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Pope Anastasius IV

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Anastasius IV is sometimes referred to as a nephew of Honorius II, but this is not proven and is very unlikely; Anastasius IV came from Roman aristocracy, while Honorius II was a Bolognese. Brixius, p. 78 rejects the statement about relationship between Anastasius and Honorius as without foundation
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According to older historiography (incl. Klewitz, p. 128 and 220) he was abbot of the Augustinian monastery of St.-Ruf at Avignon, but this view has been recently abandoned (see I.S.Robinson, p. 73)
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H.W.Klewitz, p. 128 no. 31; Brixius, p. 36 no. 26. His first subscription of the papal bulls took place on 25 February 1114 (Jaffé, p. 478)
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and closed the long quarrel, which had raged through four pontificates, about the appointment of William Fitzherbert (commonly known as
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from 8 July 1153 to his death in 1154. He is the most recent pope to take the name "Anastasius" upon his election.
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During his short pontificate, he played the part of a peacemaker; he came to terms with the Emperor
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Tillmann, H. (1972). "Ricerche sull'origine dei membri del collegio cardinalizio nel XII secolo".
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Anastasius IV died on 3 December 1154 and was succeeded by Cardinal Nicholas Breakspear as
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Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab condita Ecclesia ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII
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First subscription as cardinal-bishop on 7 May 1128 (Jaffé, p. 549)
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and adds that it appears for the first time in the 16th century.
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order. Anastasius IV also devoted much time and expenses on the
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Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary
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sarcophagus which was brought out and reused as his tomb.
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Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution
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Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary
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in spite of the continued opposition of the powerful
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Die Mitglieder des Kardinalkollegiums von 1130–1181
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He had taken part in the double 25: 5931: 5905:Deans of the College of Cardinals 523: 5847: 5835: 5166:Fourth Council of Constantinople 5121:Second Council of Constantinople 4574: 4573: 4562: 4530:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul 4078:Criticism of the Catholic Church 2489: 2478: 2477: 742:Dean of the College of Cardinals 443:Florida International University 377: 363: 349: 290:Dean of the College of Cardinals 5136:Third Council of Constantinople 5060:First Council of Constantinople 2697:First seven ecumenical councils 609: 579: 5375:Dissolution of the monasteries 4641:History of the Catholic Church 3272:Separation of church and state 553: 514: 496: 487: 478: 457: 423: 410: 295: 13: 1: 5249:Fourth Council of the Lateran 5224:Second Council of the Lateran 4833:Apostles in the New Testament 662:Robinson, Ian Stuart (1990). 639:Brixius, Johannes M. 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Berlin: Veit et Socius. 535:Matthews, Rupert (2013). 328:and Palace back at Rome. 228:– 3 December 1154), born 209: 185: 154: 149: 136: 131: 121: 111: 100:3 December 1154 96: 81: 71: 54: 47: 34: 5576:Mary of the Divine Heart 5199:Clash against the empire 5151:Second Council of Nicaea 5045:Old St. Peter's Basilica 4437:Communion and Liberation 3901:Eastern Catholic liturgy 3066:Mystici Corporis Christi 2994:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate 403: 5842:Vatican City portal 5194:Investiture Controversy 5050:First Council of Nicaea 3252:Philosophy of canon law 3182:Mariology of the saints 2762:Investiture Controversy 2291:During the Roman Empire 681:Jaffé, Philipp (1851). 598:Encyclopædia Britannica 418:Encyclopædia Britannica 61:Anastasius IV from the 5854:Catholicism portal 5665:Second Vatican Council 5551:Our Lady of La Salette 5358:Protestant Reformation 5345:Protestant Reformation 5264:Second Council of Lyon 4653:Ecclesiastical history 4505:Catholic Charities USA 4139:Acta Apostolicae Sedis 4127:Vatican Polyglot Press 3177:Mariology of the popes 2815:Protestant Reformation 2496:Catholic Church Portal 2356:Conflicts with the HRE 699:Catholic Church titles 286:election to the papacy 266:papal election of 1130 5561:First Vatican Council 5259:First Council of Lyon 5023:Constantine the Great 4719:Christian monasticism 4259:Good Shepherd Sisters 4101:Holy See Press Office 3339:Doctors of the Church 3172:Immaculate Conception 3127:Anointing of the Sick 2662:History of the papacy 2272:History of the papacy 310:Saint William of York 288:in July 1153, he was 284:. 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2350:Tusculan Papacy 2342: 2336: 2317:Frankish Papacy 2282: 2266: 2080: 1794: 1393: 1097: 891: 824: 822:Catholic Church 815: 781: 772: 764: 754: 745: 737: 727: 718: 710: 692: 674: 646: 645: 623: 622: 612: 607: 606: 584: 580: 570: 568: 558: 554: 547: 533: 524: 519: 515: 509:Helene Tillmann 501: 497: 492: 488: 483: 479: 462: 458: 428: 424: 415: 411: 406: 383: 378: 376: 369: 362: 355: 350: 348: 345: 298: 246: 234:Catholic Church 225: 194: 190: 189:3 December 1154 181: 168: 165: 161: 160: 141: 103: 101: 88: 86: 76:Catholic Church 67: 43: 40: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5933: 5923: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5860: 5859: 5857: 5856: 5844: 5831: 5828: 5827: 5825: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5796: 5795: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5745: 5740: 5734: 5732: 5728: 5727: 5725: 5724: 5723: 5722: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5655: 5650: 5643: 5638: 5636:Lateran Treaty 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5608: 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5047: 5042: 5037: 5032: 5031: 5030: 5019: 5017: 4998: 4994:Late antiquity 4986: 4985: 4983: 4982: 4977: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4961: 4960: 4955: 4954: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4941:Pope Clement I 4931:Church Fathers 4928: 4922: 4920: 4913: 4912: 4910: 4909: 4908: 4907: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4872: 4867: 4862: 4857: 4856: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4814: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4787: 4785: 4770: 4762: 4761: 4759: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4737: 4736: 4731: 4721: 4716: 4711: 4706: 4701: 4700: 4699: 4694: 4692:Biblical canon 4687:Catholic Bible 4684: 4683: 4682: 4672: 4671: 4670: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4649: 4648: 4637: 4635: 4629: 4628: 4617: 4616: 4609: 4602: 4594: 4585: 4584: 4582: 4581: 4571: 4558: 4555: 4554: 4552: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4533: 4527: 4522: 4517: 4512: 4507: 4502: 4497: 4491: 4489: 4483: 4482: 4480: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4462:Legion of Mary 4459: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4434: 4429: 4424: 4419: 4414: 4413: 4412: 4411: 4410: 4400: 4399: 4398: 4391:Lay Carmelites 4388: 4378: 4377: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4350: 4348: 4340: 4339: 4337: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4239:Conceptionists 4236: 4231: 4226: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4174:Assumptionists 4170: 4168: 4153: 4152: 4150: 4149: 4142: 4135: 4128: 4125: 4124: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4103: 4097: 4095: 4089: 4088: 4086: 4085: 4080: 4075: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4057: 4052: 4047: 4042: 4041: 4040: 4030: 4025: 4020: 4019: 4018: 4007: 4005: 3999: 3998: 3995: 3994: 3992: 3991: 3990: 3989: 3988: 3987: 3982: 3977: 3972: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3942: 3941: 3940: 3939: 3938: 3928: 3923: 3918: 3913: 3908: 3897: 3895: 3889: 3888: 3886: 3885: 3884: 3883: 3878: 3876:Syro-Malankara 3873: 3868: 3863: 3858: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3838: 3833: 3828: 3826:Italo-Albanian 3823: 3818: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3758: 3752: 3750: 3740: 3739: 3737: 3736: 3735: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3714: 3709: 3708: 3707: 3697: 3696: 3695: 3690: 3680: 3675: 3674: 3673: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3644: 3637: 3635: 3629: 3628: 3626: 3625: 3620: 3615: 3610: 3609: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3553: 3552: 3551: 3546: 3535: 3533: 3522: 3521: 3519: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3498: 3496:Lateran Treaty 3493: 3488: 3483: 3477: 3475: 3469: 3468: 3466: 3465: 3460: 3455: 3454: 3453: 3443: 3442: 3441: 3436: 3422: 3417: 3408: 3406: 3391: 3365: 3364: 3362: 3361: 3356: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3315: 3314: 3309: 3298: 3296: 3290: 3289: 3287: 3286: 3285: 3284: 3279: 3269: 3268: 3267: 3257: 3254: 3249: 3244: 3239: 3234: 3232:Moral theology 3229: 3223: 3221: 3215: 3214: 3211: 3210: 3208: 3207: 3202: 3199: 3194: 3189: 3184: 3179: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3158: 3156: 3150: 3149: 3147: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3135: 3134: 3124: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3103: 3101: 3095: 3094: 3092: 3091: 3086: 3079: 3074: 3069: 3062: 3057: 3056: 3055: 3050: 3040: 3035: 3030: 3022: 3020: 3014: 3013: 3011: 3010: 3005: 3004: 3003: 2996: 2991: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2968: 2963: 2958: 2953: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2933: 2932: 2931: 2926: 2915: 2913: 2906: 2884: 2883: 2880: 2879: 2877: 2876: 2871: 2866: 2861: 2856: 2851: 2846: 2841: 2836: 2831: 2830: 2829: 2828: 2827: 2817: 2806: 2804: 2798: 2797: 2795: 2794: 2789: 2784: 2779: 2774: 2769: 2764: 2759: 2754: 2749: 2747:Pope Gregory I 2744: 2738: 2736: 2730: 2729: 2727: 2726: 2721: 2719:Biblical canon 2716: 2714:Late antiquity 2711: 2710: 2709: 2704: 2694: 2689: 2683: 2681: 2675: 2674: 2672: 2671: 2670: 2669: 2659: 2658: 2657: 2650:Church fathers 2647: 2646: 2645: 2640: 2630: 2629: 2628: 2623: 2618: 2613: 2602: 2600: 2591: 2584:Ecclesiastical 2571: 2570: 2568: 2567: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2546: 2543: 2542: 2535: 2534: 2527: 2520: 2512: 2503: 2502: 2500: 2499: 2487: 2474: 2471: 2470: 2467: 2466: 2464: 2463: 2462: 2461: 2455: 2443: 2440:Roman Question 2437: 2431: 2430:(c. 1640–1740) 2425: 2422:Baroque Papacy 2419: 2413: 2406: 2404: 2398: 2397: 2395: 2394: 2391:Western Schism 2388: 2385:Avignon Papacy 2382: 2381: 2380: 2374: 2368: 2359: 2353: 2346: 2344: 2338: 2337: 2335: 2334: 2331:Crescentii era 2328: 2320: 2314: 2308: 2302: 2301: 2300: 2287: 2285: 2274: 2268: 2267: 2265: 2264: 2259: 2254: 2249: 2244: 2239: 2234: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2214: 2209: 2204: 2199: 2194: 2189: 2184: 2179: 2174: 2169: 2164: 2159: 2154: 2149: 2144: 2139: 2137:Alexander VIII 2134: 2129: 2124: 2119: 2114: 2109: 2104: 2099: 2094: 2088: 2086: 2082: 2081: 2079: 2078: 2073: 2068: 2063: 2058: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1978: 1973: 1968: 1963: 1958: 1953: 1948: 1943: 1938: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1918: 1913: 1908: 1903: 1898: 1893: 1888: 1883: 1878: 1873: 1868: 1863: 1858: 1853: 1848: 1843: 1838: 1833: 1828: 1823: 1818: 1813: 1808: 1802: 1800: 1796: 1795: 1793: 1792: 1787: 1782: 1777: 1772: 1767: 1762: 1757: 1752: 1747: 1742: 1737: 1732: 1727: 1722: 1717: 1712: 1707: 1702: 1697: 1692: 1687: 1682: 1677: 1672: 1667: 1662: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1617: 1612: 1607: 1602: 1597: 1592: 1587: 1582: 1577: 1572: 1567: 1562: 1557: 1552: 1547: 1542: 1537: 1532: 1527: 1522: 1520:Anastasius III 1517: 1512: 1507: 1502: 1497: 1492: 1487: 1482: 1477: 1472: 1467: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1422: 1417: 1412: 1407: 1401: 1399: 1395: 1394: 1392: 1391: 1386: 1381: 1376: 1371: 1366: 1361: 1356: 1351: 1346: 1341: 1336: 1331: 1326: 1321: 1316: 1311: 1306: 1301: 1296: 1291: 1286: 1281: 1276: 1271: 1266: 1261: 1256: 1251: 1246: 1241: 1236: 1231: 1226: 1221: 1216: 1211: 1206: 1201: 1196: 1191: 1186: 1181: 1176: 1171: 1166: 1161: 1156: 1151: 1146: 1141: 1136: 1131: 1126: 1121: 1116: 1111: 1105: 1103: 1099: 1098: 1096: 1095: 1090: 1085: 1080: 1075: 1070: 1065: 1060: 1055: 1050: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1020: 1015: 1010: 1005: 1000: 995: 990: 985: 980: 975: 970: 965: 960: 955: 950: 945: 940: 935: 930: 925: 920: 915: 910: 905: 899: 897: 893: 892: 890: 889: 884: 883: 882: 872: 867: 866: 865: 860: 852: 847: 846: 845: 840: 829: 826: 825: 814: 813: 806: 799: 791: 783: 782: 777: 774: 765: 760: 756: 755: 750: 747: 738: 733: 729: 728: 723: 720: 711: 706: 702: 701: 690: 689: 678: 673:978-0521264983 672: 659: 636: 611: 608: 605: 604: 589:, ed. (1911). 587:Chisholm, Hugh 578: 552: 545: 522: 513: 495: 486: 477: 456: 422: 408: 407: 405: 402: 401: 400: 395: 389: 388: 385:History portal 374: 360: 344: 341: 333:Pope Adrian IV 297: 294: 262:abbot of Farfa 245: 242: 214: 213: 207: 206: 187: 183: 182: 169: 158: 156: 152: 151: 147: 146: 138: 134: 133: 129: 128: 123: 119: 118: 113: 109: 108: 98: 94: 93: 83: 79: 78: 73: 69: 68: 60: 52: 51: 49:Bishop of Rome 45: 44: 41: 35: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5932: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5880:Italian popes 5878: 5876: 5873: 5872: 5870: 5855: 5850: 5845: 5843: 5833: 5832: 5829: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5812: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5750: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5735: 5733: 5729: 5721: 5718: 5717: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5695:Mother Teresa 5693: 5691: 5688: 5685: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5660: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5648: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5621:Pope Pius XII 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5603: 5601: 5599: 5595: 5589: 5588: 5587:Rerum novarum 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5571:Pope Leo XIII 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5541:United States 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5531:Pope Pius VII 5529: 5528: 5526: 5522: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5370: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5346: 5341: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5303: 5300: 5299: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5284: 5282: 5280: 5276: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5214:Scholasticism 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5189:Pope Urban II 5187: 5186: 5184: 5182: 5178: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5108: 5106: 5104: 5100: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5029: 5026: 5025: 5024: 5021: 5020: 5018: 5014: 5006: 5002: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4965:Justin Martyr 4963: 4959: 4956: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4938: 4937: 4934: 4933: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4914: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4877: 4876: 4875:New Testament 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4838:Commissioning 4836: 4835: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4793: 4792: 4789: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4782:Apostolic Age 4778: 4774: 4771: 4767: 4763: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4726: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4689: 4688: 4685: 4681: 4678: 4677: 4676: 4673: 4669: 4668:Papal primacy 4666: 4665: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4647: 4644: 4643: 4642: 4639: 4638: 4636: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4622: 4615: 4610: 4608: 4603: 4601: 4596: 4595: 4592: 4580: 4572: 4570: 4565: 4560: 4559: 4556: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4534: 4531: 4528: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4510:Home Missions 4508: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4492: 4490: 4488: 4484: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4409: 4406: 4405: 4404: 4403:Saint Francis 4401: 4397: 4394: 4393: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4386:Saint Dominic 4384: 4383: 4382: 4379: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4356: 4355: 4352: 4351: 4349: 4347: 4341: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4199:Bethlehemites 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4171: 4169: 4167: 4163: 4158: 4154: 4148: 4147: 4143: 4141: 4140: 4136: 4134: 4133: 4129: 4126: 4122: 4121:Vatican Radio 4119: 4117: 4114: 4112: 4109: 4108: 4107: 4106:Vatican Media 4104: 4102: 4099: 4098: 4096: 4094: 4090: 4084: 4081: 4079: 4076: 4073: 4071: 4068: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4051: 4048: 4046: 4043: 4039: 4036: 4035: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4017: 4014: 4013: 4012: 4009: 4008: 4006: 4004: 4000: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3971: 3968: 3967: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3947: 3946: 3943: 3937: 3934: 3933: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3909: 3907: 3904: 3903: 3902: 3899: 3898: 3896: 3894: 3890: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3849: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3837: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3827: 3824: 3822: 3819: 3817: 3814: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3763: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3719: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3706: 3703: 3702: 3701: 3698: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3686: 3685: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3653: 3650: 3649: 3648: 3645: 3642: 3639: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3630: 3624: 3621: 3619: 3616: 3614: 3611: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3558: 3557: 3554: 3550: 3547: 3545: 3542: 3541: 3540: 3537: 3536: 3534: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3517: 3514: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3479: 3478: 3476: 3474: 3470: 3464: 3461: 3459: 3456: 3452: 3449: 3448: 3447: 3444: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3432: 3431: 3430: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3413: 3410: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3403:List of popes 3399: 3395: 3392: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3366: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3350: 3347: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3313: 3310: 3308: 3305: 3304: 3303: 3300: 3299: 3297: 3295: 3291: 3283: 3280: 3278: 3275: 3274: 3273: 3270: 3266: 3263: 3262: 3261: 3258: 3255: 3253: 3250: 3248: 3245: 3243: 3240: 3238: 3235: 3233: 3230: 3228: 3225: 3224: 3222: 3220: 3216: 3206: 3203: 3200: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3187:Mother of God 3185: 3183: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3159: 3157: 3155: 3151: 3145: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3133: 3130: 3129: 3128: 3125: 3123: 3120: 3118: 3115: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3105: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3096: 3090: 3087: 3085: 3084: 3080: 3078: 3075: 3073: 3072:People of God 3070: 3068: 3067: 3063: 3061: 3060:Infallibility 3058: 3054: 3051: 3049: 3046: 3045: 3044: 3041: 3039: 3036: 3034: 3031: 3029: 3028: 3024: 3023: 3021: 3019: 3015: 3009: 3006: 3002: 3001: 2997: 2995: 2992: 2990: 2987: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2952: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2942: 2939: 2937: 2936:Body and soul 2934: 2930: 2927: 2925: 2922: 2921: 2920: 2917: 2916: 2914: 2910: 2907: 2904: 2903: 2898: 2894: 2889: 2885: 2875: 2872: 2870: 2867: 2865: 2862: 2860: 2857: 2855: 2852: 2850: 2847: 2845: 2842: 2840: 2839:Enlightenment 2837: 2835: 2832: 2826: 2823: 2822: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2812: 2811: 2810:Protestantism 2808: 2807: 2805: 2803: 2799: 2793: 2790: 2788: 2787:Scholasticism 2785: 2783: 2780: 2778: 2775: 2773: 2772:Schism (1378) 2770: 2768: 2765: 2763: 2760: 2758: 2757:Schism (1054) 2755: 2753: 2750: 2748: 2745: 2743: 2740: 2739: 2737: 2735: 2731: 2725: 2722: 2720: 2717: 2715: 2712: 2708: 2705: 2703: 2700: 2699: 2698: 2695: 2693: 2690: 2688: 2685: 2684: 2682: 2680: 2676: 2668: 2665: 2664: 2663: 2660: 2656: 2653: 2652: 2651: 2648: 2644: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2635: 2634: 2631: 2627: 2624: 2622: 2619: 2617: 2614: 2612: 2609: 2608: 2607: 2604: 2603: 2601: 2599: 2595: 2592: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2576: 2572: 2566: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2547: 2544: 2540: 2533: 2528: 2526: 2521: 2519: 2514: 2513: 2510: 2498: 2497: 2492: 2488: 2486: 2485: 2476: 2475: 2472: 2459: 2456: 2453: 2450: 2449: 2447: 2444: 2441: 2438: 2435: 2432: 2429: 2426: 2423: 2420: 2417: 2414: 2411: 2408: 2407: 2405: 2399: 2392: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2362: 2360: 2357: 2354: 2351: 2348: 2347: 2345: 2341:High and Late 2339: 2332: 2329: 2326: 2325: 2321: 2318: 2315: 2312: 2309: 2306: 2303: 2298: 2295: 2294: 2292: 2289: 2288: 2286: 2284: 2278: 2275: 2273: 2269: 2263: 2260: 2258: 2255: 2253: 2250: 2248: 2245: 2243: 2240: 2238: 2235: 2233: 2230: 2228: 2225: 2223: 2220: 2218: 2215: 2213: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2203: 2200: 2198: 2195: 2193: 2190: 2188: 2185: 2183: 2180: 2178: 2175: 2173: 2170: 2168: 2165: 2163: 2160: 2158: 2157:Benedict XIII 2155: 2153: 2152:Innocent XIII 2150: 2148: 2145: 2143: 2140: 2138: 2135: 2133: 2130: 2128: 2125: 2123: 2120: 2118: 2117:Alexander VII 2115: 2113: 2110: 2108: 2105: 2103: 2100: 2098: 2095: 2093: 2090: 2089: 2087: 2083: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2067: 2064: 2062: 2059: 2057: 2054: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1986:Innocent VIII 1984: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1966:Callixtus III 1964: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1954: 1952: 1949: 1947: 1944: 1942: 1939: 1937: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1917: 1914: 1912: 1909: 1907: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1897: 1894: 1892: 1889: 1887: 1886:Boniface VIII 1884: 1882: 1879: 1877: 1874: 1872: 1869: 1867: 1864: 1862: 1859: 1857: 1854: 1852: 1849: 1847: 1844: 1842: 1839: 1837: 1834: 1832: 1829: 1827: 1824: 1822: 1819: 1817: 1814: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1804: 1803: 1801: 1797: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1785:Celestine III 1783: 1781: 1778: 1776: 1773: 1771: 1768: 1766: 1763: 1761: 1760:Alexander III 1758: 1756: 1753: 1751: 1750:Anastasius IV 1748: 1746: 1743: 1741: 1738: 1736: 1733: 1731: 1728: 1726: 1723: 1721: 1718: 1716: 1713: 1711: 1708: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1696: 1693: 1691: 1688: 1686: 1683: 1681: 1678: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1666: 1663: 1661: 1658: 1656: 1653: 1651: 1650:Sylvester III 1648: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1636: 1635:Benedict VIII 1633: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1616: 1613: 1611: 1608: 1606: 1603: 1601: 1598: 1596: 1593: 1591: 1588: 1586: 1583: 1581: 1578: 1576: 1573: 1571: 1568: 1566: 1563: 1561: 1558: 1556: 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1142: 1140: 1137: 1135: 1132: 1130: 1127: 1125: 1122: 1120: 1117: 1115: 1112: 1110: 1107: 1106: 1104: 1100: 1094: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1079: 1076: 1074: 1071: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1004: 1001: 999: 996: 994: 991: 989: 986: 984: 981: 979: 976: 974: 971: 969: 966: 964: 961: 959: 956: 954: 951: 949: 946: 944: 941: 939: 936: 934: 931: 929: 926: 924: 921: 919: 916: 914: 911: 909: 906: 904: 901: 900: 898: 894: 888: 885: 881: 878: 877: 876: 875:Pope emeritus 873: 871: 868: 864: 861: 859: 856: 855: 853: 851: 848: 844: 841: 839: 836: 835: 834: 833:List of popes 831: 830: 827: 823: 819: 812: 807: 805: 800: 798: 793: 792: 789: 780: 771: 770: 763: 757: 753: 744: 743: 736: 730: 726: 717: 716: 709: 703: 700: 696: 693: 686: 685: 679: 675: 669: 665: 660: 656: 650: 642: 637: 633: 627: 619: 614: 613: 600: 599: 593: 588: 582: 567: 563: 556: 548: 542: 538: 531: 529: 527: 517: 510: 506: 499: 490: 481: 473: 469: 468: 460: 452: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 426: 419: 413: 409: 399: 396: 394: 393:List of popes 391: 390: 386: 375: 372: 366: 361: 358: 347: 340: 338: 334: 329: 327: 323: 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 293: 291: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 258:See of Sabina 255: 251: 241: 239: 235: 231: 220: 212: 208: 205: 201: 197: 188: 184: 180: 176: 172: 157: 153: 148: 145: 140:February 1114 139: 135: 130: 127: 124: 120: 117: 114: 110: 99: 95: 84: 80: 77: 74: 70: 66: 65: 58: 53: 50: 46: 42:Anastasius IV 38: 33: 30: 19: 18:Anastasius IV 5895:1070s births 5809: 5805:Pope Francis 5731:21st century 5680:Pope Paul VI 5657: 5645: 5598:20th century 5585: 5536:Pope Pius IX 5524:19th century 5500:Pope Pius VI 5367: 5239:Latin Empire 5209:Universities 5161:Pope Leo III 5028:Christianity 5013:state church 5005:Great Church 4806:Resurrection 4769:(30–325/476) 4766:Early Church 4751:Latin Church 4746:Papal States 4741:Vatican City 4549:Universities 4381:Third orders 4344:Associations 4334:Visitandines 4329:Trinitarians 4279:Mercedarians 4264:Hieronymites 4209:Camaldoleses 4194:Benedictines 4184:Augustinians 4144: 4137: 4130: 4111:Vatican News 4065:Distinctions 3871:Syro-Malabar 3756:Latin Church 3678:Grand master 3576:Metropolitan 3473:Vatican City 3368:Organisation 3247:Philosophers 3112:Confirmation 3089:In canon law 3083:Subsistit in 3081: 3077:Three states 3064: 3025: 3018:Ecclesiology 3000:Nova Vulgata 2998: 2956:Original sin 2951:Nicene Creed 2941:Divine grace 2900: 2782:Universities 2752:Papal States 2679:Great Church 2621:Resurrection 2598:Early Church 2494: 2482: 2452:World War II 2446:Vatican City 2322: 2293:(until 493) 2257:Benedict XVI 2252:John Paul II 2172:Clement XIII 2167:Benedict XIV 2142:Innocent XII 2076:Clement VIII 2051:Gregory XIII 2031:Marcellus II 1991:Alexander VI 1941:Innocent VII 1906:Benedict XII 1861:Nicholas III 1826:Alexander IV 1816:Celestine IV 1806:Honorius III 1790:Innocent III 1775:Gregory VIII 1749: 1735:Celestine II 1720:Callixtus II 1690:Alexander II 1615:Sylvester II 1595:Benedict VII 1555:Stephen VIII 1440:Benedict III 1294:Adeodatus II 1239:Boniface III 1093:Anastasius I 767: 740: 713: 691: 683: 663: 640: 617: 610:Bibliography 596: 581: 569:. Retrieved 565: 555: 536: 516: 498: 489: 480: 471: 465: 459: 438: 425: 412: 330: 299: 253: 247: 238:Papal States 229: 218: 217: 200:Papal States 191:(1154-12-03) 175:Papal States 97:Papacy ended 82:Papacy began 62: 29: 5900:1154 deaths 5811:Laudato si' 5606:Pope Pius X 5435:Philip Neri 5410:Pope Pius V 5385:Thomas More 5254:Inquisition 5156:Charlemagne 5116:Monasticism 4926:Persecution 4818:Holy Spirit 4801:Crucifixion 4680:First seven 4539:Health care 4525:Pax Christi 4477:Schoenstatt 4442:Sant'Egidio 4274:Legionaries 4254:Franciscans 4229:Cistercians 4224:Carthusians 4179:Annonciades 4038:Altarpieces 3931:West Syriac 3926:East Syriac 3906:Alexandrian 3530:Holy orders 3511:Swiss Guard 3451:Dicasteries 3446:Roman Curia 3344:Evangelists 3302:Holy Family 3237:Personalism 3227:Natural law 3205:Josephology 3139:Holy orders 2777:Inquisition 2734:Middle Ages 2724:Monasticism 2692:Constantine 2616:Crucifixion 2460:(1945–1991) 2454:(1939–1945) 2442:(1870–1929) 2436:(1775–1848) 2424:(1585–1689) 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566:Catholic365 474:: 313–353 . 296:Pontificate 226: 1073 166: 1073 112:Predecessor 5869:Categories 5684:coronation 5390:Pope Leo X 4975:Tertullian 4905:Revelation 4880:Background 4294:Oratorians 4249:Dominicans 4219:Carmelites 4214:Camillians 4162:institutes 3975:Tridentine 3911:Antiochian 3831:Macedonian 3776:Belarusian 3666:Provincial 3581:Archbishop 3501:Roman Rota 3463:Properties 3388:By country 3384:Precedence 3349:Confessors 3329:Archangels 3319:Patriarchs 3219:Philosophy 3197:Veneration 3162:Assumption 3132:Last rites 3099:Sacraments 3043:Four marks 2854:Vatican II 2802:Modern era 2638:Succession 2403:Modern Era 2333:(974–1012) 2237:John XXIII 2147:Clement XI 2122:Clement IX 2112:Innocent X 2107:Urban VIII 2102:Gregory XV 2026:Julius III 1961:Nicholas V 1926:Gregory XI 1911:Clement VI 1846:Innocent V 1836:Clement IV 1811:Gregory IX 1765:Lucius III 1745:Eugene III 1710:Paschal II 1700:Victor III 1680:Stephen IX 1665:Damasus II 1660:Clement II 1655:Gregory VI 1630:Sergius IV 1625:John XVIII 1575:Benedict V 1560:Marinus II 1485:Stephen VI 1465:Adrian III 1445:Nicholas I 1430:Sergius II 1425:Gregory IV 1405:Stephen IV 1369:Stephen II 1354:Gregory II 1274:Theodore I 1259:Honorius I 1254:Boniface V 1219:Benedict I 1209:Pelagius I 1194:Agapetus I 1154:Gelasius I 1144:Simplicius 1129:Sixtus III 1119:Boniface I 1109:Innocent I 973:Zephyrinus 887:Pope-elect 863:non-extant 762:Eugene III 708:Crescenzio 322:Cistercian 272:and, when 244:Early life 144:Paschal II 116:Eugene III 104:1154-12-03 89:1153-07-08 5700:Communism 5670:Ecumenism 5016:(380–451) 5008:(180–451) 4997:(313–476) 4919:(100–325) 4535:See also: 4487:Charities 4396:Discalced 4324:Trappists 4319:Theatines 4289:Olivetans 4234:Clarisses 4204:Blue nuns 4189:Basilians 4166:societies 4074:See also: 3960:Mozarabic 3950:Ambrosian 3936:Malankara 3921:Byzantine 3881:Ukrainian 3856:Ruthenian 3821:Hungarian 3806:Ethiopian 3781:Bulgarian 3748:sui iuris 3732:Postulant 3641:Religious 3596:Auxiliary 3591:Coadjutor 3561:Patriarch 3429:Cardinals 3376:Canon law 3372:Hierarchy 3354:Disciples 3277:Relations 3265:Evolution 3256:See also: 3201:See also: 3154:Mariology 3144:Matrimony 3117:Eucharist 3038:Ecumenism 2966:Salvation 2902:Catechism 2897:Tradition 2859:Communism 2707:Chalcedon 2327:(904–964) 2319:(756–857) 2313:(537–752) 2307:(493–537) 2299:(312–337) 2197:Pius VIII 2127:Clement X 2061:Urban VII 2011:Adrian VI 2001:Julius II 1981:Sixtus IV 1956:Eugene IV 1901:John XXII 1896:Clement V 1866:Martin IV 1841:Gregory X 1770:Urban III 1755:Adrian IV 1740:Lucius II 1675:Victor II 1620:John XVII 1610:Gregory V 1585:John XIII 1470:Stephen V 1460:Marinus I 1455:John VIII 1450:Adrian II 1420:Valentine 1415:Eugene II 1410:Paschal I 1344:Sisinnius 1329:Sergius I 1264:Severinus 1229:Gregory I 1199:Silverius 1169:Hormisdas 1164:Symmachus 1149:Felix III 1083:Damasus I 1058:Miltiades 1033:Eutychian 1023:Dionysius 1018:Sixtus II 1013:Stephen I 1003:Cornelius 923:Evaristus 918:Clement I 913:Anacletus 843:canonised 838:graphical 779:Adrian IV 735:Guillaume 649:cite book 643:. Berlin. 626:cite book 248:He was a 126:Adrian IV 122:Successor 5710:HIV/AIDS 5204:Crusades 4958:Irenaeus 4951:Ignatius 4946:Polycarp 4796:Ministry 4784:(30–100) 4658:Timeline 4579:Category 4472:Opus Dei 4457:Scouting 4447:Focolare 4314:Servites 4299:Piarists 4244:Crosiers 3980:Anglican 3916:Armenian 3846:Romanian 3836:Maronite 3811:Georgian 3801:Eritrean 3786:Chaldean 3771:Armenian 3766:Albanian 3647:Superior 3606:Emeritus 3586:Diocesan 3439:Advisers 3398:Holy See 3324:Prophets 3282:Politics 3053:Catholic 3033:Councils 2888:Theology 2767:Crusades 2702:Nicaea I 2633:Apostles 2611:Ministry 2580:Timeline 2560:Glossary 2484:Category 2458:Cold War 2232:Pius XII 2212:Leo XIII 2187:Pius VII 2056:Sixtus V 2021:Paul III 1996:Pius III 1951:Martin V 1931:Urban VI 1856:John XXI 1851:Adrian V 1831:Urban IV 1705:Urban II 1640:John XIX 1600:John XIV 1580:Leo VIII 1570:John XII 1475:Formosus 1384:Adrian I 1339:John VII 1289:Vitalian 1284:Eugene I 1279:Martin I 1234:Sabinian 1214:John III 1204:Vigilius 1179:Felix IV 1139:Hilarius 1088:Siricius 1078:Liberius 1073:Julius I 1053:Eusebius 1008:Lucius I 968:Victor I 953:Anicetus 933:Sixtus I 870:Antipope 773:1153–54 746:1139–54 725:Gregorio 451:53276621 343:See also 276:fled to 5675:Judaism 5075:Vulgate 4885:Gospels 4860:Stephen 4777:Origins 4697:Vulgate 4633:General 4623:of the 4621:History 4544:Schools 4500:Caritas 4408:Secular 4374:Workers 4269:Jesuits 4055:Museums 4050:Library 4028:Writers 4023:Artists 4003:Culture 3970:Paul VI 3851:Russian 3841:Melkite 3683:Brother 3661:General 3601:Titular 3571:Primate 3549:Eparchy 3539:Diocese 3486:Outline 3425:College 3415:Francis 3359:Virgins 3334:Martyrs 3260:Science 3167:History 3122:Penance 3107:Baptism 3008:Worship 2981:Vulgate 2929:Kingdom 2924:Trinity 2912:General 2667:Primacy 2575:History 2555:Outline 2377:Perugia 2371:Orvieto 2365:Viterbo 2262:Francis 2242:Paul VI 2227:Pius XI 2207:Pius IX 2192:Leo XII 2182:Pius VI 2041:Pius IV 2036:Paul IV 1976:Paul II 1971:Pius II 1921:Urban V 1605:John XV 1550:Leo VII 1545:John XI 1500:John IX 1490:Romanus 1389:Leo III 1364:Zachary 1334:John VI 1269:John IV 1189:John II 1114:Zosimus 1028:Felix I 993:Anterus 988:Pontian 983:Urban I 943:Hyginus 820:of the 571:23 June 318:pallium 254:Demetri 102: ( 87: ( 5641:Nazism 5463:to the 5070:Jerome 4980:Origen 4663:Papacy 4422:Fimcap 4364:Marian 4284:Minims 4016:Marian 3866:Syriac 3861:Slovak 3791:Coptic 3727:Oblate 3722:Master 3717:Novice 3712:Hermit 3700:Sister 3656:Abbess 3623:Deacon 3618:Priest 3613:Parish 3556:Bishop 3526:Polity 3312:Joseph 3294:Saints 2961:Saints 2849:Nazism 2217:Pius X 2097:Paul V 2092:Leo XI 2046:Pius V 1670:Leo IX 1535:Leo VI 1530:John X 1435:Leo IV 1374:Paul I 1319:John V 1309:Leo II 1304:Agatho 1174:John I 998:Fabian 948:Pius I 858:extant 854:Tombs 670:  543:  449:  337:Helena 278:France 132:Orders 72:Church 5875:Popes 5743:Islam 5011:Roman 4970:Canon 4843:Peter 4791:Jesus 4520:CIDSE 4369:Youth 4093:Media 4060:Music 3985:Zaire 3965:Roman 3955:Braga 3945:Latin 3816:Greek 3688:Friar 3652:Abbot 3566:Major 3481:Index 3380:Laity 2946:Dogma 2893:Bible 2869:Islam 2825:Trent 2606:Jesus 2588:Legal 2550:Index 2006:Leo X 1525:Lando 1510:Leo V 1324:Conon 1299:Donus 1134:Leo I 1038:Caius 958:Soter 908:Linus 903:Peter 818:Popes 404:Notes 282:Italy 250:Roman 5793:2023 5788:2019 5783:2016 5778:2013 5773:2011 5768:2008 5763:2005 5758:2002 5753:2000 5720:1995 4890:Acts 4853:Paul 4848:John 4823:Mary 4045:Folk 3693:Monk 3434:List 3412:Pope 3307:Mary 1068:Mark 769:Pope 668:ISBN 655:link 632:link 573:2024 541:ISBN 507:and 447:OCLC 314:York 196:Rome 186:Died 171:Rome 155:Born 37:Pope 4779:and 4729:Art 4359:Lay 4011:Art 3705:Nun 3427:of 2919:God 467:RSC 142:by 5871:: 4164:, 3654:, 651:}} 647:{{ 628:}} 624:{{ 595:. 564:. 525:^ 472:26 470:. 445:. 441:. 437:. 433:. 223:c. 202:, 198:, 177:, 173:, 163:c. 5686:) 5682:( 4613:e 4606:t 4599:v 4159:, 3643:: 3532:) 3528:( 3405:) 3401:( 2531:e 2524:t 2517:v 810:e 803:t 796:v 676:. 657:) 634:) 575:. 549:. 453:. 221:( 106:) 91:) 20:)

Index

Anastasius IV
Pope
Bishop of Rome

Nuremberg Chronicle
Catholic Church
Eugene III
Adrian IV
Paschal II
Rome
Papal States
Holy Roman Empire
Rome
Papal States
Holy Roman Empire
Other popes named Anastasius
Catholic Church
Papal States
Roman
See of Sabina
abbot of Farfa
papal election of 1130
Antipope Anacletus II
Pope Innocent II
France
Italy
election to the papacy
Dean of the College of Cardinals
Frederick Barbarossa
See of Magdeburg

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