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standard and no law schools having ever been found in violation of the rule. The new rule requires the 75% bar passage rate be achieved within 2 years with no exceptions. The change was passed by the
Section despite failing a vote in the ABA House of Delegates twice. Proponents of the change say the increased standard will ensure students are better prepared for passing the bar and for legal practice in general with less students acquiring large student debt without reasonable job opportunities. Opponents claim this will adversely affect diversity in law schools, which will be forced to increase their admissions standards and required LSAT scores, which in turn will disproportionately affect minority applicants. Under the new plan, 14 schools will be at risk of losing their accreditation if their bar-passage rates do not improve within two years. At the time of the rule change, three law schools were currently in the process of closing, and another school was under probation. In June 2019, the ABA voted to revoke the accreditation of Thomas Jefferson School of Law in San Diego, California.
595:, called upon the ABA to provide meaningful statistics regarding the employment prospects and salary information of graduates of ABA accredited institutions. In 2011 and 2012, the ABA updated its accreditation process to include penalties and possible loss of accreditation for schools that misrepresented their graduates' employment data, as well as, greatly expanded the information required from accredited laws schools regarding student bar-passage rates and post-graduate employment. Despite the ongoing controversy surrounding law school accreditation standards and inability of law school graduates to effectively service their educational debt, the ABA continued to approve new law schools.
323:
1117:, Mark A. Cohen criticized the ABA for failing to keep the practice of law in America up with the changing demands of modern society. Cohen also criticized the ABA for opposing regulatory reform that would help increase access to affordable legal services for those in need and for engaging in protectionism when some legal services could be performed by paralegals and other non-lawyer professionals at a lower cost. Eighty percent of Americans cannot afford legal services and the ABA has failed to embrace alternative legal delivery methods that could address this problem.
43:
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requirements placed on law schools by the ABA. Many states and practitioners believe ABA requirements to be unnecessary, costly, outdated and lacking innovation. Some legal professionals and academics feel these requirements promote the rising cost of tuition. The collision of attorney layoffs in 2009, the glut of fresh non-top-tier law graduates without work, and the continued expansion of law schools raised questions on whether the ABA has been too lenient in its accreditation process.
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of judicial nominees for rating. President Trump returned to George W. Bush's policy of not giving the ABA advanced notice of judicial nominees. Seven of George W. Bush's nominees received a 'not qualified' ranking, four of
Clinton's nominees, zero of Obama's nominees, and, through December 2018, six of Trump's nominees were rated 'not qualified'. For recent U.S. Supreme Court nominees, Chief Justice
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804:); (3) newsletters, such as The International Law News (published by the ABA Section of International Law); (4) e-publications, such as a monthly message from the section chair, or updates on substantive law developments; and (5) committee publications, such as a committee newsletter published by one of the substantive law committees.
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class sizes for first-year and upper-class courses, employment outcomes and bar passage data. The 205 ABA-approved law schools reported that, 10 months after graduation, 28,029 graduates of the class of 2015, or 70 percent, were employed in long-term, full-time positions where bar passage is required or a J.D. is preferred.
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also criticized the organization for taking liberal stances on issues then proclaiming to be neutral when evaluating judicial nominees. The ABA said "evaluation of these candidates does not consider the nominees' politics, their ideology or their party affiliation and has found unqualified candidates
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In 2001 a study "found that nominees confirmed to the federal appeals courts with prior judicial experience fared about the same before the bar association whether they were nominated by the first
President George Bush or President Bill Clinton. But ... 'among those without prior judicial experience,
888:
A hearing in 2009 heard testimony from the ABA which stated that "Sentencing by mandatory minimums is the antithesis of rational sentencing policy". In 2004 the association called for the repeal of mandatory minimum sentences, stating that "there is no need for mandatory minimum sentences in a guided
598:
Since 2014, the ABA has required law schools to disclose more information about their applicants and graduates. Required information now includes such information as admissions data, tuition and fees, living costs, conditional scholarships, enrollment data, numbers of full-time and part-time faculty,
587:
The ABA accreditation process has been widely criticized for failing to ensure that law schools are disclosing accurate post-graduate statistics which may mislead students regarding the post-graduate job market, especially in light of ever-growing student loan debt. There are heated debates over
556:
ABA accreditation is important not only because it affects the recognition of the law schools involved, but it also affects a graduate's ability to practice law in a particular state. Specifically, in most U.S. jurisdictions, graduation from an ABA-accredited law school is prerequisite towards being
937:
The committee works in strictly-enforced confidentiality, typically evaluating around 60 nominees per year. Nominees are rated as "well qualified", "qualified" or "not qualified". If the president selects a prospective nominee, the committee chair notifies the White House, the
Department of Justice,
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For decades, the ABA has participated in the federal judicial nomination process by vetting nominees and giving them a rating ranging from "not qualified" to "well qualified". According to a compendium of those ratings, the ABA's
Committee on the Federal Judiciary began rating Supreme Court nominees
705:
The
American Bar Association Center for Continuing Legal Education (ABA-CLE) serves as the central CLE resource for the ABA. It is overseen by the ABA Standing Committee on Continuing Legal Education and works closely with experts from the ABA Sections and the profession at large. In addition to its
400:
The ABA adopts "policy" (organizational positions) on certain legislative and national issues, as voted on by its elected, 589-member House of
Delegates. Its board of governors, with 44 members, has the authority to act for the ABA, consistent with previous action of the House of Delegates, when the
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In 2001, the George W. Bush administration announced that it would cease submitting names to the ABA in advance of judicial nominations. The ABA continued to rate nominees, just not before the names were released publicly. During the Obama administration, the ABA was once again given advance notice
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administration. These ratings added further fuel to conservatives' arguments of bias in the nominee rating process. Republicans argued that members of the
Committee on the Federal Judiciary have allowed their personal liberal political leanings to influence their ratings under the category of
825:
In 2017, the ABA's
Commission on Women in the Profession released "A Current Glance at Women in the Law", providing research about the status of women in the American legal profession. The report showed a 6 percent increase in women attorneys over the last decade, with women currently making up 36
404:
The ABA president, elected to a one-year term, is chief executive officer of the association, while the appointed, longer-serving executive director works as chief operating officer. The conclusion of the ABA annual meeting, in August, is when a new president takes office, as well as when the main
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There are several procedural differences between the committee's investigations of
Supreme Court nominees and those of lower courts, notably that investigations of Supreme Court nominees are conducted after the president has submitted a nomination. Also, there is added scrutiny with Supreme Court
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The ABA's Criminal Justice Section, specifically the Corrections Committee, focuses on the United States Criminal Justice System and its surrounding laws, policies, and structure. The Corrections Committee "is pushing to provide greater assistance ... for those reentering society" from prison by
602:
In May 2019, the ABA Council of the Section of Legal Education and Admissions to the Bar changed the requirement for graduate bar passage rates. Previously, to remain accredited, schools had to have a 75% bar passage rate for students within 5 years of graduation, with various ways to meet this
557:
allowed to sit for that state's bar exam, and even for existing lawyers to be admitted to the bar of another state upon motion. Even states which recognize unaccredited schools within their borders will generally not recognize such schools from other jurisdictions for purposes of bar admission.
338:
The legal profession as we know it today barely existed at that time. Lawyers were generally sole practitioners who trained under a system of apprenticeship. There was no national code of ethics; there was no national organization to serve as a forum for discussion of the increasingly intricate
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The committee consists of two members from the ninth judicial circuit, one member from each of the other federal judicial circuits and the chair of the committee. The ABA's board of governors, House of Delegates and officers are not involved with the work of the committee, and it is completely
152:, and the formulation of model ethical codes related to the legal profession. As of fiscal year 2017, the ABA had 194,000 dues-paying members, constituting approximately 14.4% of American attorneys. In 1979, half of all lawyers in the U.S. were members of the ABA. The organization's national
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At the 2014 annual meeting, the ABA passed Resolution 114B, which stated that "lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people have a human right to be free from discrimination, threats, and violence based on their LGBT status," and called on the governments of countries where such
391:
On May 1, 2019, the ABA launched a new membership model aimed at reversing declining membership and revenue. As mentioned in "Criticisms", below, and despite ABA's own rule against age-discriminatory conduct, the "experience-based" component of the ABA dues structure is a proxy for age
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The ABA judicial nominee rating process drew additional attention during the Trump administration. Through June 2019, six of President Trump's nominees were rated "not qualified." Three of those were ranked unanimously not qualified, which had only occurred twice previously since the
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insulated from the rest of the ABA's activities, including its policies. Although the committee rates prospective nominees, it does not propose, recommend or endorse candidates for nomination to the federal judiciary, as that would compromise its independent evaluative function.
909:" violates the Constitution. These are documents attached by the president when signing bills, in which the president expresses an opinion that newly created legal restrictions on the executive branch or president are not binding and need not be enforced or obeyed as written.
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president. Supporters of the rating system argue that nominees rated 'not qualified' will not perform as well as judges, however, a 2010 study found "a review of tens of thousands of dispositions does not provide generally persuasive evidence that judges rated by the ABA as
846:(conducted by NORC at the University of Chicago researcher Mandy Sha) on the experiences of Hispanic, African-American, Native American, and Asian American women in the legal profession and produced a toolkit in 2014 to assist bar associations, law firms, and corporations.
1078:, who was the Assistant Attorney General of the United States at that time, was initially admitted to the ABA, but his admission was rescinded in 1912 due to his race. This policy only changed in 1943, but no African American lawyers joined until 1950. In 1925,
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The purpose of the original organization, as set forth in its first constitution, was "the advancement of the science of jurisprudence, the promotion of the administration of justice and a uniformity of legislation throughout the country...."
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One function of the ABA is its creation and maintenance of a code of ethical standards for lawyers. Its first ethics code was created in 1908, and the code has undergone substantial revisions since. This code, called the
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In November 2022, the ABA Legal Education and Admissions to the Bar Council voted to eliminate its accreditation requirement that law schools in the United States require prospective students submit results on the
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Each year in August, the ABA holds an annual meeting in different cities that consists of speeches, CLE classes, gatherings, and the ABA EXPO. At the meeting, the recipient of the association's highest honor, the
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for law schools in the U.S. American law schools that are accredited by the council are termed "approved" by the ABA, which indicates the law school was found to be in compliance with ABA accreditation standards.
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president, with all other factors being equal. Candidates nominated by a Democratic president were 15 percent more likely to receive a "well qualified" ranking than a similarly qualified candidate nominated by a
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was named ABA Executive Director/COO after Rives' retirement in March 2023. She joined the ABA staff in 1988 and rose through the ranks at the association before being named deputy executive director in 2022.
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published by the Real Property, Trust and Estate Law) ). Some of these magazines, such as the Business Law Section's "Business Law Today", are available on-line to non-members. The first such journal was the
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1106:. The ABA's official position in favor of abortion rights led to the formation of an alternative organization for lawyers in 1993, the National Lawyers for Life, now the National Lawyers Association. The
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Throughout its history, the ABA has faced a range of criticism for different issues, including for their past stances regarding race, their diversity (or lack thereof), and for their policy positions.
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sessions of the House of Delegates take place. The annual meeting also gives the general membership the opportunity to participate in educational programs and hear speakers address many issues.
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ABA members may also join practice setting or subject-specific "sections", "divisions", or "forums", and each entity publishes a variety of newsletters and magazines for its members (such as
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For law students attending ABA-accredited schools, memberships are available for free. Students attending non-ABA accredited law schools are permitted to join the ABA as associate members.
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companies, but still women only represent 24.8 percent of Fortune 500 general counsels. Since 2003, the Commission on Women in the Profession also supported quantitative and qualitative
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In recent years, the ABA has also drawn some criticism, mainly from the conservative side of the political spectrum, for taking positions on controversial public policy topics such as
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834:, women make up less than 22 percent of partners, a 4.2 percent increase over the last 10 years. In the last decade, there has been a significant growth rate of women in the role of
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The ABA also failed to address rules that prohibit some online legal referral websites when it updated the Model Rules regarding Communication Concerning a Lawyer's Services.
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the differences were stark: 65 percent of Clinton nominees received the A.B.A.'s highest rating compared to 17 percent of Bush nominees.'" In 2012, a study was released in
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2002:
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and law students; it is not specific to any jurisdiction in the United States. Founded in 1878, the ABA's stated activities are the setting of academic standards for
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528:). The one state that has not adopted the ABA's code is California, and Puerto Rico is the sole territory that has not adopted the ABA's code. However, parts of the
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Members of the committee were accused of asking inappropriate questions of a nominee regarding abortion and negatively referring to Republicans as "you people."
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Smelcer, Susan Navarro; Steigerwalt, Amy; Vining, Richard L. Jr. (December 2012). "Bias and the Bar: Evaluating the ABA Ratings of Federal Judicial Nominees".
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2464:"Justice Department Asks Court to Hold American Bar Association in Civil Contempt - ABA Acknowledges Consent Decree Violations and Agrees to Pay $ 185,000"
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and condescending terms. The rule also prohibits attorneys from engaging in discrimination based on age in the conduct of bar association activities.
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1984:
1934:
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At the 2010 annual meeting, the ABA passed Resolution 111 urging every state, territorial, and tribal government to eliminate legal barriers to
781:
Each entity typically has a publication program that includes (1) books, usually oriented toward practitioners; (2) scholarly journals, such as
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at a time when the ABA would not allow them to be members. Currently, the National Bar Association has over 60,000 members and 84 chapters.
290:
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in 1956, but: "At various points in its history, the committee altered its ratings categories, making comparisons across time difficult."
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At the 2013 annual meeting, the ABA's House of Delegates passed a resolution that made it harder for criminal defense lawyers to use the
698:
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and gender identity among characteristics that should be protected, along with race, religion, national origin, sex, and disability.
654:
505:
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pushing law schools and state bar associations to provide opportunities for law students to represent prisoners reentering society.
4169:
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4235:
3911:"Paulette Brown: The Engineer for Justice – The first African-American female president of the ABA on 'the long arc of history.'"
1625:
4039:
2438:"Justice Department and American Bar Association Resolve Charges That the ABA's Process for Accrediting Law Schools was Misused"
4250:
4069:
2714:"Federal Bill Introduced Mandating 10 Years To Life For Pot Sales, American Bar Association Report Blasts Mandatory Sentencing"
2614:
1403:; For a historical overview see Matzko, John A., "'The Best Men of the Bar': The Founding of the American Bar Association," in
1048:
stated that the ABA is a liberal advocacy group and, as such, "should not be treated as a fair or impartial arbiter of merit."
870:
panic defense, which argues that a crime victim's sexual orientation or gender identity should mitigate the defendant's guilt.
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4013:
3468:
Shepherd, George B. “No African-American Lawyers Allowed: The Inefficient Racism of the ABA’s Accreditation of Law Schools.”
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Prior to 1943, the ABA did not admit any African-American members and its discrimination led to the formation in 1937 of the
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1674:
2003:"Grassley asks about potential bait and switch of students at ABA-accredited law schools and subsequent risk for taxpayers"
843:
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3262:"Examining the American Bar Association's Ratings of Nominees to the U.S. Courts of Appeals for Political Bias, 1989-2000"
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2505:
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1306:
501:
268:
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Berry, Michael J. (2009). "Controversially Executing The Law: George W. Bush And The Constitutional Signing Statement".
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previously sponsored a twice-a-year publication called "ABA Watch" that reports on the political activities of the ABA.
445:
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1396:
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2114:
1509:"QUIT BAR ASSOCIATION, CHARGING RACE BIAS; Judge Goldstein and A.G. Hays Protest Exclusion of Negro (Published 1943)"
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in 1943 and several prominent members threatened to quit as a result and the organization was finally integrated.
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award 47.3 percent of J.D.s to women, which has been consistent for the past 10 years. In private practice
525:
263:
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3324:"ABA Judicial Ratings as the 'Gold Standard' or Fool's Gold: Federal District Judge Ratings and Reversals"
2585:"A Current Glance at Women in the Law by American Bar Association - Commission on Women in the Profession"
1443:
787:(published by the ABA Section of Administrative Law & Regulatory Practice and The American University
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journal in the U.S. (1908–1914). The entities also hold their own meetings, such as the annual Solo Day.
548:
recognises the Council of the ABA Section on Legal Education and Admissions to the Bar as a professional
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221:
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showing that from 1977 to 2008 there was a distinct bias in favor of judicial candidates nominated by a
4124:
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247:
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Russell Frisby, 2008–2009 Chair of the ABA's Administrative Law and Regulatory Practice section, at a
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237:
3777:"ABA proposes changes to lawyer ad rules; but referral-fee issue as to Avvo and others remains open"
3370:"American Bar Association refers to conservatives as 'you people' when rating Trump's judicial pick"
3199:"ABA Standing Committee on the Federal Judiciary rates Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson "Well Qualified""
412:, formerly TJAG (The Judge Advocate General of the Air Force), was appointed executive director and
322:
2988:
1759:"American Bar Association (ABA) | Encyclopedia of American Government and Civics - Credo Reference"
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nominees, such as teams of law professors examining the legal writings of the prospective justice.
793:
707:
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own distribution, the ABA-CLE is also delivered via private, non-profit CLE organizations, such as
643:
619:. In 2006, the ABA acknowledged that it violated the consent decree and paid DOJ a $ 185,000 fine.
573:
517:
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discrimination, imposing significantly higher dues on lawyers as their years in practice increase.
278:
4025:
Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Accreditation Council for Education in Nutrition and Dietetics
2463:
2324:"ABA legal ed section's council adopts tighter bar pass standard; clock for compliance starts now"
1966:"Breaking: Senator Boxer Calls on ABA to Ensure Accurate and Transparent Reporting by Law Schools"
460:
3174:"ABA testifies on 'well qualified' rating: Kavanaugh has 'an excellent reputation for integrity'"
3173:
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2666:"American Bar Association Adopts Inclusive Anti-Bullying Resolution | Human Rights Campaign"
1939:
1907:
1336:
647:
592:
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105:
20:
3699:"Perspective: The Opposition to ABA Law Connect Was About Lawyer Protectionism, Not Public Good"
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2437:
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359:
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In 1995 the United States Department of Justice accused the ABA of violating Section 1 of the
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admissions test (while continuing to permit law schools to require them of their own accord).
1002:
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352:
138:
1541:"Paulette Brown to become first African-American woman to head the American Bar Association"
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334:, by 75 lawyers from 20 states and the District of Columbia. According to the ABA website:
1985:"Senators Seek Decade of Detailed Law School Placement, Bar Passage and Student Debt Data"
8:
3598:"Lawyers' group fuels Republicans' ire over its negative reviews of Trump judicial picks"
3445:"Lawyers' group fuels Republicans' ire over its negative reviews of Trump judicial picks"
982:
950:
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the members of the Senate Judiciary Committee and the nominee of the committee's rating.
374:
348:
3148:"ABA rates Supreme Court nominee Gorsuch "Well Qualified" - Governmental Affairs Office"
818:
The ABA's Commission on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity was established in 2007.
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In 2011, the ABA's House of Delegates passed an anti-bullying resolution that included
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2400:"American Bar Association Votes to Strip Thomas Jefferson Law School of Accreditation"
2022:"Suggestions for Law School Makeovers Include Radical Changes – Daily Business Review"
1558:"At the Bar; High bar official draws fire over dismissals, flamboyance and Dalmatians"
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3127:
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1935:"No LSAT Required? Law Schools Admissions Tests Could Be Optional Under New Proposal"
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1187:
1162:
1103:
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918:
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The association publishes a monthly general magazine circulated to all members, the
3973:
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3288:
3227:
2922:
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2349:"Law schools where too many graduates fail the bar exam may face tougher sanctions"
1527:"Judge Jonah Goldstein Quits Bar Association Because It Bars Negro from Membership"
1149:
1079:
1075:
898:
165:
3928:
2168:"Advancing Transparency in Law School Employment Data: The ABA's New Standard 509"
1695:. ABA Media Relations & Communication Services. April 22, 2010. Archived from
3395:"Cynthia Nance bias colors Trump judicial nominees' ABA ratings, Republicans say"
3034:"Cynthia Nance bias colors Trump judicial nominees' ABA ratings, Republicans say"
2425:
1400:
1354:, an electronic mailing list sponsored and hosted by the American Bar Association
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42:
1575:"Risk & Reinvention: How Women Are Changing the World — August 15-16, 2014"
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27:
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1407:, Gerard W. Gawalt (ed.), (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1984), pp. 75-96.
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2295:"Law schools will face tougher sanctions if too many graduates fail bar exam"
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in its law school accreditation proceedings. The case was resolved with a
380:
In 2016 ABA introduced a new ethics rule prohibiting attorneys from using
2857:"STANDING COMMITTEE ON THE FEDERAL JUDICIARY WHAT IT IS AND HOW IT WORKS"
2792:
986:
839:
827:
731:
724:
612:
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3118:
Counsel for the Situation: Shaping the Law to Realize America's Promise
3090:"Lawmakers clash over American Bar Association's role in rating judges"
2424:
United States v. American Bar Association, U.S. District Court (D.C.),
2233:"Law school accreditation standards get update after 6 years of effort"
2054:
1283:
509:
149:
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2698:. Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts. June 2010. Archived from
1944:
1912:
1321:
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as its first woman executive director, who served from 1987 to 1990.
2524:"Pushing Pro Bono for the Incarcerated and Those Reentering Society"
1277:
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published by the Solo, Small Firm and General Practice Division and
632:
434:
1095:
1045:
326:
U.S. postage stamp commemorating the ABA's 75th anniversary in 1953
161:
3622:
2210:"The John Marshall Law School Launches New Law School in Savannah"
1486:
1030:
4105:
Council on Accreditation of Nurse Anesthesia Educational Programs
4054:
2115:"Up to 10 New Law Schools Planned; How Many Are Too Many? - News"
1463:
Governments, NGOs and Anti-Corruption: The New Integrity Warriors
1351:
969:
judicial nominees with similar resumes "well qualified" ratings.
693:
196:
157:
85:
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The Supreme Court Compendium: Data, Decisions & Developments
3962:
3949:
1597:"'Honeys' finally barred from courtroom; ABA move long overdue"
1071:
539:
385:
381:
145:
120:
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WASC Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges
3751:"Advertising 2.0? The ABA Revises Attorney Advertising Rules"
2019:
606:
377:
was the first female president of the ABA from 1995 to 1996.
4130:
Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology
4035:
Accreditation Commission for Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine
3725:"Rocket Lawyer CEO On the Quick Demise of ABA Pilot Program"
2692:"Sentencing Commission Takes New Look at Mandatory Minimums"
4195:
Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools
4155:
National Accrediting Commission of Career Arts and Sciences
965:
low "qualified/not qualified" ratings; later, the ABA gave
867:
521:
26:"Ankerwycke" redirects here. For the ancient yew tree, see
3122:. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. pp.
2615:"ABA Resolution 113: Why Your Law Firm Needs to Diversify"
1903:"Law School Accrediting Panel Votes to Make LSAT Optional"
897:
In July 2006, an ABA task force under ABA president, then
710:
and for-profit organizations, such as West LegalEdCenter.
347:
In 1918, the first women were admitted to the ABA – Judge
4050:
Accrediting Council for Continuing Education and Training
3576:"Senate Scours American Bar Association for Liberal Bias"
3421:"Senate Scours American Bar Association for Liberal Bias"
1737:"Alphabetical List of Jurisdictions Adopting Model Rules"
3278:
1661:
American Bar Association Centennial—A Century of Service
1377:"Office of the President | President Reginald M. Turner"
4080:
Association of Advanced Rabbinical and Talmudic Schools
2275:"2015 ABA-Approved Law School Graduate Employment Data"
1461:
de Sousa, Luís; Hindess, Barry; Larmour, Peter (2012).
1444:"New ABA Membership Strategy Aims to Reverse Slide (1)"
1405:
The New High Priests: Lawyers in Post-Civil War America
849:
797:(published by the ABA Section of International Law and
164:, and it also maintains a significant branch office in
4150:
Montessori Accreditation Council for Teacher Education
2900:"ABA Retains Little Objectivity in Nomination Process"
2500:
2498:
2496:
2494:
1675:"Meet the ABA's New Executive Director, Jack L. Rives"
1460:
1419:"ABA Decline: Why Are Fewer Lawyers Joining The Club?"
424:
4045:
Accrediting Commission of Career Schools and Colleges
4095:
Commission on English Language Program Accreditation
3114:
Coleman, William Thaddeus; Bliss, Donald T. (2010).
2874:"Obama Asks ABA To Evaluate Federal Judiciary Picks"
2506:"ABA Says LGBT Discrimination Violates Human Rights"
1259:
945:
The process has been alleged by some (including the
877:
2788:"ABA Backs Marriage Equality for Gays and Lesbians"
2491:
2142:"Kyle McEntee Challenges Law Schools to Come Clean"
582:
3115:
2488:Annual Report of the American Bar Association 2007
1824:"ABA-Accredited Law School | The Princeton Review"
1130:List of Presidents of the American Bar Association
919:civil marriage between two persons of the same sex
892:
4185:Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities
4160:National Association of Schools of Art and Design
4040:Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing
3016:"Bush Curtails ABA Role in Selecting U.S. Judges"
2550:
2548:
2020:Susan BeckContactAll Articles (January 5, 2009).
4217:
2289:
2287:
2258:"Managing Director's Guidance Memo Standard 509"
1693:"ABA Names Jack L. Rives New Executive Director"
449:, potentially preventing the article from being
2734:Green, Elizabeth Weiss. "Signs Of A Struggle."
1607:
1031:Nominee ratings during the Trump administration
1005:all received the same "well qualified" rating.
4030:Accrediting Bureau of Health Education Schools
2545:
924:
4205:WASC Senior College and University Commission
4140:Middle States Commission on Secondary Schools
4085:Association of Institutions of Jewish Studies
3994:
3342:"ABA ratings during the Trump administration"
3065:"Trump Picks More 'Not Qualified' Judges (1)"
2284:
2097:"Best Defense? Seeking a Haven in Law School"
1564:, March 31, 1989. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
622:
298:
4190:Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
4135:Middle States Commission on Higher Education
3623:"Our History | National Lawyers Association"
3113:
540:Accreditation of U.S. law schools since 1923
395:
4100:Commission on Massage Therapy Accreditation
4060:American Board of Funeral Service Education
2843:, page 390 (Fourth Edition, CQ Press, 2007)
2375:"Ultimate Bar Passage: Law Schools at Risk"
1437:
1435:
661:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
330:The ABA was founded on August 21, 1878, in
4266:Professional associations based in Chicago
4180:New England Commission of Higher Education
4175:National Association of Schools of Theatre
4001:
3987:
3322:Barondes, Royce de Rohan (June 30, 2010).
2078:"Laid-Off Lawyers and Other Professionals"
1635:
874:discriminatory laws exist to repeal them.
854:
607:Antitrust consent decree and contempt fine
469:reliable, independent, third-party sources
305:
291:
4261:Non-profit organizations based in Chicago
4145:Midwifery Education Accreditation Council
4120:Distance Education Accrediting Commission
4075:Association for Biblical Higher Education
3909:Caldwell, Andre' B. (February 15, 2017).
3748:
3013:
2645:ABA Commission on Women in the Profession
1853:Rules Regarding Admission to Practice Law
1663:, page 8 (American Bar Association, 1979)
1442:Stanzione, Melissa Heelan (May 1, 2019).
1441:
1205:(first African-American female president)
681:Learn how and when to remove this message
506:Model Code of Professional Responsibility
487:Learn how and when to remove this message
4170:National Association of Schools of Music
4165:National Association of Schools of Dance
3908:
3673:"Is the American Bar Association Passé?"
3542:"Legal Group's Neutrality Is Challenged"
3321:
3259:
3228:"Legal Group's Neutrality Is Challenged"
2920:
2684:
1900:
1432:
1123:
901:, released a report that concluded that
753:published by the Law Practice Division;
692:
534:California Rules of Professional Conduct
463:by replacing them with more appropriate
321:
4256:1878 establishments in New York (state)
4010:Postsecondary institutional accreditors
2897:
1297:ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct
1139:(first African-American male president)
1065:
446:too closely associated with the subject
4218:
4070:American Podiatric Medical Association
3539:
3225:
2935:from the original on September 7, 2006
2556:"A Current Glance at Women in the Law"
2418:
2165:
2094:
1982:
1053:put forth by both political parties."
3982:
3774:
3670:
3666:
3664:
3439:
3437:
3364:
3362:
3221:
3219:
3058:
3056:
3054:
2851:
2849:
2751:
2724:from the original on January 3, 2019.
2317:
2315:
1841:
1752:
1750:
1719:"Model Rules of Professional Conduct"
1183:2011–2012: Wm. T. (Bill) Robinson III
921:who are otherwise eligible to marry.
546:United States Department of Education
504:(1983), — or, in its older form, the
3644:"ABA Watch - The Federalist Society"
3595:
3573:
3418:
2641:"Women of Color Research Initiative"
2612:
2075:
1932:
1901:Mulvaney, Erin (November 18, 2022).
1785:"Accreditation in the United States"
1672:
912:
850:Positions on social and legal issues
659:adding citations to reliable sources
626:
428:
174:Legal education in the United States
3749:Stallings, Ten (October 22, 2018).
3596:Wolf, Richard (December 26, 2017).
3171:
3062:
2321:
2230:
2139:
1756:
1416:
1307:Association of American Law Schools
1180:(first Hispanic American president)
1089:
502:Model Rules of Professional Conduct
425:Model ethical standards for lawyers
269:Association of American Law Schools
13:
4090:Association of Theological Schools
3970:American Bar Association FBI Files
3661:
3483:
3434:
3359:
3216:
3051:
2955:"ABA Ratings of Judicial Nominees"
2923:"Yes, the ABA Rankings Are Biased"
2921:Lindgren, James (August 6, 2001).
2846:
2312:
1799:"ABA-Approved Law Schools by Year"
1747:
1579:Women's International Study Center
1497:from the original on May 22, 2018.
339:issues involved in legal practice.
14:
4277:
4241:Organizations established in 1878
4115:Council on Occupational Education
4110:Council on Chiropractic Education
3942:
3775:Rubin, Karen (February 1, 2018).
3696:
3671:Cohen, Mark A. (August 1, 2018).
3014:Goldstein, Amy (March 23, 2001).
2095:Koppel, Nathan (March 19, 2009).
1983:Hansen, Mark (October 14, 2011).
1242:
878:Mandatory sentencing requirements
826:percent of the legal profession.
4065:American Osteopathic Association
3948:
3921:
3902:
3884:
3868:. August 8, 2011. Archived from
3854:
3824:
3794:
3768:
3742:
3716:
3260:Lindgren, James (October 2001).
2898:Batkins, Sam (August 12, 2004).
1659:Fitzpatrick, Thomas M., editor.
1491:New York Women's Bar Association
1358:Union Internationale des Avocats
1292:ABA digital signature guidelines
1276:
1262:
1070:The ABA has been criticized for
953:bias. For example, the ABA gave
737:American Bar Association Journal
631:
583:Accreditation process criticisms
536:were drawn from the ABA models.
508:(1969) — has been adopted in 49
444:may rely excessively on sources
433:
180:
41:
3722:
3690:
3636:
3615:
3589:
3574:Ryan, Tim (November 15, 2017).
3567:
3540:Liptak, Adam (March 30, 2009).
3533:
3508:
3462:
3419:Ryan, Tim (November 15, 2017).
3412:
3387:
3334:
3315:
3272:
3253:
3226:Liptak, Adam (March 30, 2009).
3191:
3165:
3140:
3107:
3082:
3026:
3007:
2981:
2947:
2914:
2902:. Center for Individual Freedom
2891:
2866:
2833:
2808:
2780:
2745:
2728:
2706:
2658:
2633:
2613:Webb, Paul D. (June 19, 2017).
2606:
2577:
2516:
2482:
2456:
2430:
2392:
2367:
2341:
2267:
2250:
2224:
2212:. JD Journal. December 12, 2011
2202:
2185:
2166:Yellen, David (December 2012).
2159:
2133:
2107:
2088:
2069:
2039:
2013:
1995:
1976:
1958:
1926:
1894:
1876:
1858:
1816:
1791:
1777:
1729:
1711:
1685:
1673:Neil, Martha (April 22, 2010).
1666:
1653:
1589:
1567:
1551:
1312:Attorney at law (United States)
893:Presidential signing statements
739:, 1915–1983), now also online.
713:
362:. The ABA denied admittance to
16:American association of lawyers
4236:Legal organizations in Chicago
1533:
1519:
1501:
1479:
1454:
1410:
1387:
1369:
1250:American Bar Association Medal
1220:2019–2020: Judy Perry Martinez
1167:2008–2009: H. Thomas Wells Jr.
1152:(first foreign-born president)
813:
743:Sections, divisions and forums
1:
4251:School accreditors in Chicago
2754:Congress & the Presidency
1933:Paul, Deanna (May 20, 2022).
1363:
1302:American Constitution Society
1226:2021–2022: Reginald M. Turner
1056:
809:National Property Law Digests
760:Probate and Property Magazine
4014:U.S. Department of Education
3862:"Wm. T. (Bill) Robinson III"
3281:Political Research Quarterly
2736:U.S. News & World Report
2563:The American Bar Association
2076:Penn, Mark (March 2, 2009).
1417:Coe, Aebra (July 24, 2018).
1342:Law School Admission Council
1229:2022–2023: Deborah Enix-Ross
1223:2020–2021: Patricia Lee Refo
1192:2013–2014: James R. Silkenat
1011:Political Research Quarterly
526:United States Virgin Islands
264:Law School Admission Council
7:
2965:. July 1996. Archived from
1255:
925:Rating of judicial nominees
591:A non-profit organization,
222:Doctor of Juridical Science
10:
4282:
4125:Higher Learning Commission
3472:53, no. 1 (2003): 103–56.
3470:Journal of Legal Education
2821:. American Bar Association
2592:Pennsylvania Bar Institute
1127:
881:
806:
722:
623:Continuing legal education
332:Saratoga Springs, New York
317:
248:Continuing legal education
25:
18:
4231:American bar associations
4020:
3781:The Law for Lawyers Today
2766:10.1080/07343460903173414
2738:141.5 (7 Aug. 2006): 30.
1763:search.credoreference.com
1465:. Routledge. p. 54.
1238:2024–2025: William R. Bay
789:Washington College of Law
784:Administrative Law Review
401:House is not in session.
396:Leadership and governance
115:
104:Executive director &
102:
92:
77:
67:
49:
40:
4226:American Bar Association
4055:American Bar Association
3955:American Bar Association
3293:10.1177/1065912911421011
2740:Academic Search Premier.
1888:American Bar Association
1643:"Dues & Eligibility"
1622:American Bar Association
1615:"REVISED 109 RESOLUTION"
1084:National Bar Association
794:The International Lawyer
708:Practising Law Institute
518:Northern Mariana Islands
279:Practising Law Institute
274:American Bar Association
131:American Bar Association
36:American Bar Association
19:Not to be confused with
2928:The Wall Street Journal
2619:The National Law Review
2101:The Wall Street Journal
2082:The Wall Street Journal
2007:www.grassley.senate.gov
1940:The Wall Street Journal
1908:The Wall Street Journal
1828:www.princetonreview.com
1337:Law practice management
1214:2017–2018: Hilarie Bass
855:Policies on LGBT people
593:Law School Transparency
530:State Bar of California
414:chief operating officer
55:; 146 years ago
21:American Bar Foundation
3755:Legal Ethics in Motion
2193:"New ABA Standard 509"
1347:National Lawyers Guild
1217:2018–2019: Bob Carlson
1041:judicial temperament.
772:Comparative Law Bureau
735:(since 1984, formerly
702:
516:and four territories (
360:National Lawyers Guild
341:
327:
82:321 North Clark Street
3069:news.bloomberglaw.com
2989:"John Lott's website"
1631:on December 21, 2017.
1124:Recent ABA presidents
1003:Ketanji Brown Jackson
957:'s judicial nominees
807:Further information:
750:Law Practice Magazine
696:
353:Mary Florence Lathrop
336:
325:
3957:at Wikimedia Commons
3929:"ABA Annual Meeting"
3842:on September 3, 2009
3399:The Washington Times
3374:The Washington Times
3094:The Washington Times
3063:Gregory, Patrick L.
3038:The Washington Times
2993:Johnrlott.tripod.com
2839:Epstein, Lee et al.
2702:on October 11, 2012.
2057:on February 25, 2012
1884:"ABA Membership FAQ"
1870:ABA for Law Students
1849:Supreme Court Rule 7
1270:United States portal
1066:Racism and diversity
963:Frank H. Easterbrook
889:sentencing system."
884:Mandatory sentencing
802:Dedman School of Law
655:improve this section
514:District of Columbia
243:Admission to the bar
53:August 21, 1878
3872:on January 21, 2013
3520:www.nationalbar.org
3495:www.americanbar.org
3328:poseidon01.ssrn.com
3266:poseidon01.ssrn.com
2531:poseidon01.ssrn.com
1787:. October 12, 2021.
1757:Han, L. C. (2017).
1741:www.americanbar.org
1723:www.americanbar.org
1082:lawyers formed the
983:Ruth Bader Ginsburg
375:Roberta Cooper Ramo
349:Mary Belle Grossman
230:Exams and licensure
37:
4246:School accreditors
4012:recognized by the
3729:biglawbusiness.com
3703:biglawbusiness.com
3546:The New York Times
3232:The New York Times
3172:Journal, A. B. A.
2995:. January 25, 2006
2963:Federalist Society
2742:Web. 29 Dec. 2011.
2672:on August 21, 2014
2621:. Jaffe Associates
2512:. August 21, 2014.
2404:Voice of San Diego
2379:The Faculty Lounge
2355:. January 24, 2019
2322:Journal, A. B. A.
2231:Journal, A. B. A.
2140:Journal, A. B. A.
1603:. August 16, 2016.
1585:on August 1, 2014.
1562:The New York Times
1513:The New York Times
1448:biglawbusiness.com
1399:2007-10-27 at the
1327:Federalist Society
1197:William C. Hubbard
1144:Robert J. Grey Jr.
1108:Federalist Society
975:John G. Roberts Jr
947:Federalist Society
907:signing statements
861:sexual orientation
703:
568:or an alternative
550:accrediting agency
369:The ABA appointed
328:
35:
4213:
4212:
3953:Media related to
3832:"Stephen N. Zack"
3802:"Carolyn B. Lamm"
2796:. August 10, 2010
2720:. June 24, 2004.
2696:Third Branch News
1972:. March 31, 2011.
1560:David Margolick,
1529:. April 11, 1943.
1188:Laurel G. Bellows
1163:William H. Neukom
1104:same-sex marriage
1050:Senator Ben Sasse
1038:George H. W. Bush
1027:perform better."
999:Amy Coney Barrett
913:Same sex marriage
691:
690:
683:
512:, along with the
497:
496:
489:
364:Francis E. Rivers
351:of Cleveland and
315:
314:
127:
126:
4273:
4003:
3996:
3989:
3980:
3979:
3974:Internet Archive
3966:
3965:
3963:Official website
3952:
3937:
3936:
3925:
3919:
3918:
3906:
3900:
3899:
3888:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3877:
3858:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3847:
3838:. Archived from
3828:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3817:
3812:on July 21, 2010
3808:. Archived from
3798:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3772:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3746:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3720:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3709:
3694:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3668:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3640:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3629:
3619:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3593:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3582:
3571:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3537:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3512:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3487:
3481:
3466:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3455:
3441:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3391:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3366:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3352:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3330:. Rochester, NY.
3319:
3313:
3312:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3223:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3144:
3138:
3137:
3121:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3060:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3030:
3024:
3023:
3011:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2969:on July 10, 2001
2951:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2853:
2844:
2837:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2820:
2816:"Resolution 111"
2812:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2784:
2778:
2777:
2749:
2743:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2668:. Archived from
2662:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2589:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2560:
2552:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2528:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2510:Associations Now
2502:
2489:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2434:
2428:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2353:www.usatoday.com
2345:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2319:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2291:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2175:The Bar Examiner
2172:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2053:. Archived from
2047:"Layoff Tracker"
2043:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2009:. July 11, 2011.
1999:
1993:
1992:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1862:
1856:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1754:
1745:
1744:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1699:on July 23, 2013
1689:
1683:
1682:
1670:
1664:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1624:. Archived from
1619:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1601:Seattletimes.com
1593:
1587:
1586:
1581:. Archived from
1571:
1565:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1515:. April 9, 1943.
1505:
1499:
1498:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1439:
1430:
1429:
1423:
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1391:
1385:
1384:
1373:
1286:
1281:
1280:
1272:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1252:, is announced.
1150:Michael S. Greco
1137:Dennis W. Archer
1090:Policy positions
1080:African-American
1076:William H. Lewis
1046:Senator Ted Cruz
899:Michael S. Greco
699:Rappaport Center
686:
679:
675:
672:
666:
635:
627:
492:
485:
481:
478:
472:
437:
429:
307:
300:
293:
184:
170:
169:
166:Washington, D.C.
123:
88:, Illinois, U.S.
63:
61:
56:
45:
38:
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4274:
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4271:
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3940:
3933:Americanbar.org
3927:
3926:
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3890:
3889:
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3875:
3873:
3860:
3859:
3855:
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2470:. June 23, 2006
2462:
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2444:. June 27, 1995
2436:
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2426:text of decree.
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2406:. June 11, 2019
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2594:. January 2018
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2565:. January 2017
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2121:. June 3, 2008
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410:Jack L. Rives
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