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104:(673–686) to have a conscripted national army, but this did not come about, and by the 10th century Japan instead relied on individual landowners to provide men for conflicts and wars. These horse-owning landowners were the beginnings of the samurai class and the men who worked the land for the landowners became the common foot soldiers during times of war. These foot soldiers could have long ties and loyalty to the landowners which went back many generations.
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started to equip their ashigaru with the new weapon, which required little training to use proficiently, as compared with the longbow, which took many years to learn. As battles became more complex and forces larger, ashigaru were rigorously trained so that they would hold their ranks in the face of
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Land-owning samurai, together with farmer foot soldiers, fought in many wars and conflicts including the Mongol invasions of Japan in 1274 and 1281. Constant warfare between the 14th and 16th centuries made the hiring of foot soldiers with no particular loyalty necessary at times. Paid only in loot,
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Ashigaru formed the backbone of samurai armies in the later periods. The real change for the ashigaru began in 1543 with the introduction of matchlock firearms by the
Portuguese. Almost immediately local
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the aspect of the battle changed from single combat to massed formations. Therefore, ashigaru became the backbone of many feudal armies and some of them rose to greater prominence.
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After the battle, the ashigaru's role in the armies was cemented as a very powerful complement to the samurai. The advantage was used in the two invasions of
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armor was made from small rectangular or hexagonal iron plates that were usually connected to each other by mail and sewn to a cloth backing.
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confiscated weapons through a nation-wide "sword-hunt" in 1588. Every ashigaru had his first lessons on the mentality of war from the
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were not well-trained and thus could not always be depended upon in battle. These wandering foot soldiers eventually became the
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774:"Notes on the Gunki or Military Tales: Contributions to the Study of the Impact of War on Folk Literature in Premodern Japan"
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254:(15th and 16th centuries) required large quantities of armor to be produced for the ever-growing armies of ashigaru. Simple
181:. Ashigaru armour varied depending on the period, from no armor to heavily armored and could consist of conical hats called
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recitations also propagated civic virtues: loyalty, steadfastness in adversity, and pride of family honor.
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The advantage of the matchlock guns proved decisive to samurai warfare. This was demonstrated at the
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in 1575, where carefully positioned ashigaru gunners of the Oda and
Tokugawa clans thwarted the
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The
Watanabe Art Museum Samurai Armour CollectionVolume I ~ Kabuto & Mengu
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2007:
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448: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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dressed as ashigaru for a parade, as part of the re-enactment of the
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Secrets of the
Samurai; A Survey of the Martial Arts of Feudal Japan
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521:'s defensive lines and broke the back of the Takeda war machine.
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could be worn on their backs during battle for identification.
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Samurai: The
Weapons and Spirit of the Japanese Warrior
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In the 16th century the ashigaru were also armed with
16:
Infantry employed by the samurai class of feudal Japan
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Those who were given control of ashigaru were called
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528:in 1592 and 1597 against the Koreans and later the
258:cuirasses and helmets were mass-produced including
815:Samurai Fighting Arts: The Spirit and the Practice
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960:The Samurai: Warriors of Medieval Japan, 940-1600
264:armor which could be folded or were collapsible.
2259:Military units and formations of the Middle Ages
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731:, Stephen Turnbull, Osprey Publishing, 2007 p.99
108:Every farmer was basically also a warrior until
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80:was in the 14th century, but it was during the
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578:. Lacquered iron plates with cloth back strap.
517:'s repeated heavy cavalry charges against the
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92:became prevalent by various warring factions.
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1059:, Stephen Turnbull, Osprey Publishing, 2008,
490:(straw raincoats) in the rain while firing
329:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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883:, Clive Sinclaire, Globe Pequot, 2004 P.29
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464:Learn how and when to remove this message
349:Learn how and when to remove this message
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414:Introduction to firearms and new tactics
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839:Ratti, Oscar; Westbrook, Adele (1991).
619:style, plain with no front crest holder
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1108:Japanese weapons, armour and equipment
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818:. Kodansha International. p. 46.
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159:; this type was used by the ashigaru.
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697:, eight iron plates riveted together
572:Edo-period single-piece breastplate
446:adding citations to reliable sources
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327:adding citations to reliable sources
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1028:"War history of Japan: Chousen-eki
933:. Bloomsbury USA. pp. 17–18.
778:Comparative Civilizations Review 4
163:Ashigaru were commonly armed with
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2254:Military history of feudal Japan
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100:Attempts were made in Japan by
76:. The first known reference to
903:. Bloomsbury USA. p. 31.
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845:. C. E. Tuttle. p. 219.
745:War in the early modern world
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1986:Improvised and other weapons
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116:. On the other hand, the
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281:. Small banners called
1741:Chain and rope weapons
869:, Trevor Absolon P.130
780:: 1–28. Archived from
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963:. Osprey. p. 63.
494:(Japanese matchlocks)
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275:of the type known as
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40:(Japanese matchlocks)
24:
1794:Clubs and truncheons
784:on November 9, 2019.
530:Ming-dynasty Chinese
480:Edo period print of
442:improve this article
384:). In the following
371:Battle of Sekigahara
323:improve this section
153:A plain undecorated
1310:Polearms and spears
511:Battle of Nagashino
250:The warfare of the
235:(armored sleeves),
1271:Knives and daggers
1004:Cartwright, Mark.
980:Ashigaru 1467-1649
955:Bryant, Anthony J.
930:Ashigaru 1467-1649
895:Bryant, Anthony J.
796:Ashigaru 1467–1649
759:Ashigaru 1467–1649
551:When entering the
542:Tokugawa shogunate
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408:Toyotomi Hideyoshi
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88:) that the use of
82:Ashikaga shogunate
62:, "light of foot")
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990:978-1-84176-149-7
975:Turnbull, Stephen
940:978-1-84176-149-7
925:Turnbull, Stephen
910:978-1-85532-345-2
900:Samurai 1550-1600
852:978-0-8048-1684-7
825:978-4-7700-2898-3
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1251:Swordsmithing
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454:February 2011
447:
443:
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431:This section
429:
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339:February 2011
332:
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308:This section
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217:(cuirasses),
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102:Emperor Tenmu
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2073:
2066:
2061:Hata-jirushi
2059:
2052:
2034:
2027:
2020:
2013:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1974:
1967:
1960:
1953:
1932:
1925:
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1911:
1904:
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1770:Kusari-fundo
1768:
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1222:Construction
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1013:. Retrieved
1009:
999:
979:
969:
959:
949:
929:
919:
899:
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861:
841:
834:
814:
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795:
790:
782:the original
777:
767:
758:
753:
744:
727:
722:
692:
675:
657:
651:
634:karuta zukin
633:
615:
608:
591:
574:
550:
546:Oda Nobunaga
539:
523:
508:
506:enemy fire.
500:
497:
486:
481:
460:
451:
440:Please help
435:verification
432:
390:
375:
345:
336:
321:Please help
309:
282:
277:
270:
265:
260:
249:
242:
236:
230:
226:tatami zukin
224:
218:
212:
182:
176:
170:
164:
162:
155:
138:
131:
107:
99:
89:
77:
74:feudal Japan
47:
46:
43:
35:
29:
25:
18:
2168:Shinsengumi
2103:Uma-jirushi
1976:Tanegashima
1724:Uchi-bukuro
1710:Kubi bukuro
1703:Kate-bukuro
1300:Yoroi-dōshi
1257:Tameshigiri
673:Edo-period
649:Edo-period
631:Edo-period
607:Edo-period
590:Edo-period
575:hara-ate dō
515:Takeda clan
492:tanegashima
367:re-enactors
365:A group of
278:tanegashima
247:(cuisses).
223:(helmets),
156:tanegashima
135:mercenaries
37:tanegashima
2238:Categories
2147:Onna-musha
2008:Metsubushi
1955:Bajō-zutsu
1763:Kusarigama
1550:Brigandine
1353:Sodegarami
1279:Kabutowari
1184:Shikomizue
1015:2023-08-30
715:References
553:Edo period
273:matchlocks
187:made from
114:biwa hōshi
2189:Yamabushi
2096:Sashimono
2075:Kabura-ya
1906:Makibishi
1893:Artillery
1802:Hachiwari
1749:Chigiriki
1615:Hachimaki
1512:Men-yoroi
1427:Tanren bō
1332:Kama-yari
1325:Hoko yari
1212:Wakizashi
310:does not
284:sashimono
110:Hideyoshi
72:class of
2264:Infantry
2182:Yabusame
2133:Kunoichi
2121:Ashigaru
2036:Suntetsu
1947:and guns
1945:Firearms
1920:Shuriken
1696:Kaginawa
1608:Fundoshi
1599:Clothing
1560:Lamellar
1477:Haramaki
1420:Suburitō
1346:Sasumata
1339:Naginata
1235:Horimono
1229:Glossary
1163:Nagamaki
1135:Dōtanuki
1067:. p. 88.
1033:日本戦史 朝鮮役
977:(2001).
957:(2010).
927:(2001).
897:(1994).
812:(2003).
709:Infantry
703:See also
658:hara-ate
519:Oda clan
484:wearing
482:ashigaru
378:Ōnin War
139:ashigaru
123:—
90:ashigaru
78:ashigaru
66:infantry
48:Ashigaru
26:Ashigaru
2161:Samurai
2068:Horagai
2022:Ōtsuchi
1969:Ōdzutsu
1962:Bo-hiya
1876:Yubi-bo
1756:Kubotan
1650:Uwa-obi
1636:Shitagi
1565:Laminar
1519:Ō-yoroi
1470:Dō-maru
1413:Shinken
1367:Tsukubō
1318:Bisento
1205:Tsurugi
1170:Ninjatō
1156:Kodachi
1128:Chokutō
694:jingasa
655:in the
593:jingasa
559:Gallery
502:daimyōs
376:In the
331:removed
316:sources
244:haidate
238:suneate
209:leather
184:jingasa
96:Origins
70:samurai
34:firing
31:jingasa
2089:Saihai
2082:Nobori
2054:Gunbai
2001:Kiseru
1899:Fukiya
1830:Tessen
1823:Tekkan
1816:Kanabō
1731:Yebira
1682:Daishō
1657:Waraji
1629:Kyahan
1622:Hakama
1533:Tatami
1505:Kusari
1491:Karuta
1484:Kabuto
1438:Armour
1406:Shinai
1392:Bokken
1286:Kaiken
1177:Ōdachi
1149:Katana
1115:Swords
1063:
1042:
987:
937:
907:
849:
822:
616:zunari
610:Kabuto
266:Tatami
261:tatami
220:kabuto
205:bamboo
193:copper
175:, and
166:katana
133:these
2175:Sōhei
2154:Rōnin
2140:Ninja
2113:Users
2029:Shobo
1913:Oyumi
1869:Tanbō
1855:Hanbō
1809:Jitte
1784:Jōhyō
1675:Abumi
1585:Scale
1575:Plate
1543:Types
1526:Sangu
1498:Kikko
1399:Iaitō
1293:Kunai
1198:Tantō
1191:Tachi
1142:Guntō
661:style
526:Korea
382:Kyoto
207:, or
201:paper
118:Heike
64:were
1994:Kama
1934:Yumi
1717:Kura
1689:Horo
1643:Tabi
1570:Mail
1555:Lame
1456:Bōgu
1374:Yari
1061:ISBN
1040:ISBN
985:ISBN
935:ISBN
905:ISBN
847:ISBN
820:ISBN
487:mino
314:any
312:cite
232:kote
197:wood
189:iron
178:yumi
172:yari
2015:Ono
444:by
401:足軽頭
325:by
211:,
2240::
1927:Ya
1862:Jō
1848:Bō
1463:Dō
1008:.
776:.
736:^
214:dō
203:,
199:,
195:,
191:,
169:,
141:.
58:足軽
1101:e
1094:t
1087:v
1036:)
1030:(
1018:.
993:.
943:.
913:.
855:.
828:.
467:)
461:(
456:)
452:(
438:.
404:)
398:(
352:)
346:(
341:)
337:(
333:.
319:.
84:(
54:(
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