44:
1078:
1349:
68:
1422:
1208:
1064:
1052:
1192:
299:
291:
411:, having male and female flowers on separate plants but sex in ash is expressed as a continuum between male and female individuals, dominated by unisexual trees. With age, ash may change their sexual function from predominantly male and hermaphrodite towards femaleness ; if grown as an ornamental and both sexes are present, ashes can cause a considerable litter problem with their seeds.
1093:
North
American native ash tree species are a critical food source for North American frogs, as their fallen leaves are particularly suitable for tadpoles to feed upon in ponds (both temporary and permanent), large puddles, and other water bodies. Lack of tannins in the American ash makes their leaves
1253:
infestation include seeing bark peeling off, vertical cracks in the bark, seeing galleries within the tree that contain powdery substance, and D-shaped exit holes on the branches or trunk. Not all of these may be present, but any of these warning signs could be an indication of possible infestation.
1444:
Its robust structure, good looks, and flexibility combine to make ash ideal for staircases. Ash stairs are extremely hard-wearing, which is particularly important for treads. Due to its elasticity, ash can also be steamed and bent to produce curved stair parts such as volutes (curled sections of
1102:
levels (including maples and non-native ash species) are taking the place of native ash, thanks to their greater resistance to the ash borer. They produce much less suitable food for the tadpoles, resulting in poor survival rates and small frog sizes.
1376:
very well and is inexpensive. All this has made it a favourite of large factories mass-producing instruments. The Fender musical instrument company has been continuously and uninterruptedly using Ash to make electric guitars since 1956.
1464:, and is usable for maintaining a fire, though it produces only a moderate heat. The two most economically important species for wood production are white ash, in eastern North America, and European ash in Europe. The green ash (
1487:, extracted by making small cuts in the bark.The manna ash, native to southern Europe and southwest Asia, produces a blue-green sap, which has medicinal value as a mild laxative, demulcent, and weak expectorant.
1448:
Ash was commonly used for the structural members of the bodies of cars made by carriage builders. Early cars had frames which were intended to flex as part of the suspension system to simplify construction. The
1229:
accidentally introduced to North
America from eastern Asia via solid wood packing material in the late 1980s to early 1990s. It has killed tens of millions of trees in 22 states in the United States and adjacent
1249:, inside branches and tree trunks. Feeding on the phloem prevents nutrients and water transportation. If the ash is attacked, the branches can die and eventually the whole tree can as well. Ways to detect
1238:
in Canada. It threatens some seven billion ash trees in North
America. Research is being conducted to determine whether three native Asian wasps that are natural predators of EAB could be used as a
1242:
for the management of EAB populations in the United States. The public is being cautioned to avoid transporting unfinished wood products, such as firewood, to slow the spread of this insect pest.
1281:
in a large number of trees since the mid-1990s, particularly in eastern and northern Europe. The disease has infected about 90% of
Denmark's ash trees. At the end of October 2012 in the UK, the
1077:
811:
1445:
handrail) and intricately shaped balusters. However, a reduction in the supply of healthy trees, especially in Europe, is making ash an increasingly expensive option.
1106:
Ash species native to North
America also provide important habitat and food for various other creatures native to North America. This includes the larvae of multiple
1490:
The young seedpods of Ash trees, also known as "keys", are edible for human consumption. In
Britain, they are traditionally pickled with vinegar, sugar and spices.
1871:"The Phylogeny and Biogeographic History of Ashes ( Fraxinus, Oleaceae) Highlight the Roles of Migration and Vicariance in the Diversification of Temperate Trees"
515:
1869:
Hinsinger, Damien Daniel; Basak, Jolly; Gaudeul, Myriam; Cruaud, Corinne; Bertolino, Paola; Frascaria-Lacoste, Nathalie; Bousquet, Jean (21 November 2013).
999:
912:
2236:
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1453:
of Great
Britain still manufactures sports cars with frames made from ash. It was also widely used by early aviation pioneers for aircraft construction.
992:
2271:
1282:
1990:
Stephens, Jeffrey; Bervan, Keith; Tiegs, Scott (3 May 2013). "Anthropogenic changes to leaf litter input affect the fitness of a larval amphibian".
2847:
2191:
1429:
Woodworkers generally consider ash a "poor cousin" to the other major open pore wood, oak, but it is useful in any furniture application. Ash
1289:; previous occurrences had been on young trees imported from Europe. In 2016, the ash tree was reported as in danger of extinction in Europe.
2886:
2935:
2795:
2722:
2860:
2808:
2519:
1829:
399:, though simple in a few species. The seeds, popularly known as "keys" or "helicopter seeds", are a type of fruit known as a
2865:
2544:
1958:
2441:
1368:. It exhibits a pronounced bright tone with a scooped midrange. It is lightweight, easy to work and sand, accepts glue,
2717:
2427:
1685:
1152:, with habitat and food (such as the sap being of interest to the sapsucker) among others. Many mammalian species from
415:
or mountain ashes have leaves and buds superficially similar to those of true ashes, but belong to the unrelated genus
1762:
2989:
2891:
2834:
1128:, and caterpillars. Birds are also interested in black, green, and white ash trees. The black ash alone supports
43:
2984:
2248:
1342:
2953:
2563:
2208:
Kowalski T (2006). "Chalara fraxinea sp. nov. associated with dieback of ash (Fraxinus excelsior) in Poland".
2873:
2283:
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1701:
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2787:
2774:
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67:
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species is favored as a material for making baseball bats by
Japanese sporting-goods manufacturers.
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having a low durability to ground contact, meaning it will typically perish within five years. The
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17:
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504:
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440:, which relates to the Proto-Indo-European for the tree, while the generic name originated in
2922:
2366:
1318:
905:
637:
557:
543:
532:
2914:
2237:"First report of the ash dieback pathogen Chalara fraxinea on Fraxinus excelsior in Austria"
2730:
2454:
1999:
1928:
1882:
1470:) is widely planted as a street tree in the United States. The inner bark of the blue ash (
1450:
1322:
943:
898:
724:
583:
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8:
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2179:(Report). Extension Bulletin E-2943. Michigan State University Extension. September 2007.
1532:
which states that they were born when drops of
Ouranos's blood fell on the earth (Gaia).
1394:
1023:
971:
890:
858:
847:
670:
2761:
2564:
Cofrin Center for
Biodiversity Herbarium, University of Wisconsin, Trees of Wisconsin,
2348:
2003:
1886:
1808:
Gender variation in ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) Pierre Binggeli & James Power (1991)
1647:
1063:
2997:
2662:
2173:
1905:
1870:
1754:
Trees of North America and Europe: A Guide to Field Identification, Revised and Updated
1309:
1303:
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869:
836:
818:
746:
735:
702:
659:
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196:
62:
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1083:
Unusual "treelets" growing from a fallen ash tree in Lawthorn Wood, Ayrshire, Scotland
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2007:
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are extensively used in office furniture. Ash is not used much outdoors due to the
1107:
981:
933:
469:
384:
trees. The genus is widespread throughout much of Europe, Asia, and North America.
318:
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1895:
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from a Proto-Indo-European word for birch. Both words are also used to mean "
188:
2966:
2503:
2428:"Best wood for electric guitars | Full guide matching wood & tone"
1914:
1677:
1421:
1334:
1326:
1381:
is used a lot in guitar building because of its figure. It is a choice of
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2821:
2696:
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1407:
1353:
1278:
1172:
1168:
1153:
1133:
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a good food source for the frogs, but also reduces its resistance to the
434:
2272:"Chalara fraxinea causing common ash dieback newly reported in Slovenia"
1770:
1393:
bodies, known for its bright, cutting edge and sustaining quality. Some
2800:
1552:
1415:
1369:
456:
Species are arranged into sections supported by phylogenetic analysis:
377:
2011:
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2756:
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1484:
1483:
In Sicily, Italy, sugars are obtained by evaporating the sap of the
1378:
1314:
1176:
1129:
381:
373:
2618:
1285:
reported that ash dieback had been discovered in mature woodland in
1245:
Damage occurs when emerald ash borer larvae feed on the inner bark,
2961:
2641:
2590:) of east-central North America: Taxonomic concepts and polyploidy"
1461:
1457:
1382:
1361:
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422:
365:
151:
141:
131:
118:
2839:
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1573:
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1286:
1231:
448:" in their respective languages, as the wood is good for shafts.
396:
1510:
associated with the ash, perhaps specifically of the manna ash (
1191:
298:
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1503:
1269:
1246:
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1226:
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417:
408:
161:
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1517:
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445:
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361:
290:
79:
1846:"Systematics of Fraxinus (Oleaceae) and evolution of dioecy"
1868:
1548:
1330:
1180:
369:
345:
1585:
1283:
Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra)
433:
The tree's common English name, "ash", traces back to the
2306:"'Ash dieback' fungus Chalara fraxinea in UK countryside"
2192:
How to Identify an Ash Tree Infested by Emerald Ash Borer
1521:
1477:
368:, and comprises 45–65 species of usually medium-to-large
339:
330:
2455:
SWAMP ASH Lumber Guide: 8/4 Lightweight Guitar Wood 2020
1110:, as well as other insects including those in the genus
1616:. United States Department of Agriculture. 3 April 2006
1565:, the first man in Norse myth, literally means 'ash'.
348:
342:
336:
333:
324:
2381:
2234:
327:
1989:
321:
2442:"Ash Wood | Its Advantages and Disadvantages"
2335:found in UK countryside. Retrieved 25 October 2012
2359:
2269:
3017:
1818:Mallory, J. P.; Adams, Douglas Q., eds. (1997).
1551:"), watered by three magical springs, serves as
2474:[Mitsuwa Tiger / Baseball Hall / Bat].
1634:Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen
1301:and is dense (within 20% of 670 kg/m for
2408:
2406:
1341:, and other uses demanding high strength and
2298:
1817:
2537:Perpetuum Mobile: Il Segreto per non Morire
1921:
2403:
1652:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
1460:easily, so is used for starting fires and
1411:album cover), as an alternative to alder.
1198:on an ash tree in North Ayrshire, Scotland
42:
1968:. Integrated Taxonomic Information System
1939:. United States Department of Agriculture
1904:
1894:
1493:
1164:nesting will also make use of ash trees.
364:of plants in the olive and lilac family,
2579:
2346:
2207:
1985:
1983:
1642:
1640:
1420:
1347:
1206:
1190:
297:
289:
2534:
2414:"Ash vs. Alder: What's the Difference?"
2349:"Ash tree set for extinction in Europe"
1937:Germplasm Resources Information Network
1614:Germplasm Resources Information Network
1572:, an ash stake could be used to kill a
14:
3018:
2623:
2622:
2502:
2135:Emerald Ash Borer Information Network
1980:
1821:Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture
1741:. p. 273 – via 衿属 qin shu.
1637:
1476:) has been used as a source for blue
1225:), also called EAB, is a wood-boring
2990:d20b4ac7-de42-4fb1-bfdb-f686c5f9a5c7
2902:4a706b7a-4569-4f5b-94c1-02cd9a378b7f
2270:Ogris N, Hauptman T, Jurc D (2009).
2189:
1951:
1824:. Taylor & Francis. p. 32.
1555:, sustaining the nine worlds of the
1364:commonly used in the manufacture of
2235:Halmschlager E, Kirisits T (2008).
2174:Emerald Ash Borer and Your Woodland
1599:
1167:Ash is used as a food plant by the
451:
24:
2347:Marshall, Claire (23 March 2016).
1307:, and higher at 710 kg/m for
25:
3052:
2557:
487:– California ash or two-petal ash
2954:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:328119-2
2508:Dictionary of Northern Mythology
2459:www.commercialforestproducts.com
2222:10.1111/j.1439-0329.2006.00453.x
1735:Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1057. 1753"
1520:were nymphs associated with the
1202:
1076:
1062:
1050:
317:
66:
2580:Campbell, Julian J. N. (2017).
2528:
2496:
2482:
2464:
2448:
2434:
2420:
2340:
2331:BBC News 'Ash dieback' fungus,
2324:
2263:
2228:
2201:
2183:
2166:
2141:
2128:
2122:
2096:
2070:
2044:
2018:
1862:
1838:
1811:
1389:bodies and, less commonly, for
1802:
1790:. US Department of Agriculture
1776:
1745:
1723:
1694:
1666:
1628:
1325:, extensively used for making
13:
1:
2510:. Translated by Angela Hall.
1654:. Kew Royal Botanical Gardens
1592:
1539:, a vast, evergreen ash tree
1057:Closeup of European ash seeds
2582:"Green/red and white ashes (
2461:, accessed 27 September 2020
1896:10.1371/journal.pone.0080431
1414:Ash is also used for making
929:– manna ash or flowering ash
786:– Shamel ash or Tropical ash
428:
7:
1579:
1559:in its roots and branches.
1268:, has been affected by the
1098:. Species with higher leaf
843:– Chinese ash or Korean ash
797:– velvet ash or Arizona ash
709:– white ash or American ash
10:
3057:
1757:. New York: Random House.
1401:are made of ash, (such as
1186:
1088:
2631:
2472:"美津和タイガー/野球博物館/バットのできるまで"
2197:(Report). SDSU Extension.
2190:Ball, John (April 2018).
2131:"About Emerald Ash Borer"
1710:Altervista Flora Italiana
1680:. 1995. pp. 606–07.
1352:5/16" thick flame figure
1257:
1150:yellow-bellied sapsuckers
1028:Ch'u & Shang & Su
812:Fraxinus apertisquamifera
202:
195:
63:Scientific classification
61:
50:
41:
34:
1356:ash guitar top, unmilled
950:– Japanese flowering ash
2573:17 October 2014 at the
2539:. Xlibris Corporation.
1751:Philips, Roger (1979).
1292:
1274:Hymenoscyphus fraxineus
1038:Fraxinus xanthoxyloides
876:– Chinese flowering ash
714:Fraxinus berlandieriana
684:Melioides sensu stricto
2535:Del Lao, Nero (2013).
1494:Mythology and folklore
1426:
1357:
1214:
1199:
1160:eating the foliage to
758:Fraxinus pennsylvanica
505:Fraxinus quadrangulata
395:of three), and mostly
307:
295:
294:European ash in flower
2923:Paleobiology Database
2476:www.mitsuwa-tiger.com
1966:ITIS Standard Reports
1424:
1405:'s Telecaster on the
1351:
1210:
1194:
906:Fraxinus malacophylla
854:– Himalayan manna ash
638:Fraxinus chiisanensis
558:Fraxinus angustifolia
544:Fraxinus angustifolia
533:Fraxinus angustifolia
516:Fraxinus trifoliolata
376:trees, although some
304:Fraxinus angustifolia
301:
293:
2430:. 16 September 2022.
2282:: 15. Archived from
2251:on 29 September 2009
2247:: 20. Archived from
2108:Illinois Wildflowers
2082:Illinois Wildflowers
2056:Illinois Wildflowers
2030:Illinois Wildflowers
1929:"Species Records of
1451:Morgan Motor Company
1395:Fender Stratocasters
1156:eating the seeds to
1042:(G.Don) Wall. ex DC.
944:Fraxinus sieboldiana
899:Fraxinus longicuspis
725:Fraxinus caroliniana
630:Melioides sensu lato
584:Fraxinus mandshurica
539:– narrow-leaved ash
372:, most of which are
2276:New Disease Reports
2241:New Disease Reports
2153:Don't Move Firewood
2004:2013FrBio..58.1631S
1887:2013PLoSO...880431H
1674:Western Garden Book
1223:Agrilus planipennis
1024:Fraxinus hubeiensis
972:Fraxinus gooddingii
891:Fraxinus lanuginosa
859:Fraxinus griffithii
848:Fraxinus floribunda
671:Fraxinus spaethiana
356:), commonly called
306:) shoot with leaves
302:Narrow-leafed ash (
2490:"Foraging in June"
2286:on 9 November 2009
1992:Freshwater Biology
1427:
1358:
1310:Fraxinus excelsior
1304:Fraxinus americana
1265:Fraxinus excelsior
1262:The European ash,
1240:biological control
1215:
1200:
1162:silver-haired bats
1000:Fraxinus rufescens
913:Fraxinus micrantha
870:Fraxinus insularis
837:Fraxinus chinensis
819:Fraxinus baroniana
747:Fraxinus papillosa
736:Fraxinus latifolia
703:Fraxinus americana
660:Fraxinus platypoda
649:Fraxinus cuspidata
606:Fraxinus pallisiae
573:Fraxinus excelsior
397:pinnately compound
308:
296:
57:1862 illustration
3013:
3012:
2910:Open Tree of Life
2625:Taxon identifiers
2599:. 2017–28: 1–36.
2521:978-0-85991-513-7
2457:15 December 2018
2312:. 25 October 2012
2012:10.1111/fwb.12155
1831:978-1-884964-98-5
1524:. They appear in
1403:Bruce Springsteen
1251:emerald ash borer
1219:emerald ash borer
1212:Emerald ash borer
1158:white-tailed deer
1108:long-horn beetles
1043:
1029:
1017:Fraxinus dimorpha
993:Fraxinus purpusii
987:
976:
949:
939:
928:
918:
885:
881:Fraxinus japonica
875:
864:
853:
842:
831:
826:Fraxinus bungeana
796:
791:Fraxinus velutina
785:
784:(Wenz.) Lingelsh.
774:
769:Fraxinus profunda
763:
752:
741:
730:
719:
708:
697:
692:Fraxinus albicans
676:
666:– Chinese red ash
654:
617:Fraxinus sogdiana
611:
600:
589:
578:
566:
552:
538:
510:
499:
486:
481:Fraxinus dipetala
475:
474:Torr. ex S.Watson
288:
287:
282:
274:
266:
258:
250:
242:
234:
226:
218:
210:
191:
16:(Redirected from
3048:
3041:Medicinal plants
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3005:
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2970:
2969:
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2918:
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2905:
2904:
2895:
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2879:NHMSYS0000458889
2869:
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2842:
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2817:
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2765:
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2713:
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2620:
2619:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2594:
2568:comparison chart
2551:
2550:
2546:978-1-49313-8388
2532:
2526:
2525:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2468:
2462:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2444:. 26 March 2021.
2438:
2432:
2431:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2410:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2344:
2338:
2333:Chalara fraxinea
2328:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2210:Forest Pathology
2205:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2187:
2181:
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2178:
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2164:
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2161:
2159:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2110:. Dr. John Hilty
2100:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2084:. Dr. John Hilty
2074:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2058:. Dr. John Hilty
2048:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2032:. Dr. John Hilty
2022:
2016:
2015:
1998:(8): 1631–1646.
1987:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1908:
1898:
1866:
1860:
1859:
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1855:
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1842:
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1815:
1809:
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1780:
1774:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1676:(6th ed.).
1670:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1644:
1635:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1603:
1588:, the letter ash
1570:Italian folklore
1473:F. quadrangulata
1467:F. pennsylvanica
1458:lights and burns
1425:Ash coffee table
1366:electric guitars
1080:
1066:
1054:
1041:
1027:
985:
982:Fraxinus greggii
977:– Goodding's ash
975:
947:
937:
934:Fraxinus paxiana
926:
916:
884:
873:
865:– Griffith's ash
862:
851:
840:
829:
794:
783:
772:
761:
750:
739:
728:
717:
706:
695:
674:
665:
652:
643:
622:
609:
598:
590:– Manchurian ash
587:
576:
565:
551:
536:
508:
495:
485:Hook. & Arn.
484:
476:– singleleaf ash
473:
470:Fraxinus anomala
452:Selected species
355:
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350:
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341:
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335:
332:
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187:
71:
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46:
32:
31:
21:
3056:
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3031:Oleaceae genera
3016:
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2391:. Niche Timbers
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2369:. Niche Timbers
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1537:Norse mythology
1500:Greek mythology
1496:
1391:acoustic guitar
1387:electric guitar
1295:
1260:
1205:
1189:
1091:
1084:
1081:
1072:
1067:
1058:
1055:
753:– Chihuahua ash
663:
641:
620:
553:– Caucasian ash
500:– Chaparral ash
492:Fraxinus parryi
454:
431:
387:The leaves are
320:
316:
186:
65:
56:
28:
27:Genus of plants
23:
22:
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5:
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3003:wfo-4000015027
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2558:External links
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2216:(4): 264–270.
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2182:
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2017:
1979:
1950:
1920:
1881:(11): e80431.
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1739:Flora of China
1722:
1693:
1687:978-0376038500
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1513:Fraxinus ornus
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1146:cedar waxwings
1142:pine grosbeaks
1113:Tropidosteptes
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965:Fraxinus dubia
960:
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923:Fraxinus ornus
919:
909:
902:
895:
894:– Japanese ash
887:
886:– Japanese ash
877:
866:
855:
844:
833:
822:
815:
807:
806:
799:
798:
787:
780:Fraxinus uhdei
776:
765:
754:
743:
732:
731:– Carolina ash
721:
710:
699:
687:
686:
679:
678:
667:
656:
655:– fragrant ash
645:
633:
632:
625:
624:
623:– Tianshan ash
613:
602:
595:Fraxinus nigra
591:
580:
579:– European ash
569:
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53:Fraxinus ornus
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2149:"The Problem"
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1335:baseball bats
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997:
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994:
990:
988:– Gregg's ash
984:
983:
979:
974:
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962:
961:
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867:
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849:
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839:
838:
834:
832:– Bunge's ash
828:
827:
823:
821:
820:
816:
814:
813:
809:
808:
805:
801:
800:
793:
792:
788:
782:
781:
777:
775:– pumpkin ash
771:
770:
766:
760:
759:
755:
749:
748:
744:
738:
737:
733:
727:
726:
722:
720:– Mexican ash
716:
715:
711:
705:
704:
700:
694:
693:
689:
688:
685:
681:
680:
677:– Späth's ash
673:
672:
668:
662:
661:
657:
651:
650:
646:
644:– Jirisan ash
640:
639:
635:
634:
631:
627:
626:
619:
618:
614:
612:– Pallis' ash
608:
607:
603:
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581:
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93:Tracheophytes
91:
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74:
69:
64:
60:
55:
54:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
2632:
2608:. Retrieved
2596:
2587:
2583:
2565:
2536:
2530:
2507:
2498:
2484:
2475:
2466:
2458:
2450:
2436:
2422:
2393:. Retrieved
2383:
2371:. Retrieved
2361:
2352:
2342:
2332:
2326:
2314:. Retrieved
2309:
2300:
2288:. Retrieved
2284:the original
2279:
2275:
2265:
2253:. Retrieved
2249:the original
2244:
2240:
2230:
2213:
2209:
2203:
2185:
2168:
2156:. Retrieved
2152:
2143:
2134:
2129:Moy, Derek.
2124:
2112:. Retrieved
2107:
2098:
2086:. Retrieved
2081:
2072:
2060:. Retrieved
2055:
2046:
2034:. Retrieved
2029:
2020:
1995:
1991:
1970:. Retrieved
1965:
1960:
1953:
1941:. Retrieved
1936:
1930:
1923:
1878:
1874:
1864:
1852:. Retrieved
1840:
1820:
1813:
1804:
1792:. Retrieved
1785:
1778:
1753:
1747:
1738:
1732:
1725:
1713:. Retrieved
1709:
1703:
1696:
1678:Sunset Books
1673:
1668:
1656:. Retrieved
1651:
1630:
1618:. Retrieved
1613:
1608:
1601:
1567:
1560:
1534:
1529:
1511:
1497:
1489:
1482:
1471:
1465:
1455:
1447:
1443:
1438:
1428:
1413:
1406:
1372:, paint and
1359:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1272:
1263:
1261:
1244:
1222:
1216:
1166:
1154:meadow voles
1124:, larvae of
1111:
1105:
1092:
1069:
1044:– Afghan ash
1036:
1031:
1022:
1015:
1008:
998:
991:
980:
970:
963:
956:
942:
932:
921:
911:
904:
897:
889:
879:
868:
857:
846:
835:
824:
817:
810:
803:
789:
778:
767:
756:
745:
742:– Oregon ash
734:
723:
712:
701:
690:
683:
669:
658:
647:
636:
629:
615:
604:
593:
582:
571:
562:
556:
548:
542:
531:
524:
514:
503:
490:
479:
468:
461:
455:
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407:species are
404:
386:
380:species are
357:
311:
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277:
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245:
237:
229:
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205:
182:
181:
171:
125:
112:
99:
86:
51:
35:
29:
2822:iNaturalist
2657:Wikispecies
2597:Phytoneuron
2512:D.S. Brewer
2395:22 February
2373:22 February
2367:"White Ash"
2290:10 February
2255:10 February
2078:"Green Ash"
2052:"White Ash"
2026:"Black Ash"
1972:22 February
1943:22 February
1439:F. japonica
1416:drum shells
1408:Born to Run
1399:Telecasters
1354:quartersawn
1279:ash dieback
1177:butterflies
1173:Lepidoptera
1134:wild turkey
1009:Sciadanthus
957:Pauciflorae
773:(Bush) Bush
764:– green ash
698:– Texas ash
601:– black ash
435:Old English
423:rose family
391:(rarely in
378:subtropical
230:Calycomelia
222:Mannaphorus
214:Fraxinoides
106:Angiosperms
3020:Categories
2316:25 October
2158:14 October
1648:"Fraxinus"
1593:References
1553:axis mundi
1343:resilience
1277:, causing
1130:wood ducks
1126:gall flies
863:C.B.Clarke
511:– blue ash
278:Petlomelia
172:Fraxininae
168:Subtribe:
2757:FloraBase
2610:8 January
2605:2153-733X
2588:Melioides
2114:27 August
2104:"Red Ash"
2088:27 August
2062:27 August
2036:27 August
1854:28 August
1794:21 August
1620:21 August
1541:Yggdrasil
1530:Theogony,
1485:manna ash
1462:barbecues
1435:heartwood
1379:Swamp ash
1360:Ash is a
1333:handles,
1317:and very
1297:Ash is a
1175:species (
1138:cardinals
1118:lace bugs
1096:ash borer
1032:Hubei qin
938:Lingelsh.
917:Lingelsh.
751:Lingelsh.
675:Lingelsh.
462:Dipetalae
429:Etymology
409:dioecious
382:evergreen
374:deciduous
270:Meliopsis
254:Samarpses
246:Ornanthes
76:Kingdom:
3026:Fraxinus
2985:VicFlora
2974:VASCAN:
2967:40010900
2962:Tropicos
2840:328119-2
2723:Fraxinus
2718:eFloraSA
2694:BioLib:
2663:Fraxinus
2642:Wikidata
2633:Fraxinus
2584:Fraxinus
2571:Archived
2566:Fraxinus
2506:(2007).
1961:Fraxinus
1931:Fraxinus
1915:24278282
1875:PLOS ONE
1786:Fraxinus
1733:Fraxinus
1715:16 April
1704:Fraxinus
1658:16 April
1609:Fraxinus
1580:See also
1383:material
1362:tonewood
1299:hardwood
1171:of some
1070:F. ornus
1007:Section
955:Section
802:Section
762:Marshall
682:Section
628:Section
599:Marshall
549:oxycarpa
525:Fraxinus
523:Section
460:Section
405:Fraxinus
389:opposite
366:Oleaceae
312:Fraxinus
238:Leptalix
197:Synonyms
183:Fraxinus
152:Oleaceae
148:Family:
142:Lamiales
132:Asterids
119:Eudicots
36:Fraxinus
18:Ash tree
2853:1044529
2801:3172323
2648:Q128887
2000:Bibcode
1906:3837005
1883:Bibcode
1784:"Genus
1771:4036251
1574:vampire
1545:gallows
1431:veneers
1339:hurleys
1323:elastic
1287:Suffolk
1232:Ontario
1187:Threats
1089:Ecology
1030:– 湖北梣,
696:Buckley
610:Wilmott
563:syriaca
561:subsp.
547:subsp.
421:in the
403:. Some
360:, is a
281:Nieuwl.
262:Aplilia
233:Kostel.
178:Genus:
158:Tribe:
138:Order:
80:Plantae
2936:PLANTS
2915:671810
2899:NZOR:
2788:113002
2775:113002
2674:190835
2671:APDB:
2603:
2586:sect.
2543:
2518:
1913:
1903:
1828:
1769:
1761:
1684:
1557:cosmos
1526:Hesiod
1518:dryads
1516:), as
1508:nymphs
1504:Meliae
1502:, the
1374:finish
1319:strong
1270:fungus
1258:Europe
1247:phloem
1236:Quebec
1227:beetle
1196:Canker
1169:larvae
1148:, and
1122:aphids
1100:tannin
986:A.Gray
874:Hemsl.
740:Benth.
509:Michx.
418:Sorbus
413:Rowans
401:samara
393:whorls
217:Medik.
209:Boehm.
162:Oleeae
3036:Trees
2941:FRAXI
2928:54727
2892:38871
2866:32928
2848:IRMNG
2827:54806
2762:40240
2749:1FRXG
2736:38324
2710:8VXQ9
2697:40408
2687:59314
2593:(PDF)
2389:"Ash"
2195:(PDF)
2177:(PDF)
1849:(PDF)
1547:) of
1370:stain
1315:tough
1181:moths
948:Blume
852:Wall.
841:Roxb.
804:Ornus
795:Torr.
729:Mill.
664:Oliv.
653:Torr.
642:Nakai
621:Bunge
588:Rupr.
497:Moran
446:spear
442:Latin
370:trees
362:genus
273:Rchb.
206:Ornus
126:Clade
113:Clade
100:Clade
87:Clade
2977:1183
2949:POWO
2887:NCBI
2861:ITIS
2835:IPNI
2814:4752
2809:GRIN
2796:GBIF
2744:EPPO
2682:APNI
2612:2022
2601:ISSN
2541:ISBN
2516:ISBN
2397:2010
2375:2010
2318:2012
2292:2010
2257:2010
2160:2011
2116:2018
2090:2018
2064:2018
2038:2018
1974:2010
1945:2010
1911:PMID
1856:2016
1826:ISBN
1796:2016
1767:OCLC
1759:ISBN
1717:2016
1682:ISBN
1660:2016
1622:2016
1562:Askr
1549:Odin
1506:are
1397:and
1385:for
1331:tool
1327:bows
1321:but
1293:Uses
1234:and
1217:The
1179:and
537:Vahl
265:Raf.
257:Raf.
249:Raf.
241:Raf.
225:Raf.
2998:WFO
2874:NBN
2783:FoC
2770:FNA
2731:EoL
2705:CoL
2353:BBC
2310:BBC
2218:doi
2008:doi
1963:L."
1901:PMC
1891:doi
1611:L."
1568:In
1535:In
1528:'s
1522:oak
1498:In
1478:dye
1456:It
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1183:).
830:DC.
718:DC.
438:æsc
358:ash
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