346:, and her team found that smoking appears to play a significant role in anal-cancer development that is independent of other behavioral risk factors, such as sexual activity. More than half of the anal-cancer patients studied were current smokers at the time of diagnosis, as compared to a smoking rate of about 23 percent among the controls. "Current smoking is a very important promoter of the disease," said Daling. "There's a fourfold increase in risk if you're a current smoker, regardless of whether you're male or female." They explained that the mechanism behind smoking and anal-cancer development is unknown, but researchers speculate that smoking interferes with a process called
450:
438:
426:
414:
36:
299:
318:: Examination of squamous cell carcinoma tumor tissues from patients in Denmark and Sweden showed a high proportion of anal cancers to be positive for the types of HPV that are also associated with high risk of cervical cancer. In another study done, high-risk types of HPV, notably HPV-16, were detected in 84 percent of anal cancer specimens examined. Based on the study in Denmark and Sweden, Parkin estimated that 90% of anal cancers are attributable to HPV.
648:
sphincter. Some patients have fecal incontinence after combined chemotherapy and radiation. Biopsies to document disease regression after chemotherapy and radiation were commonly advised, but are not as frequent any longer. Current chemotherapy consists of continuous infusion 5-FU over four days with bolus mitomycin given concurrently with radiation. 5-FU and cisplatin are recommended for metastatic anal cancer.
707:(5-FU + Mitomycin) in people with T2N0 and T3N0 categories of disease (5-y overall survival: 82%). The 5-year overall survival rates of patients with T4 with no involved lymph nodes, T3 with involved lymph nodes, and T4 with involved lymph nodes disease after the combined treatment is 57%, 57%, and 42%, respectively.
647:
to reduce the necessity of debilitating surgery. This "combined modality" approach has led to the increased preservation of an intact anal sphincter, and therefore improved quality of life after definitive treatment. Survival and cure rates are excellent, and many patients are left with a functional
578:
screening have been studied for early detection of anal cancer in high-risk individuals. In 2011, an HIV clinic implemented a program to enhance access to anal cancer screening for HIV-positive men. Nurse practitioners perform anal
Papanicolaou screening, and men with abnormal results receive further
539:
before exposure to HPV prevents infection by some strains of the virus and has been shown to reduce the incidence of potentially precancerous lesions, scientists surmise that HPV vaccination may reduce the incidence of anal cancer. The efficacy of the vaccine against HPV types 16 and 18 in naive
543:
In 2010, Gardasil was approved in the US to prevent anal cancer and pre-cancerous lesions in males and females aged 9 to 26 years. The vaccine has been used before to help prevent cervical, vulvar, and vaginal cancer, and associated lesions caused by HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18 in women.
698:
Median survival rates for people with distant metastases range from 8 to 34 months. Surgical resection with permanent colostomies was the standard treatment until the 1970s, yielding 5-year overall survival of approximately 50%. The best overall survival rates are seen after combined
1427:""Gardasil, Merck's Cervical Cancer Vaccine, Demonstrated Efficacy in Preventing HPV-Related Disease in Males in Phase III Study: Pivotal Study Evaluating Efficacy of Gardasil in Males in Preventing HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18-Related External Genital Lesions""
286:, and surgery. About 8,300 people are diagnosed a year in the United States, representing about 0.5% of new cancers. Onset is typically after the age of 45. Women are affected more often than men. The number of cases has increased since the 1990s. The
728:
In 2014 about 7,060 new cases of anal cancer were diagnosed in the United States (4,430 in women and 2,630 in men). It is typically found in adults, average age early 60s. In 2019, an estimated 8,300 adults will be diagnosed with anal cancer.
370:
Cloacogenic. Cloacogenic carcinoma is a rare tumor of the anorectal region originating from a persistent remnant of the cloacal membrane of the embryo. The tumor accounts for 2–3% of anorectal carcinomas and occurs more than twice as often in
1875:
Gunderson et al., Anal
Carcinoma: Impact of TN Category of Disease on Survival, Disease Relapse, and Colostomy Failure in US Gastrointestinal Intergroup RTOG 98-11 Phase 3 Trial. Int J Radiation Oncol Biol Phys, 2013, Vol. 87, No. 4, pp.
1505:
Fernández Isart, Myriam; Serra
Esteban, Julia; Segura Sampedro, Juan JosĂ©; Amengual Antich, Isabel; MartĂnez Ortega, Marco Antonio; Forteza Valades, Ana; Riera Jaume, Melchor; González Argente, Francesc Xavier (2022-03-14).
715:
Worldwide in 2002 there were an estimated 30,400 new cases of anal cancer. With approximately equal fractions in the developing (15,900) and developed (14,500) countries. An estimated 90% (27,400) were attributable to
1991:
608:
Localised disease (carcinoma-in-situ) and the precursor condition, anal intraepithelial neoplasia (anal dysplasia or AIN) can be ablated with minimally invasive methods such as infrared photocoagulation.
579:
evaluation with high-resolution anoscopy. The program has helped identify many precancerous growths, allowing them to be safely removed. A similar study was performed in women with a history of
740:
Anal cancer accounts for less than 1% of all cancer cases and deaths in the United
Kingdom. Around 1,200 people were diagnosed with the disease in 2011, and around 310 people died in 2012.
656:
10 to 20% of patients treated for anal cancer will develop distant metastatic disease following treatment. Metastatic or recurrent anal cancer is difficult to treat, and usually requires
306:
Symptoms of anal cancer can include pain or pressure in the anus or rectum, a change in bowel habits, a lump near the anus, rectal bleeding, itching or discharge. Bleeding may be severe.
232:. Symptoms may include bleeding from the anus or a lump near the anus. Other symptoms may include pain, itchiness, or discharge from the anus. A change in bowel movements may also occur.
1885:
Suzanne Russo, et al., Executive
Summary of the American Radium Society Appropriate Use Criteria for Treatment of Anal Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2019 Nov 1;105(3):591–605
1288:
Saleem AM, Paulus JK, Shapter AP, Baxter NN, Roberts PL, Ricciardi R (2011). "Risk of anal cancer in a cohort with human papillomavirus-related gynecologic neoplasm".
1900:
3241:
1434:
1563:
Chiao EY, Giordano TP, Palefsky JM, Tyring S, El Serag H (2006). "Screening HIV-infected individuals for anal cancer precursor lesions: a systematic review".
2101:
997:
1606:
660:. Radiation is also employed to palliate specific locations of disease that may be causing symptoms. Chemotherapy commonly used is similar to other
2664:
540:
women ≤26 years old has been shown to be between 91-100% but is lower when individuals are vaccinated irrespective of baseline HPV infection at 76%.
350:, or programmed cell death, which helps rid the body of abnormal cells that could turn cancerous. Another possibility is that smoking suppresses the
1627:
Wohlmuth, Christoph; Ghorab, Zeina; Shier, Michael; Tinmouth, Jill; Salit, Irving E.; Covens, Allan; Zhang, Liying; Vicus, Danielle (2020-10-01).
886:
1489:
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1407:
American Joint
Committee on Cancer, AJCC Cancer Staging Form Supplement, AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, Eighth Edition, Last updated 05 June 2018.
3255:
2332:
1607:"Hospital HIV Clinic Offers Convenient, Proactive Screening for Anal Cancer, Enabling Identification and Treatment of Precancerous Lesions"
4402:
2208:
2921:
2752:
2792:
2357:
1684:
Goldstone SE, Kawalek AZ, Huyett JW (2005). "Infrared coagulator: a useful tool for treating anal squamous intraepithelial lesions".
1629:"Cytology-based screening for anal intraepithelial neoplasia in women with a history of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cancer"
2094:
2582:
1476:
Kamolratanakul S, Pitisuttithum P. Human
Papillomavirus Vaccine Efficacy and Effectiveness against Cancer. Vaccines. 2021;9(12).
1233:
2442:
1854:
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343:
225:
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2127:
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1904:
449:
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413:
2942:
2631:
2587:
2087:
612:
Previously, anal cancer was treated with surgery, and in early-stage disease (i.e., localised cancer of the anus without
903:
Daling, Janet; et al. (1987). "Sexual
Practices, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, and the Incidence of Anal Cancer".
3967:
3931:
3669:
1426:
584:
388:), that arises near the squamocolumnar junction. It may be keratinizing (basaloid) or non-keratinizing (cloacogenic).
3941:
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1203:
Changing Trends in Sexual
Behavior May Explain Rising Incidence of Anal Cancer Among American Men and Women
4329:
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2337:
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1416:
MB Amin, SB Edge, FL Greene, et al, eds. AJCC Cancer
Staging Manual. 8th ed. New York: Springer; 2017.
4371:
4018:
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2800:
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2006:
553:
1508:"Anal intraepithelial neoplasia screening in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection"
4084:
3713:
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2626:
2375:
2144:
1263:
625:
621:
620:), surgery is often curative. The difficulty with surgery has been the necessity of removing the
381:
338:: Current smokers are several times more likely to develop anal cancer compared with nonsmokers.
287:
248:
81:
2642:
1200:
968:
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35:
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2936:
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1925:
1801:"Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the anus: time for a shift in the treatment paradigm?"
880:
325:
321:
690:. JD Hainsworth developed a protocol that includes Taxol and Carboplatinum along with 5-FU.
4271:
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4011:
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3086:
2915:
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717:
385:
315:
264:
256:
236:
126:
105:
89:
1504:
490:"T4: Tumor of any size invading adjacent organ(s), such as the vagina, urethra or bladder"
8:
4079:
4063:
4056:
3962:
3037:
2758:
644:
617:
298:
4003:
354:, which can decrease the body's ability to clear persistent infection or abnormal cells.
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629:
188:
60:
1229:
1016:"HPV infection, anal intra-epithelial neoplasia (AIN) and anal cancer: current issues"
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2017:
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1037:
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938:
Garden, O. James; Bradbury, Andrew W.; Forsythe, John L. R.; Parks, Rowan W. (2012).
920:
868:
700:
357:
279:
171:
121:
48:
17:
1850:
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1183:
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of anal cancer has increased in recent years, screening and early detection of anal
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3289:
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2713:
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2189:
2177:
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819:
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732:
In the United States, an estimated 800 to 900 people die of anal cancer annually.
4215:
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3708:
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2719:
2242:
2225:
2065:
2060:
2011:
1493:
1383:
1301:
1001:
580:
575:
504:"N1: Metastasis in inguinal, mesorectal, internal iliac or external iliac nodes"
275:
160:
1118:
1101:
916:
851:
Nelson, VM; Benson AB, 3rd (January 2017). "Epidemiology of Anal Canal Cancer".
535:
Since many, if not most, anal cancers derive from HPV infections, and since the
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3886:
3723:
2739:
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2519:
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2347:
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2230:
2159:
2149:
2022:
1014:
Stanley, Margaret A; Winder, David M; Sterling, Jane C; Goon, Peter KC (2012).
679:
671:
588:
571:
392:
252:
85:
1697:
864:
332:
greatly increases the likelihood of developing anal cancer, for men and women.
4392:
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2079:
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1041:
1032:
661:
351:
268:
130:
2000:
1901:"Detailed Guide: Anal Cancer What Are the Key Statistics About Anal Cancer?"
1763:
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3445:
3123:
2984:
2462:
1836:
1782:
1705:
1662:
1584:
1541:
1309:
1175:
1150:"The global health burden of infection-associated cancers in the year 2002"
1086:
1059:
872:
704:
687:
657:
640:
339:
283:
175:
150:
1817:
1127:
924:
632:. For this reason, many patients with anal cancer have required permanent
4348:
4254:
3833:
3635:
3584:
3572:
3567:
3560:
3548:
3522:
3492:
3394:
3233:
3145:
3128:
3063:
2527:
2480:
2423:
1729:"NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Anal Carcinoma. V 1.2013"
1366:
675:
560:(AIN) has become a necessity in patients at risk. This screening detects
536:
146:
100:
4367:
4324:
4295:
4290:
4177:
4169:
3913:
3654:
3485:
3269:
3026:
2613:
2074:
1645:
1628:
664:
613:
565:
221:
142:
1983:
1166:
1149:
1100:
Frisch M, Glimelius B, van den Brule AJ, et al. (November 1997).
1073:
Frisch M (August 2002). "On the etiology of anal squamous carcinoma".
4362:
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4051:
3936:
3923:
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3460:
3439:
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2673:
2509:
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2250:
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667:
633:
347:
183:
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4115:
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3843:
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3628:
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3017:
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404:
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329:
260:
244:
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113:
109:
93:
53:
1726:
1487:
http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/health/view/1100843/1/.html
4182:
3825:
3381:
2672:
820:"Cancer of the Anus, Anal Canal, and Anorectum—Cancer Stat Facts"
507:"N1a: Metastasis in inguinal, mesorectal or internal iliac nodes"
400:
335:
247:, smoking, and many sexual partners. Anal cancer is typically a
4266:
2990:
1995:
1747:"Anal cancer treatment: current status and future perspectives"
217:
2046:
4192:
3641:
3400:
3032:
1099:
3755:
2569:
1626:
1562:
937:
683:
1102:"Sexually transmitted infection as a cause of anal cancer"
4205:
4033:
2867:
1330:
1287:
1013:
361:
1745:
Ghosn M, Kourie HR, Abdayem P, Antoun J, Nasr D (2015).
1744:
1609:. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. 2013-04-10
898:
896:
568:, and improves the staging of lesions after treatment.
1683:
513:"N1c: Metastasis in external iliac with any N1a nodes"
1853:. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.
893:
1973:
1431:
Merck Research and Development News. (www.merck.com)
1331:
Sink JD, Kramer SA, Copeland DD, Seigler HF (1978).
324:: Due to increased risk of exposure to HPV, having
651:
478:"Tis: High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion"
344:Fred Hutchinson's Public Health Sciences Division
4384:
1195:
1193:
1007:
367:A history of cervical, vaginal or vulval cancers
1794:
1792:
850:
510:"N1b: Metastasis in external iliac lymph nodes"
2109:
1378:
1376:
274:Prevention includes avoiding risk factors and
4019:
3670:
2658:
2095:
1457:"HPV vaccine may help to prevent anal cancer"
1254:
1252:
1250:
1190:
498:"NX: Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed"
302:A squamous cell carcinoma of the anus visible
1789:
995:Anal Cancer Treatment (PDQ) Patient Version.
963:
961:
773:
1512:Revista Espanola de Enfermedades Digestivas
1373:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
885:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
771:
769:
767:
765:
763:
761:
759:
757:
755:
753:
465:Pathologic TNM staging of anal carcinomas:
4026:
4012:
3677:
3663:
2922:Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
2665:
2651:
2102:
2088:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1798:
1419:
1247:
853:Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
804:
802:
800:
34:
3968:Loop electrical excision procedure (LEEP)
2793:Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type
2358:Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
1826:
1816:
1772:
1762:
1644:
1523:
1356:
1201:"Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center,
1165:
1147:
1117:
1049:
1031:
958:
944:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 272.
941:Principles and Practice of Surgery E-Book
846:
844:
842:
840:
3942:Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN)
3932:Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)
3684:
1134:
1072:
750:
297:
2583:Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm
1888:
1727:National Comprehensive Cancer Network.
1222:
797:
501:"N0: No regional lymph node metastasis"
16:For cancer of the colon or rectum, see
4385:
3947:Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN)
2075:National Cancer Institute: Anal cancer
1454:
1236:from the original on 14 September 2007
1209:Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
902:
837:
4007:
3658:
2646:
2083:
1857:from the original on 20 December 2016
1437:from the original on 15 December 2008
293:
2061:American Cancer Society: Anal Cancer
1388:The Lecturio Medical Concept Library
1004:13 June 2008. Accessed 26 June 2009.
603:
2943:Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
2632:Desmoplastic small round cell tumor
905:The New England Journal of Medicine
591:and one third of those already had
43:Diagram showing stage 1 anal cancer
13:
4403:Papillomavirus-associated diseases
2333:Polymerase proofreading-associated
585:cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
475:"T0: No evidence of primary tumor"
263:. Diagnosis is suspected based on
14:
4424:
4330:Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
3743:HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer
3262:Severe acute respiratory syndrome
2788:Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma
2195:Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer
1969:
735:
639:Current gold-standard therapy is
360:, which is often associated with
342:Janet Daling, Ph.D., a member of
278:. Standard treatment may include
3248:Middle East respiratory syndrome
2491:Nodular regenerative hyperplasia
1686:Diseases of the Colon and Rectum
1485:US approves anal cancer vaccine
1349:10.1097/00000658-197807000-00009
723:
484:"T2: Tumor > 2 cm but ≤ 5 cm"
472:"TX: Primary tumor not assessed"
448:
436:
424:
412:
4372:Non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU)
4035:Sexually transmitted infections
3786:Epidermodysplasia verruciformis
1940:
1918:
1879:
1869:
1843:
1738:
1720:
1677:
1620:
1599:
1556:
1498:
1479:
1470:
1448:
1410:
1401:
1324:
1281:
1093:
710:
652:Metastatic or recurrent disease
641:the combination of chemotherapy
391:Other types of anal cancer are
309:
116:, smoking, many sexual partners
2847:Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
2833:Splenic marginal zone lymphoma
2593:Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm
2396:Gastrointestinal stromal tumor
2353:Familial adenomatous polyposis
1459:. International Herald Tribune
1066:
987:
931:
670:, such as platinum analogues,
593:anal intraepithelial neoplasia
1:
2401:Krukenberg tumor (metastatic)
743:
587:. More than 30% had abnormal
530:
290:in the United States is 68%.
4104:Mycoplasma hominis infection
3791:Focal epithelial hyperplasia
3052:Tropical spastic paraparesis
2957:Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
2622:Primary peritoneal carcinoma
2296:traditional serrated adenoma
1525:10.17235/reed.2022.8489/2021
1455:Tuller, David (2007-01-31).
1302:10.1097/AOG.0b013e31820bfb16
693:
598:
547:
375:
7:
4408:Infectious causes of cancer
3415:Cytomegalovirus esophagitis
3335:Human parainfluenza viruses
3008:Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 2
2562:Pancreatic ductal carcinoma
1119:10.1056/NEJM199711063371904
993:National Cancer Institute.
917:10.1056/NEJM198710153171601
523:"M0: No distant metastasis"
10:
4429:
2578:Serous microcystic adenoma
2173:Signet ring cell carcinoma
2111:Digestive system neoplasia
1928:. Cancer.net. 25 June 2012
718:human papillomavirus (HPV)
564:lesions, which are highly
494:Regional lymph nodes (pN)
460:
15:
4306:
4191:
4168:
4143:
4042:
3980:
3955:
3921:
3912:
3893:Experimental techniques:
3854:
3824:
3806:
3754:
3701:
3690:
3618:
3594:
3502:
3425:
3380:
3369:
3198:
3160:
3139:
3107:
3079:Cytomegalovirus retinitis
3062:
3016:
2895:
2884:
2857:
2684:
2612:
2541:
2499:
2486:Focal nodular hyperplasia
2422:
2413:
2388:
2366:
2264:
2241:
2216:
2207:
2158:
2135:
2126:
2117:
2032:
1977:
1926:"Anal Cancer: Statistics"
1799:Dewdney A, Rao S (2012).
1698:10.1007/s10350-004-0889-0
1290:Obstetrics and Gynecology
1230:"STD Facts – HPV and Men"
973:National Cancer Institute
865:10.1016/j.soc.2016.07.001
783:National Cancer Institute
574:similar to those used in
558:intraepithelial neoplasia
203:
195:
182:
167:
156:
136:
120:
99:
77:
69:
59:
47:
42:
33:
28:
4068:lymphogranuloma venereum
3781:Laryngeal papillomatosis
3181:Infectious mononucleosis
2998:Chandipura vesiculovirus
2828:Hepatocellular carcinoma
2773:Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
2706:Hepatocellular carcinoma
2588:Mucinous cystic neoplasm
2438:Hepatocellular carcinoma
2292:sessile serrated adenoma
1948:"Anal Cancer Statistics"
1033:10.1186/1471-2407-12-398
969:"Anal Cancer Prevention"
526:"M1: Distant metastasis"
519:Distant metastasis (pM)
382:squamous cell carcinomas
4398:Gastrointestinal cancer
4085:Klebsiella granulomatis
2977:Encephalitis lethargica
2678:viral systemic diseases
2627:Peritoneal mesothelioma
2376:Squamous cell carcinoma
2145:Squamous cell carcinoma
2066:Anal cancer information
1764:10.3748/wjg.v21.i8.2294
1333:"Cloacogenic carcinoma"
1264:American Cancer Society
1211:(fhcrc.org). 2004-07-06
1075:Danish Medical Bulletin
779:"Anal Cancer Treatment"
626:external anal sphincter
288:five-year survival rate
249:squamous cell carcinoma
163:, avoiding risk factors
82:Squamous cell carcinoma
4133:Ureaplasma urealyticum
3349:Human orthopneumovirus
3003:Herpesviral meningitis
2964:Arbovirus encephalitis
2468:Hepatocellular adenoma
2256:Pseudomyxoma peritonei
1751:World J. Gastroenterol
1000:July 14, 2009, at the
380:Most anal cancers are
303:
251:. Other types include
230:gastrointestinal tract
220:which arises from the
138:Differential diagnosis
4279:Molluscum contagiosum
4158:Trichomonas vaginalis
4097:Neisseria gonorrhoeae
4073:Chlamydia trachomatis
3988:Georgios Papanikolaou
2807:Merkel-cell carcinoma
487:"T3: Tumor > 5 cm"
386:epidermoid carcinomas
326:multiple sex partners
301:
235:Risk factors include
65:Anal bleeding or lump
4239:Human papillomavirus
4128:Ureaplasma infection
3739:Head and neck cancer
3685:Human papillomavirus
3452:Adenovirus infection
2916:Human polyomavirus 2
2745:Oropharyngeal cancer
2473:Cavernous hemangioma
2324:Familial adenomatous
2311:Polyposis syndromes:
1633:Cancer Cytopathology
618:inguinal lymph nodes
316:Human papillomavirus
265:physical examination
257:small cell carcinoma
237:human papillomavirus
127:Physical examination
106:Human papillomavirus
90:small cell carcinoma
4057:Haemophilus ducreyi
3963:Cervical conization
3038:Post-polio syndrome
2674:Infectious diseases
1818:10.5402/2012/756591
645:radiation treatment
628:, with concomitant
468:Primary tumor (pT)
455:Stage 4 anal cancer
443:Stage 3 anal cancer
431:Stage 2 anal cancer
419:Stage 1 anal cancer
4121:Treponema pallidum
4109:Mycoplasma hominis
3171:Epstein–Barr virus
3141:Respiratory system
2778:Burkitt's lymphoma
2533:Gallbladder cancer
2515:Cholangiocarcinoma
2455:Liver angiosarcoma
2389:Upper and/or lower
2338:Serrated polyposis
2070:Cancer Research UK
2033:External resources
1952:Cancer Research UK
1646:10.1002/cncy.22360
1492:2011-01-01 at the
1148:Parkin DM (2006).
975:. 14 February 2014
630:fecal incontinence
481:"T1: Tumor ≤ 2 cm"
304:
294:Signs and symptoms
189:Five year survival
4380:
4379:
4272:HSV-1 & HSV-2
4260:Hepatitis B virus
4001:
4000:
3993:Harald zur Hausen
3976:
3975:
3820:
3819:
3652:
3651:
3614:
3613:
3365:
3364:
3296:Influenza virus A
3213:Human coronavirus
3103:
3102:
3093:Herpes of the eye
2640:
2639:
2608:
2607:
2600:Pancreatoblastoma
2552:exocrine pancreas
2409:
2408:
2384:
2383:
2203:
2202:
2168:Gastric carcinoma
2056:
2055:
1565:Clin. Infect. Dis
1337:Annals of Surgery
1167:10.1002/ijc.21731
701:radiation therapy
604:Localised disease
358:Immunosuppression
280:radiation therapy
267:and confirmed by
211:
210:
172:Radiation therapy
122:Diagnostic method
73:Age over 45 years
23:Medical condition
18:Colorectal cancer
4420:
4359:
4340:
4321:
4028:
4021:
4014:
4005:
4004:
3919:
3918:
3699:
3698:
3679:
3672:
3665:
3656:
3655:
3378:
3377:
3373:digestive system
3290:Orthomyxoviridae
3256:SARS coronavirus
3242:MERS coronavirus
3158:
3157:
2970:Orthomyxoviridae
2893:
2892:
2859:Immune disorders
2783:Hodgkin lymphoma
2759:Kaposi's sarcoma
2667:
2660:
2653:
2644:
2643:
2420:
2419:
2319:MUTYH-associated
2304:Cronkhite–Canada
2275:Colorectal polyp
2214:
2213:
2190:Linitis plastica
2178:Gastric lymphoma
2133:
2132:
2124:
2123:
2104:
2097:
2090:
2081:
2080:
1975:
1974:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1903:. Archived from
1897:
1886:
1883:
1877:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1830:
1820:
1796:
1787:
1786:
1776:
1766:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1648:
1624:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1614:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1527:
1502:
1496:
1483:
1477:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1423:
1417:
1414:
1408:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1380:
1371:
1370:
1360:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1266:. Archived from
1256:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1197:
1188:
1187:
1169:
1145:
1132:
1131:
1121:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1053:
1035:
1011:
1005:
991:
985:
984:
982:
980:
965:
956:
955:
935:
929:
928:
900:
891:
890:
884:
876:
848:
835:
834:
832:
830:
816:
795:
794:
792:
790:
775:
452:
440:
428:
416:
330:anal intercourse
38:
26:
25:
4428:
4427:
4423:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4418:
4417:
4383:
4382:
4381:
4376:
4355:
4336:
4317:
4308:
4302:
4246:Genital warts (
4187:
4164:
4139:
4038:
4032:
4002:
3997:
3972:
3951:
3908:
3877:Bethesda system
3850:
3816:
3802:
3750:
3709:Cervical cancer
3693:
3686:
3683:
3653:
3648:
3610:
3590:
3498:
3472:Gastroenteritis
3430:
3427:Gastroenteritis
3421:
3409:Cytomegalovirus
3372:
3361:
3329:Paramyxoviridae
3318:Avian influenza
3194:
3189:Cytomegalovirus
3153:viral pneumonia
3151:
3148:nasopharyngitis
3147:
3144:
3135:
3099:
3073:Cytomegalovirus
3058:
3012:
2900:
2887:
2880:
2853:
2720:Cervical cancer
2680:
2671:
2641:
2636:
2604:
2537:
2495:
2405:
2380:
2362:
2260:
2237:
2226:Duodenal cancer
2218:Small intestine
2199:
2154:
2113:
2108:
2057:
2052:
2051:
2028:
2027:
1986:
1972:
1967:
1966:
1956:
1954:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1931:
1929:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1910:
1908:
1899:
1898:
1889:
1884:
1880:
1874:
1870:
1860:
1858:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1797:
1790:
1757:(8): 2294–302.
1743:
1739:
1731:
1725:
1721:
1682:
1678:
1625:
1621:
1612:
1610:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1561:
1557:
1518:(12): 713–718.
1503:
1499:
1494:Wayback Machine
1484:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1462:
1460:
1453:
1449:
1440:
1438:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1411:
1406:
1402:
1392:
1390:
1382:
1381:
1374:
1329:
1325:
1286:
1282:
1273:
1271:
1258:
1257:
1248:
1239:
1237:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1214:
1212:
1199:
1198:
1191:
1160:(12): 3030–44.
1146:
1135:
1112:(19): 1350–58.
1106:N. Engl. J. Med
1098:
1094:
1071:
1067:
1012:
1008:
1002:Wayback Machine
992:
988:
978:
976:
967:
966:
959:
952:
936:
932:
911:(16): 973–977.
901:
894:
878:
877:
849:
838:
828:
826:
818:
817:
798:
788:
786:
777:
776:
751:
746:
738:
726:
713:
696:
680:antimetabolites
654:
606:
601:
589:anal Pap smears
581:cervical cancer
576:cervical cancer
572:Anal Pap smears
550:
533:
463:
456:
453:
444:
441:
432:
429:
420:
417:
378:
322:Sexual activity
312:
296:
276:HPV vaccination
228:opening of the
207:1,280 (US 2019)
199:8,300 (US 2019)
161:HPV vaccination
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
4426:
4416:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4374:
4365:
4360:
4352:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4333:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4314:
4312:
4304:
4303:
4301:
4300:
4288:
4276:
4275:
4274:
4267:Herpes simplex
4264:
4252:
4243:
4235:
4234:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4210:
4197:
4195:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4185:
4180:
4174:
4172:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4153:Trichomoniasis
4149:
4147:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4137:
4125:
4113:
4101:
4089:
4077:
4061:
4048:
4046:
4040:
4039:
4031:
4030:
4023:
4016:
4008:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3990:
3984:
3982:
3978:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3970:
3965:
3959:
3957:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3928:
3926:
3916:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3899:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3887:Cytotechnology
3884:
3874:
3873:
3872:
3860:
3858:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3846:
3841:
3830:
3828:
3822:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3810:
3808:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3800:
3799:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3760:
3758:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3711:
3705:
3703:
3696:
3688:
3687:
3682:
3681:
3674:
3667:
3659:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3632:
3624:
3622:
3616:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3600:
3598:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3576:
3564:
3552:
3540:
3533:
3527:
3526:
3514:
3508:
3506:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3489:
3482:
3475:
3463:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3442:
3436:
3434:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3390:
3388:
3375:
3367:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3352:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3320:
3281:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3266:
3265:
3264:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3204:
3202:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3166:
3164:
3155:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3113:
3111:
3109:Cardiovascular
3105:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3095:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3068:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3035:
3022:
3020:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2994:
2993:
2981:
2980:
2979:
2966:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2912:
2906:
2904:
2890:
2888:nervous system
2882:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2863:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2837:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2749:
2748:
2747:
2742:
2740:Vaginal cancer
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2710:
2709:
2708:
2696:
2690:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2670:
2669:
2662:
2655:
2647:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2618:
2616:
2610:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2557:Adenocarcinoma
2547:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2523:
2522:
2520:Klatskin tumor
2517:
2505:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2488:
2476:
2475:
2470:
2458:
2457:
2452:
2450:Hepatoblastoma
2447:
2446:
2445:
2428:
2426:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2378:
2372:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2348:Adenocarcinoma
2341:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2321:
2316:
2307:
2306:
2270:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2247:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2231:Adenocarcinoma
2222:
2220:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2175:
2170:
2164:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2150:Adenocarcinoma
2147:
2141:
2139:
2130:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2107:
2106:
2099:
2092:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2063:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2014:
2003:
1987:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1978:Classification
1971:
1970:External links
1968:
1965:
1964:
1939:
1917:
1887:
1878:
1868:
1851:"Fluorouracil"
1842:
1788:
1737:
1719:
1692:(5): 1042–54.
1676:
1639:(2): 140–147.
1619:
1598:
1577:10.1086/505219
1555:
1497:
1478:
1469:
1447:
1418:
1409:
1400:
1372:
1323:
1280:
1246:
1221:
1189:
1154:Int. J. Cancer
1133:
1092:
1081:(3): 194–209.
1065:
1006:
986:
957:
950:
930:
892:
836:
796:
748:
747:
745:
742:
737:
736:United Kingdom
734:
725:
722:
712:
709:
703:combined with
695:
692:
672:anthracyclines
653:
650:
605:
602:
600:
597:
583:or high-grade
549:
546:
532:
529:
528:
527:
524:
517:
516:
515:
514:
511:
508:
502:
499:
492:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
476:
473:
462:
459:
458:
457:
454:
447:
445:
442:
435:
433:
430:
423:
421:
418:
411:
393:adenocarcinoma
377:
374:
373:
372:
368:
365:
355:
340:Epidemiologist
333:
328:and receptive
319:
311:
308:
295:
292:
253:adenocarcinoma
209:
208:
205:
201:
200:
197:
193:
192:
191:~68% (US 2015)
186:
180:
179:
169:
165:
164:
158:
154:
153:
140:
134:
133:
124:
118:
117:
103:
97:
96:
86:adenocarcinoma
79:
75:
74:
71:
67:
66:
63:
57:
56:
51:
45:
44:
40:
39:
31:
30:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4425:
4414:
4413:Anal diseases
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4373:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4358:
4354:
4353:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4339:
4335:
4334:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4320:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4311:
4305:
4298:
4297:
4292:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4280:
4277:
4273:
4270:
4269:
4268:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4249:
4244:
4242:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4194:
4190:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4171:
4167:
4160:
4159:
4154:
4151:
4150:
4148:
4146:
4142:
4135:
4134:
4129:
4126:
4123:
4122:
4117:
4114:
4111:
4110:
4105:
4102:
4099:
4098:
4093:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4081:
4078:
4075:
4074:
4069:
4065:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4045:
4041:
4036:
4029:
4024:
4022:
4017:
4015:
4010:
4009:
4006:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3979:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3954:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3911:
3903:
3902:Cervicography
3900:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3882:Cytopathology
3880:
3879:
3878:
3875:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3853:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3836:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3823:
3814:
3811:Acrochordon (
3809:
3805:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3753:
3744:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3689:
3680:
3675:
3673:
3668:
3666:
3661:
3660:
3657:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3638:
3637:
3633:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3621:
3617:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3597:
3593:
3586:
3582:
3581:
3577:
3574:
3570:
3569:
3565:
3562:
3558:
3557:
3553:
3550:
3546:
3545:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3519:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3488:
3487:
3483:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3473:
3469:
3468:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3447:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3433:
3428:
3424:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3368:
3358:
3357:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3341:Parainfluenza
3339:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3331:
3330:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3292:
3291:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3214:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3177:EBV infection
3175:
3174:
3173:
3172:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3149:
3142:
3138:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3119:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3033:Poliomyelitis
3031:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2898:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2883:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2735:Vulvar cancer
2733:
2731:
2730:Penile cancer
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2668:
2663:
2661:
2656:
2654:
2649:
2648:
2645:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2574:
2571:
2567:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2501:Biliary tract
2498:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2444:
2443:Fibrolamellar
2441:
2440:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2387:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2365:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2305:
2301:
2300:Peutz–Jeghers
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2184:
2183:MALT lymphoma
2181:
2180:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2105:
2100:
2098:
2093:
2091:
2086:
2085:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2048:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2024:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2008:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1980:
1976:
1953:
1949:
1943:
1927:
1921:
1907:on 2016-12-03
1906:
1902:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1882:
1872:
1856:
1852:
1846:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1805:ISRN Oncology
1802:
1795:
1793:
1784:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1741:
1730:
1723:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1680:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1623:
1608:
1602:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1571:(2): 223–33.
1570:
1566:
1559:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1501:
1495:
1491:
1488:
1482:
1473:
1458:
1451:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1422:
1413:
1404:
1389:
1385:
1384:"Anal Cancer"
1379:
1377:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1327:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1296:(3): 643–49.
1295:
1291:
1284:
1270:on 2014-12-22
1269:
1265:
1261:
1260:"Anal Cancer"
1255:
1253:
1251:
1235:
1231:
1225:
1210:
1206:
1204:
1196:
1194:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1096:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1069:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1010:
1003:
999:
996:
990:
974:
970:
964:
962:
953:
951:9780702051166
947:
943:
942:
934:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
899:
897:
888:
882:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
847:
845:
843:
841:
825:
821:
815:
813:
811:
809:
807:
805:
803:
801:
784:
780:
774:
772:
770:
768:
766:
764:
762:
760:
758:
756:
754:
749:
741:
733:
730:
724:United States
721:
719:
708:
706:
702:
691:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
666:
663:
662:squamous cell
659:
649:
646:
642:
637:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
610:
596:
594:
590:
586:
582:
577:
573:
569:
567:
563:
559:
555:
545:
541:
538:
525:
522:
521:
520:
512:
509:
506:
505:
503:
500:
497:
496:
495:
489:
486:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
470:
469:
466:
451:
446:
439:
434:
427:
422:
415:
410:
409:
408:
406:
402:
398:
394:
389:
387:
383:
369:
366:
363:
359:
356:
353:
352:immune system
349:
345:
341:
337:
334:
331:
327:
323:
320:
317:
314:
313:
307:
300:
291:
289:
285:
281:
277:
272:
270:
269:tissue biopsy
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
233:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
187:
185:
181:
177:
173:
170:
166:
162:
159:
155:
152:
148:
144:
141:
139:
135:
132:
131:tissue biopsy
128:
125:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
104:
102:
98:
95:
91:
87:
83:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
62:
58:
55:
52:
50:
46:
41:
37:
32:
27:
19:
4356:
4344:Epididymitis
4337:
4318:
4310:inflammation
4294:
4282:
4258:
4247:
4238:
4230:
4204:
4156:
4131:
4119:
4107:
4095:
4083:
4071:
4055:
3897:Speculoscopy
3834:HPV vaccines
3718:
3634:
3627:
3603:
3596:Pancreatitis
3578:
3566:
3554:
3542:
3535:
3516:
3491:
3484:
3477:
3465:
3444:
3407:
3393:
3354:
3347:
3333:
3327:
3294:
3288:
3268:
3254:
3240:
3211:
3187:
3169:
3124:Pericarditis
3116:
3085:
3071:
3044:
3025:
2983:
2968:
2949:
2935:
2914:
2897:Encephalitis
2866:
2839:
2820:
2799:
2765:
2751:
2724:
2712:
2698:
2568:
2550:
2526:
2508:
2479:
2461:
2431:
2367:
2344:
2310:
2284:hyperplastic
2273:
2266:Colon/rectum
2040:
2016:
2005:
1990:
1955:. Retrieved
1951:
1942:
1932:November 20,
1930:. Retrieved
1920:
1909:. Retrieved
1905:the original
1881:
1871:
1859:. Retrieved
1845:
1808:
1804:
1754:
1750:
1740:
1722:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1636:
1632:
1622:
1611:. Retrieved
1601:
1568:
1564:
1558:
1515:
1511:
1500:
1481:
1472:
1461:. Retrieved
1450:
1439:. Retrieved
1430:
1421:
1412:
1403:
1391:. Retrieved
1387:
1343:(1): 53–59.
1340:
1336:
1326:
1293:
1289:
1283:
1272:. Retrieved
1268:the original
1238:. Retrieved
1224:
1213:. Retrieved
1202:
1157:
1153:
1109:
1105:
1095:
1078:
1074:
1068:
1023:
1019:
1009:
989:
977:. Retrieved
972:
940:
933:
908:
904:
881:cite journal
856:
852:
827:. Retrieved
823:
787:. Retrieved
782:
739:
731:
727:
714:
711:Epidemiology
705:chemotherapy
697:
688:capecitabine
658:chemotherapy
655:
638:
611:
607:
570:
562:premalignant
551:
542:
534:
518:
493:
467:
464:
390:
379:
310:Risk factors
305:
284:chemotherapy
273:
243:, receptive
234:
213:
212:
176:chemotherapy
151:anal fissure
112:, receptive
101:Risk factors
4349:Prostatitis
4255:Hepatitis B
4206:HIV-1/HIV-2
4080:Donovanosis
3493:Coronavirus
3234:Common cold
3146:acute viral
3129:Myocarditis
2973:(probable)
2725:Anal cancer
2528:gallbladder
2481:hyperplasia
2047:Anal cancer
859:(1): 9–15.
676:doxorubicin
634:colostomies
537:HPV vaccine
214:Anal cancer
147:hemorrhoids
70:Usual onset
29:Anal cancer
4387:Categories
4368:Urethritis
4325:Cervicitis
4296:Zika virus
4291:Zika fever
4178:Crab louse
3914:Colposcopy
3620:Urogenital
3486:Astrovirus
3446:Adenovirus
3270:SARS-CoV-2
3027:Poliovirus
2902:meningitis
2614:Peritoneum
2018:DiseasesDB
1957:27 October
1911:2008-11-18
1861:8 December
1613:2013-05-10
1463:2014-12-22
1441:2008-11-15
1274:2014-12-22
1240:2007-08-17
1215:2010-04-21
1026:(1): 398.
1020:BMC Cancer
744:References
665:epithelial
614:metastasis
566:prevalents
531:Prevention
364:infection.
157:Prevention
143:Anal warts
4363:Proctitis
4248:condyloma
4170:Parasitic
4145:Protozoal
4092:Gonorrhea
4064:Chlamydia
4052:Chancroid
4044:Bacterial
3956:Treatment
3937:Koilocyte
3924:histology
3856:Screening
3813:skin tags
3796:Papilloma
3531:RNA virus
3512:DNA virus
3504:Hepatitis
3479:Norovirus
3467:Rotavirus
3461:RNA virus
3440:DNA virus
3386:Esophagus
3314:Influenza
3200:RNA virus
3162:DNA virus
2931:RNA virus
2910:DNA virus
2816:RNA virus
2694:DNA virus
2686:Oncovirus
2573:neoplasms
2510:bile duct
2433:malignant
2415:Accessory
2345:Neoplasm:
2328:Gardner's
2251:Carcinoid
2137:Esophagus
1671:222168316
1655:1934-6638
1550:247341037
1534:1130-0108
1042:1471-2407
694:Prognosis
668:neoplasms
599:Treatment
554:incidence
548:Screening
376:Pathology
348:apoptosis
196:Frequency
184:Prognosis
178:, surgery
168:Treatment
49:Specialty
4216:cervical
4116:Syphilis
3864:Pap test
3844:Gardasil
3839:Cervarix
3694:diseases
3629:BK virus
3432:diarrhea
3276:COVID-19
3018:Myelitis
2543:Pancreas
2314:Juvenile
2288:juvenile
2243:Appendix
2119:GI tract
1876:638–645.
1855:Archived
1837:22619735
1783:25741135
1714:25694842
1706:15868241
1663:33002327
1585:16779751
1542:35285660
1490:Archived
1435:Archived
1318:43339714
1310:21343768
1234:Archived
1184:10042384
1176:16404738
1087:12238281
1060:22958276
998:Archived
873:27889039
682:such as
674:such as
622:internal
405:melanoma
397:lymphoma
261:melanoma
245:anal sex
241:HIV/AIDS
114:anal sex
110:HIV/AIDS
94:melanoma
61:Symptoms
54:Oncology
4307:General
4212:Cancer
4183:Scabies
3981:History
3922:Biopsy
3826:Vaccine
3771:plantar
3766:genital
3724:Vaginal
3714:cancers
3702:Cancers
3692:Related
3382:Pharynx
2886:Central
2280:adenoma
2160:Stomach
2012:D001005
1828:3352602
1811:: 1–6.
1774:4342904
1593:8447335
1393:28 June
1358:1396653
1128:9358129
1051:3488563
925:2821396
616:to the
552:As the
461:Staging
401:sarcoma
336:Smoking
239:(HPV),
108:(HPV),
4357:either
4319:female
4226:penile
4221:vulvar
3807:Others
3734:Penile
3729:Vulvar
3046:HTLV-I
2991:Rabies
2841:HTLV-I
2570:cystic
2463:benign
1835:
1825:
1781:
1771:
1712:
1704:
1669:
1661:
1653:
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