
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names Finch as the seventh best fictional character of 20th-century literature. In 2003, the
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meeting. This has proved controversial to many readers, unaware perhaps that although
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review of the book (which is set about twenty years after the time period depicted in
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1046:"See where 'Go Set a Watchman' overlaps with 'To Kill a Mockingbird,' word-for-word"
986:"Read about the real-life court case that may have inspired 'To Kill A Mockingbird'"
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1072:"Book Review: In Harper Lee's 'Go Set a Watchman' Atticus Finch Defends Jim Crow"
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trial, counted Atticus as a major judicial influence. One law professor at the
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My Father and Atticus Finch: A Lawyer's Fight for Justice in 1930's Alabama.
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1093:"Review: Harper Lee's 'Go Set a Watchman' Gives Atticus Finch a Dark Side"
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My Father and Atticus Finch: A Lawyer's Fight for Justice in 1930s Alabama
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that Ms. Hohoff, at the same time as she was guiding Ms. Lee through the
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25 (1992) and Monroe Freedman, "Atticus Finch – Right and Wrong", 45
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20 (1992); Monroe H. Freedman, "Finch: The Lawyer Mythologized", 14
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version of the progressive argument the adult Jean Louise makes in
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stated that the most influential textbook from which he taught was
344:. A preliminary version of the character also appears in the novel
1022:"The Clever, Complex Meaning of Obama's Shoutout to Atticus Finch"
543:
In July 2015, days before Lee's highly anticipated second novel,
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1150:"The Invisible Hand Behind Harper Lee's 'To Kill a Mockingbird'"
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649:"Characters Embodying the Mockingbird in To Kill a Mockingbird"
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549:, was officially published, the first chapter was released in
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Characters Embodying the Mockingbird in To Kill a Mockingbird
611:
The Invisible Hand Behind Harper Lee's 'To Kill a Mockingbird
510:
In 2016, the lawyer Joseph Madison Beck published the memoir
473:
910:
Metress, Christopher. "The Rise and Fall of Atticus Finch."
1216:. HarperCollins: 1960 (Perennial Classics edition: 2002).
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Athens, Georgia : The University of Georgia Press.
396:, Finch has been portrayed by various actors including
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Monroe H. Freedman, "Atticus Finch, Esq., R.I.P.", 14
1423:Characters in American novels of the 20th century
576:is the first draft of the text that later became
419:
1414:
1119:"Memories of the Man Who Inspired Atticus Finch"
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845:Lubet, Steven. "Reconstructing Atticus Finch."
583:In terms of plot, Tom Robinson is acquitted in
518:and Atticus Finch's defense of Tom Robinson in
1186:To Kill a Mockingbird: Threatening Boundaries.
716:The 100 Best Characters in Fiction Since 1900"
1291:
923:"'Mockingbird' Hero Honored in Monroeville."
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366:The 100 Best Characters in Fiction Since 1900
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785:"AFI's 100 Years... 100 Heroes and Villains"
769:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
742:"100 Best Characters in Fiction Since 1900"
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516:State of Alabama vs. Charles White, Alias,
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740:Magazine, March/April 2002 (March 2002).
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495:, which is an organization composed of "
372:voted Atticus Finch, as portrayed in an
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1043:
1020:Kornhaber, Spencer (January 11, 2017).
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628:, was published in 1959, a year before
1443:Literary characters introduced in 1960
1415:
1260:Mockingbird: A Portrait of Harper Lee.
1246:On Harper Lee: Essays and Reflections.
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1034:
959:Beck, Joseph Madison (June 21, 2016).
862:Margolick, David (February 28, 1992).
672:
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1248:University of Tennessee Press: 1994.
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984:Whitley, Carla Jean (June 17, 2016).
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536:
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386:greatest hero of all American cinema
1438:Fictional Democrats (United States)
1091:Kakutani, Michiko (July 10, 2015).
555:for public viewing. On that day, a
13:
1148:Mahler, Jonathan (July 12, 2015).
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14:
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1428:Fictional characters from Alabama
326:is a fictional character and the
1244:Petry, Alice. "Introduction" in
1117:Stevens, Laura (July 13, 2015).
1044:Collins, Keith (July 14, 2015).
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1226:Mancini, Candice, ed. (2008).
963:. W. W. Norton & Company.
927:(Alabama): May 3, 1997; p. 7A.
849:97, no. 6 (May 1999): 1339–62.
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420:Effect on the legal profession
194:Francis Hancock (great-nephew)
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1008:My Father & Atticus Finch
673:Boston, Talmage (June 2010).
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512:My Father & Atticus Finch
1070:Sacks, Sam (July 10, 2015).
170:Jean Graham Finch (deceased)
7:
1463:Fictional defense attorneys
10:
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1458:Fictional American lawyers
1262:Henry Holt and Co.: 2006.
624:. He notes that the book,
179:Jeremy Atticus "Jem" Finch
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1188:Twayne Publishers: 1994.
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790:. afi.com. Archived from
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376:-winning performance by
338:-winning novel of 1960,
228:This article is part of
1228:Racism in Harper Lee's
1202:Greenwood Press: 1994.
1124:The Wall Street Journal
1077:The Wall Street Journal
526:was a work of fiction.
370:American Film Institute
162:Caroline Finch (sister)
158:Alexandra Finch Hancock
125:In-universe information
16:Fictional character in
1468:Fictional bibliophiles
938:"About Atticus Circle"
677:Who was Atticus Finch?
192:Henry Hancock (nephew)
153:John Hale "Jack" Finch
141:Lawyer, Member of the
1448:Drama film characters
1433:To Kill a Mockingbird
1386:To Kill a Mockingbird
1312:To Kill a Mockingbird
1230:To Kill a Mockingbird
1214:To Kill a Mockingbird
609:notes in his article
572:was published first,
570:To Kill a Mockingbird
524:To Kill a Mockingbird
520:To Kill a Mockingbird
446:To Kill a Mockingbird
425:Claudia Durst Johnson
341:To Kill a Mockingbird
58:To Kill a Mockingbird
18:To Kill a Mockingbird
1177:Beck, J. M. (2016).
382:1962 film adaptation
46:1962 film adaptation
847:Michigan Law Review
622:John Lovejoy Elliot
450:Michigan Law Review
434:Richard Paul Matsch
390:Broadway stage play
364:magazine's list of
143:Alabama Legislature
24:Fictional character
1388:in popular culture
1258:Shields, Charles.
1234:, The Gale Group.
1198:Johnson, Claudia.
1184:Johnson, Claudia.
1154:The New York Times
1097:The New York Times
869:The New York Times
746:Talk of the Nation
607:The New York Times
461:Monroe H. Freedman
283:Gregory Peck Award
1410:
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1368:Go Set a Watchman
1240:978-0-7377-3904-6
797:on August 7, 2011
686:Texas Bar Journal
626:A Ministry to Man
566:Citizens' Council
546:Go Set a Watchman
538:Go Set a Watchman
529:Former President
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481:Alabama State Bar
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388:. In the 2018
336:Pulitzer-Prize
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1157:. Retrieved
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618:Mockingbird
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465:Legal Times
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816:Boundaries
801:2010-05-21
635:References
603:Tay Hohoff
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332:Harper Lee
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454:hired gun
430:folk hero
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384:, as the
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155:(brother)
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103:Ed Harris
1159:July 18,
1130:July 21,
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875:July 21,
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264:Gallery
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