320:
175:. The leader and follower climb simultaneously with protection placed in between. When the two climbers advance using a running belay, the belay is almost as secure as using a belay device and anchors because if the leader falls, all the slack is already out of the rope and the follower acts as a counterweight to catch the fall. A running belay is used as a faster alternative to pitch-climbing when the risk, consequences, and likelihood of a leader fall are deemed to be acceptable.
359:
234:
belayer can, with a little effort then remove themselves from the system if required. It is essential that the belayer is attached to the anchor via the belay loop at the front of the harness. Attaching the harness of the belayer to the anchor via the back of the harness can cause the harness, when placed under strain, to constrict inwards elongating front to back, rather than side to side. This can result in a crushed pelvis and serious harm to the belayer.
2166:
2154:
61:
49:
2190:
2178:
77:
349:
The principle of minimum swing is related to non-extension. The main anchor point in a well-constructed load-sharing anchor will neither extend nor swing in the event of an individual anchor failure. Reducing swing can be accomplished by minimizing the inner angle between individual anchors, and by
345:
A load-sharing anchor which does not extend in the event of an individual anchor failure has the property of non-extension. This important feature reduces the potential for shock-loading the remaining individual anchors during a failure. Non-extension can be accomplished by tying an appropriate knot
573:
belay stations, load-sharing anchors are often constructed from more than two individual anchors, which are rarely co-planar. In these cases, each individual anchor would feel a reduced force from the above values, but the best practice is to reduce the angle between the two outermost elements and
233:
When the rope comes from the climber to the belayer, the belayer is attached separately to an anchor. Often used when multi-pitching and the belayer is on a stance. Or when top roping and it is possible that if the climber falls the belayer will be pulled from the stance above the climber. The
153:. Ideally, it should consist of multiple redundant components (natural and/or artificial), none of which are likely to fail, and none of which in the event of failure would cause the entire anchor to fail. Any component of a good anchor should be able to support the entire system by itself.
315:
locations for the individual anchors would make an anchor redundant. This may mean using distinct boulders, crack systems, or objects for the placement location of each individual anchor. That being said, redundancy is not necessary in all climbing anchors. A living tree that is at least 15
290:
A load-sharing (or load-distributing) anchor is a system consisting of two or more individual anchors which join together at a main anchor point to form an anchoring system. This configuration is a way to introduce redundancy and increase strength, typically for a belay anchor. If assembled
336:
if the load force is distributed equally to each individual anchor. This is accomplished by adjusting the length of each connecting member (between the main anchor point and an individual anchor) while pulling the main anchor in the anticipated direction of the load. Anchors can be either
377:
The sum of forces on all the individual anchors will commonly exceed 100%, and in some cases, the force on an individual anchor will be greater than the load. This may seem contradictory when only the magnitudes are summed. However, if the forces on the individual anchors are
373:
If the V-angle is greater than 120 degrees, the load on each individual anchor will be greater than the load on the rope. Angles in excess of 120 degrees can create a hazardous situation that compromises the safety of the anchor, and should generally be avoided.
291:
correctly, the load will be distributed to each individual anchor, rather than placing all the load on a single anchor point. This decreases the chance that any single anchor point will fail, and, if a point does fail, the other(s) should still be able to hold.
224:
When the rope goes from the climber to the belayer. Most often used under controlled circumstances at climbing walls or when the climber doesn't have the weight advantage on the belayer during bottom-roped climbs. It is impossible to escape from the system.
116:
A natural anchor is a secure natural feature that can serve as a climbing anchor by attaching a sling, lanyard, or cordelette and a carabiner. Examples of natural anchors include trees, boulders, lodged chockstones, horns, icicles, and protrusions.
27:
can be any device or method for attaching a climber, rope, or load to a climbing surface—typically rock, ice, steep dirt, or a building—either permanently or temporarily. The intention of an anchor is case-specific but is usually for
473:
346:
in the interconnecting cordelette, or by using individual slings for equalization. The principle of non-extension refers to the mitigation of shock-loading, rather than the elongation of materials under an increased load.
337:
pre-equalized, in which the anchor is statically equalized between anchor points during rigging, or self-equalizing, in which the anchor system dynamically adjusts tension between anchor points during use.
543:
536:
2075:
507:
316:
centimetres (6 inches) in diameter will surely hold up several kilonewtons of force in any direction, and so is sufficient as being the sole anchor for any climbing anchor.
2070:
399:
2122:
1089:
2134:
350:
increasing the number of individual anchors. An additional technique is to place a directional anchor a short distance below the main anchor point.
259:
The force on an anchor may be much greater than the weight of the climber. There are various mechanisms that contribute to excess force, including
311:
Anchors should be redundant, meaning that the overall anchor will still be sufficiently strong if any individual anchor were to fail. Selecting
1077:
242:
When the rope comes from the climber to an anchor. A hanging belay device may be used, although it is common in this instance to just use an
207:
or v-thread. Because of the uncertain holding power of ice protection, it is sometimes attached to the rope using a load-absorbing sling or
565:
At 120 degrees, each anchor bears a force equivalent to 100% of the original load. An angle this large should be avoided for safe climbing.
366:
When constructing a load-sharing anchor, it is important to take into consideration the angle formed between each individual anchor – the
1062:
2116:
2085:
1111:
1106:
610:
92:
that can be used to construct an anchor, including natural protection such as boulders and trees, or artificial protection such as
549:
From this expression, the anchor forces can be calculated for selected angles in a two-element, symmetrical, load-sharing anchor.
660:
323:
A large (> 15 cm or 6 in diameter) and living tree is a natural anchor that is not redundant but still very strong.
370:. Climbers typically try to minimize this angle, because a greater V-angle will produce more force at each individual anchor.
619:
332:
In a load-sharing anchor, each individual anchor is connected to a main anchor point. The load-sharing anchor is said to be
1072:
721:
386:
direction are equal to the load force, but there are lateral forces as well – which increase as the V-angle increases.
2221:
1057:
1042:
694:
680:
2194:
2055:
635:
379:
1985:
1362:
126:
93:
69:
2216:
553:
At a V-angle of 30 degrees, each of the two anchors will bear a force of about 52% of the original load.
514:
1357:
1123:
53:
382:, the resultant force on the anchor system is equal to the load. In simpler terms, the forces in the
2182:
2045:
1407:
485:
1960:
1955:
1101:
2090:
1885:
1860:
1751:
1744:
1149:
1052:
1007:
588:
2000:
1910:
1553:
1306:
1162:
1094:
714:
125:
An artificial anchor consists of man-made climbing gear placed in the rock. Such gear includes
2060:
2035:
1950:
1452:
1318:
89:
2065:
2050:
2040:
1291:
1257:
1037:
811:
789:
782:
770:
570:
8:
1940:
1758:
1737:
1640:
1582:
1577:
1536:
1511:
1434:
1340:
1262:
1174:
915:
546:, in which the load-sharing anchor is constructed from two symmetrically placed anchors.
468:{\displaystyle F_{\text{anchor}}={\frac {F_{\text{load}}}{2\cos(\theta _{\text{V}}/2)}}}
2080:
1662:
1630:
1301:
1284:
1140:
1118:
1084:
833:
828:
823:
362:
Equalization of a load-sharing anchor, showing force distribution with a V-angle of 90°
192:
2170:
2153:
2095:
1890:
1818:
1793:
1779:
1772:
1587:
1489:
1389:
840:
765:
707:
690:
676:
615:
150:
2030:
1965:
1945:
1920:
1905:
1672:
1650:
1526:
1269:
905:
2158:
2025:
1970:
1925:
1900:
1870:
1655:
1625:
1548:
1543:
1402:
1350:
1274:
1235:
1208:
893:
866:
204:
101:
81:
29:
2017:
1990:
1895:
1865:
1730:
1677:
1620:
1615:
1565:
1506:
1442:
1313:
1296:
1213:
1047:
1012:
977:
972:
927:
885:
856:
806:
794:
300:
184:
162:
130:
97:
37:
199:
can be hand-driven into solid ice and are the equivalent of cams or nuts when
2210:
1980:
1880:
1825:
1786:
1685:
1635:
1610:
1521:
1374:
1230:
1196:
1017:
992:
871:
861:
818:
801:
745:
299:
To ensure proper redundancy and effectiveness of a load-sharing anchor, some
243:
172:
168:
149:
anchor is used as a sole attachment to the cliff face, to support a belay or
20:
1494:
211:, designed to reduce the load on protection by extending in case of a fall.
2100:
1995:
1875:
1811:
1690:
1645:
1252:
1240:
1201:
1186:
997:
922:
910:
760:
319:
200:
188:
1935:
1930:
1667:
1560:
1459:
1245:
1179:
1002:
982:
944:
932:
898:
266:
33:
272:
Stiffness (reduced elasticity) of the climbing rope and anchor materials
1516:
1397:
1330:
1191:
962:
939:
777:
358:
65:
40:, holding static loads, or redirecting (also called deviating) a rope.
1839:
1832:
1700:
1695:
1605:
1570:
1484:
1429:
1335:
1279:
1218:
967:
208:
196:
1915:
1765:
1501:
1464:
1422:
1412:
730:
542:
This equation is a special case representation of the more general
1531:
1417:
1367:
1223:
987:
60:
48:
88:
Depending on the surface being climbed, there are many types of
1379:
1345:
16:
Equipment used for attaching climber or a rope to a fixed point
2128:
1975:
1447:
1325:
1157:
583:
146:
134:
105:
2129:
76:
699:
171:
anchor is used as a safeguard in the event of a fall while
607:
689:, 6th edn., pp. 143–152. The Mountaineers, Seattle.
187:. It is driven into the snow and used to arrest falls.
36:
and fall restraint. Climbing anchors are also used for
52:
Natural protection – a basket hitch made from a
2071:
Federación Española de
Deportes de Montaña y Escalada
517:
488:
402:
2123:
International
Climbing and Mountaineering Federation
2076:
Fédération française de la montagne et de l'escalade
137:. Artificial anchors may be permanent or removable.
2135:
281:
Cam-action type anchors (including nuts, and hexes)
530:
501:
467:
133:used like chockstones, steel expansion bolts, and
562:At 90 degrees, each anchor bears 71% of the load.
559:At 60 degrees, each anchor bears 58% of the load.
556:At 45 degrees, each anchor bears 54% of the load.
2208:
195:, which provides a secure anchor to abseil on.
64:An artificial climbing anchor consisting of a
715:
246:. The belayer is totally free of the system.
191:can also be placed horizontally in snow as a
685:Graydon, Don, and Kurt Hansen, eds. (1997).
608:Cox, Steven M.; Kris Fulsaas, eds. (2009).
2117:International Federation of Sport Climbing
722:
708:
275:improper slippage through the belay device
675:. Chockstone Press, Evergreen, Colorado.
614:(7 ed.). Seattle: The Mountaineers.
687:Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills
611:Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills
357:
318:
183:The snow picket is used as an anchor in
75:
59:
47:
574:avoid angles in excess of 120 degrees.
2209:
636:"Basic Principles of Climbing Anchors"
601:
703:
203:. Ice can also be protected using an
2177:
263:Direction of pull, or vector pulling
254:
2189:
673:How to Rock Climb: Climbing Anchors
13:
531:{\displaystyle \theta _{\text{V}}}
14:
2233:
2086:South African Climbing Federation
663:." Ratref. Web. 11 February 2012.
294:
249:
2188:
2176:
2165:
2164:
2152:
1058:IFSC World Championships winners
340:
156:
502:{\displaystyle F_{\text{load}}}
393:individual anchor is given by:
327:
285:
2056:British Mountaineering Council
653:
628:
459:
438:
353:
228:
1:
594:
306:
127:spring-loaded camming devices
120:
729:
278:A swinging climber, or load.
214:
7:
577:
219:
10:
2238:
509:is the overall load force.
160:
111:
2148:
2109:
2046:Appalachian Mountain Club
2016:
2009:
1853:
1803:
1722:
1715:
1598:
1477:
1388:
1148:
1139:
1132:
1030:
955:
884:
849:
753:
744:
737:
237:
2222:Mountaineering equipment
1961:Mountain Safety Research
1956:Mountain Equipment Co-op
661:Non-Load Sharing Anchors
140:
72:, equalized with slings.
43:
2091:South Tyrol Alpine Club
1886:Eastern Mountain Sports
1752:Canadian Alpine Journal
1745:American Alpine Journal
1008:Roof and tunnel hacking
640:Climbing Techniques.org
589:American death triangle
538:represents the V-angle.
303:are commonly observed.
56:, attached to a handle.
1911:Holubar Mountaineering
1723:Magazines and journals
1053:IFSC World Cup winners
532:
503:
469:
363:
324:
178:
85:
73:
57:
2036:Alpine Club of Canada
1946:Marmot Mountain Works
1901:GERRY Mountain Sports
544:anchor force equation
533:
504:
470:
361:
322:
79:
63:
51:
2066:Club Alpino Italiano
2051:Austrian Alpine Club
2041:American Alpine Club
515:
486:
400:
2061:Club Alpin Français
1435:Mountaineering boot
1048:Piolet d'Or winners
671:Long, John (1993).
2217:Climbing equipment
2081:German Alpine Club
528:
499:
465:
364:
325:
269:(if a fall occurs)
86:
74:
58:
2204:
2203:
2144:
2143:
2096:Swiss Alpine Club
1849:
1848:
1804:Non-fiction films
1780:Planinski Vestnik
1773:Himalayan Journal
1711:
1710:
1473:
1472:
1102:Historical events
1073:Eight-thousanders
1026:
1025:
880:
879:
621:978-0-89886-828-9
525:
496:
463:
448:
425:
410:
255:Force-multipliers
2229:
2192:
2191:
2180:
2179:
2168:
2167:
2156:
2014:
2013:
1966:Outdoor Research
1720:
1719:
1146:
1145:
1137:
1136:
1107:Grade milestones
916:Expedition style
751:
750:
742:
741:
724:
717:
710:
701:
700:
664:
657:
651:
650:
648:
646:
632:
626:
625:
605:
537:
535:
534:
529:
527:
526:
523:
508:
506:
505:
500:
498:
497:
494:
474:
472:
471:
466:
464:
462:
455:
450:
449:
446:
427:
426:
423:
417:
412:
411:
408:
380:added as vectors
2237:
2236:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2226:
2207:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2140:
2105:
2005:
1871:Cascade Designs
1845:
1799:
1707:
1594:
1469:
1403:Abalakov thread
1384:
1128:
1022:
951:
876:
845:
829:Deep-water solo
733:
728:
668:
667:
658:
654:
644:
642:
634:
633:
629:
622:
606:
602:
597:
580:
522:
518:
516:
513:
512:
493:
489:
487:
484:
483:
451:
445:
441:
428:
422:
418:
416:
407:
403:
401:
398:
397:
356:
343:
330:
309:
297:
288:
257:
252:
240:
231:
222:
217:
205:Abalakov thread
181:
165:
159:
143:
123:
114:
46:
30:fall protection
17:
12:
11:
5:
2235:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2186:
2174:
2162:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2022:
2020:
2011:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1991:The North Face
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1921:Sierra Designs
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1896:Frostline Kits
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1836:
1829:
1822:
1815:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1790:
1787:Rock & Ice
1783:
1776:
1769:
1762:
1755:
1748:
1741:
1734:
1731:Alpine Journal
1726:
1724:
1717:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1659:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1621:Climbing route
1618:
1613:
1608:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1580:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1566:Simul-climbing
1563:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1551:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1507:Front pointing
1504:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1443:Avalanche cord
1437:
1432:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1415:
1410:
1408:Bottled oxygen
1405:
1400:
1394:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1360:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1272:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1255:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1172:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1154:
1152:
1143:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1063:IFSC victories
1060:
1055:
1050:
1040:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
959:
957:
953:
952:
950:
949:
948:
947:
937:
936:
935:
930:
920:
919:
918:
913:
903:
902:
901:
890:
888:
886:Mountaineering
882:
881:
878:
877:
875:
874:
869:
864:
859:
853:
851:
847:
846:
844:
843:
838:
837:
836:
831:
826:
816:
815:
814:
809:
799:
798:
797:
787:
786:
785:
775:
774:
773:
763:
757:
755:
748:
739:
735:
734:
727:
726:
719:
712:
704:
698:
697:
683:
666:
665:
652:
627:
620:
599:
598:
596:
593:
592:
591:
586:
579:
576:
567:
566:
563:
560:
557:
554:
540:
539:
521:
510:
492:
477:
476:
461:
458:
454:
444:
440:
437:
434:
431:
421:
415:
406:
355:
352:
342:
339:
329:
326:
308:
305:
301:best practices
296:
295:Best practices
293:
287:
284:
283:
282:
279:
276:
273:
270:
264:
256:
253:
251:
250:Considerations
248:
239:
236:
230:
227:
221:
218:
216:
213:
185:mountaineering
180:
177:
163:Simul climbing
161:Main article:
158:
155:
142:
139:
122:
119:
113:
110:
45:
42:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2234:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2197:
2196:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2110:International
2108:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2010:Organizations
2008:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
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1989:
1987:
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1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1881:Early Winters
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1861:Black Diamond
1859:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1826:The Dawn Wall
1823:
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1820:
1816:
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1809:
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1796:
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1725:
1721:
1718:
1714:
1702:
1699:
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1692:
1689:
1687:
1686:Bachar ladder
1684:
1683:
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1679:
1676:
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1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
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1639:
1637:
1636:Climbing wall
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
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1619:
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1614:
1612:
1611:Approach shoe
1609:
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1597:
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1234:
1233:
1232:
1231:Climbing rope
1229:
1225:
1222:
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1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1203:
1200:
1198:
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1147:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1112:First ascents
1110:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1091:
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1086:
1083:
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1036:
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1019:
1016:
1014:
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1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
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926:
925:
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821:
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788:
784:
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779:
776:
772:
769:
768:
767:
764:
762:
759:
758:
756:
752:
749:
747:
746:Rock climbing
743:
740:
736:
732:
725:
720:
718:
713:
711:
706:
705:
702:
696:
695:0-89886-427-5
692:
688:
684:
682:
681:0-934641-37-4
678:
674:
670:
669:
662:
656:
641:
637:
631:
623:
617:
613:
612:
604:
600:
590:
587:
585:
582:
581:
575:
572:
571:trad climbing
564:
561:
558:
555:
552:
551:
550:
547:
545:
519:
511:
490:
482:
481:
480:
456:
452:
442:
435:
432:
429:
419:
413:
404:
396:
395:
394:
392:
389:The force on
387:
385:
381:
375:
371:
369:
360:
351:
347:
341:Non-extension
338:
335:
321:
317:
314:
304:
302:
292:
280:
277:
274:
271:
268:
265:
262:
261:
260:
247:
245:
244:Italian hitch
235:
226:
212:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
176:
174:
173:lead climbing
170:
169:running belay
164:
157:Running belay
154:
152:
148:
138:
136:
132:
131:aluminum nuts
128:
118:
109:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
83:
78:
71:
67:
62:
55:
50:
41:
39:
35:
31:
26:
22:
21:rock climbing
2193:
2181:
2169:
2157:
2101:USA Climbing
2001:Wild Country
1996:Therm-a-Rest
1838:
1831:
1824:
1817:
1812:The Alpinist
1810:
1792:
1785:
1778:
1771:
1764:
1757:
1750:
1743:
1736:
1729:
1691:Campus board
1646:First ascent
1390:Ice and snow
1187:Belay device
1169:
1038:Alpine clubs
998:Ropes course
911:Alpine style
686:
672:
655:
643:. Retrieved
639:
630:
609:
603:
568:
548:
541:
478:
390:
388:
383:
376:
372:
367:
365:
348:
344:
333:
331:
328:Equalization
312:
310:
298:
289:
286:Load-sharing
258:
241:
232:
223:
201:ice climbing
189:Snow pickets
182:
166:
144:
124:
115:
87:
32:, primarily
24:
18:
2195:WikiProject
2031:Alpine Club
2026:Access Fund
1936:Lowe Alpine
1931:La Sportiva
1668:Fall factor
1561:Self-arrest
1537:Redpointing
1460:Snow anchor
1214:Boulder mat
1163:Daisy chain
1133:Terminology
1124:Terminology
1003:Rooftopping
945:Hillwalking
933:Dry-tooling
899:Via ferrata
812:Traditional
790:Competition
771:Multi-pitch
754:Disciplines
354:Inner angle
313:independent
267:Fall factor
229:Semi-direct
82:snow picket
34:fall arrest
2211:Categories
1819:El Capitan
1583:Traversing
1532:Onsighting
1512:Glissading
1495:DĂĽlfersitz
1490:Australian
1453:Transeiver
1398:Alpenstock
1331:Portaledge
1319:Copperhead
1258:Descenders
1192:Auto belay
983:Commercial
963:Buildering
940:Scrambling
850:Rock types
841:Top roping
778:Bouldering
595:References
307:Redundancy
197:Ice screws
121:Artificial
90:protection
1971:Patagonia
1854:Companies
1840:Hard Grit
1833:Free Solo
1701:MoonBoard
1696:Hangboard
1682:Training
1631:Guidebook
1606:Ape index
1571:Rope team
1485:Abseiling
1430:Ice screw
1336:Quickdraw
1219:Carabiner
1141:Equipment
1119:Technique
1085:Equipment
968:Canyoning
906:Himalayan
834:Rope solo
824:Free solo
520:θ
443:θ
436:
334:equalized
215:Attaching
209:quickdraw
2171:Category
2018:National
1916:JanSport
1891:Five Ten
1766:Desnivel
1759:Climbing
1738:Alpinist
1663:Exposure
1641:Chipping
1588:Tyrolean
1578:Spotting
1549:Crevasse
1527:Flashing
1517:Jumaring
1502:Belaying
1465:Snowshoe
1423:Ice tool
1413:Crampons
1263:Figure-8
1175:Ascender
1043:Climbers
783:Highball
766:Big wall
731:Climbing
645:25 March
578:See also
384:vertical
220:Indirect
151:top rope
68:and two
38:hoisting
2183:Commons
2137:(UIMLA)
2131:(UIAGM)
1522:Leading
1439:Rescue
1418:Ice axe
1368:Camalot
1302:Lanyard
1285:Skyhook
1270:Harness
1241:Dynamic
1224:Maillon
1197:Glasses
1078:Everest
1069:Deaths
988:Parkour
479:where,
368:V-angle
193:deadman
112:Natural
2159:Portal
2125:(UIAA)
2119:(IFSC)
1951:Millet
1941:Mammut
1906:Grivel
1876:Deuter
1794:Summit
1678:Guides
1673:Grades
1544:Rescue
1478:Action
1380:Tricam
1346:Grigri
1292:Hammer
1246:Static
1202:Gloves
1170:Anchor
1090:Brands
894:Alpine
693:
679:
618:
409:anchor
238:Direct
135:pitons
106:pitons
25:anchor
1976:Petzl
1926:Kelty
1716:Media
1651:Pitch
1616:Clean
1599:Other
1448:RECCO
1375:Shoes
1363:SLCDs
1358:Sling
1326:Piton
1275:Hooks
1253:Chalk
1180:Croll
1158:Aider
1095:Knots
1031:Lists
1013:Slide
978:Grass
973:Crane
956:Other
928:Mixed
857:Crack
807:Sport
795:Speed
738:Types
584:Piton
147:belay
141:Belay
102:bolts
54:sling
44:Types
23:, an
1866:CAMP
1656:Topo
1626:Beta
1554:Self
1351:Revo
1341:SLDs
1280:Fifi
1236:Cord
1209:Bolt
1150:Rock
1018:Tree
993:Pole
872:Slab
867:Roof
862:Face
819:Solo
802:Free
691:ISBN
677:ISBN
647:2016
616:ISBN
495:load
424:load
391:each
98:nuts
94:cams
70:cams
1986:REI
1981:Rab
1314:Nut
1307:PAC
1297:Hex
923:Ice
761:Aid
569:In
433:cos
179:Ice
104:or
66:hex
19:In
2213::
638:.
167:A
145:A
129:,
108:.
100:,
96:,
80:A
723:e
716:t
709:v
659:"
649:.
624:.
524:V
491:F
475:.
460:)
457:2
453:/
447:V
439:(
430:2
420:F
414:=
405:F
84:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
