20:
707:
56:
771:
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762:
competition with each other in their broadcast markets, they will often locate their broadcasting antennas very near each other, and in some cases, will even share land or towers with each other, in the interests of space, land availability, and the cost of putting a transmission building on top of a mountain.
1042:, but needed the extra space for more antennas. Additionally, since many people live on Lookout Mountain, there was also the concern about safety, not only from falling ice or even the slight risk of a tower collapse, but also ongoing from the additional RF that it would create. Residents and the city of
761:
Satellite antenna farms are usually located at remote locations, far away from urban development, especially high rise buildings or airplane flight paths, to avoid and minimize disruption to transmission and reception, and so as to not be an eyesore. Although most radio and TV stations are in fierce
1026:
antennas. Because many of these towers are already full, or were built well before there was the expectation of DTV, many stations have been forced to go through the even greater expense of constructing a new tower.
1073:
might be a better site, but there were also objections that it would ruin the view of that mountain from the valley. Despite other alternatives, the new "supertower" was forced on
Lookout Mountain by the
698:(closer to daylight or radiant heat in energy level, much less disruptive to cellular activity than emissions from radioactive elements or x-ray machines) hazard unless stations are powered-down.
913:
to the east with
Britton Road being the central thoroughfare. In addition, all three network affiliates and one of the 3 major radio groups have their studio facilities located within the
1002:
Tower One, on which many of the New York City television and several FM stations had their antennas. All were lost when Twin Towers One and Two collapsed after the
1018:
Antenna farms have often been the source of complaints from local neighborhoods, particularly when a new tower is added. This has been increasingly so for
1372:
754:
in a severe ice storm and/or high winds. Multiple small towers also allow stations to have backup facilities co-located on each other's towers for
623:
In telecom circles, any area with more than three antennas could be referred to as an antenna farm. In the case of an AM broadcasting station (
1280:
750:, such towers are expensive, dangerous, and difficult to access the top of, and may collect and drop large amounts of ice in winter, or even
1232:
272:
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in 2001. Most of those stations reverted to broadcasting from their previous home, 200 feet lower, on the
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may all be part of an antenna system for a single station, while for VHF and UHF the site may be under
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802:
742:
in both cases, more signal can be received. While the same is true of a very tall tower, like
734:, allowing them to reach further by avoiding obstructions on the ground, and by increasing the
683:
594:
530:
492:
238:
1365:
1148:
1007:
921:
866:
798:
426:
283:
1099:
1003:
945:
687:
620:. The history of the term "antenna farm" is uncertain, but it dates to at least the 1950s.
411:
901:
most of the city's media outlets transmitter and tower facilities are located between the
8:
988:
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838:
19:
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1023:
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engineers (to maintain the cooling systems associated with high-powered transmitters)
1070:
1066:
1058:
941:
940:
in upper East
Tennessee is home to most of the FM and TV stations in the Tri-Cities (
929:
861:
area. Some cities instead have combined many stations onto one tower, often through
794:
523:
431:
416:
406:
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311:
128:
39:
686:. This is not only for the physical security of the location (including preventing
1153:
1043:
957:
937:
826:
218:
163:
158:
88:
24:
1329:
Media
Visions Journal - Denver DTV 'Supertower'Faces Local Resistance by Ken Freed
967:
Other examples of co-located towers on mountain peaks in the United States are on
1398:
1376:
1079:
890:
822:
706:
610:
606:
497:
223:
168:
78:
55:
47:
643:. Alternatively, a single tower with many separate antennas is often called a "
1185:
1143:
1062:
814:
676:
421:
386:
341:
93:
73:
1065:
the site, even though it was outside city limits. It was decided that scenic
778:
complex and
Telehouse, Germany's largest satellite communications facility in
1410:
1387:
1370:
Dielectric completes
Lookout Mountain DTV transmission project serving Denver
1350:
1207:
1202:
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65:
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992:
770:
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591:
396:
321:
143:
103:
83:
1354:
1305:"Five Ideco Towers Take the Punishment at the Nation's Most Antenna Farm"
980:
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28:
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632:
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148:
1318:
Antenna engineering handbook By
Richard Clayton Johnson, Henry Jasik
1046:
filed legal objections, including challenging the authority of the
1031:
862:
779:
668:
628:
248:
1340:
Denver
Business Journal - HDTV tower project delayed by Amy Bryer
1131:
1022:, which have been pursuing with alacrity the construction of new
787:
783:
719:
585:
578:
1095:
1051:
723:
998:
Probably the most famous broadcast antenna farm of all is the
1115:
834:
567:
506:
243:
233:
123:
1078:, allowing the existing towers to be removed in 2009 after
854:
484:
1034:, in the late 1990s and early to mid-2000s. Many of the
602:
598:
987:
near Denver; Cedar Hill between Dallas and Fort Worth;
1355:
Denver
Lookout Mountain TV Tower Finished by Doug Lung
573:
transmitting or receiving antenna equipment, such as
1111:
Clear line of sight, especially for microwave dishes
909:to the north, Broadway Extension to the west and
1408:
1307:, Broadcasting-Telecasting, 14 October 1957, 79.
1281:"Fiber-Optics.Info - L-Band Satellite Transport"
865:into just one or two antennas, such as atop the
1054:permits by local government (in this case, the
1038:TV stations already transmitted analog TV from
991:near Phoenix; Nelson Peak near Salt Lake City;
960:in Knoxville, Tennessee, and Paris Mountain in
730:and others, because it increases the stations'
667:or military organizations and are mostly very
1120:Higher ground elevation, to maximize coverage
928:serves most of the FM and TV stations in the
531:
1085:
1082:. The site began operating in spring 2008.
1114:Free of radio interference, such as marine
897:due to Parma's high elevation. In central
694:), but also for safety, as there may be a
538:
524:
797:have at least one antenna farm, such as:
1392:Denver Finally Gets its DTV by Ken Freed
1089:
769:
705:
655:Commercial antenna farms are managed by
18:
765:
1409:
1061:). The city of Golden also sought to
893:has its antenna farm in the suburb of
650:
273:Wireless electronic devices and health
1137:
726:sites are very attractive for non-AM
485:Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)
279:International Telecommunication Union
1269:Wireless Crash Course By Paul Bedell
1254:Wireless telecom FAQs By Clint Smith
1130:Must be at least 20 miles away from
304:Radiation sources / regions
268:Wireless device radiation and health
16:Area dedicated to radio transmitting
291:World Radiocommunication Conference
13:
1170:Maintenance, repair and operations
1102:satellite antennas located at the
671:facilities with access limited to
14:
1438:
1127:structures and other obstructions
1048:Federal Communications Commission
1104:Raisting Satellite Earth Station
887:Miami and Fort Lauderdale region
776:Raisting Satellite Earth Station
54:
1381:
1359:
995:near Albuquerque, New Mexico.
1344:
1333:
1322:
1310:
1298:
1273:
1258:
1243:
1225:
1213:Echelon (signals intelligence)
924:of the Eastern United States,
1:
1218:
1013:
956:near Chattanooga, Tennessee,
154:Low-noise block downconverter
1422:Telecommunications equipment
1233:"MSN Encarta - antenna farm"
1050:(FCC) to override denial of
805:in the metro Boston market,
732:height above average terrain
701:
139:Counterpoise (ground system)
7:
1191:
1178:Telecommunications facility
392:Friis transmission equation
10:
1443:
1030:One such situation was in
985:Lookout Mountain, Colorado
979:in Clarendon Heights near
962:Greenville, South Carolina
952:) DMA. Other examples are
229:Municipal wireless network
1375:October 12, 2008, at the
1086:Antenna farm requirements
476:Bell Laboratories Layered
1036:Denver metropolitan area
971:in Birmingham, Alabama;
722:and road access allows,
562:is an area dedicated to
950:Johnson City, Tennessee
595:satellite dish antennas
509:Multiple Access (WSDMA)
507:Wideband Space Division
1107:
1098:(left) among multiple
975:near Los Angeles; the
790:
715:
239:Radio masts and towers
32:
1427:Broadcast engineering
1366:Broadcast Engineering
1316:Google Book Search -
1093:
1008:Empire State Building
922:Appalachian Mountains
867:Empire State Building
774:The dish farm at the
773:
709:
427:Signal-to-noise ratio
262:Safety and regulation
22:
1160:Electrical engineers
1004:September 11 attacks
946:Kingsport, Tennessee
766:In the United States
412:Radiation resistance
1149:Broadcast engineers
989:South Mountain Park
903:Kilpatrick Turnpike
851:Mount Rose ski area
811:greater Los Angeles
673:broadcast engineers
661:television stations
651:Safety and security
556:satellite dish farm
1397:2008-09-16 at the
1265:Google Book Search
1250:Google Book Search
1138:Antenna farm staff
1108:
1024:digital television
1000:World Trade Center
983:in San Francisco;
885:tower serving the
795:metropolitan areas
791:
728:broadcast stations
716:
571:telecommunications
478:Space-Time (BLAST)
332:Near and far field
33:
1067:Eldorado Mountain
1059:county commission
942:Bristol, Virginia
905:to the south and
813:(seen at right),
738:. With a clearer
616:towers or mobile
548:
547:
432:Spurious emission
417:Radio propagation
407:Radiation pattern
382:Equivalent radius
377:Electrical length
284:Radio Regulations
129:Block upconverter
31:, New Mexico, USA
1434:
1417:Antennas (radio)
1401:
1385:
1379:
1363:
1357:
1348:
1342:
1337:
1331:
1326:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1283:. Archived from
1277:
1271:
1262:
1256:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1235:. Archived from
1229:
1154:Air conditioning
1040:Lookout Mountain
938:Holston Mountain
827:Salt Lake Valley
714:, covered in ice
641:joint management
635:), the multiple
540:
533:
526:
305:
219:Cellular network
159:Passive radiator
58:
35:
34:
23:Antenna farm on
1442:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1431:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1399:Wayback Machine
1386:
1382:
1377:Wayback Machine
1364:
1360:
1349:
1345:
1338:
1334:
1327:
1323:
1315:
1311:
1303:
1299:
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1279:
1278:
1274:
1263:
1259:
1248:
1244:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1194:
1186:Security guards
1140:
1088:
1080:analog shutdown
1016:
954:Signal Mountain
891:Cleveland, Ohio
873:, the landmark
843:Television Hill
823:Farnsworth Peak
768:
704:
653:
631:, occasionally
589:
582:
544:
515:
514:
511:
508:
502:
498:Spread spectrum
493:Reconfiguration
480:
477:
471:
446:
438:
437:
436:
356:
355:Characteristics
348:
347:
346:
306:
303:
296:
295:
287:
281:
263:
255:
254:
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203:
195:
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118:
110:
109:
108:
68:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1440:
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1424:
1419:
1403:
1402:
1380:
1358:
1343:
1332:
1321:
1309:
1297:
1272:
1257:
1242:
1239:on 2009-12-16.
1223:
1222:
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1217:
1216:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1193:
1190:
1189:
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1157:
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1146:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1128:
1121:
1118:
1112:
1087:
1084:
1015:
1012:
881:, or the huge
847:Slide Mountain
815:Sweat Mountain
767:
764:
703:
700:
657:radio stations
652:
649:
637:mast radiators
587:
580:
546:
545:
543:
542:
535:
528:
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429:
424:
422:Radio spectrum
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389:
384:
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364:
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354:
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342:Vertical plane
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107:
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96:
94:Satellite dish
91:
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76:
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63:
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51:
50:
44:
43:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1425:
1423:
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1418:
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1400:
1396:
1393:
1389:
1388:TV Technology
1384:
1378:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1362:
1356:
1352:
1351:TV Technology
1347:
1341:
1336:
1330:
1325:
1319:
1313:
1306:
1301:
1287:on 2009-04-27
1286:
1282:
1276:
1270:
1266:
1261:
1255:
1251:
1246:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1224:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1208:Earth station
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1198:Antenna array
1196:
1195:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1164:power systems
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1158:
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1081:
1077:
1076:U.S. Congress
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1068:
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1060:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
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1037:
1033:
1028:
1025:
1021:
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1009:
1005:
1001:
996:
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990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
965:
963:
959:
958:Sharp's Ridge
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
926:Poor Mountain
923:
918:
916:
915:Oklahoma City
912:
911:Interstate 35
908:
907:Interstate 44
904:
900:
899:Oklahoma City
896:
892:
888:
884:
883:Miami Gardens
880:
879:San Francisco
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
819:metro Atlanta
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
789:
785:
781:
777:
772:
763:
759:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
740:line of sight
737:
736:radio horizon
733:
729:
725:
721:
713:
708:
699:
697:
693:
689:
685:
682:
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494:
491:
490:
486:
482:
479:
473:
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468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
452:Beam steering
450:
449:
442:
441:
433:
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220:
217:
215:
214:Amateur radio
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147:
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134:Coaxial cable
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41:
37:
36:
30:
26:
21:
1383:
1361:
1346:
1335:
1324:
1312:
1300:
1289:. Retrieved
1285:the original
1275:
1260:
1245:
1237:the original
1227:
1144:RF engineers
1029:
1017:
997:
993:Sandia Crest
973:Mount Wilson
969:Red Mountain
966:
919:
917:tower farm.
807:Mount Wilson
792:
760:
748:Eiffel Tower
717:
712:Mount Wilson
710:Antennas on
677:RF engineers
663:, satellite
654:
622:
559:
555:
552:antenna farm
551:
549:
322:Ground plane
209:Antenna farm
208:
66:Common types
1173:technicians
1020:TV stations
981:Mount Sutro
977:Sutro Tower
895:Parma, Ohio
875:Sutro Tower
837:, Florida,
724:mountaintop
692:metal theft
684:technicians
681:maintenance
618:cell towers
614:transmitter
462:Beamforming
367:Directivity
317:Focal cloud
179:Transmitter
29:Albuquerque
25:Sandia Peak
1411:Categories
1291:2009-05-17
1219:References
1123:Away from
1100:Cassegrain
1014:Objections
756:redundancy
645:candelabra
625:mediumwave
564:television
467:Small cell
445:Techniques
372:Efficiency
362:Array gain
117:Components
99:Television
1203:Ham radio
1125:high-rise
1056:Jefferson
934:Lynchburg
863:diplexers
853:) in the
839:Baltimore
831:Riverview
702:Locations
696:radiation
688:equipment
665:teleports
633:shortwave
560:dish farm
457:Beam tilt
337:Side lobe
327:Main lobe
312:Boresight
189:Twin-lead
149:Feed line
1395:Archived
1373:Archived
1192:See also
1132:airports
1032:Colorado
936:market.
871:New York
825:for the
780:Raisting
752:collapse
647:tower".
629:longwave
483:Massive
249:Wireless
164:Receiver
89:Monopole
48:Antennas
40:a series
38:Part of
1181:manager
1106:complex
1071:Boulder
1063:condemn
930:Roanoke
920:In the
803:Needham
788:Germany
784:Bavaria
720:terrain
224:Hotspot
202:Systems
169:Rotator
79:Fractal
1096:radome
1052:zoning
1044:Golden
799:Dedham
718:Where
669:secure
402:Height
387:Factor
74:Dipole
1162:(for
1116:radar
1069:near
859:Tahoe
835:Tampa
793:Most
744:Paris
568:radio
244:Wi-Fi
234:Radio
184:Tuner
124:Balun
27:near
855:Reno
845:and
627:and
592:band
397:Gain
174:Stub
144:Feed
104:Whip
84:Loop
877:of
869:in
841:'s
833:in
817:in
809:in
679:or
603:VHF
599:UHF
584:or
566:or
558:or
550:An
1413::
1390:-
1368:-
1353:-
1267:-
1252:-
1094:A
1010:.
964:.
889:.
829:,
821:,
786:,
782:,
758:.
746:’
675:,
659:,
611:FM
607:AM
597:,
577:,
554:,
42:on
1294:.
1166:)
948:-
944:-
932:/
857:/
849:(
801:/
690:/
609:/
605:/
601:/
588:a
586:K
581:u
579:K
575:C
539:e
532:t
525:v
286:)
282:(
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