998:
52:
986:
39:
755:
In Nepal, the plant is used as an offering to the gods, for cleansing the environment (by sweeping floors or hanging a bundle outside the home), as incense, and also as a medicinal plant.
1450:"Significance of Artemisia Vulgaris L. (Common Mugwort) in the History of Medicine and Its Possible Contemporary Applications Substantiated by Phytochemical and Pharmacological Studies"
1057:
859:
was referred to as the "mother of herbs" and has been widely used in the traditional
Chinese, European, and Hindu medicine. It possesses a wide range of supposed
793:
system. Rather than depending on seed dispersal, it spreads through vegetative expansion and the anthropogenic dispersal of root rhizome fragments. The
1895:
1117:
2104:
1970:
1189:
733:
weed. It is a very common plant growing on low-nitrogen soils, such as waste places, roadsides and other weedy and uncultivated areas.
2065:
789:
growing 1–2 m (3 ft 3 in – 6 ft 7 in) (rarely 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in)) tall, with an extensive
745:
ales, a type of unhopped, fermented grain beverage. In
Vietnam as well as in Germany, mugwort is used in cooking as an aromatic herb.
809:
hairs on the underside. The erect stems are grooved and often have a red-purplish tinge. The
Ukrainian name for mugwort, чорнобиль (
1833:
1028:
1908:
1846:
1565:
1936:
1356:
1226:
1074:
2044:
2221:
1913:
1080:
2211:
2201:
1380:
834:. The outer flowers in each capitulum are female and the inner ones bisexual. It flowers from midsummer to early autumn.
1794:
1611:
1448:
Ekiert, Halina; Pajor, Joanna; Klin, Paweł; Rzepiela, Agnieszka; Ślesak, Halina; Szopa, Agnieszka (25 September 2020).
1328:
2216:
2206:
1019:
19:
This article is about the plant most often known as mugwort in the
British Isles. For similar species and uses, see
2145:
1975:
1882:
2140:
2083:
1957:
1601:
1825:
1812:
1660:
1392:
Calcagno, Vincent; Bonhomme, Vincent; Thomas, Yan; Singer, Michael C.; Bourguet, Denis (7 September 2010).
1734:
2091:
1699:
1714:
2191:
2078:
1394:"Divergence in behaviour between the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis , and its sibling species
1851:
51:
1985:
1931:
1109:
1066:
726:
1949:
1512:"Phytochemical and pharmacological activities of methanol extract of Artemisia vulgaris L. leaves"
2231:
1820:
1760:
2155:
2070:
2034:
1588:
1900:
1807:
1622:
2011:
1216:
1193:
951:
892:
168:
817:
gets its name from the plant. The small yellow or brown rayless flower heads are 5 mm (
1874:
1768:
1095:
8:
2226:
2029:
1593:
843:
1671:
997:
2163:
1578:
1541:
1484:
1449:
1422:
1393:
1351:(Fourth ed.). Middlewood Green, Suffolk, U.K.: C & M Floristics. p. 790.
896:
802:
192:
46:
2109:
2057:
1562:
1321:
Wild flowers of
Britain and Ireland: The Complete Guide to the British and Irish Flora
2006:
1742:
1573:
1545:
1533:
1489:
1471:
1427:
1376:
1352:
1324:
1222:
1070:
868:
643:
145:
2168:
1523:
1479:
1461:
1417:
1409:
1294:
1243:
1169:
1131:
876:
730:
1747:
1704:
1993:
1691:
1569:
919:
884:
880:
860:
786:
634:
89:
2132:
2096:
2021:
1962:
1923:
741:
Traditionally, it has been used as one of the flavoring and bittering agents of
2196:
2052:
1528:
759:
76:
1681:
1510:
Thangjam, Nurpen Meitei; Taijong, Jasmina; Kumar, Awadhesh (9 November 2020).
1466:
2185:
1799:
1537:
1511:
1475:
931:
927:
915:
888:
714:
184:
1116:. Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Ohio State University.
828:
658:
is the species most often called mugwort. It is also occasionally known as
1645:
1493:
1431:
1413:
1344:
718:
710:
2122:
1944:
1859:
1724:
1654:
1582:
955:
872:
838:
647:
1998:
985:
1838:
979:
959:
943:
900:
864:
782:
638:
135:
1218:
The
Nepalese Shamanic Path: Practices for Negotiating the Spirit World
954:, among many others. Examples of the phytochemicals include vulgarin,
1864:
1781:
1607:
975:
923:
814:
806:
763:
695:
125:
1616:
1174:
1154:
38:
2117:
1639:
971:
963:
935:
831:
115:
102:
1887:
1786:
1268:
1032:
1755:
1292:
967:
947:
798:
790:
767:
651:
630:
20:
1773:
939:
758:
The dried leaves are often smoked or drunk as a tea to promote
722:
698:). Mugworts have been used medicinally and as culinary herbs.
813:) transliterates as "black stalk", and the Ukrainian city of
742:
63:
1391:
922:
properties. The phytochemicals belong to classes including
794:
1447:
1402:
Proceedings of the Royal
Society B: Biological Sciences
827: in) long, radially symmetrical and arranged in
1509:
752:are a seasonal vegetable often used in stir fries.
1318:
1110:"Ohio Perennial and Biennial Weed Guide: Mugwort
797:are 5–20 cm (2–8 in) long, dark green,
2183:
1244:"How to Use Mugwort for Dreams, Sleep, and More"
748:In China, the crunchy stalks of young shoots of
1152:
1190:"Information Officee of Shanghai Municipality"
906:
850:
847:feed on the leaves and flowers of the plant.
729:in North America, where some consider it an
641:. It is one of several species in the genus
1319:Blamey, M.; Fitter, R.; Fitter, A (2003).
37:
1527:
1483:
1465:
1421:
1173:
1398: : adaptation to human harvesting?"
1323:. London: A & C Black. p. 284.
1029:Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland
996:
984:
1293:New York Invasive Species Information.
2184:
1312:
1215:Rysdyk, Evelyn C. (19 February 2019).
1214:
1059:English Names for Korean Native Plants
16:Medicinal herb known as common mugwort
1621:
1620:
1505:
1503:
1443:
1441:
1343:
1337:
1241:
1155:"The biology of Canadian weeds. 118.
1153:Barney, J. N.; DiTommaso, A. (2002).
1012:
2146:a66eba5c-1401-42e7-bd8e-751a6e4b9163
1986:255334e2-767c-416f-b185-93edf8207e01
1018:
766:effect is reported to be due to the
13:
1612:University of California, Berkeley
1500:
1438:
1242:Szaro, Melissa (4 December 2020).
14:
2243:
1556:
1371:Parnell, J. and Curtis, T. 2012.
1162:Canadian Journal of Plant Science
1120:from the original on 19 May 2011.
1563:Mugwort in 'The complete herbal'
841:(butterflies and moths) such as
50:
2084:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:20812-2
1385:
1365:
1286:
701:
1349:New Flora of the British Isles
1261:
1235:
1208:
1182:
1146:
1124:
1102:
1050:
918:which are responsible for its
773:
1:
1005:
7:
2222:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
10:
2248:
2212:Medicinal plants of Africa
2202:Medicinal plants of Europe
1529:10.1186/s40816-020-00214-8
974:, and some derivatives of
907:Phytochemical constituents
851:Pharmacological properties
18:
1629:
1579:Mugwort 'A modern herbal'
1467:10.3390/molecules25194415
694:(not to be confused with
290:Artemisia paniculaeformis
198:
191:
174:
167:
47:Scientific classification
45:
36:
29:
2217:Plants described in 1753
2207:Medicinal plants of Asia
1568:13 November 2022 at the
1067:Korea National Arboretum
770:contained in the plant.
1375:Cork University Press.
1269:"Oneirogens - BurnZero"
736:
306:Artemisia quadripedalis
1414:10.1098/rspb.2010.0433
1373:Webb's An Irish Flora.
1221:. Simon and Schuster.
1002:
994:
952:sesquiterpene lactones
1516:Clinical Phytoscience
1069:. 2015. p. 361.
1000:
988:
805:, with dense, white,
274:Artemisia officinalis
258:Artemisia ibukijomogi
1589:"Artemisia vulgaris"
1132:"Plants profile for
1096:Korea Forest Service
914:houses a variety of
637:in the daisy family
577:H.M.Hall & Clem.
457:H.M.Hall & Clem.
322:Artemisia samamisica
298:Artemisia parviflora
229:hort.pest. ex Steud.
1594:Plants for a Future
1408:(1694): 2703–2709.
1396:Ostrinia scapulalis
844:Ostrinia scapulalis
837:Several species of
314:Artemisia ruderalis
266:Artemisia jaxartica
242:Artemisia eriophora
234:Artemisia coarctata
2035:Artemisia vulgaris
2022:Artemisia_vulgaris
1661:Artemisia vulgaris
1631:Artemisia vulgaris
1603:Artemisia vulgaris
1157:Artemisia vulgaris
1136:(common wormwood)"
1134:Artemisia vulgaris
1112:Artemisia vulgaris
1003:
1001:Lower side of leaf
995:
897:antihyperlipidemic
668:chrysanthemum weed
660:riverside wormwood
656:Artemisia vulgaris
622:Artemisia vulgaris
603:Artemisia vulgaris
594:Artemisia vulgaris
582:Artemisia vulgaris
570:Artemisia vulgaris
558:Artemisia vulgaris
546:Artemisia vulgaris
534:Artemisia vulgaris
522:Artemisia vulgaris
510:Artemisia vulgaris
498:Artemisia vulgaris
486:Artemisia vulgaris
474:Artemisia vulgaris
462:Artemisia vulgaris
450:Artemisia vulgaris
438:Artemisia vulgaris
426:Artemisia vulgaris
414:Artemisia vulgaris
409:(Forselles) Hartm.
402:Artemisia vulgaris
390:Artemisia vulgaris
378:Artemisia vulgaris
366:Artemisia vulgaris
354:Artemisia vulgaris
338:Artemisia violacea
282:Artemisia opulenta
250:Artemisia heyneana
245:Schltdl. ex Ledeb.
210:Absinthium vulgare
178:Artemisia vulgaris
31:Artemisia vulgaris
2192:Artemisia (genus)
2179:
2178:
2007:Open Tree of Life
1623:Taxon identifiers
1358:978-1-5272-2630-2
1228:978-1-62055-795-2
1076:978-89-97450-98-5
869:anti-inflammatory
618:
617:
611:
590:
578:
566:
554:
542:
530:
518:
506:
494:
482:
470:
458:
446:
434:
422:
410:
398:
386:
374:
362:
350:
342:
334:
330:Artemisia superba
326:
318:
310:
302:
294:
286:
278:
270:
262:
254:
246:
238:
230:
226:Artemisia apetala
222:
218:Artemisia affinis
214:
204:
2239:
2172:
2171:
2159:
2158:
2149:
2148:
2136:
2135:
2126:
2125:
2113:
2112:
2100:
2099:
2087:
2086:
2074:
2073:
2061:
2060:
2048:
2047:
2038:
2037:
2025:
2024:
2015:
2014:
2002:
2001:
1989:
1988:
1979:
1978:
1966:
1965:
1963:NBNSYS0000004469
1953:
1952:
1940:
1939:
1927:
1926:
1917:
1916:
1904:
1903:
1891:
1890:
1878:
1877:
1868:
1867:
1855:
1854:
1842:
1841:
1829:
1828:
1816:
1815:
1803:
1802:
1790:
1789:
1777:
1776:
1764:
1763:
1751:
1750:
1738:
1737:
1728:
1727:
1718:
1717:
1708:
1707:
1695:
1694:
1685:
1684:
1675:
1674:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1618:
1617:
1610:photo database,
1598:
1550:
1549:
1531:
1507:
1498:
1497:
1487:
1469:
1445:
1436:
1435:
1425:
1389:
1383:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1196:on 26 April 2021
1192:. Archived from
1186:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1093:
1091:
1085:
1079:. Archived from
1064:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1037:
1031:. Archived from
1026:
1016:
893:antihypertensive
877:hepatoprotective
863:uses, including
826:
825:
821:
762:. This supposed
692:St. John's plant
680:sailor's tobacco
610:Brügger ex Corb.
609:
588:
576:
564:
552:
540:
528:
517:Turcz. ex Besser
516:
504:
492:
480:
468:
456:
444:
432:
420:
408:
396:
384:
372:
360:
358:articulatopilosa
348:
346:Artemisia virens
340:
332:
324:
316:
308:
300:
292:
284:
276:
268:
260:
252:
244:
236:
228:
220:
212:
202:
180:
160:A. vulgaris
55:
54:
41:
27:
26:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2167:
2162:
2154:
2152:
2144:
2139:
2131:
2129:
2121:
2116:
2108:
2103:
2095:
2090:
2082:
2077:
2069:
2064:
2056:
2051:
2043:
2041:
2033:
2028:
2020:
2018:
2010:
2005:
1997:
1994:Observation.org
1992:
1984:
1982:
1974:
1969:
1961:
1956:
1948:
1943:
1935:
1930:
1922:
1921:MichiganFlora:
1920:
1912:
1907:
1899:
1894:
1886:
1881:
1873:
1871:
1863:
1858:
1850:
1845:
1837:
1832:
1824:
1819:
1811:
1806:
1798:
1793:
1785:
1780:
1772:
1767:
1759:
1754:
1746:
1741:
1733:
1731:
1723:
1721:
1713:
1711:
1703:
1698:
1690:
1688:
1680:
1678:
1670:
1668:
1659:
1658:
1653:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1625:
1587:
1570:Wayback Machine
1559:
1554:
1553:
1508:
1501:
1446:
1439:
1390:
1386:
1381:978-185918-4783
1370:
1366:
1359:
1342:
1338:
1331:
1317:
1313:
1303:
1301:
1291:
1287:
1277:
1275:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1252:
1250:
1240:
1236:
1229:
1213:
1209:
1199:
1197:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1175:10.4141/P01-098
1151:
1147:
1140:PLANTS USDA.gov
1130:
1129:
1125:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1077:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1041:
1039:
1038:on 26 June 2015
1035:
1024:
1017:
1013:
1008:
920:pharmacological
909:
885:antinociceptive
881:antispasmolytic
861:pharmacological
853:
823:
819:
818:
787:perennial plant
776:
739:
704:
696:St. John's wort
676:old Uncle Henry
635:flowering plant
614:
397:V.P.Ameljczenko
206:
205:
187:
182:
176:
163:
49:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2245:
2235:
2234:
2232:Abortifacients
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2169:wfo-0000115588
2160:
2150:
2137:
2127:
2114:
2101:
2088:
2075:
2062:
2049:
2039:
2026:
2016:
2003:
1990:
1980:
1967:
1954:
1941:
1928:
1918:
1905:
1892:
1879:
1869:
1856:
1843:
1830:
1817:
1804:
1791:
1778:
1765:
1752:
1739:
1729:
1719:
1709:
1696:
1686:
1676:
1666:
1651:
1635:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1615:
1614:
1599:
1585:
1576:
1558:
1557:External links
1555:
1552:
1551:
1499:
1437:
1384:
1364:
1357:
1336:
1330:978-1408179505
1329:
1311:
1285:
1260:
1248:Herbal Academy
1234:
1227:
1207:
1181:
1168:(1): 205–215.
1145:
1123:
1101:
1086:on 25 May 2017
1075:
1049:
1021:BSBI List 2007
1010:
1009:
1007:
1004:
989:Upper side of
932:phenolic acids
928:essential oils
916:phytochemicals
908:
905:
855:Historically,
852:
849:
775:
772:
760:lucid dreaming
738:
735:
717:Europe, Asia,
703:
700:
648:commonly known
627:common mugwort
616:
615:
613:
612:
600:
591:
579:
567:
555:
543:
531:
519:
507:
495:
483:
471:
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387:
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34:
33:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2244:
2233:
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2228:
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2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
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2190:
2189:
2187:
2170:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2151:
2147:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2128:
2124:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2106:
2102:
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2059:
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2040:
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2027:
2023:
2017:
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1991:
1987:
1981:
1977:
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1964:
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1955:
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1946:
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1929:
1925:
1919:
1915:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1783:
1779:
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1766:
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1757:
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1749:
1744:
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1736:
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1600:
1596:
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1586:
1584:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1506:
1504:
1495:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1444:
1442:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
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890:
889:antibacterial
886:
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724:
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699:
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677:
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672:wild wormwood
669:
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649:
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636:
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623:
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370:brachystachya
367:
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169:Binomial name
166:
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141:
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137:
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108:
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77:Tracheophytes
75:
72:
69:
68:
65:
62:
59:
58:
53:
48:
44:
40:
35:
32:
28:
25:
22:
1630:
1602:
1592:
1519:
1515:
1460:(19): 4415.
1457:
1453:
1405:
1401:
1395:
1387:
1372:
1367:
1348:
1345:Stace, C. A.
1339:
1320:
1314:
1302:. Retrieved
1298:
1288:
1276:. Retrieved
1273:burnzero.com
1272:
1263:
1251:. Retrieved
1247:
1237:
1217:
1210:
1198:. Retrieved
1194:the original
1184:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1148:
1139:
1133:
1126:
1111:
1104:
1094:– via
1088:. Retrieved
1081:the original
1058:
1052:
1040:. Retrieved
1033:the original
1020:
1014:
990:
911:
910:
903:properties.
856:
854:
842:
836:
810:
778:
777:
757:
754:
749:
747:
740:
719:North Africa
706:
705:
702:Distribution
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
642:
626:
621:
620:
619:
606:
602:
597:
593:
585:
581:
573:
569:
561:
557:
553:(Wallr.) DC.
549:
545:
537:
533:
529:(Wallr.) DC.
525:
521:
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509:
501:
497:
489:
485:
477:
473:
465:
461:
453:
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441:
437:
429:
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421:(Wallr.) DC.
417:
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177:
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159:
158:
146:
109:
96:
83:
70:
30:
24:
1945:NatureServe
1860:iNaturalist
1655:Wikispecies
1583:Mrs. Grieve
1065:. Pocheon:
991:A. vulgaris
956:artemisinin
944:carotenoids
912:A. vulgaris
873:antioxidant
857:A. vulgaris
839:Lepidoptera
781:is a tall,
779:A. vulgaris
774:Description
764:oneirogenic
750:A. vulgaris
727:naturalized
707:A. vulgaris
684:naughty man
654:, although
598:urjanchaica
382:cinerascens
90:Angiosperms
2227:Oneirogens
2186:Categories
2153:WisFlora:
2053:Plant List
1732:Calflora:
1304:29 October
1090:25 January
1042:17 October
1006:References
980:kaempferol
960:scopoletin
924:flavonoids
901:antifungal
865:anticancer
783:herbaceous
664:felon herb
639:Asteraceae
562:sylvestris
550:sylvestris
514:rubriflora
502:parvifolia
213:(L.) Dulac
136:Asteraceae
2058:gcc-77033
1826:200023371
1813:200023371
1715:286-28-1b
1608:CalPhotos
1546:226279550
1538:2199-1197
1522:(1): 72.
1476:1420-3049
1454:Molecules
1299:nyis.info
1295:"Mugwort"
976:quercetin
936:coumarins
815:Chernobyl
811:chernobyl
807:tomentose
725:, and is
715:temperate
644:Artemisia
589:H.St.John
454:litoralis
406:coarctata
394:coarctata
361:Peschkova
237:Forselles
154:Species:
147:Artemisia
126:Asterales
60:Kingdom:
2141:VicFlora
2130:VASCAN:
2118:Tropicos
2019:PalDat:
1950:2.137181
1901:10660035
1888:180284-1
1722:BioLib:
1640:Wikidata
1574:Culpeper
1566:Archived
1494:32992959
1432:20410041
1347:(2019).
1200:26 April
1118:Archived
972:sabinene
964:camphene
948:vitamins
832:panicles
829:racemose
731:invasive
548:subvar.
524:subvar.
478:merkiana
416:subvar.
368:subvar.
269:Poljakov
203:Synonymy
193:Synonyms
132:Family:
116:Asterids
103:Eudicots
2123:2700154
2012:1092844
1932:MoBotPF
1839:3120946
1756:Ecocrop
1606:in the
1485:7583039
1423:2982046
1278:18 June
1253:18 June
968:camphor
950:, and
940:sterols
822:⁄
803:sessile
799:pinnate
791:rhizome
768:thujone
688:old man
652:mugwort
631:species
629:, is a
607:vestita
596:subsp.
572:subsp.
565:Wallr.
452:subsp.
430:foliosa
418:foliosa
392:subsp.
317:Salisb.
277:Gaterau
261:Siebold
142:Genus:
122:Order:
64:Plantae
21:Mugwort
2110:3166-3
2066:PLANTS
1983:NZOR:
1937:256948
1800:154158
1774:850415
1712:APSA:
1705:102038
1689:APDB:
1669:AoFP:
1646:Q26663
1544:
1536:
1492:
1482:
1474:
1430:
1420:
1379:
1355:
1327:
1225:
1073:
899:, and
801:, and
795:leaves
723:Alaska
721:, and
711:native
625:, the
586:typica
574:typica
541:Wallr.
538:sativa
526:sativa
481:Besser
445:Ledeb.
442:glabra
433:Wallr.
349:Moench
325:Besser
309:Gilib.
221:Hassk.
2197:Herbs
2105:SANBI
2042:PFI:
1914:35505
1896:IRMNG
1872:IPA:
1865:52856
1795:EUNIS
1787:ARTVU
1725:41323
1692:99610
1679:APA:
1542:S2CID
1084:(PDF)
1063:(PDF)
1036:(xls)
1025:(xls)
743:gruit
690:, or
605:var.
584:var.
560:var.
536:var.
512:var.
500:var.
490:minor
488:var.
476:var.
466:major
464:var.
440:var.
428:var.
404:var.
380:var.
356:var.
341:Desf.
301:Wight
285:Pamp.
253:Wall.
110:Clade
97:Clade
84:Clade
71:Clade
2156:2633
2133:2918
2097:1646
2079:POWO
2071:ARVU
2045:5704
2030:PfaF
1999:6376
1976:4220
1971:NCBI
1909:ITIS
1883:IPNI
1875:5148
1852:4190
1847:GRIN
1834:GBIF
1782:EPPO
1761:3415
1748:GX3X
1735:8472
1700:APNI
1672:1805
1534:ISSN
1490:PMID
1472:ISSN
1428:PMID
1377:ISBN
1353:ISBN
1325:ISBN
1306:2019
1280:2023
1255:2023
1223:ISBN
1202:2021
1092:2017
1071:ISBN
1044:2014
993:leaf
978:and
737:Uses
505:Rouy
493:Lej.
469:Rouy
385:Rouy
333:Pamp
2164:WFO
2092:RHS
1958:NBN
1924:241
1821:FoC
1808:FNA
1769:EoL
1743:CoL
1682:526
1581:by
1572:by
1524:doi
1480:PMC
1462:doi
1418:PMC
1410:doi
1406:277
1170:doi
1159:L."
713:to
709:is
650:as
633:of
373:DC.
293:DC.
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