42:
561:
Reynolds, N.K., M.E. Smith, E.D. Tretter, J. Gause, D. Heeney, M.J. Cafaro, J.F. Smith, S.J. Novak, W.A. Bourland, M.M. White. 2017. Resolving relationships at the animal-fungal divergence: A molecular phylogenetic study of the protist trichomycetes (Ichthyosporea, Eccrinida). Molecular
Phylogenetics
327:
with the fungal trichomycetes was early considered tenuous due to the production of amoeboid dispersal cells, a feature not seen among Fungi. Later studies found no evidence of chitin in the cell wall of these species, further casting doubt on their relatedness to Fungi. However, their overall
306:
spores (known as sporangiospores or endospores) with the cell wall breaking apart to release the spores or 2) the entire content of the cell divides to produce teardrop-shaped, motile amoeboid cells that disperse for a short time, then encyst and produce spores from the cyst (called
351:
in the phylogeny. Therefore, Amoebidiaceae was renamed
Amoebidiidae to reflect its classification outside of Fungi and with the protist clade that was renamed Mesomycetozoea. The analyses of Cafaro showed a monophyletic relationship between
383:
and
Shimodaira-Hasegawa tests) did not reject a sister-taxon relationship of the genera, the authors felt there was enough molecular, physiological, and ecological differences to separate the genera into different families. For example,
328:
morphology (i.e. hair-like growth form with a basal holdfast), production of spores, and residence in the digestive tract of arthropods were considered strong enough characters to include them with the fungal
484:
471:
Cafaro, M. 2005. Eccrinales (Trichomycetes) are not fungi, but a clade of protists at the early divergence of animals and fungi. Molecular
Phylogenetics and Evolution 35: 21-34.
2099:
530:
50:
788:
Dang, S.-N., Lichtwardt, R.W., 1979. Fine
Structure of Paramoebidium (Trichomycetes) and a new species with virus-like particles. Am. J. Bot. 66, 1093-1104.
2310:
2608:
2261:
2252:
779:
Shimodaira, H., Hasegawa, M., 1999. Multiple
Comparisons of Log-Likelihoods with Applications to Phylogenetic Inference. Mol. Biol. Evol. 16, 1114–1116.
2568:
2005:
2529:
2397:
2334:
2282:
2010:
2631:
2557:
2343:
2303:
343:
parasites (known as the DRIP clade at the time) than the fungal trichomycetes. In 2005, Cafaro obtained rDNA sequence data from an unidentified
2624:
2543:
2536:
2473:
2421:
2406:
1868:
2617:
2515:
2501:
2494:
2487:
2459:
2450:
2522:
2480:
2466:
2289:
2550:
2379:
2372:
597:
Lichtwardt, R.W., M.J. Cafaro, M.M. White. 2001. The
Trichomycetes: Fungal Associates of Arthropods Revised Edition. Published online
2363:
2106:
601:
181:
511:
Cavalier-Smith, T. 1998. Neomonada and the origin of animals and fungi. In: Coombs GH, Vickerman K, Sleigh MA, Warren A (ed.)
392:
species reside in the digestive tract and ultrastructural analyses found variations in pore arrangement at the spore tips of
816:
500:
528:
Will
Karlisle Reeves (2003). "Emendation of the family name Amoebidiaceae (Choanozoa, Mesomycetozoa, Ichthyosporea)".
2143:
850:
2138:
845:
543:
2661:
2222:
2212:
2195:
929:
919:
902:
770:
Shimodaira, H., 2002. An approximately unbiased test of phylogenetic tree selection. Syst. Biol. 51, 492–508.
17:
298:
are coenocytic (i.e. lack divisions within the cell) and are unbranched. Sexual reproduction is unknown.
755:
496:
360:, although his dataset had limited taxon sampling with one representative sequence from each genus.
577:
Lichtwardt, R.W. 2001. Trichomycetes: fungi in relationship with insects and other arthropods. In:
302:
may proceed along two different routes: 1) the entire content of the cell divides into elongated,
2227:
2092:
934:
809:
485:"The class mesomycetozoea: a heterogeneous group of microorganisms at the animal-fungal boundary"
295:
299:
2190:
897:
689:
Cienkowski, L. 1861. Ueber parasitische Schläuche auf
Crustaceen und einigen Insektenlarven (
759:
8:
1712:
1496:
598:
2207:
2185:
2173:
2148:
1722:
914:
892:
880:
855:
802:
58:
656:
Whisler, H.C., 1963. Observations on some new and unusual enterophilous phycomycetes.
212:. However, Amoebidiidae is now monogeneric as it was recently emended to include only
2217:
2180:
2168:
2158:
2056:
1982:
1963:
1673:
1256:
924:
887:
875:
865:
743:
2132:
2028:
1974:
1728:
1174:
839:
539:
335:
In 2000, two independent studies used molecular phylogenetic evidence to show that
166:
1660:
712:
Trotter, M.J. & Whisler, H.C., 1965. Chemical composition of the cell wall of
2588:
1901:
1076:
605:
563:
282:
species are single-celled, cigar-shaped or tubular in vegetative growth form (=
2325:
2296:
2275:
2163:
2119:
1997:
1987:
1951:
1926:
1615:
1406:
1307:
1229:
1038:
870:
380:
364:
189:
117:
2084:
2655:
2597:
2577:
2386:
2268:
2033:
1832:
1824:
1654:
1575:
1515:
1426:
1400:
1129:
329:
208:
105:
2243:
2066:
1893:
1873:
1813:
1717:
1690:
1637:
1595:
1562:
1337:
1115:
1054:
794:
229:
81:
2508:
2115:
1957:
1883:
1735:
1699:
1679:
1627:
1601:
1491:
1439:
1412:
1394:
1367:
1134:
1003:
992:
675:
Comptes Rendus
Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences Paris
673:, nouveau genre d'Eccrinides, parasite des larves aquatiques d'Insectes.
303:
274:
As the family is monogeneric, the description follows that of the genus,
243:
185:
41:
744:"A novel clade of protistan parasites near the animal-fungal divergence"
286:), and attach to the exoskeleton of various freshwater arthropod hosts (
2439:
2038:
1862:
1853:
1838:
1706:
1643:
1502:
1463:
1458:
1344:
1261:
1156:
1068:
581:. J. Seckbach, ed. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, p. 515-588.
308:
287:
202:
174:
151:
733:. Montclair: Allanheld, Osmun & Co. Publishers, Inc., pp. 175–227.
2352:
1937:
1878:
1586:
1551:
1509:
1486:
1468:
1355:
1291:
1166:
1043:
986:
973:
825:
729:
Moss, S.T., 1979. Commensalism of Trichomycetes. In L. R. Batra, ed.
368:
225:
170:
69:
2202:
1944:
1906:
1807:
1784:
1331:
1326:
1318:
1248:
1123:
998:
981:
959:
909:
2060:
1795:
1632:
1478:
1385:
1374:
1238:
1144:
1100:
1008:
340:
283:
262:-like dispersal cells that are produced during the life cycle of
234:
220:
is now the sole genus of the family Paramoebidiidae). Species of
93:
184:, but molecular phylogenetic analyses place the family with the
1653:
1450:
1180:
1082:
1024:
339:
was more closely related to a small clade of animal-associated
291:
259:
247:
731:
Insect-Fungus Symbiosis Nutrition, Mutualism, and Commensalism
367:
that included broad taxon and gene sampling found evidence of
311:). Currently there are five described species in the family.
2020:
177:
141:
1277:
544:
10.1654/1525-2647(2003)070[0078:EOTFNA]2.0.CO;2
742:
Ragan MA, Goggin CL, Cawthorn RJ, et al. (October 1996).
363:
However, a recent molecular phylogenetic analysis of the
332:
until additional evidence could resolve their placement.
294:) by means of a secreted, glue-like basal holdfast. The
599:
http://www.nhm.ku.edu/%7Efungi/Monograph/Text/Mono.htm
442:
Ustinova, I, Krienitz, L., and Huss, V. A. R. 2000.
250:, at least some species may be facultative symbionts.
562:
and Evolution in press, available online 20Feb.2017.
314:
196:, and considered the sole family of the fungal order
527:
379:. Although topology tests conducted on the dataset (
192:(= Ichthyosporea). The family was originally called
388:species attach to the exterior of the host whereas
669:LĂ©ger, L., and Duboscq, O. 1929. L'Ă©volution des
135:Lichtenstein 1917 ex Kirk, Canon & David 2001
2653:
2251:
2114:
1973:
623:a commensalisme interne du rectum des larves d'
483:Mendoza L, Taylor JW, Ajello L (October 2002).
228:of freshwater-dwelling arthropod hosts such as
639:Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale
564:https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.02.007
2100:
810:
824:
450:is not a fungus, but a member of the DRIPS.
1689:
2107:
2093:
817:
803:
513:Evolutionary relationships among protozoa.
40:
1067:
446:is not a green alga, but a lower fungus;
972:
523:
521:
419:Benny, G. L., and O'Donnell, K. 2000.
957:
347:species and it was placed as sister to
14:
2654:
2075:denotes groups with over 1,000 species
501:10.1146/annurev.micro.56.012302.160950
2088:
798:
652:
650:
615:
613:
518:
423:is a protozoan, not a Trichomycete.
593:
591:
589:
587:
573:
571:
557:
555:
553:
479:
477:
467:
465:
463:
438:
436:
415:
413:
246:(exterior) of the host and grow in
24:
647:
619:Lichtenstein, J. L. 1917a. Sur un
610:
315:Taxonomic and phylogenetic history
258:The "amoeb-" prefix refers to the
25:
2673:
584:
568:
550:
474:
460:
433:
410:
782:
773:
764:
736:
723:
706:
683:
663:
1554:
1550:
1310:
1306:
505:
269:
13:
1:
403:
748:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
515:Kluwer, London, pp. 375-407.
253:
7:
173:, previously thought to be
10:
2678:
718:Canadian Journal of Botany
658:Canadian Journal of Botany
200:that included two genera:
2607:
2587:
2567:
2449:
2429:
2420:
2396:
2362:
2342:
2333:
2324:
2242:
2126:
2051:
2019:
1996:
1923:
1892:
1852:
1823:
1803:
1794:
1782:
1778:
1623:
1614:
1585:
1570:
1561:
1548:
1544:
1477:
1449:
1434:
1425:
1384:
1363:
1354:
1317:
1304:
1300:
1287:
1274:
1270:
1247:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1165:
1152:
1143:
1110:
1097:
1063:
1052:
1034:
1021:
968:
953:
949:
833:
147:
140:
59:Scientific classification
57:
48:
39:
34:
1280:
1276:
760:10.1073/pnas.93.21.11907
531:Comparative Parasitology
224:are considered obligate
444:Hyaloraphidium curvatum
180:belonging to the class
714:Amoebidium parasiticum
448:Amoebidium parasiticum
421:Amoebidium parasiticum
394:Amoebidium parasiticum
381:Approximately Unbiased
337:Amoebidium parasiticum
319:The classification of
242:species attach to the
51:Amoebidium parasiticum
2662:Opisthokont families
660:, 41(6), pp.887–900.
489:Annu. Rev. Microbiol
398:Paramoebidium curvum
300:Asexual reproduction
238:). However, because
1952:Gunflint microbiota
1713:Klebsormidiophyceae
1497:Hyphochytriomycetes
720:, (43), pp.869–876.
1723:Coleochaetophyceae
1103:
1099:
1027:
1023:
698:Botanische Zeitung
604:2017-04-26 at the
27:Family of protozoa
2649:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2609:Parataeniellaceae
2416:
2415:
2320:
2319:
2262:Amphibiocystidium
2253:Rhinosporidiaceae
2082:
2081:
2047:
2046:
1983:Spironematellidae
1964:Meteora sporadica
1919:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1848:
1847:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1674:Prasinodermophyta
1610:
1609:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1421:
1420:
1257:Centroplasthelida
1215:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1093:
1092:
1017:
1016:
232:and water fleas (
169:of single-celled
160:
159:
16:(Redirected from
2669:
2427:
2426:
2340:
2339:
2331:
2330:
2249:
2248:
2155:
2135:
2109:
2102:
2095:
2086:
2085:
2029:Collodictyonidae
1975:Hemimastigophora
1971:
1970:
1930:
1801:
1800:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1780:
1779:
1729:Zygnematophyceae
1687:
1686:
1667:
1651:
1650:
1621:
1620:
1568:
1567:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1546:
1545:
1432:
1431:
1361:
1360:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1302:
1301:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1272:
1271:
1245:
1244:
1232:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1175:Choanoflagellata
1150:
1149:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1032:
1031:
1028:
970:
969:
966:
965:
962:
955:
954:
951:
950:
862:
842:
819:
812:
805:
796:
795:
789:
786:
780:
777:
771:
768:
762:
754:(21): 11907–12.
740:
734:
727:
721:
710:
704:
687:
681:
667:
661:
654:
645:
617:
608:
595:
582:
575:
566:
559:
548:
547:
525:
516:
509:
503:
481:
472:
469:
458:
440:
431:
417:
44:
32:
31:
21:
2677:
2676:
2672:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2637:
2603:
2589:Paramoebidiidae
2583:
2569:Ichthyophonidae
2563:
2445:
2412:
2392:
2358:
2316:
2238:
2237:
2153:
2131:
2122:
2113:
2083:
2078:
2043:
2015:
2006:Ancyromonadidae
1992:
1969:
1924:
1911:
1902:Malawimonadidae
1888:
1844:
1819:
1783:
1742:
1685:
1658:
1657:
1649:
1606:
1581:
1549:
1520:
1473:
1445:
1417:
1380:
1350:
1305:
1296:
1275:
1266:
1243:
1228:
1187:
1161:
1139:
1098:
1089:
1053:
1048:
1022:
1013:
958:
945:
944:
860:
838:
829:
823:
793:
792:
787:
783:
778:
774:
769:
765:
741:
737:
728:
724:
711:
707:
688:
684:
668:
664:
655:
648:
618:
611:
606:Wayback Machine
596:
585:
576:
569:
560:
551:
526:
519:
510:
506:
482:
475:
470:
461:
441:
434:
418:
411:
406:
317:
272:
256:
136:
133:
132:
120:
108:
96:
84:
72:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2675:
2665:
2664:
2647:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2628:
2621:
2613:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2593:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2573:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2554:
2547:
2540:
2533:
2530:Paramacrinella
2526:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2455:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2435:
2433:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2402:
2400:
2398:Psorospermidae
2394:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2383:
2376:
2368:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2348:
2346:
2337:
2335:Sphaeroformina
2328:
2326:Ichthyophonida
2322:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2307:
2300:
2297:Rhinosporidium
2293:
2286:
2283:Dermosporidium
2279:
2276:Dermocystidium
2272:
2265:
2257:
2255:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2228:Mesomycetozoea
2225:
2220:
2210:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2164:Diaphoretickes
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2120:Mesomycetozoea
2112:
2111:
2104:
2097:
2089:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2070:
2063:
2059:excluded from
2052:
2049:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2025:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2011:Planomonadidae
2008:
2002:
2000:
1998:Ancyromonadida
1994:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1988:Paramastigidae
1985:
1979:
1977:
1968:
1967:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1940:
1933:
1931:
1927:Incertae sedis
1921:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1898:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1858:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1835:
1829:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1810:
1804:
1798:
1789:
1776:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1732:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1703:
1695:
1693:
1684:
1683:
1676:
1670:
1668:
1648:
1647:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1624:
1618:
1616:Archaeplastida
1612:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1591:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1579:
1571:
1565:
1556:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1513:
1506:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1483:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1455:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1410:
1407:Dinoflagellata
1403:
1401:Chrompodellida
1398:
1390:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1371:
1364:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1341:
1334:
1329:
1323:
1321:
1312:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1253:
1251:
1242:
1241:
1235:
1233:
1230:Diaphoretickes
1217:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1185:
1177:
1171:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1159:
1153:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1119:
1111:
1105:
1095:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1079:
1073:
1071:
1058:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1035:
1029:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
989:
984:
978:
976:
963:
947:
946:
943:
942:
941:
940:
939:
938:
935:Mesomycetozoea
932:
927:
917:
907:
906:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
884:
883:
871:Diaphoretickes
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
835:
834:
831:
830:
828:classification
822:
821:
814:
807:
799:
791:
790:
781:
772:
763:
735:
722:
705:
682:
662:
646:
609:
583:
567:
549:
517:
504:
473:
459:
432:
408:
407:
405:
402:
365:Ichthyophonida
316:
313:
271:
268:
255:
252:
248:axenic culture
190:Mesomycetozoea
158:
157:
156:
155:
145:
144:
138:
137:
134:
128:
126:
122:
121:
118:Ichthyophonida
116:
114:
110:
109:
104:
102:
98:
97:
92:
90:
86:
85:
80:
78:
74:
73:
68:
66:
62:
61:
55:
54:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2674:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2634:
2633:
2632:Parataeniella
2629:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2598:Paramoebidium
2595:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2578:Ichthyophonus
2575:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2558:Taeniellopsis
2555:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2344:Creolimacidae
2341:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2323:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2304:Sphaerothecum
2301:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2269:Chromosphaera
2266:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2191:Stramenopiles
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2154:(major groups
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2110:
2105:
2103:
2098:
2096:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2055:Âątraditional
2054:
2053:
2050:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2034:Mantamonadida
2032:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1922:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1834:
1833:Heterolobosea
1831:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1825:Discicristata
1822:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1777:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1656:
1655:Viridiplantae
1652:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1576:Microheliella
1573:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1557:
1553:
1547:
1543:
1517:
1516:Actinophryida
1514:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1427:Stramenopiles
1424:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1309:
1303:
1299:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1279:
1273:
1269:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1130:Ichthyosporea
1128:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1102:
1096:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1078:
1077:Rotosphaerida
1075:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1051:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1039:Apusomonadida
1037:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1020:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
994:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
979:
977:
975:
971:
967:
964:
961:
956:
952:
948:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
922:
921:
918:
916:
913:
912:
911:
908:
904:
901:
899:
898:Stramenopiles
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
882:
879:
878:
877:
874:
873:
872:
869:
867:
864:
861:(major groups
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
841:
837:
836:
832:
827:
820:
815:
813:
808:
806:
801:
800:
797:
785:
776:
767:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
739:
732:
726:
719:
715:
709:
702:
699:
695:
692:
686:
679:
676:
672:
671:Paramoebidium
666:
659:
653:
651:
643:
640:
636:
633:
629:
626:
622:
616:
614:
607:
603:
600:
594:
592:
590:
588:
580:
574:
572:
565:
558:
556:
554:
545:
541:
537:
533:
532:
524:
522:
514:
508:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
480:
478:
468:
466:
464:
456:
453:
449:
445:
439:
437:
429:
426:
422:
416:
414:
409:
401:
399:
395:
391:
390:Paramoebidium
387:
382:
378:
377:Paramoebidium
374:
370:
366:
361:
359:
358:Paramoebidium
355:
350:
346:
345:Paramoebidium
342:
338:
333:
331:
330:trichomycetes
326:
325:Paramoebidium
322:
312:
310:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
267:
265:
261:
251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
236:
231:
227:
223:
219:
218:Paramoebidium
215:
211:
210:
209:Paramoebidium
205:
204:
199:
195:
194:Amoebidiaceae
191:
187:
183:
182:Trichomycetes
179:
176:
172:
168:
164:
154:
153:
149:
148:
146:
143:
139:
131:
127:
124:
123:
119:
115:
112:
111:
107:
106:Ichthyosporea
103:
100:
99:
95:
91:
88:
87:
83:
79:
76:
75:
71:
67:
64:
63:
60:
56:
53:
52:
47:
43:
38:
35:Amoebidiidae
33:
30:
19:
2630:
2625:Nodocrinella
2623:
2616:
2596:
2576:
2556:
2549:
2544:Ramacrinella
2542:
2537:Passalomyces
2535:
2528:
2521:
2514:
2507:
2500:
2493:
2486:
2479:
2474:Astreptonema
2472:
2465:
2458:
2438:
2431:Amoebidiidae
2430:
2422:Trichomycina
2407:Psorospermis
2405:
2385:
2378:
2371:
2351:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2288:
2281:
2274:
2267:
2260:
2244:Dermocystida
2213:Opisthokonta
2072:
2067:paraphyletic
1962:
1943:
1925:
1894:Malawimonada
1874:Anaeromonada
1869:Anaeramoebae
1861:
1837:
1814:Tsukubamonas
1812:
1734:
1727:
1718:Charophyceae
1705:
1698:
1691:Streptophyta
1678:
1662:
1642:
1638:Rhodelphidia
1596:Palpitomonas
1594:
1574:
1563:Pancryptista
1508:
1501:
1438:
1405:
1393:
1373:
1343:
1338:Foraminifera
1336:
1179:
1122:
1116:Tunicaraptor
1114:
1081:
1055:Opisthokonta
991:
920:Opisthokonta
784:
775:
766:
751:
747:
738:
730:
725:
717:
713:
708:
700:
697:
693:
690:
685:
677:
674:
670:
665:
657:
641:
638:
635:fasciculatum
634:
631:
627:
624:
620:
578:
538:(1): 78–79.
535:
529:
512:
507:
492:
488:
454:
451:
447:
443:
430:: 1133-1137.
427:
424:
420:
397:
393:
389:
385:
376:
372:
362:
357:
353:
348:
344:
336:
334:
324:
320:
318:
279:
275:
273:
263:
257:
239:
233:
230:midge larvae
221:
217:
213:
207:
201:
198:Amoebidiales
197:
193:
163:Amoebidiidae
162:
161:
150:
130:Amoebidiidae
129:
89:(unranked):
82:Opisthokonta
77:(unranked):
49:
29:
18:Amoebidiales
2618:Lajassiella
2516:Leidyomyces
2509:Enteropogon
2502:Enteromyces
2495:Enterobryus
2488:Eccrinoides
2460:Alacrinella
2451:Eccrinaceae
2116:Opisthokont
1958:Chitinozoan
1884:Parabasalia
1736:Embryophyta
1700:Chlorokybus
1680:Chlorophyta
1628:Glaucophyta
1602:Cryptophyta
1492:Pirsoniales
1459:Bicosoecida
1440:Platysulcus
1413:Perkinsozoa
1395:Apicomplexa
1368:Colponemida
1135:Pluriformea
1004:Archamoebea
993:Eumycetozoa
694:parasiticum
309:cystospores
304:uninucleate
270:Description
244:exoskeleton
186:opisthokont
2523:Palavascia
2481:Eccrinidus
2467:Arundinula
2440:Amoebidium
2311:Valentines
2290:Dermotheca
2039:Rigifilida
1938:Acritarchs
1863:Barthelona
1854:Metamonada
1839:Euglenozoa
1707:Mesostigma
1663:sensu lato
1644:Rhodophyta
1503:Ochrophyta
1464:Placidozoa
1375:Ciliophora
1345:Radiolaria
1262:Haptophyta
1157:Filasterea
1069:Holomycota
703:: 169-174.
691:Amoebidium
632:Amoebidium
621:Amoebidium
495:: 315–44.
457:: 253-262.
404:References
386:Amoebidium
373:Amoebidium
354:Amoebidium
349:Amoebidium
321:Amoebidium
288:Crustaecea
280:Amoebidium
276:Amoebidium
264:Amoebidium
240:Amoebidium
222:Amoebidium
214:Amoebidium
203:Amoebidium
175:zygomycete
171:eukaryotes
152:Amoebidium
2551:Taeniella
2380:Caullerya
2373:Abeoforma
2353:Creolimax
2208:Amoebozoa
2186:Alveolata
2174:Cryptista
2149:Eukaryota
1879:Fornicata
1785:Excavates
1587:Cryptista
1510:Oomycetes
1487:Developea
1469:Sagenista
1356:Alveolata
1292:Telonemia
1167:Choanozoa
1044:Breviatea
987:Tubulinea
974:Amoebozoa
915:Amoebozoa
893:Alveolata
881:Cryptista
856:Eukaryota
826:Eukaryote
628:imperator
579:Symbiosis
425:Mycologia
369:polyphyly
254:Etymology
226:symbionts
70:Eukaryota
2656:Category
2203:Amorphea
2181:Rhizaria
2169:Hacrobia
2159:Excavata
2144:Bacteria
2061:protists
2057:kingdoms
1945:Grypania
1907:Imasidae
1808:Jakobida
1332:Endomyxa
1327:Cercozoa
1319:Rhizaria
1249:Haptista
1181:Animalia
1124:Bicellum
999:Variosea
982:Discosea
960:Amorphea
910:Amorphea
888:Rhizaria
876:Hacrobia
866:Excavata
851:Bacteria
680:: 75-77.
644:: 49-62.
602:Archived
371:between
125:Family:
65:Domain:
2364:Piridae
2218:Animals
2139:Archaea
1796:Discoba
1661:Plants
1633:Picozoa
1479:Gyrista
1386:Myzozoa
1239:Provora
1145:Filozoa
1101:Holozoa
1009:Cutosea
925:Animals
846:Archaea
637:n. sp.
630:Leach:
452:Protist
341:protist
292:Insecta
284:thallus
235:Daphnia
113:Order:
101:Class:
94:Holozoa
2196:Plants
2133:Domain
2069:groups
1451:Bigyra
1025:Obazoa
903:Plants
840:Domain
296:thalli
260:amoeba
188:group
167:family
142:Genera
2387:Pirum
2223:Fungi
2021:CRuMs
1083:Fungi
930:Fungi
696:m.).
216:(and
178:fungi
165:is a
2073:bold
1278:TSAR
625:Anax
396:and
375:and
356:and
323:and
206:and
1552:CAM
1308:SAR
756:doi
678:189
540:doi
497:doi
455:151
290:or
2658::
2118::
752:93
750:.
746:.
716:.
701:19
649:^
642:56
612:^
586:^
570:^
552:^
536:70
534:.
520:^
493:56
491:.
487:.
476:^
462:^
435:^
428:92
412:^
400:.
278:.
266:.
2230:)
2108:e
2101:t
2094:v
2065:*
1956:â€
1950:â€
1942:â€
1936:â€
1787:*
1739:Âą
1666:)
1659:(
1370:*
1184:Âą
1121:â€
1086:Âą
937:)
818:e
811:t
804:v
758::
546:.
542::
499::
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
