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position, where the gun towing and logistic vehicles are concealed. Technical control is by the Gun
Position Officer (GPO, a lieutenant) who is also the reconnaissance officer. The battery has two Command Posts (CP), one active and one alternate, the latter provides back-up in the event of casualties, but primarily moves with the preparation party to the next gun position and becomes the main CP there. Each CP is controlled by a Command Post Officer (CPO) who is usually a Lieutenant, 2nd Lieutenant or Warrant Officer Class 2. Gun positions may be "tight", perhaps 150 m Γ 150 m (490 ft Γ 490 ft) when the counter battery threat is low, or gun manoeuver areas, where pairs of self-propelled guns move around a far larger area, if the counter-battery threat is high.
750:
closely resembled naval cannon of their day, "garrison carriages," like naval carriages, were short, heavy, and had four small wheels meant for rolling on relatively smooth, hard surfaces. Later, both naval and garrison carriages evolved traversing platforms and pivoting mounts. Such mounts were typically used in forts, or permanent defensive batteries, such as coastal artillery. Fixed batteries could be equipped with much larger guns than field artillery units could transport, and the gun emplacement was only one part of an extensive installation that included magazines and systems to deliver ammunition from the magazines to the guns. Improvements in mobile artillery, naval and ground; air attack; and precision guided weapons have limited fixed position's usefulness.
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594:, or mortar types. A siege could involve many batteries at different sites around the besieged place. The term also came to be used for a group of cannons in a fixed fortification, for coastal or frontier defence. During the 18th century "battery" began to be used as an organizational term for a permanent unit of artillery in peace and war, although horse artillery sometimes used "troop" and fixed position artillery "company". They were usually organised with between 6 and 12 ordnance pieces, often including cannon and howitzers. By the late 19th century "battery" had become standard mostly replacing company or troop.
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730:
gun. The introduction of indirect fire in the early 20th century necessitated two other groups, firstly observers who deployed some distance forward of the gun line, secondly a small staff on the gun position to undertake the calculations to convert the orders from the observers into data that could be set on the gun sights. This in turn led to the need for signalers, which further increased as the need to concentrate the fire of dispersed batteries emerged and the introduction fire control staff at artillery headquarters above the batteries.
619:
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25:
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1283:(FDC), which computes firing solutions based on map coordinates, receives fire requests and feedback from observers and infantry units, and communicates directions to the firing section. It also receives commands from higher headquarters (i.e. the battalion FDC sends commands to the FDCs of all three of its batteries for the purpose of synchronizing a barrage).
1418:
observation teams that deploy with the supported arm. In these armies the guns may be split into several fire units, which may deploy dispersed over an extended area or be concentrated into a single position. It some cases batteries have operationally deployed as six totally separate guns, although sections (pairs) are more usual.
1089:
of weapons of multiple calibers being arranged somewhat haphazardly about a vessel, many in mounts on the hull or superstructure with limited travel. Confusion also arose when combinations of large caliber "main battery" and smaller "secondary battery" weapons of mixed offensive and defensive use were deployed.
1154:, which carried a main battery of eight 380 mm (15 in) guns, a secondary battery of twelve 150 mm (5.9 in) guns for defense against destroyers and torpedo boats, as well as a tertiary battery of various anti-aircraft guns ranging in caliber from 105-to-20 mm (4.13-to-0.79 in).
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were also used to house their main batteries on rotating mounts. Both designs allowed naval engineers to dramatically reduce the number of guns present in the battery, by giving a handful of guns the ability to concentrate on either side of the ship. In time this trend reversed, with a proliferation
729:
From the late 19th century field artillery batteries started to become more complex organisations. First they needed the capability to carry adequate ammunition, typically each gun could only carry about 40 rounds in its limber so additional wagons were added to the battery, typically about two per
682:
The number of guns, howitzers, mortars or launchers in an organizational battery has also varied, with the calibre of guns usually being an important consideration. In the 19th century four to 12 guns was usual as the optimum number to maneuver into the gun line. By the late 19th century, a mountain
1311:
The basic field organization being the "gun group" and the "tactical group". The former being reconnaissance and survey, guns, command posts, logistic and equipment support elements, the latter being the battery commander and observation teams that deploy with the supported arm. In these armies the
1410:
Artillery
Section (6) β 10 Marines, led by the Section Chief (SSGT), with a Gunner (SGT), two Assistant Gunners (CPL), five Cannoneers (PVT-LCPL), and a Motor Vehicle Operator (LCPL) to operate and maintain the prime mover (i.e., truck used to tow the artillery piece and transport the gun crew and
1319:
The gun group is commanded by the
Battery Captain (BK), the battery's second-in-command. However this position has no technical responsibilities, its primary concern is administration, including ammunition supply, local defence and is based in the "wagon-lines" a short distance from the actual gun
725:
In the 20th century it varied between four and 12 for field artillery (even 16 if mortars), or even two pieces for very heavy pieces. Other types of artillery such as anti-tank or anti-aircraft have sometimes been larger. Some batteries have been "dual-equipped" with two different types of gun or
1315:
A battery commander, or "BC" is a Major (like his infantry company commander counterpart). However, in these armies the battery commander leads the "tactical group" and is usually located with the headquarters of the infantry or armoured unit the battery is supporting. Increasingly these direct
849:
Within NATO member nations, it is typical to label company sized organizations of artillery as "batteries." NATO defines a company as "larger than a platoon, but smaller than a battalion" while being a "unit consisting of two or more platoons, usually of the same type, with a headquarters and a
749:
Fixed artillery refers to guns or howitzers on mounts that were either anchored in one spot (though capable of being moved for purposes of traverse and elevation), or on carriages intended to be moved only for the purposes of aiming, and not for tactical repositioning. Historical versions often
1417:
Other armies can be significantly different, however. For example: the basic field organization being the "gun group" and the "tactical group". The former being reconnaissance and survey, guns, command posts, logistic, and equipment support elements, the latter being the battery commander and
597:
In the 20th century the term was generally used for the company level sub-unit of an artillery branch including field, air-defence, anti-tank and position (coastal and frontier defences). 20th-century firing batteries have been equipped with mortars, guns, howitzers, rockets and missiles.
1316:
support battery commanders are responsible for the orchestration of all forms of fire support (mortars, attack helicopters, other aircraft and naval gunfire) as well as artillery. General support battery commanders are likely to be at brigade or higher headquarters.
1312:
guns may be split into several fire units, which may deploy dispersed over an extended area or be concentrated into a single position. In some cases batteries have operationally deployed as six totally separate guns, although sections (pairs) are more usual.
675:
Batteries also have sub-divisions, which vary across armies and periods but often translate into the
English "platoon" or "troop" with individual ordnance systems called a "section" or "sub-section", where a section comprises two artillery pieces.
589:
Historically the term "battery" referred to a cluster of cannon in action as a group, either in a temporary field position during a battle or at the siege of a fortress or a city. Such batteries could be a mixture of cannon,
1307:
Headquarters batteries, which themselves have no artillery pieces, but are rather the command and control organization for a group of firing batteries (for example, a regimental or battalion headquarters battery).
1276:, which includes the individual gun sections. Each gun section is typically led by a staff sergeant (US Army Enlisted pay grade E-6); the firing section as a whole is usually led by a lieutenant and a senior NCO.
1252:
Headquarters batteries, which themselves have no artillery pieces, but are rather the command and control organization for a group of firing batteries (for example, a regimental or battalion headquarters
1099:. It shipped a main battery of ten heavy caliber guns, and a smaller secondary battery for self-defense. This leap in heavy offensive armament from a standard four large caliber guns to a
710:, although this varied. Batteries were divided into sections of two guns apiece, each section normally under the command of a lieutenant. The full battery was typically commanded by a
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some armies started grouping their batteries into larger administrative and field units. Groups of batteries combined for field combat employment called
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role. In addition, dedicated light-caliber rapid-fire anti-aircraft weapons were deployed, often in the scores. An example of this combination was the
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in composition. To further concentrate fire of individual batteries, from World War I they were grouped into "artillery divisions" in a few armies.
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it could unleash, and overwhelming rate of fire a superior number of similar weapons could sustain, could overwhelm any similarly sized warship.
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A third, or tertiary battery, of weapons lighter than the secondary battery was typically mounted. To simplify the design many later ships used
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Headquarters
Section β Platoon Commander/Battery XO (1stLt), Battery Gunnery Sergeant (GySgt), and Local Security Chief/Platoon Sergeant (SSGT)
1055:, sometimes spread over several decks. This remained the standard main weapon layout for centuries, until the mid-19th century evolution of the
1347:
During the Cold War NATO batteries that were dedicated to a nuclear role generally operated as "sections" comprising a single gun or launcher.
1177:(3.0 in) used for close defense against surface combatants and shore bombardment are among the last traditional naval guns still in use.
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to combine the functions of the secondary battery and the heavier guns of the tertiary batteries. Many dual-purpose guns also served in an
742:
64-pounder rifled muzzle-loader (RML) gun on
Moncrieff disappearing mount, at Scaur Hill Fort, a fixed battery of coastal artillery in
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Modern
Artillery in the Field: A Description of the Artillery of the Field Army, and the Principles and Methods of Its Employment
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The United
Kingdom and Commonwealth forces have classified batteries according to the caliber of the guns. Typically:
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for both offensive and defensive actions. Small caliber guns are retained for niche roles, such as the multi-barrel
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554:, as well as to provide dispersion for its constituent gunnery crews and their systems. The term is also used in a
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Fire
Direction Center β 9 Marines, led by the Fire Direction Officer (FDO) (1stLT) and the Operations Chief (SSGT)
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Battery
Operations Center β 5 Marines, led by the Assistant XO/FDO (2ndLt) and an Operations Assistant (SGT)
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Various more specialised types, such as anti-aircraft, missile, or Multiple Launch Rocket System batteries
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Heavy batteries, which are equipped with guns of 203 mm or larger calibre, but are now very rare; and
1361:(Battery Organization consisting of 147 Marines and Navy personnel, per Table of Organization T/O 1113G)
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714:. Often, particularly as the war progressed, individual batteries were grouped into battalions under a
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155mm Howitzer Battery, Artillery Battalion, Artillery Regiment, Marine Division, Fleet Marine Force
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Groupings of mortars, when they are not operated by artillery, are usually referred to as platoons.
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The rank of a battery commander has also varied, but is usually a lieutenant, captain, or major.
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French Napoleonic artillery battery. Photo taken during the 200th anniversary reenactment of the
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35:
1220:, generally a towed howitzer battery has six guns, whereas a self-propelled battery (such as an
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This began to be resolved with the 1906 launching of the revolutionary "all big gun" battleship
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Medium batteries, equipped with larger calibres, up to 155 mm howitzers or equivalent
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symbol for a company consists of a single vertical line placed above a framed unit icon.
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mortar, and taking whichever was more appropriate when they deployed for operations.
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or six to nine rocket launchers and 100 to 200 personnel and is the equivalent of a
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Maintenance Section β 11 Marines, led by the Battery Motor Transport Chief (GySgt)
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and these developed into tactical organisations. These were further grouped into
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Conventional artillery as a vessel's battery has been largely displaced by
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Forward Observer Team (3) β 4 Marines, led by a Forward Observer (2ndLT)
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Headquarters Section β Battery CO (Capt), Battery 1stSgt, plus 3 Marines
1043:"Battery" is a relatively modern term at sea. Advanced warships in the
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Medium batteries, equipped with 155 mm howitzers or equivalent;
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Ammunition Section β 17 Marines, led by the Ammunition Chief (SSGT)
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Other armies can be significantly different, however. For example:
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Light batteries, equipped with 105 mm howitzers or equivalent;
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The first operational use of a rotating turret was on the American
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702:, artillery batteries often consisted of six field pieces for the
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Liaison Team β 5 Marines, led by the Observer Liaison Chief (SGT)
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Communications Section β16 Marines, led by the Radio Chief (SSGT)
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sometimes had completely different organizational terms based on
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Light batteries, equipped with 105 mm howitzers or smaller
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of ten made all other battleships obsolete overnight, as the
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1502:. NATO Standardization Office. October 2017. pp. 3β67.
1488:. NATO Standardization Office. October 2017. pp. 3β67.
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1268:. A US Army battery is divided into the following units:
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Liaison Section β led by the Liaison Officer (1stLt)
660:, that may be wholly composed of artillery units or
1224:battery) contains eight. They are subdivided into:
644:Administratively batteries were usually grouped in
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
858:Names for batteries in NATO member armed forces
850:limited capacity for self-support." The standard
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1051:, mounted dozens of similar cannons grouped in
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691:. The gun line consisted of six guns (five
1377:Medical Section β 3 Navy Hospital Corpsmen
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1257:The battery is typically commanded by a
1237:Various more specialized types, such as
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1688:French Artillery of the Napoleonic Wars
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558:context to describe groups of guns on
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1300:Heavy batteries, with larger calibres
1261:in US forces and is equivalent to an
823:a surface to surface missile battery
683:artillery battery was divided into a
143:
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1500:APP-6D NATO Joint Military Symbology
1486:APP-6D NATO Joint Military Symbology
1201:In modern battery organization, the
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
695:to a gun) and 12 ammunition mules.
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13:
1114:Cut-away illustration of a triple
14:
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518:is a unit or multiple systems of
1467:. NATO. May 2011. Archived from
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1461:APP-6C Joint Military Symbology
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803:A mechanized artillery battery
34:needs additional citations for
16:Artillery unit size designation
1708:Artillery units and formations
1670:Bethell, Henry Arthur (1911).
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1247:Multiple Launch Rocket System
1121:. Three of these formed the
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1181:Modern battery organization
536:surface-to-surface missiles
172:Army units and organization
10:
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1354:United States Marine Corps
1191:2nd Battalion 11th Marines
245:/ Echelon ββββ
1173:5-inch (130 mm) and
1171:5"/54 caliber Mark 45 gun
614:which took place in 1805.
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484:Battalion tactical group
125:Remains of a battery of
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1713:Fortifications by type
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783:An artillery battery
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1676:. London: Macmillan.
1428:Field artillery team
670:shore defence sector
656:, simply "group" or
612:battle of Austerlitz
43:improve this article
1703:Artillery batteries
1105:weight of broadside
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574:A coast battery in
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1239:anti-aircraft
1236:
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1227:
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1203:military unit
1196:
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1187:
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1167:point defense
1164:
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1142:
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1120:
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1082:John Ericsson
1079:
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786:
782:
781:
777:
771:
767:
766:
763:
760:
759:
751:
745:
740:
734:Fixed battery
731:
727:
723:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
696:
694:
690:
686:
680:
677:
673:
671:
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663:
662:combined arms
659:
655:
651:
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642:
641:by Napoleon.
640:
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628:
624:
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608:
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581:
577:
576:Crawfordsburn
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469:Flying column
467:
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464:Brigade group
462:
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91:
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81:
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70:
67:
63:
60: β
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1672:
1656:APP-6D, B-30
1652:
1647:APP-6D, B-11
1643:
1638:APP-6D, B-26
1634:
1629:APP-6D, B-25
1625:
1620:APP-6D, B-24
1616:
1611:APP-6D, B-23
1607:
1602:APP-6D, B-20
1598:
1593:APP-6D, B-19
1589:
1580:
1575:APP-6D, B-13
1571:
1566:APP-6D, B-10
1562:
1553:
1544:
1535:
1526:
1517:
1508:
1499:
1494:
1485:
1480:
1469:the original
1460:
1454:
1447:Bethell 1911
1442:
1416:
1360:
1357:
1349:
1346:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1289:
1286:
1256:
1215:
1200:
1163:Phalanx CIWS
1156:
1150:
1138:
1127:
1123:main battery
1101:main battery
1095:
1091:
1072:
1065:
1042:
1036:
975:Netherlands
848:
748:
728:
724:
697:
681:
678:
674:
643:
632:
596:
588:
515:
509:
421:
405:
389:
364:
352:
336:
310:
307:
291:
271:
263:
198:
181:Subordinated
105:
99:January 2013
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1584:APP-6D, B-8
1530:APP-6D B-14
1512:APP-6D B-31
1272:The firing
1189:I Battery,
1133:battleships
1096:Dreadnought
1061:gun turrets
1057:naval rifle
1045:Age of Sail
1025:Naval usage
999:Portuguese
698:During the
633:During the
625:battery at
580:County Down
499:Combat team
489:Battlegroup
454:Field force
135:County Cork
1697:Categories
1664:References
1557:APP-6D B-7
1548:APP-6D B-6
1539:APP-6D B-5
1521:APP-6D B-4
1249:batteries.
1119:gun turret
1053:broadsides
1037:Redoutable
967:Lithuania
704:Union Army
646:battalions
623:60-pounder
566:Land usage
494:Group army
459:Task force
439:Detachment
398:Army group
382:Field army
69:newspapers
1411:baggage).
1253:battery).
1207:howitzers
1094:HMS
1086:barbettes
1071:USS
978:Batterij
970:Baterija
962:Batteria
946:Batterie
938:Batterie
895:Canadian
887:Bulgaria
874:Batterie
863:American
654:regiments
650:squadrons
526:systems,
520:artillery
432:Temporary
318:Formation
280:Battalion
1422:See also
1341:al-Qa'im
1327:A joint
1263:infantry
1151:Bismarck
1068:ironclad
1018:Batarya
1010:Bateria
1002:Bateria
994:Bateria
986:Batteri
959:Italian
951:Hungary
930:Patteri
927:Finland
922:Patarei
919:Estonia
914:Batteri
911:Denmark
906:Baterie
898:Battery
882:Battery
879:British
871:Belgium
866:Battery
685:gun line
658:brigades
592:howitzer
560:warships
345:Division
300:Regiment
284:Squadron
268:Squadron
221: ββ
191:Fireteam
1274:section
1266:company
1259:captain
1243:missile
1216:In the
1211:company
1084:. Open
1073:Monitor
1015:Turkey
991:Polish
983:Norway
943:German
935:French
744:Bermuda
720:colonel
712:captain
687:and an
672:areas.
418:Theater
386:Command
375:Command
325:Brigade
264:Battery
260:Company
243:Staffel
227:Platoon
215:Section
183:element
131:Youghal
83:scholar
1335:, and
1333:French
1197:, 2003
1130:-class
1007:Spain
629:, 1917
524:mortar
449:Patrol
424:
422:ββββββ
420:
414:Region
408:
404:
392:
388:
367:
363:
355:
351:
349:Legion
339:
335:
306:
294:
290:
288:Cohort
274:
270:
235:Flight
219:Patrol
201:
197:
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1472:(PDF)
1465:(PDF)
1434:Notes
1329:Iraqi
1245:, or
954:Γteg
716:major
693:mules
627:Arras
556:naval
514:, an
444:Chalk
406:βββββ
402:Front
361:Corps
329:Group
308:β β β
304:Group
231:Troop
207:Squad
90:JSTOR
76:books
1337:U.S.
1279:The
1222:M109
1195:Iraq
1128:Iowa
852:NATO
754:NATO
550:and
390:ββββ
333:Wing
253:Unit
195:Crew
62:news
1193:in
1125:of
1080:by
718:or
510:In
365:βββ
292:β β
129:at
45:by
1699::
1331:,
1241:,
582:,
578:,
562:.
542:,
538:,
534:,
530:,
522:,
416:/
400:/
384:/
353:ββ
347:/
331:/
327:/
302:/
286:/
282:/
266:/
262:/
233:/
229:/
217:/
193:/
133:,
1135:.
337:β
272:β
199:Γ
163:e
156:t
149:v
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:Β·
80:Β·
73:Β·
66:Β·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
