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Athletics abbreviations

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90:, then reacting (possibly anticipating) the runner crossing the finish line. The proper procedure for converting hand times would be to round any hundredths up to the next higher even tenth of a second and then add the .24 to get a time for comparison purposes only. But many meets displayed the converted marks accurate to the hundredth making the results look like they were taken with fully automatic timing. In these cases, some meets have displayed a 4 or a 0 in the hundredths column for all races. When detected, reports of these times are followed by a "c" or ' to indicate converted times. 74:
to the accuracy of a tenth of a second even when the watch displays greater accuracy. If the mark was set before 1977, a converted time to the tenth was recorded for record purposes, because they did not have a system to compare between the timing methods. Frequently in those cases there is a mark to the 100th retained for that race. Over this period of evolution, some reports show hand times also followed with an "h" or "ht" to distinguish hand times.
101:
road races cannot fit all participants onto the start line. Depending on the size of the field, some athletes could be several city blocks away from the start line and in the large crowd, could take minutes to get across the line. Results frequently indicate two times, the "gun time" would be the official time from the firing of the
112:, times are displayed to the thousandth of a second. These times to the thousandth are not used for record purposes but times to the thousandth can be used to break ties between adjacent heats. Rules specify if a tie is broken this way, that all heats involved are recorded with the same timing system. 73:
have become common. As this evolution has occurred, the rare early times were specified as FAT times. As they are now commonplace, automatic times are now expressed using the hundredths of a second. Hand times (watches operated by human beings) are not regarded as accurate and thus are only accepted
81:
initiated adding .24 to hand times as a conversion factor. Many electronic hand stopwatches display times to the hundredth. Frequently those readings are recorded, but are not accepted as valid (leading to confused results). Some low level meets have even hand timed runners and have switched places
100:
is becoming more common. The RFID detection system times the transponder chip, usually located on a runner's shoe as opposed to the official timing of the torso. Accurate to a full second, this is not significant, but in breaking microscopic ties, the data does not correspond to timing rules. Most
93:
Road race times are only considered accurate to a full second. To distinguish a full second time with hours, from a minute time with hundredths of a second, colons are used to separate hours from minutes, and minutes from seconds. A period is used to separate seconds from hundredths of a second.
1304: 1518: 316:
Some records are ratified or tracked, but they are not to the same standard of quality or accuracy as a record. The term is "bests." World Athletics lists bests for the Youth division and for
1340: 86:
is not perfectly identical between different human beings. Hand times involve human beings reacting, pushing the stopwatch button when they see the smoke or hear the sound of the
271:
for Junior) – for an athlete under 20 years of age before the end of the calendar year of the competition. If no age-specific infix is added, the athlete is considered senior.
2047: 82:
according to the time displayed on the stopwatch. All of this is, of course, wrong. Hand times are not accurate enough to be accepted for record purposes for short races.
184: 2026: 332: 2136: 27:, use a variety of statistics. In order to report that information efficiently, numerous abbreviations have grown to be common in the sport. Starting in 1948 by 1360: 1060: 1237: 105:, but the mat time shows the time the shoe crossed a sensing mat at the start line to the time the shoe crossed the sensing mat at the finish line. 2004: 1545:
that are regularly contested, presentations of results and statistics often use abbreviations to refer to the events, rather than the full form.
2237: 2075: 1309: 1223: 636:– secondary qualifier, by next best time or distance to complete the prescribed field size, rather than achieving a place or measurement goal 170: 161: 1498: 1280: 1031: 128:(USATF), the governing body for the United States, only ratifies records once a year at their annual meeting at the beginning of December. 46: 1927: 1918: 1891: 1824: 278: 1393: 1294: 1213: 1090: 2341: 2336: 1974: 1251: 452: 410: 41:
became the leader in creating and defining abbreviations in this field. These abbreviations have also been adopted by, among others:
2311: 1489: 1350: 50: 2420: 2242: 2093: 1788: 933: 199: 2116: 1954: 903:– More than two team officials stationed behind drinks table or running beside an athlete while taking on refreshment or water 2126: 1815: 1080: 214: 2022: 1900: 1797: 1779: 1120: 1100: 1001: 152: 2163: 2106: 1936: 1748: 1193: 488: 2068: 1945: 1833: 1730: 1473: 1270: 1051: 143: 1383: 2254: 2190: 1909: 1070: 627: 233: 393:– Collegiate leading (the best mark achieved throughout US American universities and colleges within a given season) 2261: 2178: 1770: 1321: 2415: 1860: 1260: 258: 2321: 2266: 1721: 1011: 2425: 2394: 2326: 2061: 1882: 1739: 1331: 1163: 1143: 962: 223: 120:
Most records are subject to ratification by the governing body for that record. On the world level, that is
2296: 2281: 2276: 2232: 2200: 2143: 1203: 1153: 1129: 251:– the performance has not been accepted as a record, or there is some sort of irregularity with the result 2381: 2227: 1413: 1364: 1183: 1110: 1041: 982: 943: 922: 749:
Athlete disqualifications often reference the IAAF rule number under which the athlete was disqualified.
57:; and individual media outlets who receive their reports. These abbreviations also appear in Knowledge. 2331: 2185: 2173: 2131: 1373: 1173: 65:
Almost all races record a time. Evolving since experiments in the 1930s, to their official use at the
2291: 2286: 2195: 2111: 403:
for Youth) – for athletes under 18 years of age at the end of the calendar year of the competition.
387:– European leading (Europe leading) (the best mark achieved throughout Europe within a given season) 131:
Until a record is ratified, it is regarded as "Pending" which is sometimes indicated by a following
2361: 2356: 2316: 1674: 1542: 2306: 2158: 2148: 1463: 1453: 794: 28: 375:– season's best (the best mark achieved by an athlete on a personal level within a given season) 2376: 2346: 2301: 952: 2215: 1705: 1562: 1529: 991: 37: 1433: 1403: 1021: 918: 611: 125: 70: 66: 1982: 8: 2351: 2249: 2210: 2205: 2153: 1648: 845:– Baton not carried by hand; gloves or substances worn to give a better grip of the baton 445:– for athletes under 23 years of age at the end of the calendar year of the competition. 243: 2366: 1842: 1629: 891:– Failure to comply with definition of race walking according to three different judges 347:– area (or continental) best (the best mark recorded for a non-IAAF world record event) 257:– the athlete has been disqualified after the performance (usually, this is for taking 97: 83: 20: 359:– national best performance (the best mark recorded for a non-IAAF world record event) 2371: 2222: 2168: 769:– Prior doping violation leading to suspension during the period of the championships 955:
USA amateur sports umbrella governing body formed 1887 until broken up in 1979 – USA
2271: 1508: 353:– national best (the best mark recorded for a non-national federation record event) 341:– world best performance (the best mark recorded for a non-IAAF world record event) 54: 673:. For events where wind assistance is a factor (outdoor races 200 metres or less, 663:– short track, including "indoors" but also allowing for outdoor 200 metres tracks 1553: 1443: 1241: 972: 670: 497: 366: 121: 102: 87: 42: 24: 1806: 1757: 77:
With two different timing methods came the inevitable desire to compare times.
32: 2409: 1869: 1851: 1607: 1589: 124:. Each body has their own procedure for ratifying the records: for example, 1692: 1598: 1571: 1423: 317: 109: 1683: 787:– Giving or receiving assistance (e.g. pacing, use of electronic devices) 678: 513: 2042: 381:– world leading (the best mark achieved worldwide within a given season) 2053: 1639: 565: 1616: 1580: 674: 655: 897:– Illegal action by person authorised to hand refreshment to athlete 885:– Illegal change of position by waiting relay runner (indoor events) 827:– Running out of lane (before 800 m, alley start or relay breakline) 1657: 1341:
North American, Central American and Caribbean Athletic Association
681:), the wind reading is usually reported in metres per second (m/s). 321: 174: 45:, the world governing body; various domestic governing bodies; the 752:
This is typically written in the format (false start as example):
763:– Doping violation during or in connection with the championships 1979:
Gordie Richardson Oakland County 7th & 8th Grade Track Meet
839:– Illegal hurdle clearance or deliberately knocking down hurdle 803:- Entry to championships on the grounds of invalid performances 301:– national under-20 record (for a specific country) (formerly 481:– time was taken at an intermediate distance in a longer race 433:– national under-18 best (for a specific country) (formerly 851:– Dropped baton not retrieved by the athlete who dropped it 496:– (in a road race) course not record-eligible according to 2005:"What does ND abbreviation stand for in athletics results" 369:(the best mark achieved by an athlete on a personal level) 335:(the best mark recorded for a non-IAAF world record event) 324:. It also tracks athlete personal achievements as bests. 781:– Failure to participate honestly with bona fide effort 815:– Jostling or obstructing another athlete on the track 1361:
National Federation of State High School Associations
1061:
Central American and Caribbean Athletic Confederation
775:– Doping violation by one or more relay team members 568:
results where athletes are from different countries)
863:– Obstructing another team by athlete without baton 1238:International Association of Athletics Federations 879:relay begins running or breaks from lane too early 626:– automatic qualifier in a major competition (see 291:– area (or continental) under-20 record (formerly 1479: 466:– national under-23 best (for a specific country) 2407: 423:– area (or continental) under-18 best (formerly 472: 869:– Unverified team composition or running order 793:– Acting in an unsporting or improper manner ( 2069: 1224:Hong Kong Association of Athletics Affiliates 706:– a cleared height in high jump or pole vault 604:– no wind information (or no wind instrument) 1499:Association of Track and Field Statisticians 1281:Jamaica Athletics Administrative Association 1032:Bahamas Association of Athletic Associations 712:– a missed height in high jump or pole vault 47:Association of Track and Field Statisticians 1928:IAAF World Youth Championships in Athletics 1305:Korean Association of Athletics Federations 642:– advanced to the next round by jury appeal 16:Glossary of terms in the sport of athletics 2076: 2062: 1295:Japan Association of Athletics Federations 1240:1912-2019, the former name of what is now 1214:International University Sports Federation 1402:– The Athletics Congress, predecessor to 1252:International Association of Ultrarunners 2083: 2029:), p. 71. IAAF. Retrieved on 2015-07-06. 1825:English Schools' Athletics Championships 1490:Association of Road Racing Statisticians 1351:National Collegiate Athletic Association 1204:Federazione Italiana di Atletica Leggera 1194:FΓ©dΓ©ration Royale Marocaine d’AthlΓ©tisme 857:– Baton not passed within take-over zone 51:Association of Road Racing Statisticians 1910:World Junior Championships in Athletics 1798:European Athletics Junior Championships 1789:European Athletics Indoor Championships 1091:ConfederaciΓ³n Sudamericana de Atletismo 934:Amateur Athletic Association of England 648:– advanced to the next round by referee 108:Occasionally, when breaking ties using 2408: 1466:– World Masters (athletes over age 35) 1456:– World Masters (athletes over age 35) 1228:Hong Kong Amateur Athletic Association 2057: 1519:National Union of Track Statisticians 1454:World Association of Veteran Athletes 1394:Real FederaciΓ³n EspaΓ±ola de Atletismo 1081:International Military Sports Council 460:– area (or continental) under-23 best 1780:European Cross Country Championships 1285:Jamaica Amateur Athletic Association 1119:– 1949–1990 Athletics Federation of 1101:Chinese Taipei Athletics Association 1071:Confederação Brasileira de Atletismo 1002:Association of Panamerican Athletics 912: 744: 13: 2238:Australian and New Zealand punting 1834:Internationales Stadionfest Berlin 1731:African Championships in Athletics 1474:World Mountain Running Association 1271:International Paralympic Committee 1052:Confederation of African Athletics 921:of the sport are abbreviated into 833:– Knocking down hurdle out of lane 718:– athlete retired from competition 60: 14: 2437: 2036: 1919:World Cross Country Championships 1892:World Half Marathon Championships 1628:– metres hurdles (e.g. 400mh for 1184:FΓ©dΓ©ration franΓ§aise d'athlΓ©tisme 628:qualifying standards in athletics 69:and official acceptance in 1977, 19:The sports under the umbrella of 2023:IAAF Statistics Book Moscow 2013 1883:World Championships in Athletics 1771:European Athletics Championships 1322:Royal Dutch Athletics Federation 1130:Deutscher Leichtathletik-Verband 740:) – athlete passed their attempt 2094:Sports terms named after people 1861:Oceania Athletics Championships 1711: 1384:Polski ZwiΔ…zek Lekkiej Atletyki 1353:– USA Colleges and Universities 1261:International Olympic Committee 1063:– Central America and Caribbean 697: 259:performance-enhancing substance 2421:Sport of athletics terminology 2015: 1997: 1967: 1480:Publications and statisticians 1174:FederaciΓ³n Cubana de Atletismo 1012:All-Russia Athletic Federation 907: 564:– international team (used in 207:– area (or continental) record 1: 1960: 1740:Asian Athletics Championships 1332:Oceania Athletics Association 1144:European Athletic Association 963:Athletics Federation of India 2021:Butler, Mark et al. (2013). 1154:Egyptian Athletic Federation 473:Circumstances and conditions 7: 2243:North American horse racing 2043:GBR Athletics abbreviations 1816:European Team Championships 1541:Due to the large number of 1414:Turkish Athletic Federation 1111:Danish Athletics Federation 1042:Belarus Athletic Federation 983:Authorised Neutral Athletes 944:Asian Athletics Association 693:– race measurement in yards 10: 2444: 1901:World Indoor Championships 1374:Qatar Athletics Federation 115: 2390: 2127:Australian rules football 2102: 2089: 2048:Terms & Abbreviations 1536: 1004:– North and South America 305:– national junior record) 311: 226:(for a specific country) 2342:Skiing and snowboarding 2337:Skiing and snowboarding 1975:"FAT vs Handheld Times" 1464:World Masters Athletics 1164:Eesti KergejΓ΅ustikuliit 795:unsportsmanlike conduct 574:– irregular measurement 200:paralympic games record 2416:Lists of abbreviations 2312:Professional wrestling 1530:Track & Field News 1273:– Paralympic athletics 953:Amateur Athletic Union 437:– national youth best) 285:– world junior record) 38:Track & Field News 2009:Sports Stack Exchange 1955:Southeast Asian Games 1706:Cross country running 1563:Distance medley relay 1434:USA Track & Field 1404:USA Track & Field 992:Athletics New Zealand 875:– Outgoing runner in 821:– Running out of lane 295:– area junior record) 279:world under-20 record 244:diamond league record 126:USA Track & Field 71:fully automatic times 2426:Glossaries of sports 2117:Association football 2084:Glossaries of sports 1083:– Military athletics 1022:Athlete Refugee Team 612:steeplechase running 610:– no water jump (in 320:records such as the 185:US collegiate record 79:Track and Field News 67:1968 Summer Olympics 1649:Sprint medley relay 1216:– Student athletics 1146:/European Athletics 580:– mixed-gender race 453:world under-23 best 417:– world youth best) 411:world under-18 best 162:championship record 84:Human reaction time 1937:Pan American Games 1843:London Youth Games 1749:Commonwealth Games 1630:400 metres hurdles 1287:is sometimes used. 1230:is sometimes used. 586:– non-winning time 427:– area youth best) 98:Transponder timing 2403: 2402: 2164:Canadian football 2107:American football 2050:(World Athletics) 1946:South Asian Games 919:organizing bodies 913:Organising bodies 745:Disqualifications 687:– women-only race 620:– oversized track 2433: 2078: 2071: 2064: 2055: 2054: 2030: 2019: 2013: 2012: 2001: 1995: 1994: 1992: 1990: 1981:. Archived from 1971: 1543:athletics events 1521:– United Kingdom 1509:Athletics Weekly 1426:– United Kingdom 1313: 878: 534:– did not finish 522:– converted mark 236:(meeting record) 55:Associated Press 2443: 2442: 2436: 2435: 2434: 2432: 2431: 2430: 2406: 2405: 2404: 2399: 2386: 2191:Contract bridge 2098: 2085: 2082: 2039: 2034: 2033: 2020: 2016: 2003: 2002: 1998: 1988: 1986: 1985:on 1 April 2018 1973: 1972: 1968: 1963: 1714: 1554:Combined events 1539: 1482: 1444:World Athletics 1406:1979–1992 – USA 1343:– North America 1307: 1242:World Athletics 1093:– South America 973:Athletics Kenya 915: 910: 876: 747: 700: 671:wind assistance 540:– did not start 506:– also competed 498:World Athletics 475: 314: 224:national record 215:European record 122:World Athletics 118: 103:starting pistol 88:starting pistol 63: 61:Times and marks 43:World Athletics 25:track and field 23:, particularly 17: 12: 11: 5: 2441: 2440: 2429: 2428: 2423: 2418: 2401: 2400: 2398: 2397: 2391: 2388: 2387: 2385: 2384: 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1483: 1475: 1471: 1468: 1465: 1462:– since 2001 1461: 1458: 1455: 1451: 1448: 1445: 1441: 1438: 1435: 1431: 1428: 1425: 1421: 1418: 1415: 1411: 1408: 1405: 1401: 1398: 1395: 1391: 1388: 1385: 1381: 1378: 1375: 1371: 1368: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1355: 1352: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1338: 1335: 1333: 1329: 1326: 1324:– Netherlands 1323: 1319: 1316: 1314:β€” South Korea 1311: 1306: 1302: 1299: 1296: 1292: 1289: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1275: 1272: 1268: 1265: 1262: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1249: 1246: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1232: 1229: 1226:– Hong Kong. 1225: 1221: 1218: 1215: 1211: 1208: 1205: 1201: 1198: 1195: 1191: 1188: 1185: 1181: 1178: 1175: 1171: 1168: 1165: 1161: 1158: 1155: 1151: 1148: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1134: 1131: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1118: 1115: 1112: 1108: 1105: 1102: 1098: 1095: 1092: 1088: 1085: 1082: 1078: 1075: 1072: 1068: 1065: 1062: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1039: 1036: 1033: 1029: 1026: 1023: 1019: 1016: 1013: 1009: 1006: 1003: 999: 996: 994:– New Zealand 993: 989: 986: 984: 980: 977: 974: 970: 967: 964: 960: 957: 954: 950: 947: 945: 941: 938: 935: 931: 928: 927: 926: 924: 923:alphabet soup 920: 902: 899: 896: 893: 890: 887: 884: 881: 874: 871: 868: 865: 862: 859: 856: 853: 850: 847: 844: 841: 838: 835: 832: 829: 826: 823: 820: 817: 814: 811: 809:– False start 808: 805: 802: 799: 796: 792: 789: 786: 783: 780: 777: 774: 771: 768: 765: 762: 759: 758: 757: 755: 750: 739: 735: 732: 729: 726: 723: 720: 717: 714: 711: 708: 705: 702: 701: 692: 689: 686: 683: 680: 676: 672: 668: 665: 662: 659: 657: 653: 650: 647: 644: 641: 638: 635: 632: 629: 625: 622: 619: 616: 613: 609: 606: 603: 600: 597: 594: 592:– no distance 591: 588: 585: 582: 579: 576: 573: 570: 567: 563: 560: 557: 554: 551: 548: 545: 542: 539: 536: 533: 530: 527: 524: 521: 518: 515: 511: 508: 505: 502: 499: 495: 492: 490: 486: 483: 480: 477: 476: 465: 462: 459: 456: 454: 450: 447: 446: 444: 441: 436: 432: 429: 426: 422: 419: 416: 412: 408: 405: 404: 402: 398: 395: 392: 389: 386: 383: 380: 377: 374: 371: 368: 367:personal best 364: 361: 358: 355: 352: 349: 346: 343: 340: 337: 334: 330: 327: 326: 325: 323: 319: 304: 300: 297: 294: 290: 287: 284: 280: 276: 273: 272: 270: 266: 263: 260: 256: 253: 250: 247: 245: 241: 238: 235: 231: 228: 225: 221: 218: 216: 212: 209: 206: 203: 201: 197: 194: 191: 188: 186: 182: 179: 176: 172: 171:course record 168: 165: 163: 159: 156: 154: 150: 147: 145: 141: 138: 137: 136: 134: 129: 127: 123: 113: 111: 106: 104: 99: 95: 91: 89: 85: 80: 75: 72: 68: 58: 56: 52: 48: 44: 40: 39: 34: 30: 26: 22: 2367:Trampolining 2357:Table tennis 2322:Rugby league 2267:Gaelic games 2121: 2017: 2008: 1999: 1987:. Retrieved 1983:the original 1978: 1969: 1950: 1941: 1932: 1923: 1914: 1905: 1896: 1887: 1878: 1874: 1865: 1856: 1847: 1838: 1829: 1820: 1811: 1802: 1793: 1784: 1775: 1766: 1762: 1753: 1744: 1735: 1726: 1717: 1712:Competitions 1701: 1697: 1693:Weight throw 1688: 1679: 1675:Steeplechase 1670: 1666: 1662: 1653: 1644: 1635: 1625: 1621: 1612: 1603: 1599:Hammer throw 1594: 1585: 1576: 1572:Discus throw 1567: 1558: 1549: 1540: 1528: 1524: 1514: 1507: 1503: 1494: 1485: 1469: 1459: 1452:– 1977–2001 1449: 1439: 1429: 1424:UK Athletics 1419: 1409: 1399: 1389: 1379: 1369: 1365:High Schools 1356: 1346: 1336: 1327: 1317: 1300: 1290: 1284: 1276: 1266: 1256: 1247: 1233: 1227: 1219: 1209: 1199: 1189: 1179: 1169: 1159: 1149: 1139: 1135: 1125: 1121:East Germany 1116: 1106: 1096: 1086: 1076: 1066: 1056: 1047: 1037: 1027: 1017: 1007: 997: 987: 978: 968: 958: 948: 939: 929: 917:The various 916: 900: 894: 888: 882: 872: 866: 860: 854: 848: 842: 836: 830: 824: 818: 812: 806: 800: 790: 784: 778: 772: 766: 760: 753: 751: 748: 737: 733: 727: 721: 715: 709: 703: 698:Field events 690: 684: 666: 660: 651: 645: 639: 633: 623: 617: 607: 601: 595: 589: 583: 577: 571: 561: 555: 552:– hand timed 549: 543: 537: 531: 525: 519: 509: 503: 493: 484: 478: 463: 457: 448: 442: 434: 430: 424: 420: 414: 406: 400: 396: 390: 384: 378: 372: 362: 356: 350: 344: 338: 328: 315: 302: 298: 292: 288: 282: 274: 268: 264: 254: 248: 239: 229: 219: 210: 204: 195: 189: 180: 166: 157: 148: 144:world record 139: 132: 130: 119: 110:photo finish 107: 96: 92: 78: 76: 64: 36: 18: 2327:Rugby union 2149:Board games 1684:Triple jump 1308: [ 1283:– Jamaica. 908:Initialisms 724:– no height 679:triple jump 500:rule 260.28 318:road-racing 234:meet record 29:Bert Nelson 2410:Categories 2377:Water polo 2372:Volleyball 2302:Pickleball 2297:Motorsport 2282:Ice hockey 2277:Gymnastics 2233:Equestrian 2201:Cue sports 2144:Basketball 1961:References 1640:Pole vault 1263:– Olympics 1087:CONSUDATLE 1024:β€” Refugees 736:(formerly 669:– mark of 528:– downhill 413:(formerly 399:(formerly 333:world best 281:(formerly 267:(formerly 2382:Wing Chun 2228:Disc golf 2122:Athletics 1617:Long jump 1581:High jump 1196:– Morocco 1166:– Estonia 1132:– Germany 1113:– Denmark 1044:– Belarus 1034:– Bahamas 936:– England 877:4 Γ— 400 m 754:DQ R162.7 730:– no mark 675:long jump 656:repechage 598:– no time 558:– indoors 21:athletics 2395:Category 2186:Climbing 2132:Baseball 2027:archived 1658:Shot put 1525:T&FN 1416:– Turkey 1386:- Poland 1186:– France 1103:– Taiwan 1073:– Brasil 1014:– Russia 489:altitude 322:marathon 175:marathon 2352:Surfing 2292:Kho kho 2287:Kabaddi 2250:Fencing 2211:Cycling 2206:Curling 2196:Cricket 2154:Bowling 2112:Archery 1989:1 April 1671:s'chase 1446:– World 1396:– Spain 1376:– Qatar 1297:– Japan 1244:– World 1206:– Italy 1156:– Egypt 975:– Kenya 965:- India 614:events) 116:Records 2362:Tennis 2317:Rowing 1537:Events 1363:– USA 1176:– Cuba 901:240.8f 895:240.8e 889:230.6a 873:170.17 867:170.11 849:170.6c 514:banked 53:; the 49:; the 2307:Poker 2223:Darts 2216:parts 2169:Chess 2159:Bowls 1830:ISTAF 1436:– USA 1430:USATF 1337:NACAC 1312:] 1220:HKAAA 1200:FIDAL 1057:CACAC 883:218.4 861:170.8 855:170.7 843:170.6 837:168.7 831:168.6 825:163.5 819:163.3 813:163.2 807:162.7 791:145.2 785:144.2 779:142.4 566:relay 516:track 464:NU23B 458:AU23B 449:WU23B 431:NU18B 421:AU18B 407:WU18B 312:Bests 299:NU20R 289:AU20R 275:WU20R 2347:Sumo 2272:Golf 1991:2018 1951:SEAG 1821:ESAA 1776:ECCC 1515:NUTS 1495:ATFS 1486:ARRS 1470:WMRA 1450:WAVA 1390:RFEA 1380:PZLA 1357:NFHS 1347:NCAA 1318:KNAU 1301:KAAF 1291:JAAF 1277:JAAA 1234:IAAF 1210:FISU 1190:FRMA 1160:EKJL 1117:DLFV 1097:CTAA 1077:CISM 1067:CBAt 1038:BFLA 1028:BAAA 1008:ARAF 773:41.1 767:40.8 761:40.1 677:and 31:and 1942:SAG 1933:PAG 1924:WYC 1915:WXC 1906:WJC 1897:WIC 1888:WHM 1879:WCh 1877:or 1857:OAC 1839:LYG 1812:ETC 1794:EJC 1785:EIC 1767:ECh 1765:or 1745:CWG 1736:AsC 1727:AfC 1718:AAG 1700:or 1669:or 1667:st. 1645:SMR 1624:or 1559:DMR 1460:WMA 1420:UKA 1410:TAF 1400:TAC 1370:QAF 1328:OAA 1267:IPC 1257:IOC 1248:IAU 1180:FFA 1170:FCA 1150:EAF 1138:or 1136:EAA 1126:DLV 1107:DAF 1048:CAA 1018:ART 998:APA 988:ANZ 979:ANA 959:AFI 949:AAU 940:AAA 930:AAA 801:149 608:NWJ 602:NWI 572:IRM 562:INT 538:DNS 532:DNF 443:U23 435:NYB 425:AYB 415:WYB 397:U18 357:NBP 339:WBP 303:NJR 293:AJR 283:WJR 265:U20 240:DLR 2412:: 2007:. 1977:. 1953:– 1944:– 1935:– 1926:– 1917:– 1908:– 1899:– 1890:– 1881:– 1875:WC 1868:– 1866:PG 1859:– 1850:– 1848:OG 1841:– 1832:– 1823:– 1814:– 1805:– 1803:EG 1796:– 1787:– 1778:– 1769:– 1763:EC 1756:– 1754:DL 1747:– 1738:– 1729:– 1720:– 1704:– 1702:CC 1698:XC 1691:– 1689:WT 1682:– 1680:TJ 1673:– 1665:, 1663:SC 1656:– 1654:SP 1647:– 1638:– 1636:PV 1626:mH 1622:mh 1615:– 1613:LJ 1606:– 1604:JT 1597:– 1595:HT 1588:– 1586:HM 1579:– 1577:HJ 1570:– 1568:DT 1561:– 1552:– 1550:CE 1527:– 1517:– 1506:– 1504:AW 1497:– 1488:– 1472:– 1442:– 1440:WA 1432:– 1422:– 1412:– 1392:– 1382:- 1372:– 1359:– 1349:– 1339:– 1330:– 1320:– 1310:it 1303:– 1293:– 1279:– 1269:– 1259:– 1250:– 1236:– 1222:– 1212:– 1202:– 1192:– 1182:– 1172:– 1162:– 1152:– 1142:– 1140:EA 1128:– 1109:– 1099:– 1089:– 1079:– 1069:– 1059:– 1050:– 1040:– 1030:– 1020:– 1010:– 1000:– 990:– 981:– 971:– 969:AK 961:– 951:– 942:– 932:– 925:. 756:. 728:NM 722:NH 685:Wo 661:sh 654:– 652:Re 646:qR 640:qJ 618:OT 596:NT 590:ND 578:Mx 544:DQ 526:dh 512:– 504:AC 451:– 409:– 391:CL 385:EL 379:WL 373:SB 365:– 363:PB 351:NB 345:AB 331:– 329:WB 277:– 242:– 232:– 230:MR 222:– 220:NR 213:– 211:ER 205:AR 198:– 196:PR 190:GR 183:– 181:CR 169:– 167:CR 160:– 158:CR 151:– 149:OR 142:– 140:WR 135:. 35:, 2077:e 2070:t 2063:v 2025:( 2011:. 1993:. 1632:) 797:) 738:P 734:- 716:r 710:x 704:o 691:y 667:w 634:q 630:) 624:Q 584:n 556:i 550:h 520:c 510:b 494:a 485:A 479:+ 401:Y 269:J 261:) 255:X 249:# 177:) 173:( 133:P

Index

athletics
track and field
Bert Nelson
Cordner Nelson
Track & Field News
World Athletics
Association of Track and Field Statisticians
Association of Road Racing Statisticians
Associated Press
1968 Summer Olympics
fully automatic times
Human reaction time
starting pistol
Transponder timing
starting pistol
photo finish
World Athletics
USA Track & Field
world record
olympic record
championship record
course record
marathon
US collegiate record
paralympic games record
European record
national record
meet record
diamond league record
performance-enhancing substance

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