392:. Akritavrana, one of Parashurama's disciples, also arrived at the place. Hotravahana introduced Amba to Akritavrana and both of them explained Amba's ordeal to him. Akritavrana gave Amba two options: either Parashurama should approach Salva to marry her or Bhishma should be defeated by Parashurama. Amba asked Akritavrana to decide who was her culprit. Akritavrana agreed with Amba that Bhishma was the root cause of her plight and should be the target of her revenge. Akritavrana and Hotravahana explained Amba's predicament to Parashurama, whom Amba herself prayed to for help. Parashurama gave his word to Amba that he would slay Bhishma, who was his disciple in the past, and destroy his pride.
243:
489:, Ganga's son. The angry goddess Ganga replied that since Amba's mind was crooked, she would become a crooked and tortuous river, which will remain dry for eight months and flow in the four months of the rainy season. Ganga declared that the bathing places along the river's course would be in difficult terrain, and it will be infested with crocodiles and other fierce creatures. Amba wandered practising severe vows and forgoing food and water for months. She visited many
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294:. Upon arrival, Bhishma announced his intention to abduct the brides, challenging the assembled suitors to stop him. Bhishma then forced the princesses into his chariot and rode away. The kings followed and showered Bhishma with arrows; however, Bhishma returned the attack and defeated them. Salva challenged Bhishma for a duel; Bhishma overpowered and wounded Salva, but spared his life. Unaware of Amba's feelings, Bhishma proceeded to
593:, the third of the Pandava brothers. On seeing Shikhandi, Bhishma lowered his weapons. Shikhandi and Arjuna pierced Bhishma's body, though all Shikhandi's arrows were not effective in wounding Bhishma. At this stage, it was also the desire of Bhishma to die. Before collapsing, he cried out that it was Arjuna's arrow that had killed him, and not of Shikhandi. Bhishma lay on a bed of arrows for days, and died on the holy day of
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352:. Amba informed Salva that she had come for him. Salva retorted that he no longer desired her, as she was to be wed to another man. He declared that she had been rightfully won by Bhishma, who had defeated and insulted him and the other kings. He accused her of leaving with him of her own free will. Amba pleaded with Salva, whom she considered her true love, to accept her. But Salva reiterated his
42:
371:. This further infuriated Amba, as she had now been spurned by three bachelors. She appealed to various kings to defeat Bhishma and bring her justice, but all of them refused, knowing Bhishma's capabilities. Finally, the furious Amba went to the forest to please the devas so that she may have her revenge on Bhishma.
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Drupada had no children, and so he engaged himself in austerities in the forest, seeking the blessings of Shiva for begetting a son. Shiva granted him the boon that a girl would be born to him, but would transform into a boy later. As prophesied, Amba was reborn as
Shikhandi, whose true sex was not
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of ever-fresh lotuses and declared that whoever wore it will destroy
Bhishma. With this garland, Amba made one more attempt to seek help of many kings and princes to support her in her just cause. However, there was no response from anyone of them to help her as they did not want to be on the wrong
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and the devas, Parashurama ended the conflict and the battle was declared a draw. Parashurama narrated the events to Amba and told her to seek
Bhishma's protection. However, Amba refused to listen to Parashurama's advice and left angrily declaring that she would achieve her objective by asceticism.
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and sent a message to
Bhishma of his arrival, Bhishma came to see his guru, offering him the traditional respects. A pleased Parashurama commanded Bhishma to accept Amba. Bhishma refused, restating that he had taken a vow of celibacy. An infuriated Parashurama threatened Bhishma with death. Bhishma
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river valley, surviving only on air. She became emaciated and developed matted locks. After that, she stood in the waters of the Yamuna, without food and practised austerities. After that, she spent time standing on her tip toes, having eaten only one fallen leaf of a tree. Her penance for twelve
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Amba reflected on her plight and considered all the people responsible for it, including herself (as she did not escape
Bhishma's chariot when Bhishma was fighting Salva), Bhishma (who abducted her), Salva (who rejected her) and her father (who arranged her svayamvara). She finally arrived at the
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and revealed that she and Salva were in love with each other and that she had been going to choose him as her husband in the svayamvara. Bhishma conceded that she should make her own decision regarding the matter and sent her to Salva with honours, while Ambika and
Ambalika were married to
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between the
Pandavas and the Kauravas ensued, Shikhandi sided with his brothers-in-law, while Bhishma stood with the Kauravas. Bhishma had vowed "not to shoot at a woman, anyone who used to be a woman or has a woman's name or appears to be a woman", and so he narrated the tale of Amba to
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Other sages discussed amongst themselves Amba's situation and contemplated her alternatives and advised her to return to her father as there are only two true protectors of a woman: a father and a husband. However, Amba declined, deciding to practice austerities. The next day, the sage
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conclusion that
Bhishma was the main culprit and swore to destroy him by austerities or battle. She sought shelter with a group of ascetics that night and narrated her tale to them. There the learned sage Shaikhavatya consoled Amba and promised to guide her in her austerities.
558:(a nature spirit), Sthunakarna, who helped her by offering to exchange their sexes for a period of time. Thus, Shikhandi became biologically male. After Hiranyavarna's death, Shikhandi returned to swap sexes with the yaksha, but learnt that the yaksha had been cursed by
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and accosted him, stating that he was responsible for all her problems. Bhishma tried to convince
Vichitravirya to marry Amba, but he rejected her stating that she was in love with someone else. She then approached Bhishma to marry her. He also refused due to his vow of
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side of
Bhishma. In a final effort she approached Drupada but even he declined; in frustration she cast the garland off on a pillar outside Drupada's palace and went for austerities in the forest again. While Amba kills herself, no one dares to touch the garland.
554:, her true identity was revealed, not only to the chagrin of the girl, her father, but also to Shikhandi herself. The agitated Hiranyavarna declared war on Panchala. Distressed by the turn of events, Shikhandi went into the forest to meet a
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and become a great warrior. Amba would remember her previous birth and hatred of Bhishma. Pleased with the boon, Amba created a funeral pyre of wood on the banks of the Yamuna and jumped in the fire saying "for Bhishma's destruction!".
198:, upon which she is allowed to go to the latter and urge him to accept her as his wife. To her dismay, Salva rejects her, regarding her to have been customarily accepted by Bhishma as his wife. Despite her efforts, as well as those of
388:(of the Srinjaya race), a former king and Amba's maternal grandfather, passed by the place. Upon listening to Amba's woe, the sage advised her not to return to her father and instead approach the sage
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The ascetics of Vatsa dissuaded her from the austerities, but Amba maintained her resolve and told them her desire was to be born a man and slay Bhishma to avenge her misery. The god
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tried stopping the battle by beseeching her son as well as the great sage, but failed. The great battle lasted for 23 days, without any result. On the 24th day when
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In the variant where the garland of ever-fresh lotuses is mentioned, Shikhandi wears the garland once, and Drupada realises that she would slay Bhishma.
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disclosed, and she was brought up as a boy. When Drupada got his daughter in the garb of a son married to the daughter of Hiranyavarna, the King of
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A Classical Dictionary of India Illustrative of the Mythology, Philosophy, Literature, Antiquities, Arts, Manners Customs &c. of the Hindus
497:, where Ganga's curse materialized. Though half of her became the river Amba, the other half remained human, due to her ascetic merit.
202:, Bhishma refuses to marry her. Amba holds Bhishma responsible for her misfortune, undertaking a penance, and is granted a boon by
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appeared to her and blessed her that she would become a man in her next birth and destroy Bhishma. Amba would be born to the king
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and refused to accept her. Rejected, the heart-broken Amba left the Salva Kingdom and retired to the forest.
845:
Puranic Encyclopaedia: a Comprehensive Dictionary with Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature
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589:, and refused to fight Shikhandi. When Bhishma led the Kaurava army, Shikhandi rode as the charioteer of
302:, who made arrangements for their marriage to Vichitravirya. Amba approached Bhishma and the council of
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194:. Before the wedding ceremony, the princess approaches Bhishma, and informs him of her love for King
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tried to calm the sage, but in vain, and he finally agreed to battle his guru to safeguard his
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Meanwhile, over the course of time, Ambika and Ambalika had grandchildren: the
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learned of the ceremony of the three virtuous princesses, and went to the
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163:. She is the eldest and most beautiful daughter of Kashya, the King of
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Splitting the Difference: Gender and Myth in Ancient Greece and India
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Another variant narrates that Amba performed austerities and pleased
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attacked the Pandava camp on the night of the final day of the war.
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years started burning the heavens and the earth. She then went to
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chose to use a deadly weapon, at the behest of the divine sage
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meaning mother, also with Vedic linkage as the mother of the
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Devī-māhātmya: The Crystallization of the Goddess Tradition
276:, were secretly in love and Amba had promised to place the
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In another version, Amba stung by this rejection went to
329:, the rest of Amba's tale is narrated by Bhishma when
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on his neck, thereby choosing him as her bridegroom.
214:, and the sibling of the epic's female protagonist,
530:, the god of war and Shiva's son. He granted her a
1179:The Mahabharatha Book 10: Sauptika Parva section 8
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847:. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. pp. 27–29.
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348:Bhishma ensured that Amba was escorted safely to
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178:Amba, along with her sisters, were abducted by
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680:Simon Brodbeck; Professor Brian Black (2007).
442:(Ganga) and the Yamuna. Then, she visited the
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1151:David W. Machacek; Melissa M. Wilcox (2003).
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395:When Parashurama arrived with his retinue at
272:at the Kingdom of Kashi. Amba and Salva, the
1130:. University of Chicago Press. p. 284.
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709:
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1194:Rajaji Mahabharata Summary/Amba and Bhishma
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1055:. Concept Publishing Company. p. 371.
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290:to win the princesses for his step-brother
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600:Shikhandi is killed in a sword fight with
562:to remain female until Shikhandi's death.
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1103:Gopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam (ed.).
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795:
630:"Amba, Ambā, Aṃbā, Āmba: 27 definitions"
333:questions him as to why he did not kill
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1052:Encyclopaedia of the Hindu World: Ak-Aq
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683:Gender and Narrative in the Mahabharata
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1082:. Harrington Park Press. p. 60.
1036:The Mahabharata, Book 5: Udyoga Parva
1014:The Mahabharata, Book 5: Udyoga Parva
987:The Mahabharata, Book 5: Udyoga Parva
965:The Mahabharata, Book 5: Udyoga Parva
943:The Mahabharata, Book 5: Udyoga Parva
921:The Mahabharata, Book 5: Udyoga Parva
899:The Mahabharata, Book 5: Udyoga Parva
877:The Mahabharata, Book 5: Udyoga Parva
789:The Mahabharata, Book 5: Udyoga Parva
654:www.wisdomlib.org (28 January 2019).
493:in this time and finally returned to
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716:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 201.
310:
1154:Sexuality and the world's religions
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159:) is a character in the Hindu epic
13:
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746:The Mahabharata, Book 1: Adi Parva
628:www.wisdomlib.org (15 June 2012).
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226:Amba is a commonly used word in
1487:48 kos parikrama of Kurukshetra
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268:narrates the events of Amba's
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2587:Characters in the Mahabharata
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522:Garland of ever-fresh lotuses
501:Shiva's boon and Amba's death
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186:ceremony, as brides to marry
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7:
576:, who became arch-enemies.
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16:Princess in the Mahabharata
10:
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1076:Devdutt Pattanaik (2002).
686:. Routledge. p. 205.
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2540:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
2031:Epic-Puranic chronology
1049:Gaṅgā Rām Garg (1992).
810:. Mahabharataonline.com
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1124:Wendy Doniger (1999).
1106:India through the ages
375:Parshurama's mediation
298:and presented them to
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808:"4. Amba and Bhishma"
763:John Garrett (1989).
710:T. B. Coburn (1988).
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1028:Kisari Mohan Ganguli
1006:Kisari Mohan Ganguli
979:Kisari Mohan Ganguli
957:Kisari Mohan Ganguli
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891:Kisari Mohan Ganguli
869:Kisari Mohan Ganguli
781:Kisari Mohan Ganguli
738:Kisari Mohan Ganguli
539:Rebirth as Shikhandi
319:chapter of the book
210:, the child of King
167:, and the sister of
1038:. Sacred-texts.com.
1016:. Sacred-texts.com.
989:. Sacred-texts.com.
983:"Section CLXXXVIII"
967:. Sacred-texts.com.
945:. Sacred-texts.com.
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901:. Sacred-texts.com.
879:. Sacred-texts.com.
791:. Sacred-texts.com.
446:of many sages like
249:Partial Family Tree
206:. She is reborn as
19:Fictional character
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895:"Section CLXXVIII"
317:Ambopakhyanaparvan
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1010:"Section CLXXXIX"
873:"Section CLXXVII"
854:978-0-8426-0822-0
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327:Mahabharata
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52:Information
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616:References
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261:Adi Parva
222:Etymology
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150:romanized
104:Senabindu
35:character
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814:30 April
578:Draupadi
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572:and the
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552:Dasharna
515:Panchala
464:Mandavya
456:Chyavana
369:celibacy
343:Kauravas
339:Pandavas
304:Brahmins
228:Sanskrit
216:Draupadi
173:Ambalika
141:Sanskrit
93:Ambalika
2511:Puranas
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2468:Texts (
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2345:Rukmini
2320:Matangi
2268:Parvati
2263:Lakshmi
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2179:Krishna
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2139:Ashvins
2016:Avatars
2009:Related
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1965:Vikarna
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511:Drupada
491:tirthas
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472:Prayaga
444:ashrams
438:of the
410:Bhishma
364:Bhishma
325:of the
315:In the
284:Bhishma
279:varmala
264:of the
212:Drupada
180:Bhishma
152::
99:Brother
82:Sisters
69:Parents
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238:Legend
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57:Gender
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1780:Kripa
1765:Karna
1725:Ganga
1680:Drona
1635:Bhima
1429:Kunti
1333:Karna
1328:Drona
1296:Sabha
1281:parva
1248:Vyasa
507:Shiva
495:Vatsa
468:Garga
452:Uluka
432:Vatsa
406:Ganga
232:Vedas
204:Shiva
196:Salva
165:Kashi
145:अम्बा
128:Kashi
119:Salva
114:other
2547:more
2489:Sama
2470:list
2430:Gana
2376:more
2370:Sita
2355:Sati
2335:Rati
2305:Kali
2225:more
2219:Yama
2209:Vayu
2189:Rama
2169:Kama
2134:Agni
2104:Gods
2094:and
1830:Nala
1585:Amba
1424:Yadu
1348:Stri
1301:Vana
1159:ISBN
1132:ISBN
1084:ISBN
1057:ISBN
849:ISBN
816:2013
718:ISBN
688:ISBN
667:2022
641:2022
481:The
258:The
171:and
156:Ambā
137:Amba
125:Home
46:Amba
25:Amba
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