189:
1290:
2460:
40:
1474:
1588:, because his own son was too young to succeeded to the Caliphate. His brother nominated his son (al-Saffah's nephew) as heir. Al-Saffah's nephew nominated his two sons as heir. Even though al-Saffah's son never ascended to Caliphate, his children remained influential. In 761, his nephew Muhammad (future caliph
1271:, which didn't welcome him, and was ultimately killed on the run in Egypt that August. As-Saffah would go on to become the first Abbasid caliph, but he did not come forward to receive the pledge of allegiance from the people until after the Umayyad caliph and a large number of his princes were already killed.
1496:
allies who originally supported the
Chinese. The Karluk mercenaries, two-thirds of the Tang army, defected to the Abbasids during the battle; Karluk troops attacked the Tang army from close quarters while the main Abbasid forces attacked from the front. The Tang troops were unable to hold their
1386:
would be named head of the caliphate, inaugurating the era of peace and prosperity the millennialists had believed would come. The betrayal alienated as-Saffāh's Shi'a supporters, although the continued amity of other groups made
Abbasid rule markedly more solvent than that of the Umayyads.
1308:
Later tales recount that, concerned that there would be a return of rival
Umayyad power, as-Saffāh invited all of the remaining members of the Umayyad family to a dinner party where he had them clubbed to death before the first course, which was then served to the hosts. The only survivor,
1462:
The numbers of combatants involved in the Battle of Talas are not known with certainty; however, various estimates exist. The
Abbasid army (200,000 Muslim troops according to Chinese estimates, though these numbers may be greatly exaggerated) which included contingents from their
1332:
As-Saffāh's four-year reign was marked with efforts to consolidate and rebuild the caliphate. His supporters were represented in the new government, but apart from his policy toward the
Umayyad family, as-Saffāh is widely viewed by historians as having been a mild victor.
674:
faithful
Muslims were told that the brutal civil war was the great conflict between good and evil. The choice of the Umayyads to enter battle with white flags and the Abbasids to enter with black encouraged such theories. The color white, however, was regarded in much of
1329:, hunted down the last of the family dynasty, with only Abd al-Rahmān escaping. Ultimately, 'Abbasid rule was accepted even in Syria, and the beginning of the new Islamic dynasty was considered "free from major internal dissensions."
1604:
and the northwestern provinces in 788/9. He was later appointed to two brief stints as governor of Egypt, in 795 and 796. His second grandson, Ali was the uncle and father-in-law of sixth
Abbasid caliph al-Amin through his daughter
1505:. Out of an estimated 10,000 Tang troops, only 2,000 managed to return from Talas to their territory in Central Asia. Despite losing the battle, Li did inflict heavy losses on the pursuing Arab army after being reproached by
1555:
took on the responsibility of establishing the
Abbasid caliphate by holding on to power for nearly 22 years, from Dhu al-Hijjah 136 AH until Dhu al-Hijjah 158 AH (754 – 775). Al-Mansur was proclaimed Caliph on his way to
1360:
Equally revolutionary was as-Saffāh's reform of the army, which came to include non-Muslims and non-Arabs in sharp contrast to the
Umayyads who refused any soldiers of either type. As-Saffāh selected the gifted
624:
and another member of the Banu Hashim. Zayd's rebellion was put down by
Umayyad armies in 740. The revolt in Kufa indicated both the strength of the Umayyads and the growing unrest in the Muslim world.
565:, an uncle of Muhammad, hence the title "Abbasid" for his descendants' caliphate. This indirect link to Muhammad's larger clan formed sufficient basis for as-Saffah's claim to the title
1564:
his Heir to the Abbasid caliphate. This agreement was supposed to resolve rivalries in the Abbasid family, but al-Mansur's right to accession was particularly challenged by his uncle
1459:. Historians debate whether or not Chinese prisoners captured in the aftermath of the battle brought paper-making technology to the Middle East, where it eventually spread to Europe.
1470:
In the month of July 751, the Abbasid forces joined in combat with the Tang Chinese force (the combined army of Tang Chinese and Karluk mercenaries) on the banks of the Talas river.
1976:
1878:
General biography: or, Lives, critical and historical, of the most eminent persons of all ages, countries, conditions, and professions, arranged according to alphabetical order
1834:
Sanders, P. (1990). The Meadows of Gold: The Abbasids by MAS‘UDI. Translated and edited by Lunde Paul and Stone Caroline, Kegan Paul International, London and New York, 1989
660:
provoked a rebellion in the east. Abu al-`Abbās, supported by Shi'as and the residents of Khurasān, led his forces to victory over the Umayyads. The civil war was marked by
1560:
in the year 753 (136 AH) and was inaugurated the following year. Abu Ja'far Abdallah ibn Muhammad took the name al-Mansur ("the victorious") and agreed to make his nephew
1467:
ally met the combined army of 10,000 Tang Chinese and 20,000 Karluk mercenaries (Arab records put the Chinese forces at 100,000 which also may be greatly exaggerated).
2251:
The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXX: The ʿAbbāsid Caliphate in Equilibrium: The Caliphates of Mūsā al-Hādī and Hārūn al-Rashīd, A.D. 785–809/A.H. 169–192
1987:, ch. 41), claims that following a conflict between Harun and Ubaydallah the empire was split in two, with Ubaydallah receiving the northern provinces of
4209:
3042:
188:
1477:
Modern view of Talas River, which starts in the mountains of Kyrgyzstan and winds down into Kazakhstan. On the right side of the river is the city of
4074:
4204:
1341:, and Persians were well represented in his government and in succeeding Abbasid administrations. Education was also encouraged, and the first
4256:
4084:
2035:, pp. 463–64 (noting only one appointment to Egypt). During his first governorship he was placed in charge of both prayers/security (
4003:
2007:, pp. 88–89, who notes that the Arabic sources from the period make no reference to any sort of conflict between the two brothers.
4079:
1716:
4261:
2630:
1903:
Rituals of Islamic Monarchy: Accession and Succession in the First Muslim Empire: Accession and Succession in the First Muslim Empire
4117:
3625:
3521:
2800:
3035:
1513:
broke out in 755. When the Tang capital was taken by rebels, all Chinese armies stationed in Central Asia were ordered back to
2963:
2430:
2345:
2259:
2214:
2165:
2131:
2086:
1863:
298:
4323:
3213:
3000:
1839:
529:) means "the Blood-Shedder". It may refer to his ruthless tactics, or perhaps it was used to instill fear in his enemies.
1794:
controlled by the Arabs later were estimated by the Chinese in 718 with 900,000 troops available to respond according to
562:
104:
4266:
3235:
76:
3339:
3028:
2193:
2107:
2071:
1910:
1728:
123:
3175:
1455:
for the next 400 years. Control of this region was economically beneficial for the Abbasids because it was on the
1448:
originally allied to the Tang defected to the Abbasids and tipped the balance of power, resulting in a Tang rout.
3431:
83:
1885:
438:
396:
61:
4318:
4246:
3881:
2623:
2537:
2012:
1310:
1102:
1025:
573:
434:
392:
1501:, recognized that defeat was imminent and managed to escape with some of his Tang regulars with the help of
628:
During the last days of the Umayyad caliphate, Abu al-‘Abbās and his clan chose to begin their rebellion in
3160:
1639:
a battle that took place on 25 January 750. It spelled the end of the Umayyads and the rise of the Abbasids
1606:
1535:), which was demolished. There was no serious attempt to retain control of the captured cities, except for
1485:
The Tang army was subjected to a devastating defeat. The Tang dynasty's defeat was due to the defection of
1398:
136 AH), only four years after taking the title of caliph. Before he died, as-Saffah appointed his brother
90:
1509:. After the battle, Gao was prepared to organize another Tang army against the Arabs when the devastating
1278:
as the new capital of the caliphate, ending the dominance of Damascus in the Islamic political world, and
4251:
2298:
1975:, p. 1178) does not note Ubaydallah's governorship, saying instead that Ibn Mazyad was succeeded by
1630:
4022:
3441:
3165:
2759:
1521:
57:
72:
3436:
2185:
866:
446:
17:
3807:
3803:
3681:
2616:
698:
554:
2938:
2923:
2639:
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2123:
The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century
2000:
1624:
1597:
1267:, effectively ending the Umayyad caliphate, which had ruled since 661 AD. Marwan II fled back to
657:
605:
50:
1322:
3760:
3456:
2948:
2545:
2390:
Bonner, Michael (January–March 1988). "Al-Khalīfa Al-Marḍī: The Accession of Hārūn Al-Rashīd".
487:
460:
1527:
led an invasion across the frontier of the Caliphate. The Byzantines captured Theodosiopolis (
4313:
3765:
3755:
3426:
3170:
2898:
2845:
2355:
2254:. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.
2209:. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.
1318:
1317:(Spain), where the Umayyad dynasty would endure for three more centuries in the form of the
616:, mainly by the town's slaves. Shi'ites revolted in 736 and held the city until 740, led by
2968:
2692:
1593:
1338:
726:
319:
2459:
2206:
The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXVII: The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, A.D. 743–750/A.H. 126–132
8:
4308:
4303:
3446:
2464:
2286:
1996:
1251:. As-Saffah had not been yet declared caliph. One of his priorities was to eliminate his
164:
4276:
3572:
3537:
3307:
3131:
2407:
1842:. Middle East Studies Association Bulletin, 24(1), 50–51. doi:10.1017/S0026318400022549
1642:
1451:
The defeat marked the end of Tang westward expansion and resulted in Muslim control of
97:
3020:
2419:
Gordon, Matthew S.; Robinson, Chase F.; Rowson, Everett K.; et al., eds. (2018).
3587:
3547:
3514:
3088:
3051:
2993:
2983:
2953:
2590:
2577:
2426:
2341:
2255:
2210:
2189:
2161:
2127:
2103:
2082:
2067:
1906:
1881:
1859:
1835:
1790:
The strength of Arabs is not recorded for this battle, but the armies to the east of
1724:
1636:
1568:. Once in power, caliph al-Mansur had his uncle imprisoned in 754 and killed in 764.
1425:
1365:
as his military commander, an officer who would serve until 755 in the Abbasid army.
1260:
1252:
694:
498:
305:
1368:
Not all Muslims accept the legitimacy of his caliphate, however. According to later
4181:
3891:
3777:
3696:
3645:
3349:
2973:
2913:
2862:
2820:
2399:
2175:
2153:
1851:
1791:
1565:
1510:
1326:
629:
589:
would appear from the family of Muhammad, to which Ali belonged, who would deliver
360:
1420:
During his reign a great battle took place in 751 known as the Battle of Talas or
1289:
193:
as-Saffah's proclamation as caliph, from a 14th-century illustrated manuscript of
4271:
3772:
3567:
3557:
3552:
3344:
3290:
3277:
3203:
3148:
2943:
2928:
2918:
2888:
2855:
2681:
2533:
2490:
2440:
2420:
2359:
2302:
2249:
2235:
2204:
2179:
2141:
2121:
2117:
2097:
1992:
1577:
1540:
1415:
1350:
1193:
789:
621:
506:
478:
451:
382:
233:
173:
28:
2370:
576:
and his mother, Rayta, was the daughter of a certain Ubayd Allah ibn Abd Allah.
4161:
4125:
4008:
3931:
3911:
3844:
3577:
3461:
3380:
3370:
3334:
3317:
3285:
3240:
2958:
2850:
2790:
2743:
2738:
2723:
2703:
2245:
2047:); in his second administration he is mentioned as only being in charge of the
1493:
1464:
1429:
1346:
670:
661:
339:
209:
1798:, Bai however never estimate any Abbasid army figures. (Bai 2003, pp. 225–26).
1596:
as his first wife after his return from Khurasan. She gave birth to two sons,
4297:
4171:
4156:
4064:
3993:
3978:
3921:
3901:
3869:
3691:
3640:
3603:
3562:
3322:
3302:
2815:
2728:
2713:
2224:
1968:
1720:
1524:
550:
1766:
1243:
In early October 749 (132 AH), Abu al-'Abbās as-Saffāh's rebel army entered
4166:
3916:
3740:
3701:
3676:
3635:
3542:
3230:
3225:
2988:
2978:
2933:
2830:
2810:
2698:
2324:
2231:
1561:
1514:
1433:
1403:
1395:
664:
prophecies encouraged by the beliefs of some Shi'as that as-Saffāḥ was the
637:
617:
277:
2157:
368:
Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abd Allah ibn al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim
4214:
3582:
3421:
3401:
3375:
3312:
3093:
2908:
2903:
2785:
2780:
2753:
2718:
2482:
1963:, p. 330. Numismatic evidence for this appointment is summarized by
1585:
1506:
1498:
1452:
1437:
653:
365:
4176:
4149:
3938:
3745:
3735:
3671:
3650:
3630:
3504:
3416:
3385:
3327:
3136:
3100:
2893:
2835:
2825:
2805:
2775:
2748:
2733:
2549:
2524:
2516:
2503:
2468:
1988:
1795:
1369:
1362:
1342:
1314:
1301:
702:
649:
645:
641:
424:
346:
198:
2411:
4144:
3926:
3906:
3896:
3849:
3686:
3297:
3208:
3155:
2708:
2666:
2600:
2569:
2559:
2149:
1600:
and Ali. His elder grandson, Ubaydallah was appointed as governor of
1581:
1552:
1489:
1456:
1441:
1399:
1354:
1283:
1256:
1209:
948:
690:
546:
502:
442:
400:
243:
229:
2270:
1980:
39:
4139:
4043:
3864:
3839:
3750:
3509:
3406:
3354:
3193:
2840:
2795:
2765:
2671:
2403:
2312:
1618:
1601:
1589:
1536:
1436:. In July 751 AD, Tang and Abbasid forces met in the valley of the
1391:
1268:
871:
598:
558:
3013:
indicates ephemeral caliphs recognized in the city of Baghdad only
2608:
4069:
3998:
3666:
3499:
3411:
3220:
3198:
2770:
2686:
2676:
2651:
1532:
1528:
1502:
1486:
1445:
1406:
as his successors; ibn Musa, however, never filled the position.
1264:
706:
687:
594:
538:
377:
264:
1372:, as-Saffāh turned back on his promises to the partisans of the
4199:
4048:
4017:
3451:
2874:
2647:
2313:
Ibn Hazm, Abu Muhammad ibn 'Ali ibn Ahmad ibn Sa'id al-Andalusi
2043:
1377:
1293:
676:
593:
from corrupt leadership. The half-hearted policies of the late
580:
542:
194:
1473:
1274:
In one far-reaching, historic decision, as-Saffāh established
632:, an important, but remote military region comprising eastern
4129:
4038:
4012:
3988:
3983:
3943:
3886:
3874:
3859:
3854:
3477:
3244:
2878:
2037:
1557:
1478:
1444:
region of central Asia. After several days of stalemate, the
1373:
1325:. Another version is that as-Saffāḥ's new governor to Syria,
1259:. The latter was defeated in February 750 at a battle on the
590:
585:
515:
471:
421:
353:
2418:
2364:(in Arabic). Vol. 10. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyya.
1972:
4134:
2240:. Trans. Philip Khuri Hitti. New York: Columbia University.
1382:
1334:
1297:
1279:
1275:
1248:
1244:
633:
613:
609:
418:
636:, southern parts of the modern Central Asian republics of
2422:
The Works of Ibn Wadih al-Ya'qubi: An English Translation
2338:
Two Queens of Baghdad: Mother and Wife of Hārūn Al Rashīd
2011:, p. 380, refers to Ubaydallah as a governor of the
583:, many believed that in the end times a great leader or
3050:
1924:
1922:
1660:
1658:
1645:
was the overthrow of the Caliph Marwan II by as-Saffah.
2146:
The Early Abbasid Caliphate : A Political History
1576:
Al-Saffah was the First Arab caliph from the Caliphal
2354:
1940:
532:
2445:
Nujum al-zahira fi muluk Misr wa'l-Qahira, Volume II
2285:
2032:
1919:
1682:
1670:
1655:
513:
492:
465:
171:
162:
2079:
Encyclopedia Britannica. I: A-Ak – Bayes (15th ed.)
2077:Hoiberg, Dale H., ed. (2010). ""Abbasid Dynasty"".
601:had failed to quell unrest among these minorities.
64:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2441:Ibn Taghribirdi, Jamal al-Din Abu al-Mahasin Yusuf
2319:(in Arabic) (5th ed.). Cairo: Dar al-Ma'arif.
1390:Caliph Abu al-`Abbās `Abdu’llāh as-Saffāḥ died of
1497:positions, and the commander of the Tang forces,
4295:
2148:(3rd reprinted & revised ed.). London:
2439:
2064:Arab-Byzantine Relations in Early Islamic Times
2028:
2325:Ibn Qutaybah, Abu Muhammad Abdallah ibn Muslim
1880:. London: G. G. and J. Robinson. p. 201.
1409:
467:Abū al-ʿAbbās ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī
3036:
2624:
2447:(in Arabic). Cairo: Dar al-Kutub al-Misriyya.
2356:Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn Ali
2315:(1982). Harun, 'Abd al-Salam Muhammad (ed.).
1633:an Abbasid governor of Basra from 750 to 755.
470:; 721/722 – 8 June 754), known by his
2323:
2307:(in Arabic). Leyden and London: E. J. Brill.
2230:
2181:A History of the Byzantine State and Society
2008:
1960:
1627:an Abbasid Prince and Grandson of as-Saffah.
1380:for himself. The Shi'a had hoped that their
524:
146:
3961:
1905:. Edinburgh University Press. p. 192.
1551:As-Saffah died after a five-year reign and
3043:
3029:
2631:
2617:
2358:(2011). Mustafa 'Abd al-Qadir 'Ata (ed.).
1754:The prophet and the age of the caliphates.
1702:The prophet and the age of the caliphates.
656:. In 743, the death of the Umayyad Caliph
2425:. Vol. 3. Leiden and Boston: Brill.
2368:
2174:
2099:E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam
1984:
1869:
1828:
1723:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
124:Learn how and when to remove this message
27:For the archaeological site in Oman, see
2392:Journal of the American Oriental Society
2311:
2297:
2244:
2237:The Origins of the Islamic State, Part I
2227:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
2223:The Oxford History of Islam, p. 25. Ed.
2202:
2024:
2003:; this assertion is however disputed by
1956:
1944:
1845:
1472:
1402:and, following him, the caliph's nephew
1288:
693:was founded by a dynasty descended from
604:During the reign of late Umayyad Caliph
501:, one of the longest and most important
4236:
2140:
2116:
2095:
2076:
1900:
1688:
1676:
1664:
14:
4296:
3728:
2389:
2335:
2331:(4th ed.). Cairo: al-Dar Ma'arif.
2004:
1928:
1712:
1710:
1424:was a military engagement between the
4235:
4105:
3960:
3828:
3066:
3024:
2612:
2289:(1985). al-Umari, Akram Diya' (ed.).
2268:
1964:
1875:
1621:, nephew and son-in-law of as-Saffah.
1230:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1207:
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1200:
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1038:
1036:
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1023:
1021:
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1007:
1005:
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989:
983:
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737:
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722:
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714:
4106:
2126:(Second ed.). Harlow: Longman.
1247:, a major Muslim center in Southern
456:أبو العباس عبد الله ابن محمد ابن علي
62:adding citations to reliable sources
33:
2638:
2293:(in Arabic). Al-Riyadh: Dar Taybah.
2291:Tarikh Khalifah ibn Khayyat, 3rd ed
2269:Bates, Michael L. (7 August 2019),
1707:
525:
482:
455:
147:
24:
4267:Graeco-Arabic translation movement
3236:Graeco-Arabic translation movement
2376:Translated from Classical Armenian
2203:Williams, John Alden, ed. (1985).
2096:Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor (1993).
1767:"The Battle of Talas, In Our Time"
533:Family origins and earlier history
299:Umm Salama bint Ya'qub al-Makhzumi
25:
4335:
2452:
2304:The Governors and Judges of Egypt
2272:Names and Titles on Islamic Coins
597:to tolerate non-Arab Muslims and
545:), was head of one branch of the
3166:Revolt of Muhammad the Pure Soul
2458:
2327:(n.d.). Ukashah, Tharwat (ed.).
187:
38:
2361:Tarikh Baghdad/Madinat al-Salam
2340:. University of Chicago Press.
2056:
2018:
1950:
1934:
1894:
1819:
1810:
1801:
608:this unrest led to a revolt in
497:), was the first caliph of the
49:needs additional citations for
1816:Treadgold (1997), pp. 360, 362
1784:
1759:
1746:
1733:
1694:
682:
549:from Arabia, a subclan of the
136:Abbasid caliph from 748 to 754
13:
1:
3972:Palace and central government
3829:
2512:
2499:
2301:(1912). Guest, Rhuvon (ed.).
2232:Al-Baladhuri, Ahmad ibn Jabir
1977:Abd al-Kabir ibn Abd al-Hamid
1649:
1546:
1313:, escaped to the province of
1282:would now become the seat of
668:In Shi'ite works such as the
257:
3432:Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn al-Furat
3176:Abbasid–Carolingian alliance
2595:25 January 750 – 8 June 754
2299:Al-Kindi, Muhammad ibn Yusuf
2066:, Ashgate/Variorum, Farnham
1440:to vie for control over the
1238:
433:Abu al-ʿAbbās Abd Allāh ibn
7:
4324:8th-century Abbasid caliphs
3067:
1717:The Oxford History of Islam
1631:Sulayman ibn Ali al-Hashimi
1612:
1580:. He nominated his brother
1410:Abbasid Military Activities
514:
493:
466:
219:25 January 750 – 8 June 754
172:
163:
10:
4340:
2369:Bedrosian, Robert (2006),
1941:Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi 2011
1428:along with their ally the
1413:
1349:prisoners captured at the
1311:Abd al-Rahman ibn Mu'awiya
1286:power for many centuries.
553:who traced its lineage to
26:
4242:
4231:
4192:
4116:
4112:
4101:
4057:
4031:
3971:
3967:
3956:
3835:
3824:
3792:
3714:
3659:
3618:
3600:
3530:
3492:
3474:
3437:Ali ibn Isa ibn al-Jarrah
3394:
3363:
3276:
3259:
3186:
3124:
3109:
3077:
3073:
3062:
3011:
2873:
2646:
2597:
2584:
2566:
2556:
2542:
2530:
2523:
2476:
2186:Stanford University Press
2033:Khalifah ibn Khayyat 1985
1571:
1543:), which was garrisoned.
1183:
1181:
1179:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1153:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1064:
1062:
987:
985:
910:
908:
828:
826:
751:
749:
572:As-Saffah was the son of
557:, a great-grandfather of
414:
406:
388:
376:
337:
332:
328:
304:
294:
284:
271:
253:
249:
239:
223:
215:
207:
186:
154:
143:
4032:Financial administration
3804:Abbasid caliphs of Cairo
2184:. Stanford, California:
1901:Marsham, Andrew (2009).
1517:to crush the rebellion.
699:Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalib
3962:Government and military
2760:Abdallah ibn al-Mu'tazz
2317:Jamharat Ansab al-'Arab
1625:Ubaydallah ibn al-Mahdi
679:as a sign of mourning.
606:Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik
3457:Abu Abdallah al-Baridi
2336:Abbott, Nabia (1946).
2102:. Vol. 1. Brill.
1482:
1376:in claiming the title
1305:
410:Rayta bint Ubayd Allah
3766:Mustansiriya Madrasah
3171:Round city of Baghdad
2158:10.4324/9781315667423
1476:
1345:, staffed by skilled
1292:
4319:Deaths from smallpox
4262:Science and learning
3161:Conquest of Ifriqiya
2693:Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi
2287:Khalifah ibn Khayyat
2062:Bonner, M.D. (2004)
2031:, pp. 93, 101;
2029:Ibn Taghribirdi 1930
1876:Aikin, John (1747).
1752:Kennedy, H. (2004).
1741:History of the World
1700:Kennedy, H. (2004).
1432:against the Chinese
1400:Abu Ja'far al-Mansur
1339:Nestorian Christians
1323:Caliphate of Córdoba
727:Hashim ibn Abd-Manaf
579:As narrated in many
275:8 June 754 (aged 33)
174:Khalifat Rasul Allah
58:improve this article
4237:Culture and society
3340:Kharijite Rebellion
2560:Abu Ja'far Abdallah
2027:, pp. 137–38;
1582:Abu Ja'far Abdallah
1492:and the retreat of
1327:'Abd Allāh ibn 'Ali
1321:and the subsequent
1300:minted, Dated (133
537:As-Saffāḥ, born in
227:Dynasty established
4277:Islamic philosophy
3573:Musharrif al-Dawla
3442:Qarmatian invasion
3427:Mu'nis al-Muzaffar
3308:Anarchy at Samarra
3264:the Abbasid empire
3132:Abbasid Revolution
2463:Works by or about
1973:Gordon et al. 2018
1643:Abbasid Revolution
1483:
1394:on 8 June 754 (13
1319:Emirate of Córdoba
1306:
949:Abdallah ibn Abbas
4291:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4227:
4226:
4223:
4222:
4097:
4096:
4093:
4092:
3952:
3951:
3820:
3819:
3816:
3815:
3788:
3787:
3720:(1157–1258)
3710:
3709:
3610:(1055–1157)
3596:
3595:
3588:al-Malik al-Rahim
3515:Baghdad Manifesto
3470:
3469:
3255:
3254:
3089:Umayyad Caliphate
3052:Abbasid Caliphate
3018:
3017:
2994:al-Mutawakkil III
2984:al-Mutawakkil III
2607:
2606:
2598:Succeeded by
2591:Abbasid Caliphate
2582:
2578:Umayyad Caliphate
2576:as caliph of the
2557:Succeeded by
2534:Ibrahim "al-Imām"
2525:Shia Islam titles
2432:978-90-04-35621-4
2347:978-0-86356-031-6
2261:978-0-88706-564-4
2216:978-0-87395-884-4
2176:Treadgold, Warren
2167:978-1-315-66742-3
2133:978-0-582-40525-7
2088:978-1-59339-837-8
2009:Ibn Qutaybah n.d.
1961:Al-Baladhuri 1916
1864:978-0-465-00888-9
1856:A History of Iran
1852:Axworthy, Michael
1756:2nd ed. Page 129.
1637:Battle of the Zab
1522:Byzantine Emperor
1520:Also in 751, the
1426:Abbasid Caliphate
1422:Battle of Artlakh
1353:, were set up in
1261:(Great) Zab river
1236:
1235:
705:), from whom the
499:Abbasid Caliphate
491:
464:
430:
429:
372:
371:
134:
133:
126:
108:
16:(Redirected from
4331:
4233:
4232:
4210:Jews and Judaism
4114:
4113:
4107:Religion and law
4103:
4102:
3969:
3968:
3958:
3957:
3826:
3825:
3808:Mamluk Sultanate
3726:
3725:
3721:
3616:
3615:
3611:
3490:
3489:
3485:
3484:(946–1055)
3274:
3273:
3269:
3262:Fragmentation of
3214:Sack of Heraclea
3122:
3121:
3117:
3075:
3074:
3064:
3063:
3057:
3045:
3038:
3031:
3022:
3021:
3001:Ottoman conquest
2974:al-Mutawakkil II
2633:
2626:
2619:
2610:
2609:
2573:
2567:Preceded by
2531:Preceded by
2519:
2514:
2506:
2501:
2474:
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2462:
2448:
2436:
2415:
2386:
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2308:
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2279:
2265:
2241:
2220:
2199:
2171:
2142:Kennedy, Hugh N.
2137:
2113:
2092:
2051:
2041:) and finances (
2022:
2016:
1954:
1948:
1938:
1932:
1926:
1917:
1916:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1873:
1867:
1849:
1843:
1832:
1826:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1808:
1807:Bai, pp. 226–28.
1805:
1799:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1763:
1757:
1750:
1744:
1743:. Penguin, 1994.
1737:
1731:
1714:
1705:
1698:
1692:
1686:
1680:
1674:
1668:
1662:
1566:Abdullah ibn Ali
1531:) and Melitene (
1511:An Shi Rebellion
1103:Muhammad ibn Ali
1026:Ali ibn Abdallah
712:
711:
709:takes its name.
620:, a grandson of
574:Muhammad ibn Ali
528:
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4294:
4293:
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4272:House of Wisdom
4238:
4219:
4188:
4108:
4089:
4053:
4027:
3963:
3948:
3831:
3812:
3797:
3784:
3778:Sack of Baghdad
3722:
3719:
3706:
3655:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3592:
3568:Sultan al-Dawla
3558:Sharaf al-Dawla
3553:Samsam al-Dawla
3538:Mu'izz al-Dawla
3526:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3466:
3390:
3364:Abbasid revival
3359:
3291:Sack of Amorium
3270:
3268:(833–946)
3267:
3266:
3263:
3251:
3204:Harun al-Rashid
3182:
3149:Battle of Talas
3118:
3116:(750–833)
3115:
3114:
3105:
3082:
3069:
3058:
3055:
3049:
3019:
3014:
3007:
2944:al-Mutawakkil I
2929:al-Mutawakkil I
2919:al-Mutawakkil I
2889:al-Mustansir II
2881:
2869:
2863:Mongol conquest
2682:Harun al-Rashid
2654:
2642:
2640:Abbasid Caliphs
2637:
2603:
2594:
2572:
2562:
2554:? – 8 June 754
2553:
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2246:Bosworth, C. E.
2217:
2196:
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2134:
2110:
2089:
2059:
2054:
2023:
2019:
1959:, p. 103;
1955:
1951:
1943:, p. 310;
1939:
1935:
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1663:
1656:
1652:
1615:
1578:Abbasid dynasty
1574:
1549:
1541:Kemah, Erzincan
1418:
1416:Battle of Talas
1412:
1351:Battle of Talas
1241:
790:Abd al-Muttalib
685:
535:
507:Islamic history
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351:
344:
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290:
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228:
203:
180:
145:
137:
130:
119:
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110:
67:
65:
55:
43:
32:
29:al-Saffah, Oman
23:
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15:
12:
11:
5:
4337:
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4020:
4015:
4009:Robe of honour
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3996:
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3986:
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3954:
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3935:
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3932:Jund Qinnasrin
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3912:Jund al-Urdunn
3909:
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3889:
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3660:Seljuk sultans
3657:
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3613:
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3578:Jalal al-Dawla
3575:
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3565:
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3555:
3550:
3548:'Adud al-Dawla
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3462:Nasir al-Dawla
3459:
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3342:
3337:
3335:Zanj Rebellion
3332:
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3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3282:
3280:
3278:Samarra period
3271:
3260:
3257:
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2981:
2976:
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2966:
2961:
2959:al-Mustakfi II
2956:
2954:al-Mu'tadid II
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
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2916:
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2896:
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2870:
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2858:
2853:
2851:al-Mustansir I
2848:
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2453:External links
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2404:10.2307/603247
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2017:
1985:Bedrosian 2006
1967:, p. 20.
1949:
1933:
1918:
1911:
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1858:; Basic, USA;
1844:
1827:
1825:Bonner, p. 107
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1430:Tibetan Empire
1414:Main article:
1411:
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1296:of as-Saffah,
1255:rival, caliph
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958:
956:
954:
952:
945:
943:
941:
939:
937:
934:
932:
931:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
915:
913:
911:
909:
907:
905:
903:
901:
899:
897:
894:
892:
891:
889:
887:
885:
883:
881:
879:
877:
875:
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
852:
850:
849:
847:
845:
843:
841:
839:
837:
835:
833:
831:
829:
827:
825:
823:
821:
819:
817:
815:
812:
810:
809:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
793:
786:
784:
782:
780:
778:
775:
773:
772:
770:
768:
766:
764:
762:
760:
758:
756:
754:
752:
750:
748:
746:
744:
742:
740:
738:
735:
733:
732:
730:
723:
721:
719:
717:
715:
684:
681:
534:
531:
428:
427:
416:
412:
411:
408:
404:
403:
390:
386:
385:
380:
374:
373:
370:
369:
335:
334:
326:
325:
323:
322:
317:
314:
310:
308:
302:
301:
296:
292:
291:
288:
286:
282:
281:
273:
269:
268:
255:
251:
250:
247:
246:
241:
237:
236:
234:Umayyad caliph
225:
221:
220:
217:
213:
212:
210:Abbasid Caliph
205:
204:
192:
184:
183:
179:
178:
169:
157:
152:
151:
135:
132:
131:
46:
44:
37:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4336:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4264:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4241:
4234:
4230:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4191:
4183:
4182:Shi'a Century
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4164:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4157:Sunni Revival
4155:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4127:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4119:
4115:
4111:
4104:
4100:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4065:Abna al-dawla
4063:
4062:
4060:
4056:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4030:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3979:Amir al-umara
3977:
3976:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3959:
3955:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3922:Jund Filastin
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3876:
3873:
3872:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3834:
3827:
3823:
3809:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3791:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3774:
3771:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3727:
3724:
3718:
3713:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3692:Malik-Shah II
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3658:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3641:al-Mustarshid
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3617:
3614:
3607:
3605:
3599:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3563:Baha al-Dawla
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3529:
3523:
3520:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3481:
3479:
3473:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3447:Sack of Mecca
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3393:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3362:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3303:al-Mutawakkil
3301:
3299:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3275:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3246:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3154:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3142:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3125:Establishment
3123:
3120:
3113:
3108:
3102:
3099:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3076:
3072:
3065:
3061:
3053:
3046:
3041:
3039:
3034:
3032:
3027:
3026:
3023:
3010:
3004:
3002:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2914:al-Mu'tadid I
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2899:al-Mustakfi I
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2866:
2864:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2816:al-Mustarshid
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2714:al-Mutawakkil
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2634:
2629:
2627:
2622:
2620:
2615:
2614:
2611:
2602:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2571:
2565:
2561:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2539:
2535:
2529:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2511:
2505:
2498:
2493:
2492:
2485:
2484:
2475:
2470:
2466:
2461:
2457:
2456:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2428:
2424:
2423:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2388:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2367:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2343:
2339:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2305:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2274:
2273:
2267:
2263:
2257:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2238:
2233:
2229:
2226:
2225:John Esposito
2222:
2218:
2212:
2208:
2207:
2201:
2197:
2195:0-8047-2630-2
2191:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2118:Kennedy, Hugh
2115:
2111:
2109:9789004097872
2105:
2101:
2100:
2094:
2090:
2084:
2080:
2075:
2073:
2072:9780860787167
2069:
2065:
2061:
2060:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2039:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2025:Al-Kindi 1912
2021:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1957:Bosworth 1989
1953:
1947:, p. 22.
1946:
1945:Ibn Hazm 1982
1942:
1937:
1931:, p. 25.
1930:
1925:
1923:
1914:
1912:9780748630776
1908:
1904:
1897:
1889:
1883:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1848:
1841:
1840:0 7103 0246 0
1837:
1831:
1822:
1813:
1804:
1797:
1793:
1787:
1772:
1768:
1762:
1755:
1749:
1742:
1739:Roberts, J:
1736:
1730:
1729:9780199880416
1726:
1722:
1721:John Esposito
1719:, p. 25. Ed.
1718:
1713:
1711:
1703:
1697:
1691:, p. 10.
1690:
1685:
1679:, p. 74.
1678:
1673:
1667:, p. 55.
1666:
1661:
1659:
1654:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1610:
1608:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1554:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1525:Constantine V
1523:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1491:
1488:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1417:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1364:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1233:
1212:
1211:
1203:
1196:
1195:
1188:
1185:
1177:
1175:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1151:
1143:
1141:
1133:
1131:
1126:
1124:
1105:
1104:
1089:
1087:
1049:
1047:
1028:
1027:
1012:
1010:
972:
970:
951:
950:
935:
933:
895:
893:
873:
869:
868:
853:
851:
813:
811:
792:
791:
776:
774:
736:
734:
729:
728:
713:
710:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
689:
680:
678:
673:
672:
667:
663:
659:
655:
652:and northern
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
626:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
602:
600:
596:
592:
588:
587:
582:
577:
575:
570:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
551:Quraysh tribe
548:
544:
540:
530:
522:
518:
517:
510:
508:
504:
500:
495:
489:
480:
476:
473:
468:
462:
453:
449:
448:
444:
440:
436:
426:
423:
420:
417:
413:
409:
405:
402:
398:
394:
391:
387:
384:
381:
379:
375:
367:
363:
362:
356:
355:
349:
348:
343:: Abu'l-Abbas
342:
341:
336:
331:
327:
321:
318:
315:
312:
311:
309:
307:
303:
300:
297:
293:
287:
283:
279:
274:
270:
266:
256:
252:
248:
245:
242:
238:
235:
231:
226:
222:
218:
214:
211:
206:
202:
200:
196:
190:
185:
182:
176:
175:
170:
167:
166:
161:
160:
159:
156:
153:
142:
139:
128:
125:
117:
106:
103:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82:
78:
75: –
74:
70:
69:Find sources:
63:
59:
53:
52:
47:This article
45:
41:
36:
35:
30:
19:
4314:Arab Muslims
4247:Architecture
4205:Christianity
4167:Twelve Imams
3917:Jund Dimashq
3794:
3773:al-Musta'sim
3761:al-Mustansir
3741:al-Mustanjid
3717:Final period
3716:
3702:Ahmad Sanjar
3677:Malik-Shah I
3636:al-Mustazhir
3602:
3543:Izz al-Dawla
3476:
3261:
3226:Fourth Fitna
3143:
3112:Early period
3111:
3079:
2998:
2989:al-Mustamsik
2979:al-Mustamsik
2969:al-Mustanjid
2939:al-Musta'sim
2934:al-Wathiq II
2924:al-Musta'sim
2860:
2856:al-Musta'sim
2831:al-Mustanjid
2811:al-Mustazhir
2758:
2691:
2661:
2585:
2575:
2574:
2543:
2509:
2496:
2491:Banu Quraish
2489:
2488:Clan of the
2481:
2444:
2421:
2398:(1): 79–91.
2395:
2391:
2380:, retrieved
2375:
2371:
2360:
2337:
2328:
2316:
2303:
2290:
2276:, retrieved
2271:
2250:
2236:
2205:
2180:
2145:
2122:
2098:
2078:
2063:
2057:Bibliography
2048:
2042:
2036:
2020:
1952:
1936:
1902:
1896:
1877:
1871:
1855:
1847:
1830:
1821:
1812:
1803:
1786:
1774:. Retrieved
1770:
1761:
1753:
1748:
1740:
1735:
1701:
1696:
1689:Hoiberg 2010
1684:
1677:Houtsma 1993
1672:
1665:Kennedy 2016
1575:
1562:Isa ibn Musa
1550:
1519:
1515:China proper
1484:
1469:
1461:
1450:
1446:Karluk Turks
1434:Tang dynasty
1421:
1419:
1404:Isa ibn Musa
1396:Dhu al-Hijja
1389:
1381:
1367:
1359:
1331:
1307:
1273:
1242:
1208:
1201:
1192:
1101:
1024:
947:
865:
788:
725:
686:
669:
665:
638:Turkmenistan
627:
618:Zayd ibn Ali
612:in southern
603:
584:
578:
571:
566:
541:(modern-day
536:
520:
511:
474:
432:
431:
364:: Abd Allah
359:
352:
345:
338:
201:
181:
158:
155:
138:
120:
111:
101:
94:
87:
80:
68:
56:Please help
51:verification
48:
4215:Khurramites
4162:Shi'a Islam
4126:Mu'tazilism
3583:Abu Kalijar
3531:Buyid emirs
3422:al-Mustakfi
3402:al-Muqtadir
3381:al-Mu'tadid
3376:al-Muwaffaq
3371:al-Mu'tamid
3318:al-Musta'in
3313:al-Muntasir
3286:al-Mu'tasim
3241:Mu'tazilism
3094:Third Fitna
2949:al-Musta'in
2909:al-Hakim II
2904:al-Wathiq I
2882:(1261–1517)
2781:al-Mustakfi
2754:al-Muqtadir
2744:al-Mu'tadid
2739:al-Mu'tamid
2724:al-Musta'in
2719:al-Muntasir
2704:al-Mu'tasim
2515:8 June 754
2483:Banu Hashim
2382:23 February
2278:23 February
2005:Bonner 1988
1991:, Armenia,
1929:Abbott 1946
1771:BBC Radio 4
1507:Duan Xiushi
1499:Gao Xianzhi
1490:mercenaries
1453:Transoxiana
1438:Talas River
1343:paper mills
683:Family tree
654:Afghanistan
547:Banu Hāshim
357:: al-Saffah
350:: Abd Allah
224:Predecessor
114:August 2008
73:"Al-Saffah"
4309:754 deaths
4304:721 births
4298:Categories
4252:Literature
4177:Qarmatians
4172:Isma'ilism
4080:Commanders
3939:Tabaristan
3806:under the
3746:al-Mustadi
3736:al-Muqtafi
3697:Muhammad I
3672:Alp Arslan
3651:al-Muqtafi
3631:al-Muqtadi
3417:al-Muttaqi
3386:al-Muktafi
3328:al-Muhtadi
3323:al-Mu'tazz
3137:Abu Muslim
3101:Hashimiyya
3080:Background
3056:(750–1258)
2894:al-Hakim I
2836:al-Mustadi
2826:al-Muqtafi
2806:al-Muqtadi
2776:al-Muttaqi
2749:al-Muktafi
2734:al-Muhtadi
2729:al-Mu'tazz
2655:(749–1258)
2550:Hashimiyya
2469:Wikisource
2372:Ghewond's
2329:Al-Ma'arif
1989:Atropatene
1969:Al-Ya'qubi
1965:Bates 2019
1887:1333072457
1796:Bai Shouyi
1776:23 October
1650:References
1598:Ubaydallah
1592:) married
1547:Succession
1363:Abu Muslim
1315:al-Andalus
697:'s uncle,
662:millennial
650:Kyrgyzstan
646:Tajikistan
642:Uzbekistan
503:caliphates
447:ʿal-ʿAbbās
443:ʿAbd Allāh
425:Kaysanites
401:ʿAbd Allāh
347:Given name
265:al-Humayma
261: 721
199:Tarikhnama
84:newspapers
4257:Musicians
4150:Shafi'ism
4145:Hanbalism
4004:Officials
3927:Jund Hims
3830:Geography
3795:Aftermath
3687:Berkyaruq
3646:al-Rashid
3350:Saffarids
3298:al-Wathiq
3231:al-Ma'mun
3209:Barmakids
3156:al-Mansur
3144:al-Saffah
2821:al-Rashid
2709:al-Wathiq
2699:al-Ma'mun
2667:al-Mansur
2662:al-Saffah
2601:al-Mansur
2570:Marwan II
2478:as-Saffah
2465:As-Saffah
2150:Routledge
1602:Arminiyah
1553:al-Mansur
1457:Silk Road
1442:Syr Darya
1355:Samarkand
1284:'Abbassid
1263:north of
1257:Marwan II
1239:Caliphate
1210:al-Mansur
1202:as-Saffah
872:Prophet's
701:(566–653
691:Caliphate
521:al-Saffāḥ
494:al-Saffāḥ
488:romanized
475:al-Saffah
461:romanized
244:al-Mansur
240:Successor
230:Marwan II
144:al-Saffāḥ
18:As-Saffah
4140:Hanafism
4058:Military
3892:Khurasan
3865:Ifriqiya
3840:Arminiya
3756:al-Zahir
3751:al-Nasir
3682:Mahmud I
3626:al-Qa'im
3522:al-Qa'im
3510:al-Qadir
3407:al-Qahir
3395:Collapse
3355:Tulunids
3345:Tahirids
3194:al-Mahdi
2964:al-Qa'im
2846:al-Zahir
2841:al-Nasir
2801:al-Qa'im
2796:al-Qadir
2791:al-Ta'i'
2786:al-Muti'
2766:al-Qahir
2672:al-Mahdi
2538:Muhammad
2443:(1930).
2374:History,
2234:(1916).
2178:(1997).
2144:(2016).
2120:(2004).
2001:Aghuania
1866:. p. 81.
1854:(2008);
1792:Khorasan
1619:al-Mahdi
1613:See also
1590:al-Mahdi
1539:(modern
1537:Camachum
1494:Ferghana
1392:smallpox
1370:Shi'ites
1304:) 751 CE
1269:Damascus
867:al-Abbas
695:Muhammad
630:Khurasān
595:Umayyads
559:Muhammad
435:Muḥammad
415:Religion
393:Muḥammad
316:al-Abbas
313:Muhammad
278:al-Anbar
267:, Jordan
4075:Battles
4070:Ghilman
3999:Mazalim
3845:Bahrayn
3729:Caliphs
3667:Tughril
3619:Caliphs
3505:al-Ta'i
3500:al-Muti
3493:Caliphs
3412:al-Radi
3221:al-Amin
3199:al-Hadi
3068:History
3054:topics
2875:Caliphs
2771:al-Radi
2687:al-Amin
2677:al-Hadi
2652:Baghdad
2648:Caliphs
2589:of the
2548:of the
2544:Eighth
1997:Georgia
1704:2nd ed.
1533:Malatya
1529:Erzurum
1503:Li Siye
1465:Tibetan
1347:Chinese
1265:Baghdad
1253:Umayyad
1194:Ibrahim
707:dynasty
688:Abbasid
671:al-Jafr
539:Humeima
526:السفّاح
490::
483:السفّاح
463::
383:Abbasid
378:Dynasty
148:السفّاح
98:scholar
4200:Dhimmi
4049:Kharaj
4023:Vizier
4018:Shurta
3907:Awasim
3882:Jazira
3606:period
3604:Seljuk
3480:period
3452:Bajkam
3187:Apogee
2587:Caliph
2508:
2429:
2412:603247
2410:
2344:
2258:
2213:
2192:
2164:
2130:
2106:
2085:
2070:
2049:salah.
2044:kharaj
2013:Jazira
1999:, and
1993:Iberia
1981:Łewond
1909:
1884:
1862:
1838:
1727:
1607:Lubana
1572:Legacy
1487:Karluk
1378:caliph
1294:Dirham
874:uncle)
677:Persia
666:mahdi.
658:Hishām
622:Husayn
599:Shi'as
581:hadith
567:caliph
563:'Abbās
555:Hāshim
543:Jordan
479:Arabic
452:Arabic
407:Mother
389:Father
295:Spouse
285:Burial
280:, Iraq
195:Balami
100:
93:
86:
79:
71:
4193:Other
4130:Mihna
4118:Islam
4044:Iqta'
4039:Diwan
4013:tiraz
3994:Harem
3989:Hajib
3984:Barid
3944:Yemen
3902:Syria
3897:Sindh
3887:Jibal
3875:Sawad
3860:Hejaz
3855:Egypt
3850:Barqa
3478:Buyid
3245:Mihna
2879:Cairo
2510:Died:
2497:Born:
2408:JSTOR
2038:salah
1594:Rayta
1558:Mecca
1479:Taraz
1374:Alids
591:Islam
586:mahdi
516:laqab
472:laqab
422:Islam
361:Nasab
354:Laqab
340:Kunya
333:Names
320:Rayta
306:Issue
289:Anbar
216:Reign
105:JSTOR
91:books
4135:Fiqh
4128:and
4085:Wars
4011:and
3870:Iraq
3243:and
2546:Imam
2536:ibn
2502:721
2427:ISBN
2384:2020
2342:ISBN
2280:2020
2256:ISBN
2211:ISBN
2190:ISBN
2162:ISBN
2128:ISBN
2104:ISBN
2083:ISBN
2068:ISBN
1907:ISBN
1882:ISBN
1860:ISBN
1836:ISBN
1778:2016
1725:ISBN
1586:heir
1383:imam
1335:Jews
1298:Kufa
1280:Iraq
1276:Kufa
1249:Iraq
1245:Kufa
634:Iran
614:Iraq
610:Kufa
561:via
512:His
445:ibn
441:ibn
439:ʿAlī
437:ibn
419:Shia
399:ibn
397:ʿAlī
395:ibn
272:Died
254:Born
208:1st
77:news
2877:of
2650:of
2467:at
2400:doi
2396:108
2154:doi
1584:as
505:in
366:ibn
232:as
197:'s
60:by
4300::
2517:CE
2513:c.
2504:CE
2500:c.
2406:.
2394:.
2188:.
2160:.
2152:.
2081:.
1979:.
1921:^
1769:.
1709:^
1657:^
1609:.
1357:.
1337:,
1302:AH
703:CE
648:,
644:,
640:,
569:.
509:.
485:,
481::
458:,
454::
258:c.
3044:e
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3030:v
3003:)
2999:(
2865:)
2861:(
2632:e
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2618:v
2435:.
2414:.
2402::
2350:.
2264:.
2219:.
2198:.
2170:.
2156::
2136:.
2112:.
2091:.
2015:.
1995:/
1983:(
1971:(
1915:.
1890:.
1780:.
1481:.
870:(
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