71:
248:
54:
176:, now doing laundry for the telegraph operators and other single male staff at the station. Kunoth developed an ongoing relationship with Harry Kunoth, who was then working as a linesman (sometimes recorded as a blacksmith) and this relationship, which had resulted in two children by 1911 (one deceased), drew the attention of the newly arrived
164:) that she did not live with them but worked as a "day girl" and lived at a camp on the opposite side of the river. Briscoe describes that she would go to work each day, shower and dress in clean clothes as an unpaid domestic servant and then, at the setting of the sun, leave her clean clothes and return to her camp in rags.
215:". This change would have meant that Kunoth was not restricted to the various implications of this legislation that enforced "prohibited areas", restrictions on alcohol, legal rights as far as arrest and employment and the ability for the government to remove children from care. This legislation also made the
156:
Kunoth recalled in her oral history that she never attended school and that, although, there was no formal school set up in Alice
Springs at that time Atalanta Bradshaw, the wife of Thomas Bradshaw and Blackwells mother, did want her to attend classes with the children but she declined; preferring to
141:
Our pretty little half-caste nursegirl, Amelia, wept for days when she learnt that we were leaving. She begged and implored mother to take her too. Like all aborigines, she had come to love the children she cared for as though they were her own, I thought my heart would break. Mother was so disturbed
200:
A number of years later, and before they moved to Bond
Springs Station in 1916, the pair married, and they spent their lives together managing a number of Central Australian cattle stations, where Kunoth acted as the cook for all the station hands and ran the home. On 11 October 1939 it was declared
120:
Her father was butcher Edgar Pavey, one of the first
European residents in Alice Springs, which was then known as Stuart, and a local Arrernte woman whose name is not recorded. There is no official record of her birth and, at her death, there were conflicting reports that put her age at 93 or more
97:
when the first white man came through the area. People say that he approached them in a spirit of friendship and offered them water and some also say that he showed them the way to the
Atherreyrre, a waterhole which would be renamed the Alice Springs Waterhole, and was directly next to what would
192:
mission. In a seeming change of heart, and after Harry Kunoth appealed to him, Stott granted him a licence to employ her, causing tension between McKay, Stott and Harry Kunoth. Following this Harry Kunoth decided to leave the telegraph station and briefly worked as a mounted constable with the
184:. Stott, concerned about the mixed-race nature of the relationship, made the linesman promise that he would end the relationship but, after another child was born, it was clear this had not happened and John McKay, the then station master, decided that he would send Kunoth away to
255:
Kuthoth is said to have taught her children to have pride in their
Aboriginal heritage but always insisted that they have a European education as well. She is the grandmother of Rosalie Kunoth-Monks, who gained national fame for her role in the film
142:
by her grief that she talked it over with my father, but both agreed it would be foolish and no kindness to the girl to take her so far from her tribe, with little hope of getting back if she once grew homesick, as she inevitably would.
124:
It does not appear that Kunoth was raised by her father and, after her mother died when she was very young, she lived at the Alice
Springs Telegraph Station and was "brought up" by the Bradshaw Family, the family of the station master
129:. From a young age she then worked for them as a companion and nurse for their seven children; it is said that she was so loved that she was almost a part of the family. This period of her life in recorded in some detail in
223:
of every
Aboriginal child, which likely had consequences for Kunoth's children. Despite this it is recorded that at least three of Kunoth's grandchildren, Sandra, Sam and Ngala (who would go on to be known as
78:
Kunoth was the granddaughter of
Unchalka/Erruphana (also called King Charlie) who controlled the land around Alice Springs before the white man came and decided who could enter his country through
239:
Kunoth and her husband had eight surviving children together and, by the time of her death at the end of 1984, more than 50 great-grandchildren and a number of great-great-grandchildren.
281:
In Alice
Springs so many children called her "nana" that her real grand-daughter Mrs Rosalie Kunoth-Monks, when young, would shout jealously: "She's my nana, not yours."
668:
678:
503:
137:, who remembers her as a significant figure in her early life. When the Bradshaw family left Alice Springs, in 1908, according to Blackwell:
437:
683:
291:
Her oral history, recorded when she was 97 (as noted earlier this age is not definitive and open to debate), is available through
286:
Jenny Brands, A grand old lady of the bush dies: Amelia Kunoth, daughter of Alice's owner., Centralian
Advocate; 09 January 1985
529:
479:
366:
688:
233:
658:
180:. Stott took over from John Dow as the senior police officer in Central Australia and, in this position, was the Sub-
102:). When Unchalka recounted this story to Kunoth she saw this as an example that colour should never cause barriers.
70:
673:
185:
99:
418:
Brands, Jenny (9 January 1985). "A grand old lady of the bush dies: Amelia Kunoth, daughter of Alice's owner".
346:
157:
do work around the home. Kunoth and Doris Blackwell would send letters to each other for much of their lives.
216:
126:
275:
Mrs Kunoth was a true lady of the bush and was a resident of Alice Springs since the town was surveyed.
212:
39:
315:
292:
106:
181:
194:
43:
663:
203:
31:
160:
Despite this description as being part of the Bradshaw family, it is elsewhere recorded (by
653:
524:. Lockwood, Douglas, 1918-1980. (New ed.). Chatswood, N.S.W.: New Holland Publishers.
225:
110:
8:
267:
47:
497:
262:
and went on to become very active both for her community and in politics more broadly.
229:
61:
Pavey, holding Edna Bradshaw at the Alice Springs Telegraph Station. Photo dated 1906.
597:
535:
525:
485:
475:
382:
362:
173:
352:
247:
134:
90:
74:
Bradshaw family's housegirls, left to right, Amboora, Amelia and Rungie in 1906.
220:
161:
114:
35:
647:
571:
558:
539:
489:
94:
79:
53:
177:
83:
357:
208:
622:
109:. Unchalka was also the principal informant on ceremonial matters to
189:
105:
Despite this account there was no mention of this made by surveyor
93:
descendants today, that Unchalka and other Aboriginal men were at
557:
LANT NTRS 226 TS 257 Amelia KUNOTH (Oral History Interview), via
113:, a former Alice Springs Telegraph Station station master turned
522:
Alice on the line: The Overland Telegraph, one family's story
258:
598:"Aboriginals Ordinance 1918 - Summary | Find & Connect"
278:
On Utopia Station they talk of her as if she was a saint.
472:
Alice Springs: from singing wire to iconic outback town
167:
438:"Cultural values associated with Alice Springs water"
172:After the Bradshaws left, Kunoth stayed on at the
576:Northern Standard (Darwin, NT : 1921 - 1955)
519:
645:
469:
559:https://lant.nt.gov.au/oral-history-search
502:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
669:20th-century Indigenous Australian people
356:
265:Upon Kunoth's death the local newspaper,
207:that Kunoth "shall not be deemed to be a
246:
69:
52:
344:
251:Amelia Kunoth in her later years, c1977
646:
435:
417:
679:20th-century Australian women farmers
553:
551:
549:
515:
513:
465:
463:
461:
459:
457:
431:
429:
413:
411:
409:
407:
405:
403:
340:
338:
336:
310:
308:
271:, published an article saying that:
168:Working life, marriage and children
13:
133:, written by one of the children,
14:
700:
546:
510:
454:
426:
400:
333:
305:
234:St. Mary's Hostel (Alice Springs)
86:records his name as Errumphana .
213:Aboriginal Ordinance 1918 - 1939
188:, which was then operating as a
38:in Central Australia, including
684:20th-century Australian farmers
615:
590:
100:Alice Springs Telegraph Station
34:woman who developed well-known
564:
375:
1:
561:. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
474:. Mile End, South Australia.
316:"Women's Museum of Australia"
298:
217:Chief Protector of Aborigines
195:South Australian Police Force
65:
27:
578:. 13 October 1939. p. 9
7:
689:Indigenous Australian women
623:"Aboriginal Ordinance 1918"
16:Indigenous Australian nurse
10:
705:
520:Blackwell, Doris. (2008).
436:Kimber, RG (Dick) (2011).
89:There is a story, told by
659:People from Alice Springs
602:www.findandconnect.gov.au
320:kiosk.pioneerwomen.com.au
293:Library & Archives NT
242:
470:Traynor, Stuart (2016).
345:Briscoe, Gordon (2010).
232:-associated institution
211:for the purposes of the
674:Australian pastoralists
268:The Centralian Advocate
182:Protector of Aborigines
289:
252:
154:
75:
62:
273:
250:
228:), spent time at the
204:The Northern Standard
139:
73:
56:
32:Aboriginal Australian
30:1880s – 1984) was an
226:Rosalie Kunoth-Monks
111:Francis James Gillen
420:Centralian Advocate
358:10.22459/RF.02.2010
295:: NTRS 226 TS 257.
253:
230:Stolen Generations
76:
63:
531:978-1-74110-803-3
481:978-1-74305-449-9
387:www.wilmap.com.au
368:978-1-921666-21-6
174:telegraph station
149:Alice on the Line
147:Doris Blackwell,
131:Alice on the Line
696:
638:
637:
635:
633:
619:
613:
612:
610:
608:
594:
588:
587:
585:
583:
568:
562:
555:
544:
543:
517:
508:
507:
501:
493:
467:
452:
451:
449:
447:
442:
433:
424:
423:
415:
398:
397:
395:
393:
379:
373:
372:
360:
342:
331:
330:
328:
326:
312:
287:
152:
42:, Bond Springs,
29:
704:
703:
699:
698:
697:
695:
694:
693:
644:
643:
642:
641:
631:
629:
621:
620:
616:
606:
604:
596:
595:
591:
581:
579:
570:
569:
565:
556:
547:
532:
518:
511:
495:
494:
482:
468:
455:
445:
443:
440:
434:
427:
416:
401:
391:
389:
383:"Amelia Kunoth"
381:
380:
376:
369:
343:
334:
324:
322:
314:
313:
306:
301:
288:
285:
245:
170:
153:
146:
135:Doris Blackwell
127:Thomas Bradshaw
68:
57:Amelia Kunoth,
36:cattle stations
17:
12:
11:
5:
702:
692:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
640:
639:
614:
589:
563:
545:
530:
509:
480:
453:
425:
399:
374:
367:
332:
303:
302:
300:
297:
283:
244:
241:
221:legal guardian
197:, with Stott.
169:
166:
162:Gordon Briscoe
144:
115:anthropologist
67:
64:
44:Hamilton Downs
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
701:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
651:
649:
628:
624:
618:
603:
599:
593:
577:
573:
572:"Advertising"
567:
560:
554:
552:
550:
541:
537:
533:
527:
523:
516:
514:
505:
499:
491:
487:
483:
477:
473:
466:
464:
462:
460:
458:
439:
432:
430:
421:
414:
412:
410:
408:
406:
404:
388:
384:
378:
370:
364:
359:
354:
351:. ANU Press.
350:
349:
341:
339:
337:
321:
317:
311:
309:
304:
296:
294:
282:
279:
276:
272:
270:
269:
263:
261:
260:
249:
240:
237:
235:
231:
227:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
205:
198:
196:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
165:
163:
158:
150:
143:
138:
136:
132:
128:
122:
118:
116:
112:
108:
107:William Mills
103:
101:
96:
95:Honeymoon Gap
92:
87:
85:
81:
80:Heavitree Gap
72:
60:
55:
51:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
25:
21:
20:Amelia Kunoth
664:1880s births
630:. Retrieved
626:
617:
605:. Retrieved
601:
592:
580:. Retrieved
575:
566:
521:
471:
444:. Retrieved
419:
390:. Retrieved
386:
377:
348:Racial Folly
347:
323:. Retrieved
319:
290:
280:
277:
274:
266:
264:
257:
254:
238:
202:
199:
186:Hermannsburg
178:Robert Stott
171:
159:
155:
148:
140:
130:
123:
119:
104:
88:
77:
58:
23:
19:
18:
654:1984 deaths
98:become the
84:Dick Kimber
48:Tempe Downs
648:Categories
632:19 January
607:19 January
582:19 January
446:7 November
299:References
209:half-caste
121:than 103.
66:Early life
540:278188157
498:cite book
490:958933012
284:—
190:Lutheran
145:—
91:Arrernte
538:
528:
488:
478:
365:
243:Legacy
151:(1918)
40:Utopia
627:Trove
441:(PDF)
392:3 May
325:3 May
259:Jedda
24:Pavey
634:2021
609:2021
584:2021
536:OCLC
526:ISBN
504:link
486:OCLC
476:ISBN
448:2023
394:2020
363:ISBN
327:2020
219:the
46:and
22:née
353:doi
201:in
59:née
650::
625:.
600:.
574:.
548:^
534:.
512:^
500:}}
496:{{
484:.
456:^
428:^
402:^
385:.
361:.
335:^
318:.
307:^
236:.
117:.
82:.
50:.
28:c.
636:.
611:.
586:.
542:.
506:)
492:.
450:.
422:.
396:.
371:.
355::
329:.
26:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
