538:
1191:
591:
1230:
1102:
1043:
130:, "For the Anglo-Saxon woman, brooches, pins, clasps and buckles were as essential to her clothing as modern button and zip-fasteners. However, decorative their appearance and however much they were used to express social and cultural identity, their primary role was to hold edges of garments together and to control loose flaps of clothing." Although women were the primary users of brooches in the early Anglo-Saxon era, archaeological evidence reveals that brooches were not found as often as a dress accessory in the late Anglo-Saxon period. Circular brooch styles, especially small, disc brooches were an ideal shape and size to function as cloak fasteners. This style of brooch, undecorated, is often associated with men after the beginning of the seventh century.
921:
479:
817:
1218:
521:
231:
223:
571:
428:
798:
690:
1179:
1165:
972:
450:
366:
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1203:
1094:
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338:
20:
39:
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272:
76:(incomplete ring), and the quoit (double ring, one of each of the previous types) brooches. The circular was the most common brooch form during the middle to late Anglo-Saxon era, with the enamelled and non-enamelled circular brooches being the predominant brooch styles. There are a few styles that fall into the miscellaneous category. These include the bird and S-shaped brooch of the early Anglo-Saxon era and the safety-pin, strip, ottonian, rectangular, and bird motif of the middle to late Anglo-Saxon era.
617:
391:
1136:
123:
be undecorated, simply decorated or more elaborately decorated. It would vary in size and shape. These ancient brooches can be divided into two main groups, long and circular forms. Brooches were constructed from various metals, including copper alloy, iron, silver, gold or a combination of metals. They could be made using a variety of techniques, including casting, inlaying or engraving. Casting was a frequently used technique, because many brooches could be made from the same mould.
649:
587:) disc brooches are complex, opulent brooches. At the beginning of the sixth century, jewellery craftsmen in Kent began to develop their own brooch styles based on a combination of existing Anglo-Saxon styles and techniques in addition to traditional European jewellery designs. These uncommon brooches, all inlaid with garnet, can be grouped into three main types: jewelled keystone, jewelled plated, and jewelled composite. They all date from the mid-sixth to the seventh century.
862:
669:. The multiple plates are bound together by rivets. This brooch is large, 40-85mm in diameter, and heavy due to the thick layer of filler between the middle and front plate. This style of brooch dates from the second half of the sixth century in Europe and the first half of the seventh century in Kent. The location of these brooches found in Anglo-Saxon graves indicates that the brooch was worn singly and quite a bit lower on the chest than other disc brooches.
730:
28:
321:, in the amount of animal decoration and often the inclusion of a disc on the bow of the brooch. The Continental-style consists of simpler animal decoration and is usually combined with inset garnets. Both types contain silver or silver-gilt, although the Continental-style brooch was also gilded with copper alloy. These brooches were cast in small and medium lengths, 45-100mm long.
293:
534:
excavations rarely uncover applied brooches that have not broken apart. The applied brooch is composed of a circular back plate, with a disc of gilt embossed foil on top, a bronze rim fastened to the edge, a pin support and a pin clasp. These brooches date from the mid-fifth to the late sixth century, and are found primarily in southern and eastern
England.
358:, although they are widely found throughout England. They are decorated in simple designs, usually consisting of a small bronze bow. They are similar to the cruciform style brooch style and have been described as an inexpensive substitute to the cruciform brooch. They can be dated from the late fifth to the sixth century. These brooches disappear from
492:
that Anglo-Saxon disc brooches developed from earlier Romano-British disc brooches. The brooches are small, primarily 30-40mm in diameter. They are often found with a white metal coating on the front plate. matching and un-matching pairs. Disc brooches date from 450 to 550 AD during the same time that gilt saucer brooches were popular.
419:. Radiate-heads are typically made from copper alloy with a small percentage being made in silver. Their distinguishing characteristic is a semi-circular head plate with ornamented knobs or terminals radiating outward. The brooch head has been found in triangular and oval shapes. The foot is typically triangular or lozenge-shaped.
905:. It is believed that five of the six the brooches date to the ninth century and one brooch was probably made in the tenth century. The largest brooch's size and several bosses (raised ornaments) are similar in style to brooches of the later ninth and tenth centuries. Another well-known openwork example is the silver and
119:. The Anglo-Saxon era consists of three different time periods: The early Anglo-Saxon era, which spans the mid-fifth to the beginning of the seventh century; the middle Anglo-Saxon era, which covers the seventh through the ninth centuries; and the late Anglo-Saxon era, which includes the tenth and eleventh centuries.
181:
period. Safety-pin brooches, more abundant in the early Anglo-Saxon period became more uncommon by the seventh century and by the eighth century, evolve into the strip brooch. Miscellaneous brooches during this time period include the bird, the ottonian, the rectangle and the cross motif. The best-known examples of
462:
Relief style. The long equal-arm brooch is a much longer than wide brooch compared to the other two equal-arm styles. The terminals generally taper away from the bow, which is different from the wide and
Anglian equal-arm. The Anglian style is not common. The name indicates where the brooch is generally found,
945:
Brooch styles were predominantly circular by the middle to late Anglo-Saxon era. The circular forms can be divided into enamelled and non-enamelled styles. Ansate brooches, traditional brooches from Europe migrated to
England and became fashionable in the late Anglo-Saxon period. Safety-pin brooches,
845:
The brooch was popular from the sixth to seventh centuries, although worn as late as the eighth century. It has a geographical distribution similar to the annular brooch: throughout southern
England, the midlands, east anglia and north east England. After the seventh century, the pennannular brooches
725:
These simple brooches are often decorated with stamps or diagonal grooves, but many of this style are undecorated. The flat annular often displays a shiny surface, which is possibly the result of the brooch brushing against clothing. This glossy finish has not been observed on other early Anglo Saxon
721:
The flat annular is the most common annular brooch form in early Anglo-Saxon
England. It is constructed with a flat, wide circular ring, generally 35mm to 65mm in diameter. The ring is usually cast in copper alloy with a pin generally made of iron. The flat annular is constructed with either a closed
508:
A saucer brooch is a circular-shaped brooch with a decorated front plate, surrounded by an upturned rim. The brooch was typically cast in a single piece in copper alloy, gilded and then secured with a pin. There are many varieties of ornamentation, generally geometric in design. Saucers were popular
491:
The plain disc brooch was cast in copper alloy. The front plate was either plain or decorated with a simple pattern, usually a carved or stamped design. The
Kentish disc brooches were a more highly ornamented version of the plain disc brooch with inlaid garnet or multi-coloured glass. It is possible
440:
database, "The âsupporting armâ is in fact wings, each with a perforated lug on the reverse to hold the pin bar, around which the spring is wrapped. There can be a third or even a fourth perforated lug in the centre. The foot is normally short and slightly flared, with transverse grooves and bevelled
180:
A few non-circular style were fashionable during the eighth through eleventh centuries. The ansate, the safety-pin, the strip and a few other styles can be included in this group. Ansate brooches were traditional brooches from Europe migrated to
England and became fashionable in the late Anglo-Saxon
979:
A strip brooch is constructed from a single piece of copper alloy. "Strip brooches can be made in one of two ways. Either the brooch is in one piece, with one end extended into a spring and pin and the other bent into a catchplate; or the plate has a separate riveted-on spring, pin and catch plate."
805:
The miscellaneous forms of annular brooch are: the broad-framed brooch, the chunkier annular brooch with ribbed decoration, and the late Anglo-Saxon period annular brooches. The broad-framed was a smaller brooch with a wider frame than the typical annular brooch. The chunkier annular is uncommon. It
350:
The small-long brooch is similar to the cruciform and the great square-headed brooch. These copper alloy brooches have the greatest number of design variations of Anglo-Saxon brooches created in the early Anglo-Saxon era. The small-long head includes square, trefoil and cross shapes and the foot can
329:
These brooches are smaller versions of the great square-headed brooches. They are typically made from copper alloy, with a small percentage made from silver. They are usually gilded and can have relief decoration. They can be dated from 500 to 575 AD. They are found throughout southern
England, but
122:
The brooches worn in Anglo-Saxon
England were decorative clothing fasteners, with the general purpose of joining pieces of clothing together. They typically consisted of a pin, clasp, and spring, which were concealed by the front-facing plate. Depending on the style, the brooch face (or plate) could
777:
Style of the Anglo-Saxon era was named for this elaborate brooch. The brooch "consists of a decorated, flat ring enclosing a penannular ring, secured by a pin that passes through a slit in the penannular ring and is held by knobs. The outer annular ring is characteristically decorated in concentric
474:
Circular brooches, also known as disc brooches, are circular-shaped brooches, usually decorated with various geometrical designs. They are generally made in copper alloy can also be found in silver and gold. These brooches were popular in early Anglo-Saxon
England in the fifth and sixth centuries.
461:
brooches. In the Early Anglo-Saxon time period, equal arms have triangular head and feet. The three styles of equal armed brooches are: wide, long and Anglian. The wide equal-arm is a large brooch with a triangular head and foot, narrowing toward the bow. These brooches are often made in the Saxon
247:
Square-headed brooches typically have rectangular heads, not square as described by their name. The foot is generally lozenge-shaped. This brooch is cross-shaped in some types, with animal ornamentation where the bow and foot connect. The square-heads originated in Scandinavia in the fifth century
238:
Long brooches, also known as bow brooches, originated from Roman Iron Age bow-shaped brooches. They include several varieties of square-headed brooches, as well as small-long, cruciform, equal-headed and radiate-headed brooches. Longs consist of a head and a foot and a section in the middle called
176:
During the seventh century, all brooches in England were in decline. They reappeared in the eighth century and continued to be fashionable through the end of the Anglo-Saxon era. Brooch styles were predominantly circular by the middle to late Anglo-Saxon era. During this time period, the preferred
1122:
There were a variety of miscellaneous enamelled and non-enamelled brooch styles during this period. The most common were the rectangular, bird-shaped, ottonian and cross-shape styles. Most of the rectangular brooches found in England are non-enamelled, and can be grouped into those with straight
962:
Safety-pins are fairly uncommon in the seventh century. Made in silver or copper alloy, these simple clothing fasteners resemble modern day safety-pins. A single piece of wire is coiled at the top of the brooch and forms the spring to the pin. Beginning in the eighth century, this form of brooch
680:
is our most elaborate example of the type, with more concentric circles than any other, cloisonnés of great complexity, contrasting colours--two shades of garnet blue glass and gold--filigree ornament representing serpentine animals and, on the back, a decorated pin catch with an animal and bird
284:
Great square-headed brooches measure 100-150mm long. They are generally large and heavy brooches. They are the most common brooch style found in high-status female graves in the fifth and sixth centuries. Great square-headed brooches are generally made of copper alloy, and surface treatments of
1004:
The ansante brooch is probably the least studied brooch of Anglo-Saxon England. This traditionally styled brooch was once considered by scholars to be a rare European jewellery item, imported to England during the Anglo-Saxon era. With the rise of metal detecting over the last thirty years, the
387:. They were worn from the early fifth to the middle of the sixth century. Cruciform brooches have been found in Anglo-Saxon graves in three separate body locations: two brooches at the shoulders pointing up, two brooches on the chest pointing down and one brooches on the chest pointing across.
1021:
The circular brooch is the primary brooch type from the seventh through the eleventh centuries. The circular brooches of this time perdiod can divided into enamelled and non-enamelled types. There are many outstanding brooches created in the ninth through the eleventh centuries. A few of these
1000:
in the fifth through the seventh centuries, the ansante brooch migrated to England in the seventh century, and was in common use by the tenth century. The brooch is characterized as having two equal-sized terminals with a curved (bow) section in the middle. They are small brooches, typically
533:
The applied brooch, also known as the applied saucer or applied disc brooch, resembles the saucer brooch in appearance. This brooch is assembled in separate parts, unlike the saucer brooch which is cast as an entire piece. Because the brooch is constructed in separate pieces, archaeological
83:
styles that had migrated from Europe. These styles evolved over time in England. In the sixth century, metalworkers from Kent, and eventually other regions, started creating brooches using their own distinctive styles and techniques. The best-known examples of Anglo-Saxon brooches are the
770:. The earliest of these jewellery items were large, opulent silver brooches made in Kent in the mid-fifth century. The quoits were probably worn alone. There were variations made in copper alloy in the fifth and sixth centuries which were mostly likely worn in pairs on the shoulders.
1123:
sides and those with convex sides. Ottonian brooches were complex, three dimensional brooches imported from Europe. Bird shaped brooches of this era generally consist of a raised wing, fan shaped tail, and crested head. They also display two legs with claws that are joined together.
633:. It is typically 38-57mm in diameter, constructed in two distinct pieces: a backplate cast in silver with a raised rim, and a gold front plate that is attached to the back plate, with a circular opening where the inner setting is placed. The central setting is surrounded by
550:
The button brooch is a small brooch, similar in shape to the saucer brooch. The brooch is typically decorated with the design of a human face. A popular button design was an image of a "chubby mustachioed face". The brooch was used in the fifth and sixth centuries, primarily
841:
is usually garnished with parallel marks or a ring of stamps. There are two main categories of the pennanular brooch found in Early Anglo-Saxon graves: one form with coiled terminals and another form with multifaceted terminals. Both forms were worn at the shoulders.
239:
the bow. The bow section curves from the head to the foot, and the angle of the arch can vary depending upon the style. Roman brooches had a much larger bow than Anglo-Saxon brooches. By the fifth century, the brooch bow was just a small bump in the middle.
398:
A cruciform brooch can be identified by three knobs or terminals on the head of the brooch. Cruciforms are usually cast in copper alloy, with the knobs often made separately. Cruciforms can range in ornamentation from simple to a more elaborate decoration.
933:
from Kent created their own distinct style of bird brooch. The chunky European bird that faced right became a slender English bird brooch that faced left when made in southern England. The Anglo-Saxon bird brooches date from 500 to 500AD in England.
1053:
is the process of using extremely high heat to fuse glass onto a prepared metal surface. The technique enables the craftsman to create brightly coloured images. Anglo-Saxon enamelled brooches can be grouped into two main enamelling techniques:
612:
and a gilded rim. The jewelled keystone varies in detail and size from small and simple, 23â40 mm diameter, to larger and more elaborate, 32â52 mm diameter. Keystone brooches were generally worn individually near the throat.
709:. It consists of a closed ring of wire or flattened metal with a pin set across it. The brooch style is plain, decorated simply with parallel marks or a circle of stamps. There are three main styles of annular brooch: flat annular,
928:
Brooches that do not fall into the circular or long category were uncommon in Early Anglo-Saxon England. Of these brooches, the bird or S-shaped were the most popular. Bird shaped brooches are generally found in the Kent area.
378:
Cruciform brooches are fairly common in early Anglo-Saxon England. Cruciform style brooches may have originated in both Europe and Scandinavia during the second half of the 4th century. They are found predominantly in eastern
603:
The keystone brooch is cast in one piece, most often in silver or copper alloy. It has a circular setting surrounded by three or four keystone garnets or pieces of glass and alternating sections of raised decoration, often in
1085:
Anglo-Saxon craftsmen used a variety of enamelling techniques, with champlevé enamelling being the most common. The three most popular enamelled brooch styles of this period were the enamelled cross, the saint motif, and the
513:. They have been found in large numbers in Anglo-Saxon burial sites, dating from the fifth century to the early seventh century. Gilded saucer brooches are found in female graves in every part of southern and central
435:
The supporting arm brooch is a T-shaped brooch. It dates to the early Anglo-Saxon era, 400 to 450 AD. This brooch style evolved from Roman brooches, but it also displays Germanic characteristics. According to the
809:
The late Anglo-Saxon annular brooches, popular in the sixth and seventh centuries, trended toward a smaller size over time. The ornamentation of the late style is often undecorated, simple or decorated in
980:
These style can be grouped based on the style of the brooch front. One style is similar to a modem safety-pin; another style has a flat and narrow front plate and a third style has a lozenge-form plate.
1078:
process requires the casting of shallow sunken cells into the body of the metal, and then the cells are filled with enamel. CloisonnĂ© means âpartitionedâ, and this process involves creating cells by
65:) brooch. The long brooch category includes cruciform, square-headed, radiate-headed, and small-long brooch brooches. The long brooches went out of fashion by the end of the sixth century.
837:
This brooch is composed of an incomplete circle of wire or flattened metal with a pin lying across it. It is less common than the annular brooch. Similar in decoration to the annular, the
260:, there are various types of square-headed brooches, including the great square-head, the small square-head and the Kentish square-head. Square-headed brooches were frequently found in
1190:
1114:
There are many variations of the non-enamelled circular brooch. The most common styles include: the back-turned animal, coin, cross, concentric circle, stepped and cogwheel forms.
806:
has a thicker oval frame and cast decoration with diagonally marked edges. Scholars have been unable to date these brooches beyond a range of late fifth to early eighth century.
661:
The jewelled composite brooch is quite rare. It is constructed of three plates: a front plate made of gold, silver or copper alloy with a setting of roundels and other shapes in
785:, discovered in an Anglo-Saxon cemetery near Kent. It is intricately decorated with three-dimensional birds on the annular ring and on the pin. It currently can be found in the
72:
in the early sixth century. In the early Anglo-Saxon era, the circular brooch type included the saucer, the applied saucer, the button, the annular (circular ring form), the
537:
878:
The openwork disc consists of a metal ring with an openwork design. These delicate brooches were usually made in copper alloy, although the most famous examples, the
334:. These brooches were usually decorated in symbols and cryptic marks instead of the geometric and animal designs associated with the larger square-headed brooches.
1229:
1816:
Owen-Crocker, Gale R. (2002). "Reviewed Work: The Quoit Brooch Style and Anglo-Saxon Settlement: A Casting and Recasting of Cultural Identity Symbols".
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ring or an open ring with overlapping ends. With the open ring style, each end contains a hole in which a small pin or bolt is passed to join the ring.
177:
styles were the annular and jewelled (Kentish) disc brooch styles. The circular forms can be divided generally into enamelled and non-enamelled styles.
1876:
1851:
289:. Analysis of brooch artefacts has revealed that each square-headed brooch is unique and probably custom made for individuals by traveling craftsmen.
1217:
590:
697:
The annular brooch style dates from the fifth to the seventh centuries in Anglo-Saxon England. It was common throughout southern England, the
946:
more common in the early Anglo-Saxon period, became less fashionable by the seventh century. The safety-pin evolved into the strip brooch.
1149:
2066:
The Art of the Anglo-Saxon Goldsmith: Fine Metalwork in Anglo-Saxon England: its Practice and Practitioners (Anglo-Saxon Studies)
1202:
937:
The S-shaped brooches migrated from Continental Europe and can be found throughout Anglo-Saxon England and date from 450â550AD.
2002:
The Spindle and the Spear: A Critical Enquiry into the Construction and Meaning of Gender in the Early Anglo-Saxon Burial Rite
1101:
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A New Corpus of Anglo-Saxon Great Square-Headed Brooches (Reports of the Research Committee of the Society of Antiquaries)
478:
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2009:
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with a double ring, and is intricately decorated. The descriptive name originates from the rings thrown in the game of
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Equal-arm brooches typically have identically shaped and sized head and feet. They are inspired by similarly designed
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567:, which tend to be smaller, 15â23 mm diameter. The Kent buttons were typically worn singly on the chest.
157:. The long brooch is the style associated with early Anglo-Saxon England. Circular brooches first appeared in
520:
1241:
2177:
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and date from the early sixth century. The delicate brooches were commonly worn in pairs on the shoulders.
1928:
1013:
database, these brooches now are considered a common brooch style of the mid to late Anglo-Saxon England.
230:
222:
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discs and multiple triangles. This brooch style dates from the late sixth to the early 7th centuries.
570:
427:
407:
Radiate-headed brooches were popular in sixth century Kent, probably the result of the high number of
2182:
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Ansante (bow) brooches are equal-armed brooches that originated in Europe. A popular brooch style in
2192:
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689:
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127:
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Brooches of the Anglo-Saxon era were worn primarily by women. According to clothing historian,
971:
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1992:
1983:
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circles of lightly chip-carved geometric motifs, quadrupeds, sea creatures and human masks".
169:
square-headed brooch and the circular (Kentish) jewelled brooches were styles originating in
2095:
449:
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gilding, silvering and tinning are common. These jewellery items are typically decorated in
2157:
1270:
555:.The button ranges in size from 26â31mm diameter for brooches found in the region from the
292:
1300:
186:
85:
8:
997:
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1093:
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era, there were two main categories of brooch: the long (bow) brooch and the circular (
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began manufacturing brooches using their own distinctive styles and techniques. The
38:
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The most important collection of openwork brooches was found by a gravedigger in a
560:
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337:
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173:. The circular form was the preferred brooch type by the end of the sixth century.
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101:
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measuring between 30-50mm in diameter. Most brooches are made in copper alloy.
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in 1997, and the addition of a considerable number of brooch artefacts to the
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in the middle of the fifth century. During the sixth century, craftsmen from
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517:. There are three categories of saucer brooch: saucer, applied and button.
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317:-style. The Jutish-style brooches closely resemble brooches originating in
286:
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182:
139:
113:
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The circular brooch form developed from jewelled disc brooches produced in
58:
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Brooches in Late Anglo-Saxon England with a North West European Context
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be found in triangular, lobed, crescent, bifurcated or lozenge shapes.
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people migrating to the region". This brooch style originated on the
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The majority of brooches found in early Anglo-Saxon England were
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1987:. In Hamerow, Helena; Hinton, David A.; Crawford, Sally (eds.).
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churchyard in 1978. The six brooch treasure, later named the
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brooches were cast in silver. They are commonly found in the
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Anglo-Saxon Button Brooches: Typology, Genealogy, Chronology
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466:. The Anglian equal-arm brooch generally has no decoration.
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Cloth and Clothing in Early Anglo-saxon England AD 450-700
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The middle of the fifth century marked the beginning of
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from the fifth to the eleventh centuries. In the early
2004:. British Archaeological Reports, British Series 288.
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1982:
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781:The most important example of this style is the
2064:Coatsworth, Elizabeth; Pinder, Michael (2012).
1680:"Anglo-Saxon Discovery Radiate Headed Brooches"
2102:The Quoit Brooch Style and Anglo-Saxon England
1989:The Oxford Handbook of Anglo-Saxon Archaeology
2158:Decoding the Anglo-Saxon square-headed brooch
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1355:
212:
2084:The Cruciform Brooch and Anglo-Saxon England
1977:
1963:(rev. ed.). Woodbridge: Boydell Press.
1955:
1915:
1815:
1761:
1710:
1666:
1461:
1446:
1379:
1367:
1343:
1331:
1319:
362:sites earlier than other places in England.
354:Small-longs are predominantly found in East
2153:Metal detecting, brooch artefacts website
1503:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1082:vertical cell walls to a disc backplate.
912:, which also dates to the ninth century.
2086:, 2015, Boydell & Brewer Ltd, 2015,
1999:
1414:
1100:
1092:
1041:
987:
970:
948:
919:
915:
860:
815:
796:
728:
688:
647:
615:
589:
569:
536:
519:
494:
477:
448:
426:
389:
364:
336:
300:
291:
270:
256:toward the end of the fifth century. In
229:
221:
138:The majority of brooches found in early
42:Radiate-headed brooch, early 7th century
37:
26:
18:
23:Great square-headed brooch, 6th century
2170:
1507:
1484:
330:are primarily associated with eastern
324:
279:
2044:
656:
1991:. Oxford University Press. pp.
598:
469:
2163:Portable Antiquities Scheme website
2118:, 2008, Boydell Press, Woodbridge,
2104:, 2000, Boydell Press, Woodbridge,
2023:. Council for British Archaeology.
941:Middle to Late Anglo-Saxon brooches
641:decoration, which usually includes
629:This brooch is rare and limited to
608:. The brooch is usually edged with
13:
2038:
1117:
624:
14:
2219:
2146:
1929:"ChamplevĂ© Enamelling, 1100â1250"
1074:translates to 'partitioned'. The
509:in Saxon areas in south and west
422:
402:
2019:Walton-Rogers, Penelope (2007).
1240:
1228:
1216:
1201:
1189:
1177:
1163:
1148:
1134:
1109:
873:
801:Annular brooch with animal heads
792:
578:
383:, from Kent and as far north as
242:
217:
49:are a large group of decorative
1984:"Chapter 7: Dress and Identity"
1569:"Portable Antiquities brooches"
1046:Cloisonné enamelled disc brooch
1022:elaborate brooches include the
963:evolved into the strip brooch.
716:
665:and typically garnet and glass
205:and the silver brooches of the
16:Anglo-Saxon decorative brooches
2135:, 2012, British Museum Press,
149:styles that had migrated from
1:
1512:(PhD). University of Reading.
1307:
1223:Openwork silver disk brooches
1130:
1097:Backward turned animal brooch
957:
824:
345:
305:There are two main styles of
133:
1961:Dress in Anglo-Saxon England
1158:brooches, Irish Viking style
1037:
444:
373:
7:
1573:Portable Antiquities Scheme
1253:
1016:
1011:Portable Antiquities Scheme
1007:Portable Antiquities Scheme
438:Portable Antiquities Scheme
107:
10:
2224:
1949:
1933:Victoria and Albert Museum
1235:Great square-headed brooch
1126:
830:
751:
684:
528:
309:square-headed brooch: the
296:Small square-headed brooch
213:Early Anglo-Saxon brooches
1066:means âraised fieldâ in
983:
762:combines the annular and
713:style and miscellaneous.
545:
503:
2203:Archaeological artifacts
1030:and the brooches of the
975:Lozengiform strip brooch
966:
745:
594:Jewelled keystone brooch
583:Jewelled (also known as
2208:Anglo-Saxon archaeology
2000:Stoodley, Nick (1999).
1196:Kentish Keystone brooch
652:Composite disc brooches
486:
482:7th century disc brooch
1508:Weetch, Rosie (2014).
1106:
1098:
1047:
993:
976:
954:
925:
870:
821:
802:
742:
694:
653:
621:
595:
575:
542:
525:
500:
483:
454:
432:
395:
370:
356:Kingdom of East Anglia
342:
297:
276:
235:
234:Anglo-Saxon Bow brooch
227:
128:Penelope Walton Rogers
43:
35:
24:
1957:Owen-Crocker, Gale R.
1104:
1096:
1045:
991:
974:
952:
923:
916:Other shaped brooches
864:
819:
800:
732:
692:
651:
619:
593:
573:
559:down to the coast of
540:
523:
498:
481:
452:
431:Supporting Arm Brooch
430:
394:Radiate-headed brooch
393:
368:
340:
301:Kentish Square-headed
295:
274:
233:
225:
41:
30:
22:
2045:Hines, John (1998).
1271:Migration period art
574:Jewelled disc brooch
524:Applied brooch plate
275:Square-headed brooch
47:Anglo-Saxon brooches
2178:Anglo-Saxon society
1877:"Strickland brooch"
1788:, pp. 115â116.
1776:, pp. 113â114.
1370:, pp. 206â208.
998:Northwestern Europe
325:Small square-headed
280:Great square-headed
226:Iron-age bow brooch
1979:Owen-Crocker, Gale
1904:Walton-Rogers 2007
1801:Walton-Rogers 2007
1786:Walton-Rogers 2007
1774:Walton-Rogers 2007
1743:Walton-Rogers 2007
1728:Walton-Rogers 2007
1655:Walton-Rogers 2007
1638:Walton-Rogers 2007
1623:Walton-Rogers 2007
1611:Walton-Rogers 2007
1594:Walton-Rogers 2007
1575:. 7 September 2018
1479:Walton-Rogers 2007
1430:Walton-Rogers 2007
1356:Walton-Rogers 2007
1107:
1099:
1048:
994:
977:
955:
926:
924:Bird-shaped brooch
871:
822:
803:
743:
707:North East England
695:
657:Jewelled composite
654:
622:
620:Plated disc brooch
596:
576:
543:
526:
501:
484:
455:
453:Equal armed brooch
433:
396:
371:
343:
298:
277:
236:
228:
44:
36:
25:
2114:Suzuki, Seiichi,
2100:Suzuki, Seiichi,
2094:, 9781843839934,
2082:Martin, Toby F.,
2068:. Boydell Press.
2049:. Boydell Press.
1916:Owen-Crocker 2004
1762:Owen-Crocker 2004
1711:Owen-Crocker 2004
1667:Owen-Crocker 2004
1462:Owen-Crocker 2004
1447:Owen-Crocker 2004
1417:, pp. 17â19.
1380:Owen-Crocker 2011
1368:Owen-Crocker 2004
1344:Owen-Crocker 2004
1332:Owen-Crocker 2011
1320:Owen-Crocker 2004
1286:Hunterston Brooch
1276:Strickland Brooch
1211:(not Anglo-Saxon)
1209:Penannular brooch
1024:Strickland Brooch
953:Safety pin brooch
910:Strickland Brooch
833:Penannular brooch
820:Penannular brooch
674:Gale Owen-Crocker
599:Jewelled keystone
470:Circular brooches
341:Small-long brooch
199:Strickland Brooch
185:brooches are the
98:Strickland Brooch
32:Strickland Brooch
2215:
2183:English clothing
2079:
2060:
2034:
2015:
1996:
1986:
1974:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1925:
1919:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1824:(4): 1401â1403.
1813:
1804:
1798:
1789:
1783:
1777:
1771:
1765:
1759:
1746:
1740:
1731:
1725:
1714:
1708:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1684:Ashmolean Museum
1676:
1670:
1664:
1658:
1652:
1641:
1635:
1626:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1597:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1565:
1514:
1513:
1505:
1482:
1476:
1465:
1459:
1450:
1444:
1433:
1427:
1418:
1412:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1335:
1329:
1323:
1317:
1247:Cruciform brooch
1244:
1232:
1220:
1205:
1193:
1181:
1167:
1152:
1138:
1005:creation of the
901:, is now in the
561:Southern England
553:Southern England
369:Cruciform brooch
2223:
2222:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2212:
2193:Anglo-Saxon art
2168:
2167:
2149:
2133:Anglo-Saxon Art
2129:Webster, Leslie
2076:
2057:
2041:
2039:Further reading
2031:
2012:
1971:
1952:
1947:
1937:
1935:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1914:
1910:
1902:
1895:
1885:
1883:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1860:
1858:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1830:10.2307/3301310
1814:
1807:
1799:
1792:
1784:
1780:
1772:
1768:
1760:
1749:
1741:
1734:
1726:
1717:
1709:
1698:
1688:
1686:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1665:
1661:
1653:
1644:
1636:
1629:
1621:
1617:
1609:
1600:
1592:
1588:
1578:
1576:
1567:
1566:
1517:
1506:
1485:
1477:
1468:
1460:
1453:
1445:
1436:
1428:
1421:
1413:
1386:
1378:
1374:
1366:
1362:
1354:
1350:
1342:
1338:
1330:
1326:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1266:Anglo Saxon art
1256:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1236:
1233:
1224:
1221:
1212:
1206:
1197:
1194:
1185:
1182:
1173:
1171:Kingston Brooch
1168:
1159:
1153:
1144:
1139:
1129:
1120:
1112:
1105:Cogwheel brooch
1040:
1019:
986:
969:
960:
943:
918:
876:
865:Openwork disc,
835:
829:
795:
764:penannular form
756:
750:
719:
687:
678:Kingston Brooch
659:
627:
625:Jewelled plated
601:
581:
548:
531:
506:
489:
472:
447:
425:
405:
376:
348:
327:
313:-style and the
303:
287:Salin's Style I
282:
252:and south into
245:
220:
215:
203:Kingston Brooch
136:
110:
102:Kingston Brooch
17:
12:
11:
5:
2221:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2166:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2148:
2147:External links
2145:
2144:
2143:
2126:
2124:978-1843833628
2112:
2098:
2080:
2075:978-0851158839
2074:
2061:
2056:978-0851156798
2055:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2030:978-1902771540
2029:
2016:
2011:978-1841711171
2010:
1997:
1975:
1969:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1920:
1918:, p. 208.
1908:
1906:, p. 122.
1893:
1881:British Museum
1868:
1856:British Museum
1843:
1805:
1803:, p. 116.
1790:
1778:
1766:
1747:
1745:, p. 114.
1732:
1730:, p. 115.
1715:
1696:
1671:
1659:
1657:, p. 117.
1642:
1640:, p. 118.
1627:
1625:, p. 120.
1615:
1613:, p. 119.
1598:
1596:, p. 112.
1586:
1515:
1483:
1481:, p. 113.
1466:
1464:, p. 138.
1451:
1434:
1432:, p. 121.
1419:
1384:
1382:, p. 101.
1372:
1360:
1358:, p. 111.
1348:
1336:
1324:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1301:Ădwen's brooch
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1249:
1246:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1215:
1213:
1207:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1176:
1174:
1169:
1162:
1160:
1154:
1147:
1145:
1140:
1133:
1128:
1125:
1119:
1116:
1111:
1108:
1039:
1036:
1018:
1015:
992:Ansante brooch
985:
982:
968:
965:
959:
956:
942:
939:
917:
914:
903:British Museum
875:
872:
831:Main article:
828:
823:
794:
791:
787:British Museum
752:Main article:
749:
744:
718:
715:
693:Annular brooch
686:
683:
658:
655:
626:
623:
600:
597:
580:
577:
547:
544:
530:
527:
505:
502:
488:
485:
471:
468:
446:
443:
424:
423:Supporting-arm
421:
404:
403:Radiate-headed
401:
375:
372:
347:
344:
326:
323:
302:
299:
281:
278:
248:and spread to
244:
241:
219:
216:
214:
211:
135:
132:
109:
106:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2220:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2142:
2141:9780714128092
2138:
2134:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2071:
2067:
2062:
2058:
2052:
2048:
2043:
2042:
2032:
2026:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1970:9781843830818
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1953:
1934:
1930:
1924:
1917:
1912:
1905:
1900:
1898:
1882:
1878:
1872:
1857:
1853:
1852:"Disc brooch"
1847:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1812:
1810:
1802:
1797:
1795:
1787:
1782:
1775:
1770:
1764:, p. 41.
1763:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1744:
1739:
1737:
1729:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1713:, p. 40.
1712:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1685:
1681:
1675:
1669:, p. 39.
1668:
1663:
1656:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1639:
1634:
1632:
1624:
1619:
1612:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1595:
1590:
1574:
1570:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1511:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1480:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1463:
1458:
1456:
1449:, p. 42.
1448:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1431:
1426:
1424:
1416:
1415:Stoodley 1999
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1381:
1376:
1369:
1364:
1357:
1352:
1346:, p. 37.
1345:
1340:
1334:, p. 97.
1333:
1328:
1322:, p. 10.
1321:
1316:
1312:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1291:Celtic brooch
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1281:Fuller Brooch
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1243:
1238:
1231:
1226:
1219:
1214:
1210:
1204:
1199:
1192:
1187:
1184:Button brooch
1180:
1175:
1172:
1166:
1161:
1157:
1156:Penrith Hoard
1151:
1146:
1143:
1142:Fuller brooch
1137:
1132:
1131:
1124:
1118:Miscellaneous
1115:
1110:Non-enamelled
1103:
1095:
1091:
1089:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1044:
1035:
1033:
1032:Pentney Hoard
1029:
1028:Fuller Brooch
1025:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1002:
999:
990:
981:
973:
964:
951:
947:
938:
935:
932:
922:
913:
911:
908:
904:
900:
899:Pentney Hoard
896:
892:
887:
885:
881:
880:Pentney Hoard
874:Openwork disc
868:
863:
859:
858:art styles.
857:
853:
849:
846:were made in
843:
840:
834:
827:
818:
814:
813:
807:
799:
793:Miscellaneous
790:
788:
784:
779:
776:
771:
769:
765:
761:
755:
748:
740:
736:
731:
727:
723:
714:
712:
708:
704:
700:
691:
682:
679:
675:
672:According to
670:
668:
664:
650:
646:
644:
640:
636:
632:
618:
614:
611:
607:
592:
588:
586:
579:Jewelled disc
572:
568:
566:
562:
558:
557:Thames Valley
554:
541:Button brooch
539:
535:
522:
518:
516:
512:
499:Saucer brooch
497:
493:
480:
476:
467:
465:
460:
451:
442:
439:
429:
420:
418:
414:
410:
400:
392:
388:
386:
382:
367:
363:
361:
357:
352:
339:
335:
333:
322:
320:
316:
312:
308:
294:
290:
288:
273:
269:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
243:Square-headed
240:
232:
224:
218:Long brooches
210:
208:
207:Pentney Hoard
204:
200:
196:
195:Fuller Brooch
192:
188:
187:Sutton brooch
184:
178:
174:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
141:
131:
129:
124:
120:
118:
115:
105:
103:
99:
95:
94:Fuller Brooch
91:
87:
86:Sutton brooch
82:
77:
75:
71:
66:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
40:
34:, 9th century
33:
29:
21:
2132:
2115:
2101:
2096:google books
2083:
2065:
2046:
2020:
2001:
1988:
1960:
1936:. Retrieved
1932:
1923:
1911:
1884:. Retrieved
1880:
1871:
1859:. Retrieved
1855:
1846:
1821:
1817:
1781:
1769:
1687:. Retrieved
1683:
1674:
1662:
1618:
1589:
1577:. Retrieved
1572:
1509:
1375:
1363:
1351:
1339:
1327:
1315:
1296:Quoit brooch
1121:
1113:
1084:
1049:
1020:
1003:
995:
978:
961:
944:
936:
927:
888:
877:
844:
836:
808:
804:
783:Sarre brooch
780:
775:Quoit Brooch
772:
760:quoit brooch
757:
754:Quoit brooch
739:Quoit brooch
735:Sarre Brooch
734:
724:
720:
717:Flat annular
696:
671:
660:
628:
602:
582:
563:to those of
549:
532:
507:
490:
473:
456:
434:
406:
397:
377:
353:
349:
328:
304:
283:
266:East Anglian
246:
237:
191:Sarre brooch
179:
175:
137:
125:
121:
111:
90:Sarre brooch
78:
67:
46:
45:
726:brooches.
703:East Anglia
464:East Anglia
315:Continental
183:Anglo-Saxon
155:Scandinavia
147:Continental
140:Anglo-Saxon
114:Anglo-Saxon
81:Continental
59:Anglo-Saxon
2172:Categories
2110:0851157491
2092:1843839938
1308:References
1051:Enamelling
958:Safety pin
839:penannular
826:Penannular
346:Small-long
134:Chronology
100:, and the
74:penannular
2198:Jewellery
1959:(2004) .
1088:cloisonné
1080:soldering
1076:champlevé
1072:cloisonné
1064:Champlevé
1060:cloisonné
1056:champlevé
1038:Enamelled
667:cloisonné
639:cloisonné
445:Equal-arm
413:Continent
374:Cruciform
53:found in
2188:Brooches
1981:(2011).
1818:Speculum
1689:14 April
1579:16 April
1254:See also
1090:brooch.
1017:Circular
931:Artesans
884:Midlands
812:Style II
699:Midlands
681:heads."
676:, "The
663:filigree
643:roundels
635:filigree
441:edges."
409:Frankish
268:graves.
108:Overview
51:brooches
1950:Sources
1838:3301310
1127:Gallery
895:Norfolk
891:Pentney
867:Pentney
685:Annular
606:Style I
585:Kentish
529:Applied
515:England
511:England
417:Francia
381:England
360:Anglian
319:Jutland
307:Kentish
258:England
250:England
167:Kentish
159:England
143:England
117:England
55:England
2139:
2122:
2108:
2090:
2072:
2053:
2027:
2008:
1993:91â116
1967:
1938:12 May
1886:15 May
1861:15 May
1836:
1261:Brooch
1068:French
1026:, the
984:Ansate
907:niello
856:Viking
848:Celtic
768:Quoits
610:niello
546:Button
504:Saucer
311:Jutish
254:Europe
201:, the
197:, the
193:, the
189:, the
151:Europe
96:, the
92:, the
88:, the
1834:JSTOR
967:Strip
869:hoard
852:Irish
747:Quoit
741:style
711:quoit
459:Roman
145:were
2137:ISBN
2120:ISBN
2106:ISBN
2088:ISBN
2070:ISBN
2051:ISBN
2025:ISBN
2006:ISBN
1965:ISBN
1940:2019
1888:2019
1863:2019
1691:2019
1581:2019
1070:and
1058:and
854:and
773:The
758:The
733:The
705:and
637:and
631:Kent
565:Kent
487:Disc
385:York
332:Kent
264:and
262:Kent
171:Kent
163:Kent
153:and
70:Kent
63:disc
1826:doi
415:in
2174::
2131:,
1931:.
1896:^
1879:.
1854:.
1832:.
1820:.
1808:^
1793:^
1750:^
1735:^
1718:^
1699:^
1682:.
1645:^
1630:^
1601:^
1571:.
1518:^
1486:^
1469:^
1454:^
1437:^
1422:^
1387:^
1062:.
1034:.
893:,
850:,
789:.
737:,
701:,
209:.
104:.
2078:.
2059:.
2033:.
2014:.
1995:.
1973:.
1942:.
1890:.
1865:.
1840:.
1828::
1822:7
1693:.
1583:.
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