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character from the script reluctantly. Ray himself later commented that he thought Leela, with whom Apu had an understated affair, was a strong reason behind Apu's attraction of
Calcutta, and that without Leela's presence in the film, Apu's attraction to Calcutta might seem to some extent artificial: "I'm never sure, whether Apu's attachment to the city without the element of the girlfriend is strong enough, the pull that the city exerts is a bit abstract". However, when he watched the movie later, he did not feel the absence of Leela.
306:. Unlike his previous venture, where he stayed faithful to the novel, Ray took some bold artistic decisions here, such as portraying the relationship between Apu and his mother in a very different manner from the book. As a result, in contrast to its predecessor, the film was not received well locally; Ray recalled that "as for the suburban audience, it was shocked by the portrayal of the mother and son relationship, so sharply at variance with the conventional notion of mutual sweetness and devotion".
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village. Sarbajaya expects visits from him, but he visits only a few times. Her loneliness and yearning for her son grow. She becomes seriously ill, but does not disclose her illness to Apu, lest his studies be disturbed. When Apu finally realises her poor health, he returns to the village to find that she has died. Bhabataran, Apu's great uncle, requests that he stay there and perform last rites of his mother. Apu replies that he will perform the last rites in
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968:. These negatives had been severely damaged by a fire in London in 1993, and all film cans and fragments belonging to the Ray films were sent to the Motion Picture Academy for storage, where they lay unseen for two decades. It was discovered upon reexamination that, although many parts of the films were indeed destroyed by fire or the effects of age, other parts were salvageable. The materials were shipped to a restoration laboratory in Bologna, Italy:
361:. Harihar catches a fever and soon dies, however, and his wife Sarbajaya is forced to begin work as a maid. With the assistance of a great-uncle, Apu and his mother return to Bengal and settle in the village Mansapota. There Apu apprentices as a priest, but pines to attend the local school which his mother is persuaded to allow. He excels at his studies, impressing a visiting dignitary, and the headmaster takes special interest in him.
601:, saying that the film was so amateurish that "it would barely pass for a rough cut in Hollywood", praised it, saying that "Mr. Ray's remarkable camera catches beauty in so many things, from the softness of a mother's sad expression to the silhouette of a distant train, that innuendos take up the slack of drama. Hindu music and expressive natural sounds complete the stimulation of the senses in this strange, sad, evocative film". At
972:. For those parts of the negative that were missing or unusable, duplicate negatives and fine-grain masters from various commercial or archival sources were used. The Criterion Collection's own lab then spent six months creating the digital version of all three films, at times choosing to preserve the distinctive look of the films even at the cost of retaining some imperfections.
473:
some time after
Sarbajaya's death Apu becomes familiar with a strange sensation ... his immediate reaction had been one of pleasure, like a surge of release ... a delight in the breaking of bonds ... there was no doubt he loved his mother, but the news of her death had at first brought him pleasure—he couldn't avoid the truth". Ray's wife
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said: "Made in 1956 (and released in many countries a year later), 'Aparajito' indicates India's processes of modernization and industrialization and their inevitable impact on both individual and culture. Nonetheless, in his upbeat outlook, Ray suggests that individuals can rise to the occasion and
550:
said that "the relationship between Apu and his mother observes truths that must exist in all cultures: how the parent makes sacrifices for years, only to see the child turn aside and move thoughtlessly away into adulthood. ... It is about a time, place and culture far removed from our own, and
477:
also voiced her concerns when she discovers the plot, asking him "Do you think people in our country will accept a son's relief at having won his freedom at his mother's death?" Ray was aware of the risk, saying "let's see what happens. After all, later Apu was full of regret at his initial reaction
472:
bears the closest resemblance with its literary source. Banerjee's depiction of the mother-son relation fascinated Ray. Robinson writes: "Their relationship had some echoes on a purely psychological plane for him". Ray was in particular moved by
Banerjee's "daring and profound revelation", that "for
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later pointed out: "The three films ... swept the top prizes at Cannes, Venice and London, and created a new cinema for India – whose prolific film industry had traditionally stayed within the narrow confines of swashbuckling musical romances. Never before had one man had such a decisive impact
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The novels had a female character named Leela who influenced Apu's alienation from his mother when he was living in
Calcutta. After rejecting two aspirants, Ray found one actress to portray the character, but the actress was not allowed to act in the film by her fiancé. Eventually, Ray removed the
325:
said that "it is done with such rare feeling and skill at pictorial imagery, and with such sympathetic understanding of Indian character on the part of Mr. Ray, that it develops a sort of hypnotism for the serene and tolerant viewer". The critical acclaim this movie received encouraged Ray to make
41:
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impossibilities of simulating shadowless diffused skylight. But this led him to innovate what became subsequently his most important tool—bounce lighting. Mitra placed a framed painter white cloth over the set resembling a patch of sky and arranged studio lights below to bounce off the fake sky.
368:
for further studies. Sarbajaya feels abandoned and frightened by this, but gives in and lovingly packs his suitcase. Apu travels by train to the city and starts working at a printing press, after school hours, to subsist. He becomes more accustomed to the city life and feels out of place in the
505:
The fear of monsoon rain had forced the art director, Bansi
Chandragupta, to abandon the original plan to build the inner courtyard of a typical Benares house in the open and the set was built inside a studio in Calcutta. Mitra recalls arguing in vain with both Chandragupta and Ray about the
837:
depicts Apu's adult life, his reaction to his wife's premature death, and his final bonding with his son whom he abandoned as an infant. Ray did not initially plan to make a trilogy: he decided to make the third film only after being asked about the possibility of a trilogy at the 1957
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580:), which lost to Ray's film. However, many years later, Kurosawa's daughter generated a list of 100 films admired by him; this list quoted him as having affirmed the jury's choice as "Absolutely right" (though he misidentified the winning film as
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526:
was filmed forty years ago, half way around the world, yet the themes and emotions embedded in the narrative are strikingly relevant to modern
Western society (thus explaining why it is called a "timeless classic"). ...
932:, editing and designing his own credit titles and publicity material. He developed a distinctive style of film-making based on visual lyricism and strong humanism, as in his Apu trilogy. Thus Ray established himself as an
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566:, was initially reluctant to give it the coveted prize; he eventually acquiesced, but not before saying to Houston: "I hope Ray will go away and learn how to make films!" The Japanese director
539:
provides a nearly-flawless continuation of the journey begun there. Yet, for those who missed Ray's earlier effort, this film loses none of its impact. On its own or as part of the Apu
Trilogy,
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yet it connects directly and deeply with our human feelings. It is like a prayer, affirming that this is what the cinema can be, no matter how far in our cynicism we may stray".
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that have flooded art houses since the mid-fifties owe a tremendous debt to the Apu trilogy, which
Terrence Rafferty has rightly called 'cinema's purest
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is an amazing motion picture. Its rich, poetic composition is perfectly wed to the sublime emotional resonance of the narrative. For those who have seen
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in a
Calcutta periodical in 1928 and was published as a book the next year. According to Ray's biographer, Robinson, among the three films of the
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where his father
Harihar works as a priest. Harihar is making headway in his new pursuits: praying, singing, and officiating among the
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562:, who was among the jury, broke protocol and told Ray personally: "I think it was magnificent". The chairman of the award ceremony,
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on large scale diffusers to match studio sets with location shooting. According to the Internet Encyclopedia of Cinematographers:
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332:(1959), which was equally well received, and thus concluded one of the most critically acclaimed movie trilogies of all time, as
302:, he had no plans of following it up with a sequel. The critical and commercial success of the film prompted him to start making
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Critical reception outside of India, however, was overwhelmingly positive. It won 11 international awards, including the
805:(1961), also made by Ray, where he played young Rabindranath Tagore. Smaran died in 2008 in Kolkata, at the age of 64.
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at No. 54 in its Top 250 "Best Films of the Century" list, based on a poll of critics. In 2001, film critic
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and, to date, remains the only film sequel to ever win the grand prize at the prestigious Venice,
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upon his mother's death. And as he realized, her death actually came as a very big blow to him".
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has a 94% fresh rating based on an aggregate of 18 reviews with an average rating of 8.7/10.
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Within a few years, the teenaged Apu has done well enough to receive a scholarship to go to
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2002 Sight & Sound Top Films Survey of 253 International Critics & Film Directors
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860:, which depicts the real-life story of Subir Bannerjee, the actor who portrayed Apu in
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itself was ranked separately at No. 127 on the same list. In 2002, a combined list of
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might not be compromised by the corruption that characterizes the society at large".
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850:. The film is considered as the richest of three in terms of its characterization.
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964:, began the restoration of the original negatives of the Apu trilogy, including
912:, Ray went on to make 35 more films, including feature films, documentaries and
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Ray also won the Golden Gate awards for Best Picture and Best Director at the
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Ramani Ranjan Sengupta as Bhabataran, Sarbajaya's uncle and Apu's great uncle
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said he considers it to be one of the best Indian movies he had ever seen.
268:
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54:
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1979:
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1073:"The Screen: 'Aparajito'; Indian Movie Continues 'Pather Panchali' Story"
889:
847:
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817:
771:
636:. Along with the Golden Lion, it received the Cinema Nuovo Award and the
621:
547:
497:, made his first technical innovation with this film: the application of
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Critics Award in the process becoming the first movie to win all three.
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897:
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318:
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295:, and chronicles Apu's life from childhood to adolescence in college.
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had an important film entered in that year's festival competition,
350:
292:
1900:
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2797:
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2157:
Satyajit Ray: The Inner Eye: The Biography of a Master Film-Maker
659:
370:
365:
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In 1920, Apu and his parents, who have left their home in rural
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908:, with many others (such as Kurosawa) praising the work. After
358:
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317:, becoming the first ever film to win both. Veteran film-maker
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3013:
2757:
2195:
Responding to film: A Text Guide for Students of Cinema Art
1545:
Take One: The First Annual Village Voice Film Critics' Poll
354:
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portrays the childhood of Apu in their ancestral house.
799:, at the age of 14, did only one more film, documentary
778:
in his list of "100 Great Movies" of all time. In 2005,
515:
The film has been enthusiastically received by critics.
2176:
The Apu Trilogy: Satyajit Ray and the Making of an Epic
2090:
The Real Thing: Testimonial Discourse and Latin America
1890:
1888:
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1304:
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1414:(in Danish), Filmmedarbejderforeningen, archived from
1195:
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2049:
Indian Popular Cinema: A Narrative of Cultural Change
1663:
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in 1958, along with the Critics Award for this film.
4356:
Films based on works by Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay
3180:
2218:. Penguin original: Film, biography. Penguin Books.
2065:
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1906:
1885:
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preserved the entire Apu Trilogy in 1996, including
825:) in 1959. Together, the three films constitute the
1231:
2133:
1651:
1292:
1272:
1207:
756:s critics' poll of all-time greatest films ranked
1018:
4277:
3699:A Pigeon Sat on a Branch Reflecting on Existence
1769:"Martin Scorsese hits DC, hangs with the Hachet"
1243:
1185:Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh
1006:
994:
795:Smaran Ghosal who played the role of adolescent
2066:Gokulsing, K. Moti; Dissanayake, Wimal (2013).
2047:Gokulsing, K. Moti; Dissanayake, Wimal (2004).
1643:. Calcutta, India. 12 July 2008. Archived from
1457:
1327:"Akira Kurosawa's Top 100 Films – Movie Forums"
595:, who had earlier given a lukewarm response to
1970:
1968:
1966:
739:critics' and directors' poll results included
3807:
3166:
2365:
2265:
1843:
2086:
1963:
1573:
1255:, Internet Encyclopedia of Cinematographers
1150:
958:Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
4229:Sahaj Paather Gappo (Colours of Innocence)
3814:
3800:
3173:
3159:
3122:Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute
2372:
2358:
2326:
2310:
1793:
952:. In 2013, the video distribution company
291:(1955) ended, with Apu's family moving to
39:
1039:
884:'". Across the world, filmmakers such as
645:San Francisco International Film Festival
612:
434:was based on the last fifth of the novel
426:
393:Pinaki Sengupta as Apurba "Apu" Roy (boy)
373:and begins his journey back to the city.
2173:
2154:
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1918:
1879:
1825:
1681:
1429:
1313:
1225:
1201:
1162:
1126:
1070:
1066:
1064:
988:
380:
285:. It starts off where the previous film
3480:Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead
1766:
1693:
1097:
1095:
706:
277:. It is adapted from the first half of
4331:Films with screenplays by Satyajit Ray
4278:
2192:
2008:
1894:
1730:
1669:
1513:
1275:"Review: Aparajito (The Unvanquished)"
1174:
3795:
3154:
2353:
2211:
1466:Sight and Sound 1992 Ranking of Films
1442:, Top 100 Movie Lists, archived from
1237:
1101:
1061:
856:(2014) is a Bengali film directed by
510:
3373:Artists Under the Big Top: Perplexed
2239:
2215:Portrait of a Director: Satyajit Ray
2069:Routledge Handbook of Indian Cinemas
1743:University of California, Santa Cruz
1657:
1346:
1340:
1092:
349:, have settled into an apartment in
2107:
2027:
1516:"The "Sight & Sound" of Canons"
1298:
1213:
1042:"I don't rank my films: Mrinal Sen"
1027:
1012:
1000:
669:Golden Laurel for Best Film at the
13:
2338:at SatyajitRay.org (archived copy)
2259:
2140:. University of California Press.
1612:, 12 February 2005, archived from
1514:Totaro, Donato (31 January 2003),
1071:Crowther, Bosley (29 April 1959).
982:
727:at No. 88 in its Critics' Poll of
671:Berlin International Film Festival
656:Best Non-European Film of the Year
481:
14:
4372:
2294:
440:and the first third of the novel
414:Charu Prakash Ghosh as Nanda Babu
396:Smaran Ghosal as Apu (adolescent)
4346:Indian coming-of-age drama films
3763:All the Beauty and the Bloodshed
3182:Venice Film Festival Golden Lion
3135:
3134:
2379:
1907:Gokulsing & Dissanayake 2004
1696:"Parambrata starts shooting for
1694:Ganguly, Ruman (29 March 2013).
1583:, rogerebert.com, archived from
1436:Aaron and Mark Caldwell (2004),
1139:Gokulsing & Dissanayake 2013
701:1959 British Academy Film Awards
4296:1950s coming-of-age drama films
4201:Ashani Sanket (Distant Thunder)
2002:
1945:
1912:
1873:
1819:
1787:
1760:
1724:
1687:
1627:
1598:
1567:
1536:
1507:
1484:
1402:
1379:
1362:
1347:Levy, Emanuel (5 August 2011).
1319:
1266:
1168:
939:
867:According to Michael Sragow of
760:at No. 7 on the list. In 1999,
691:The film was nominated for the
4316:Films directed by Satyajit Ray
4126:Apur Sansar (The World of Apu)
3464:The Legend of the Holy Drinker
2087:Gugelberger, Georg M. (1996).
1033:
408:as Sarbajaya Roy, Apu's mother
337:on the films of his culture".
1:
4306:Bengali-language Indian films
2267:Bandyopadhyay, Bibhutibhushan
1189:Asiatic Society of Bangladesh
1102:Ebert, Roger (4 March 2001).
975:
743:in its top 160. In 1998, the
682:British Film Institute Awards
421:
4361:Films about poverty in India
4341:Indian black-and-white films
4321:Films scored by Ravi Shankar
4311:Films based on Indian novels
4291:1950s Bengali-language films
3824:Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay
2971:Professor Shonku O El Dorado
2197:. Rowman & Littlefield.
2193:Santas, Constantine (2002).
1919:Goristas, Helen (May 2002).
1391:, San Francisco Film Society
956:, in collaboration with the
790:All-Time 100 Greatest Movies
417:Subodh Ganguly as Headmaster
402:as Harihar Roy, Apu's father
271:, and is the second part of
7:
2840:Goopy Gawaiya Bagha Bajaiya
2136:Satyajit Ray: The Inner Eye
1524:Canada Council for the Arts
1273:James Berardinelli (1996).
84:Bibhutibhushan Bandopadhyay
10:
4377:
1797:Raging Bull: A film review
1183:; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.).
1040:Das Gupta, Ranjan (2010).
493:, the cinematographer for
279:Bibhutibhushan Bannerjee's
184:Merchant Ivory Productions
18:
4252:
4238:
4135:
4103:
4096:
4071:
4045:
3993:
3830:
3586:
3383:
3188:
3130:
3106:
3093:Lalmohan 'Jatayu' Ganguly
3070:
3036:
2981:
2958:
2927:
2850:
2821:
2812:
2637:
2578:
2555:
2524:
2493:
2456:
2417:
2410:
2387:
2178:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
2132:Robinson, Andrew (1989).
2093:. Duke University Press.
1771:. Hatchet. Archived from
1175:Sekhar, Saumitra (2012).
721:'s film magazine) ranked
680:and Wington Award at the
460:. It first appeared as a
313:and Critics Award at the
250:
230:
222:
212:
198:11 October 1956
189:
179:
163:
153:
143:
133:
97:
93:Epic Films (Satyajit Ray)
89:
68:
60:
50:
45:Theatrical release poster
38:
33:
16:1956 film by Satyajit Ray
3977:Kosi Pranganeyer Chitthi
1733:"An Art Wedded to Truth"
1731:Sragow, Michael (1994),
954:The Criterion Collection
904:have been influenced by
298:When Ray started making
267:written and directed by
3432:A Year of the Quiet Sun
2009:Bergan, Ronald (2006).
1640:The Telegraph (Kolkata)
873:in 1994: "The youthful
815:(1955) and followed by
729:all-time greatest films
444:by Banerjee. The novel
376:
340:
19:For the 2022 film, see
3954:(completed by his son
3309:Last Year at Marienbad
3047:Our Films, Their Films
2244:. November Books Ltd.
2114:Our Films, Their Films
2013:. Dorking Kindersley.
1635:"Aparajito's Apu dies"
1580:The Apu Trilogy (1959)
1552:, 1999, archived from
719:British Film Institute
613:Awards and nominations
545:
508:
427:Origin and development
389:
120:Ramani Ranjan Sengupta
4053:Shankar Ray Choudhuri
3937:Sundarbane Sat Batsar
3603:The Magdalene Sisters
3456:Au revoir les enfants
3357:The Battle of Algiers
2901:Royal Bengal Rahashya
2832:Goopy Bagha Phire Elo
2506:Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne
1647:on 16 September 2008.
1606:"All-time 100 Movies"
1411:Bodilprisen (1960–69)
676:It also received the
634:Cannes Film Festivals
543:should not be missed.
521:
503:
384:
4326:Films set in Kolkata
4222:Bhalobasar Onek Naam
3408:Marianne and Juliane
3285:General Della Rovere
3054:Bishoy Chalachchitra
2940:Jekhane Bhooter Bhoy
2342:Reelviews review of
2174:Robinson, A (2010).
2155:Robinson, A (2003).
2117:. Orient Blackswan.
2028:Ray, Bijoya (2012).
1957:Academy Film Archive
1953:"Preserved Projects"
1829:Ivory, James (1928–)
1738:The Atlantic Monthly
970:L'Immagine Ritrovata
946:Academy Film Archive
870:The Atlantic Monthly
840:Venice Film Festival
707:Accolades and legacy
697:Best Foreign Actress
686:London Film Festival
626:Venice Film Festival
556:Venice Film Festival
357:on the sacred river
315:Venice Film Festival
4351:Indian sequel films
4336:Golden Lion winners
4166:Adarsha Hindu Hotel
3860:Adarsha Hindu Hotel
3512:Three Colours: Blue
3496:The Story of Qiu Ju
3416:The State of Things
3333:Hands over the City
3301:Tomorrow Is My Turn
2893:Gorosthaney Sabdhan
2877:Kailashey Kelenkari
2587:Rabindranath Tagore
1794:Jay Antani (2004),
1187:(Second ed.).
802:Rabindranath Tagore
454:coming-of-age story
260:) is a 1956 Indian
3963:Maroner Danka Baje
3779:The Room Next Door
3723:The Shape of Water
3715:The Woman Who Left
3627:Brokeback Mountain
3560:The Way We Laughed
3424:First Name: Carmen
3061:Ekei Bole Shooting
2212:Seton, M. (2003).
2051:. Trentham Books.
1808:on 8 December 2007
1775:on 2 November 2007
1712:on 7 December 2013
1705:The Times of India
1587:on 2 November 2012
1473:on 22 October 2009
1446:on 26 October 2009
1349:"Aparajito (1956)"
1078:The New York Times
517:James Berardinelli
511:Critical reception
458:Bengali literature
456:) in the canon of
390:
123:Charaprakash Ghosh
4273:
4272:
4160:
4159:
3789:
3788:
3472:A City of Sadness
3148:
3147:
3032:
3031:
2885:Tintorettor Jishu
2869:Bombaiyer Bombete
2808:
2807:
2750:The Chess Players
2734:Aranyer Din Ratri
2545:Joi Baba Felunath
2514:Hirak Rajar Deshe
2286:978-81-7223-320-4
2225:978-0-14-302972-4
2185:978-1-78672-962-0
2147:978-0-520-06946-6
2124:978-81-250-1565-9
2100:978-0-8223-1844-6
2079:978-1-136-77284-9
2039:978-0-14-341625-8
2020:978-1-4053-1280-6
1976:"The Restoration"
1861:on 3 January 2008
1556:on 26 August 2007
1550:The Village Voice
1520:Offscreen Journal
1496:, Cinemacom, 2002
1418:on 7 October 2008
1228:, pp. 94–95.
1177:"Pather Panchali"
1104:"The Apu Trilogy"
763:The Village Voice
737:Sight & Sound
714:Sight & Sound
650:The film won the
385:Smaran Ghosal in
238:
237:
4368:
4301:1956 drama films
4245:Taranath Tantrik
4101:
4100:
4097:Film Adaptations
4063:Taranath Tantrik
3984:Aam Aatir Bhenpu
3816:
3809:
3802:
3793:
3792:
3325:Ivan's Childhood
3253:Romeo and Juliet
3175:
3168:
3161:
3152:
3151:
3138:
3137:
3083:Professor Shonku
2961:Professor Shonku
2819:
2818:
2790:Shakha Proshakha
2458:Calcutta Trilogy
2446:The World of Apu
2415:
2414:
2374:
2367:
2360:
2351:
2350:
2330:
2314:
2290:
2255:
2240:Wood, R (1972).
2236:
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2170:
2159:. I. B. Tauris.
2151:
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2043:
2024:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1982:. Archived from
1972:
1961:
1960:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1929:. Archived from
1926:Senses of Cinema
1916:
1910:
1904:
1898:
1892:
1883:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1857:. Archived from
1851:"On Ray's Trail"
1847:
1841:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1804:, archived from
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1756:
1754:
1749:on 12 April 2009
1745:, archived from
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894:Abbas Kiarostami
823:The World of Apu
811:was preceded by
782:was included in
755:
560:Penelope Houston
326:another sequel,
262:Bengali-language
258:The Unvanquished
252:
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4260:The Apu Trilogy
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4151:Amazon Obhijaan
4131:
4112:Pather Panchali
4104:The Apu Trilogy
4092:
4087:Amazon Obhijaan
4067:
4041:
4032:Benigir fulbari
3989:
3970:Mismider Kabach
3902:Bipiner Sangsar
3888:Hire Manik Jale
3839:Pather Panchali
3826:
3820:
3790:
3785:
3595:Monsoon Wedding
3582:
3544:Michael Collins
3520:Before the Rain
3379:
3245:Forbidden Games
3229:Justice Is Done
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2430:Pather Panchali
2420:The Apu Trilogy
2406:
2383:
2378:
2324:Rotten Tomatoes
2297:
2287:
2279:. p. 478.
2262:
2260:Further reading
2252:
2242:The Apu trilogy
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1986:on 11 July 2015
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1316:, pp. 105.
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1030:, pp. 168.
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987:
983:
978:
942:
916:. He worked on
906:The Apu Trilogy
886:Martin Scorsese
862:Pather Panchali
858:Kaushik Ganguly
831:Pather Panchali
813:Pather Panchali
780:The Apu Trilogy
776:The Apu Trilogy
768:The Apu Trilogy
758:The Apu Trilogy
753:
724:The Apu Trilogy
709:
615:
603:Rotten Tomatoes
598:Pather Panchali
593:Bosley Crowther
582:Pather Pancheli
573:Throne of Blood
533:Pather Panchali
513:
499:bounce lighting
495:The Apu Trilogy
484:
482:Script and crew
446:Pather Panchali
437:Pather Panchali
429:
424:
406:Karuna Banerjee
379:
343:
323:Bosley Crowther
300:Pather Panchali
288:Pather Panchali
274:The Apu Trilogy
215:
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113:Karuna Banerjee
104:Pinaki Sengupta
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4239:TV Adaptations
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1933:on 11 May 2008
1921:"Satyajit Ray"
1911:
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1826:Sheldon Hall,
1818:
1802:Filmcritic.com
1786:
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1616:on 23 May 2005
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568:Akira Kurosawa
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2917:Double Feluda
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2823:Goopy - Bagha
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2678:Kanchenjungha
2675:
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2646:Parash Pathar
2643:
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2624:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2611:The Inner Eye
2608:
2605:
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2600:
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2581:
2579:Documentaries
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2251:0-85631-003-4
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2204:0-8304-1580-7
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2166:1-86064-965-3
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2109:Ray, Satyajit
2106:
2102:
2096:
2092:
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2085:
2081:
2075:
2072:. Routledge.
2071:
2070:
2064:
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2058:1-85856-329-1
2054:
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2035:
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2016:
2012:
2007:
2006:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1958:
1954:
1948:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1922:
1915:
1909:, p. 32.
1908:
1903:
1897:, p. 18.
1896:
1891:
1889:
1881:
1880:Robinson 2003
1876:
1860:
1856:
1855:The Statesman
1852:
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1767:Chris Ingui.
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1698:Apur Panchali
1690:
1684:, p. 98.
1683:
1682:Robinson 1989
1678:
1671:
1666:
1660:, p. 61.
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1315:
1314:Robinson 2003
1310:
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1254:
1253:
1252:Subrata Mitra
1246:
1240:, p. 92.
1239:
1234:
1227:
1226:Robinson 2003
1222:
1215:
1210:
1204:, p. 44.
1203:
1202:Robinson 2010
1198:
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1186:
1182:
1178:
1171:
1165:, p. 74.
1164:
1163:Robinson 1989
1159:
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1129:, p. 94.
1128:
1127:Robinson 2003
1123:
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1002:
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989:Robinson 2003
985:
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930:art direction
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882:Bildungsroman
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875:coming-of-age
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491:Subrata Mitra
488:
479:
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467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
450:bildungsroman
448:is a classic
447:
443:
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400:Kanu Banerjee
398:
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117:Smaran Ghosal
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108:Kanu Banerjee
106:
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61:Screenplay by
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49:
42:
37:
32:
29:
25:
23:
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3729:
3721:
3713:
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3697:
3689:
3681:
3673:
3665:
3657:
3651:The Wrestler
3649:
3641:
3633:
3625:
3617:
3609:
3601:
3593:
3587:2001–present
3574:
3568:Not One Less
3566:
3558:
3550:
3542:
3534:
3528:Vive L'Amour
3526:
3518:
3510:
3502:
3494:
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3438:
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3422:
3414:
3406:
3398:
3390:
3371:
3363:
3355:
3347:
3339:
3331:
3323:
3317:Family Diary
3315:
3307:
3299:
3291:
3283:
3277:Rickshaw Man
3275:
3268:
3267:
3259:
3251:
3243:
3235:
3227:
3219:
3211:
3203:
3195:
3114:
3088:Tarini Khuro
3059:
3052:
3045:
3020:
3012:
3004:
2996:
2993:(unproduced)
2988:
2969:
2959:
2946:
2938:
2930:Tarini Khuro
2928:
2915:
2907:
2899:
2891:
2883:
2875:
2867:
2859:
2851:
2838:
2830:
2822:
2796:
2788:
2780:
2772:
2764:
2756:
2748:
2740:
2732:
2724:
2716:
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2700:
2692:
2684:
2676:
2668:
2660:
2652:
2644:
2625:
2617:
2609:
2601:
2593:
2585:
2568:Chiriyakhana
2566:
2556:
2543:
2535:
2525:
2512:
2504:
2494:
2481:
2473:
2465:
2457:
2444:
2437:
2436:
2428:
2418:
2397:Bibliography
2381:Satyajit Ray
2343:
2334:
2318:
2301:
2271:
2241:
2229:. Retrieved
2214:
2194:
2175:
2156:
2135:
2113:
2089:
2068:
2048:
2029:
2010:
2003:Bibliography
1988:. Retrieved
1984:the original
1956:
1947:
1935:. Retrieved
1931:the original
1924:
1914:
1902:
1882:, p. 96
1875:
1863:. Retrieved
1859:the original
1854:
1845:
1834:, retrieved
1828:
1821:
1810:, retrieved
1806:the original
1796:
1789:
1777:. Retrieved
1773:the original
1762:
1751:, retrieved
1747:the original
1736:
1726:
1714:. Retrieved
1710:the original
1703:
1697:
1689:
1677:
1665:
1653:
1645:the original
1638:
1629:
1618:, retrieved
1614:the original
1609:
1600:
1589:, retrieved
1585:the original
1579:
1569:
1558:, retrieved
1554:the original
1544:
1538:
1527:, retrieved
1519:
1509:
1498:, retrieved
1492:
1486:
1475:, retrieved
1471:the original
1465:
1459:
1448:, retrieved
1444:the original
1438:
1431:
1420:, retrieved
1416:the original
1410:
1404:
1393:, retrieved
1387:
1381:
1369:
1364:
1352:. Retrieved
1342:
1330:. Retrieved
1321:
1294:
1282:. Retrieved
1278:
1268:
1257:, retrieved
1251:
1245:
1233:
1221:
1209:
1197:
1184:
1170:
1158:
1146:
1134:
1109:24 September
1107:. Retrieved
1084:20 September
1082:. Retrieved
1076:
1053:20 September
1051:. Retrieved
1045:
1035:
1008:
996:
991:, p. 94
984:
965:
949:
943:
940:Preservation
909:
905:
902:Wes Anderson
868:
866:
861:
851:
843:
834:
830:
822:
816:
812:
808:
807:
800:
796:
794:
784:
779:
775:
767:
761:
757:
748:
740:
736:
732:
722:
712:
710:
690:
675:
664:
649:
642:
624:at the 1957
617:
616:
606:
596:
588:Emanuel Levy
586:
581:
577:
571:
553:
546:
540:
536:
532:
528:
523:
522:
514:
504:
494:
489:
485:
469:
445:
441:
435:
431:
430:
386:
363:
344:
327:
308:
303:
299:
297:
286:
282:
272:
269:Satyajit Ray
257:
253:
241:
240:
239:
214:Running time
191:Release date
158:Ravi Shankar
78:
72:
64:Satyajit Ray
55:Satyajit Ray
28:
21:
4180:Nishi Padma
4173:Baksa Badal
4002:MeghaMallar
3771:Poor Things
2813:Screenplay
2774:Ghare Baire
2627:Sukumar Ray
2537:Sonar Kella
2483:Jana Aranya
2475:Seemabaddha
2467:Pratidwandi
2392:Filmography
2032:. Penguin.
2030:Manik and I
1980:Janus Films
1895:Santas 2002
1836:12 February
1670:Bergan 2006
1575:Roger Ebert
1284:31 December
936:of cinema.
920:, casting,
890:James Ivory
848:Golden Lion
835:Apur Sansar
827:Apu trilogy
818:Apur Sansar
772:Roger Ebert
665:It won the
652:Bodil Award
622:Golden Lion
578:Kumonosu-jĹŤ
554:During the
548:Roger Ebert
466:Apu trilogy
452:(a type of
334:Roger Ebert
329:Apur Sansar
311:Golden Lion
218:113 minutes
148:Dulal Dutta
90:Produced by
51:Directed by
24:(2022 film)
4286:1956 films
4280:Categories
4253:Franchises
4046:Characters
4016:Jatrabadol
4009:Mauriphool
3923:Kedar Raja
3635:Still Life
3619:Vera Drake
3611:The Return
3576:The Circle
3504:Short Cuts
3341:Red Desert
3205:The Strike
3071:Characters
3039:Literature
3037:Cinematic
2782:Ganashatru
2718:Mahapurush
2670:Teen Kanya
2411:Directions
1865:19 October
1716:7 December
1354:1 November
1238:Seton 2003
976:References
898:Elia Kazan
787:magazine's
745:Asian film
564:René Clair
422:Production
319:Mrinal Sen
265:drama film
202:1956-10-11
173:Epic Films
165:Production
4208:Fuleswari
4194:Nimantran
4187:Amar Prem
4119:Aparajito
4027:Kinnardal
3909:Anubartan
3867:Ichhamati
3846:Aparajito
3822:Works of
3755:Happening
3747:Nomadland
3707:From Afar
3691:Sacro GRA
3667:Somewhere
3384:1980–2000
3269:Aparajito
3189:1946–1968
2990:The Alien
2815:and story
2702:Charulata
2694:Mahanagar
2654:Jalsaghar
2438:Aparajito
2402:Accolades
2344:Aparajito
2335:Aparajito
2319:Aparajito
2302:Aparajito
2272:Aparajito
2231:1 January
1658:Wood 1972
1388:Aparajito
1370:Aparajito
1279:ReelViews
1047:The Hindu
966:Aparajito
950:Aparajito
918:scripting
910:Aparajito
844:Aparajito
809:Aparajito
774:included
747:magazine
741:Aparajito
733:Aparajito
711:In 1992,
693:Best Film
662:in 1967.
618:Aparajito
607:Aparajito
541:Aparajito
537:Aparajito
529:Aparajito
524:Aparajito
470:Aparajito
442:Aparajito
432:Aparajito
387:Aparajito
304:Aparajito
283:Aparajito
254:Ôporajito
242:Aparajito
144:Edited by
79:Aparajito
34:Aparajito
22:Aparajito
4037:Nabagata
3944:Dui Bari
3440:Vagabond
3237:Rashomon
3140:Category
3117:magazine
2710:Kapurush
2558:Byomkesh
2269:(1999).
2111:(2013).
1990:1 August
1591:19 April
1529:19 April
1500:19 April
1450:19 April
1299:Ray 2012
1214:Ray 2012
1028:Ray 2012
1013:Ray 2013
1001:Ray 2013
846:won the
842:, where
750:Cinemaya
731:, while
667:Selznick
620:won the
351:Varanasi
293:Varanasi
231:Language
154:Music by
98:Starring
69:Based on
3956:Taradas
3930:Dampati
3853:Aranyak
3659:Lebanon
3552:Hana-bi
3115:Sandesh
3107:Related
2798:Agantuk
2766:Sadgati
2686:Abhijan
1779:29 June
1560:27 July
962:Archive
960:' Film
922:scoring
766:ranked
699:at the
660:Denmark
519:wrote:
371:Kolkata
366:Kolkata
251:অপরাজিত
247:Bengali
234:Bengali
223:Country
200: (
167:company
4072:Comics
3895:Debjan
3831:Novels
3782:(2024)
3774:(2023)
3766:(2022)
3758:(2021)
3750:(2020)
3742:(2019)
3734:(2018)
3726:(2017)
3718:(2016)
3710:(2015)
3702:(2014)
3694:(2013)
3686:(2012)
3678:(2011)
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3646:(2007)
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3411:(1981)
3403:(1980)
3400:Gloria
3395:(1980)
3376:(1968)
3368:(1967)
3360:(1966)
3352:(1965)
3349:Sandra
3344:(1964)
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3216:(1948)
3213:Hamlet
3208:(1947)
3200:(1946)
3098:Topshe
3078:Feluda
3025:(2017)
3022:Anukul
3017:(2014)
3009:(2013)
3001:(1995)
2998:Target
2982:Others
2974:(2019)
2943:(2012)
2920:(2016)
2912:(2014)
2904:(2011)
2896:(2010)
2888:(2008)
2880:(2007)
2872:(2003)
2864:(1996)
2852:Feluda
2843:(2014)
2835:(1991)
2801:(1991)
2793:(1990)
2785:(1989)
2777:(1984)
2769:(1981)
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2753:(1977)
2745:(1973)
2737:(1970)
2729:(1966)
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2689:(1962)
2681:(1962)
2673:(1961)
2665:(1960)
2657:(1958)
2649:(1958)
2638:Others
2630:(1987)
2622:(1976)
2614:(1972)
2606:(1971)
2603:Sikkim
2598:(1964)
2590:(1961)
2571:(1967)
2548:(1978)
2540:(1974)
2527:Feluda
2517:(1980)
2509:(1969)
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1937:19 May
1753:11 May
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1332:20 May
1259:22 May
934:auteur
914:shorts
878:dramas
792:list.
630:Berlin
475:Bijoya
462:serial
359:Ganges
347:Bengal
281:novel
3951:Kajol
3739:Joker
3683:PietĂ
3675:Faust
3536:Cyclo
3261:Ordet
3221:Manon
3014:Chaar
2951:(TBA)
2758:Pikoo
2726:Nayak
1812:4 May
1179:. In
754:'
717:(the
355:ghats
226:India
3731:Roma
2662:Devi
2619:Bala
2307:IMDb
2281:ISBN
2246:ISBN
2233:2023
2220:ISBN
2199:ISBN
2180:ISBN
2161:ISBN
2142:ISBN
2119:ISBN
2095:ISBN
2074:ISBN
2053:ISBN
2034:ISBN
2015:ISBN
2011:Film
1992:2015
1939:2008
1867:2007
1838:2007
1814:2009
1781:2006
1755:2009
1718:2013
1622:2008
1610:Time
1593:2009
1562:2006
1531:2009
1502:2009
1479:2009
1452:2009
1424:2008
1397:2008
1356:2014
1334:2015
1286:2022
1261:2009
1111:2014
1086:2014
1055:2014
944:The
900:and
785:Time
695:and
654:for
377:Cast
341:Plot
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