1370:
101:
322:(Alkydal M 48). These have a better controlled molecular weight distribution and better durability. Alkyds for decorative use have extra oil cooked in to lengthen them and to make them more durable. Short oil resins used in stoving enamels are made from non-drying saturated oils or fatty acids. These usually have much higher hydroxyl and acid values to be able to react with the
386:(resinous oil by-product from pulp and paper manufacturing). Non-drying/plasticizer resins are made from castor, palm, coconut oils and Cardura (the proprietary name of a synthetic ester of versatic acid). Dehydrated castor oil was at one time the only oil permitted in resin manufacture in India; no edible oils were allowed.
227:
structure. To remove the water produced as a by-product and to increase the reaction rate, surplus phthalic anhydride is added. Water is thus removed with the unreacted acid by heating the bulk to a specific temperature. The reaction is not as controllable as would be desired, so a new process was introduced in which
397:
As with many resin systems and coatings, alkyds may be hybridized with other resin technologies. One example is acrylated alkyds. Although urethane alkyds are in effect a hybrid, novel technologies include manufacturing a moisture-curable polyurethane alkyd. Grafting of silicon based materials onto
416:
There has been a general trend worldwide to formulate resins and coatings that are waterborne rather than formulated with solvent as waterbased materials are perceived to be environmentally friendly. Waterborne alkyds have thus been made available too. One method is to acrylic-modify the alkyd to
217:
based alkyds are made this way. More economical alkyd resins are produced from the alcoholysis or glyceride process, in which end-product quality control is not as paramount. In this process, raw vegetable oil, high in unsaturated component, is combined with additional polyol and heated to cause
226:
into a mixture of mono- and diglyceride oils. Soybean oil is often used. Acid anhydride is added to the resulting mixture to build the molecular weight of the resin into roughly the same product as with the fatty acid process. However, the alcoholysis process produces a more randomly oriented
235:
with the water. This gives greater control at a lower temperature and also produces resins at a lower viscosity, useful in making high-solids paints. This is known as the AZO process. In both cases, the resulting product is a polyester resin to which
329:
Because the major components of an alkyd coating, i.e. fatty acids and triglyceride oils, are derived from low cost renewable resources, the cost of alkyd coatings has remained very low despite the ever-increasing cost of
177:
in air. The drying speed and the nature of the coatings depends on the amount and type of drying oil employed (more polyunsaturated oil means faster reaction in air) and presence of catalysts, the so-called
773:
307:
alkyds for decorative use such as non-drip paints. The latest alkyds are short oil resins in which the oil length is shortened by use of a polymeric chain stopper usually a monobasic acid such as
209:
process. Higher-quality, higher-performance alkyds are produced in the fatty acid process, in which the composition of the resulting resin may be more precisely controlled. In this process, an
81:. They are the dominant resin or binder in most commercial oil-based coatings. Approximately 200,000 tons of alkyd resins are produced each year. The original alkyds were compounds of
271:
and a metallic drier, which speeds up the reaction. Unlike other no-bake mould technologies, the process yields no toxic fumes, but the moulds need more air-curing time.
1265:
1183:"Synthesis of PET-based urethane-modified alkyd resins from depolymerization intermediates of post-consumer PET bottles: coating properties and thermal behaviors"
126:
Alkyd resins may be classified as drying (including semi drying) and nondrying. Both types are typically produced from dicarboxylic acids or anhydrides, such as
194:
salts are particularly effective and widely used. However, because of the carcinogenicity of cobalt, its use in alkyds is being researched to phase it out.
1290:"Synthesis of four-component acrylic-modified water-reducible alkyd resin: investigation of dilution ratio effect on film properties and thermal behaviors"
279:
Alkyd resins are usually classed as long oil, medium oil and short oil. These terms represent the oil length in the resin. Alkyds are also modified with
862:"Synthesis and performance of new modified reactive flame-retardant alkyd resin based on tetrabromophthalic anhydride as varnish for surface coatings"
417:
make it water-reducible. Synthesis techniques of acrylic-modified water-reducible alkyds to improve corrosion performance have likewise been studied.
382:(in which dehydration transforms certain of its fatty acids’ single bonds into double bonds, some of them conjugated, creating a semi-drying oil) and
516:
795:
295:
to produce a polyurethane modified alkyd. Urethane alkyds are manufactured by reacting the OH groups residual on the alkyd with NCO groups from an
213:, a polyol and an unsaturated fatty acid are combined and cooked together until the product has achieved a predetermined level of viscosity.
1160:
1110:
1060:
891:
866:
398:
alkyds has also been researched. As part of an effort to use more recycled materials, alkyds have been produced that are made from scrap
1220:
Spasojević, P. M.; Panić, V. V.; Džunuzović, J. V.; Marinković, A. D.; Woortman, A. J. J.; Loos, K.; Popović, I. G. (2015-07-16).
685:
493:
451:
1329:"Synthesis of acrylic-modified water-reducible alkyd resin: improvement of corrosion resistance in painting formulations"
590:
240:
drying oil groups are attached. At the conclusion of each process the resin is purified, diluted in solvent and sold to
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810:
640:
835:
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1400:
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of the amino resins. These mixtures are usually stabilized with amines to prevent gelling on storage.
43:
1221:
721:
550:
591:"Expanded Applications and Enhanced Durability of Alkyd Coatings Using High-Performance Catalysts"
69:. The inclusion of a fatty acid confers a tendency to form flexible coatings. Alkyds are used in
1374:
162:
54:
is a modification of the original name "alcid", reflecting the fact that they are derived from
187:
97:
that were much paler in colour. From these, the alkyds that are known today were developed.
300:
8:
1390:
860:
Abd El-Wahab, H.; Abd El-Fattah, M.; Abd El-Khalik, N.; Kazlauciunas, Algy (2015-01-01).
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55:
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Naik, R. B.; Malvankar, N. G.; Mahato, T. K.; Ratna, D.; Hastak, R. S. (2014-07-01).
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sold under the name
Glyptal. These were sold as substitutes for the darker-colored
994:"Morphologies and droplet sizes of alkyd–acrylic hybrids with high solids content"
859:
769:
745:
1083:"Novel moisture-cured hyperbranched urethane alkyd resin for coating application"
912:
Chardon, Fabien; Denis, Maxinne; Negrell, Claire; Caillol, Sylvain (2021-02-01).
323:
214:
151:
147:
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1198:
288:
280:
210:
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Aynali, Figen; Sakar, Gürcan; Kocyigit, Elif Suna; Kades, Alper (2023-11-01).
1305:
1148:
1098:
1048:
879:
473:
334:, which is the predominant raw-material source of most other coatings such as
1384:
1352:
1328:
1313:
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Büyükyonga, Özge Naz; Akgün, Nagihan; Acar, Işıl; Güçlü, Gamze (2017-01-01).
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16:
Polyester resin modified by the addition of fatty acids and other components
347:
308:
62:
47:
1222:"High performance alkyd resins synthesized from postconsumer PET bottles"
367:
202:
170:
1238:
635:"Additives for Coatings" J. H. Bielman, Ed. Wiley-VCH, 2000, Weinheim.
379:
363:
304:
296:
292:
268:
198:
121:
31:
438:, Organic Chemistry, vol. 29, Elsevier, 1977, pp. 140–170,
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232:
143:
24:
914:"Hybrid alkyds, the glowing route to reach cutting-edge properties?"
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383:
375:
371:
351:
105:
82:
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Chakraborty, Ruby; Thatte, Mrunal; Soucek, Mark D. (2009-12-01).
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94:
78:
74:
998:
Colloids and
Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects
771:, "Polyurethane-modified alkyd resin", issued 1977-10-05
303:. By adding certain modifying resins, it is possible to produce
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228:
191:
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35:
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155:
90:
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27:
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and used in items such as paints. They are not the same as
911:
161:
For the drying resins, triglycerides are derived from poly
100:
992:
Jowkar-Deriss, Mehrnoush; Karlsson, Ola J. (2004-09-24).
1326:
1287:
1080:
478:
Surface
Coatings: Volume 1 Raw Materials and Their Usage
389:
They may be used to formulate flame-retardant coatings.
350:. Typical sources of drying oils for alkyd coatings are
1130:
291:, acrylic monomers (to make them dry more quickly) and
955:"Alkyd resins: From down and out to alive and kicking"
991:
601:(3): 45–55 – via American Coatings Association.
480:, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 76–109,
1180:
104:Structure of an idealized alkyd resin derived from
1031:Dziczkowski, Jamie; Soucek, Mark D. (2010-09-01).
680:(New York: McGraw-Hill Professional, 1999) p. 36.
1181:Civan Çavuşoğlu, Ferda; Acar, Işıl (2023-03-01).
1030:
1382:
197:Alkyd resins are produced in two processes: the
698:"SERKYD S63W70 | Long Oil Alkyd Resin | Serkim"
264:-based moulds. The alkyd resin is mixed with a
517:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
34:and other components. Alkyds are derived from
1133:"A new approach to graft siloxanes to alkyds"
811:"Novel Path to Hydroxyl-Functional Emulsions"
158:derived from natural sources such as plants.
575:The Chemistry and Processing of Alkyd Resins
1333:Journal of Coatings Technology and Research
1294:Journal of Coatings Technology and Research
1187:Journal of Coatings Technology and Research
1137:Journal of Coatings Technology and Research
1087:Journal of Coatings Technology and Research
1037:Journal of Coatings Technology and Research
867:Journal of Coatings Technology and Research
654:"Cobalt Drier for Paints | Cobalt Cem-All®"
513:
256:Alkyd or oil-urethane binders are used in
1237:
929:
588:
173:). These drying alkyds are cured by the
99:
952:
808:
471:
190:crosslinking of the unsaturated sites.
1383:
1262:"Synthesis of Waterborne alkyd resins"
507:
540:. Published online: 15 January 2003.
405:
13:
788:"Basics of Alkyd Resin Technology"
577:. Monsanto Chemical Company. 1952.
444:10.1016/b978-0-12-618502-7.50010-6
14:
1417:
1362:
1033:"A new class of acrylated alkyds"
1368:
1268:from the original on 2021-05-14.
798:from the original on 2021-05-14.
514:Frank N. Jones. "Alkyd Resins".
274:
251:
1320:
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1163:from the original on 2023-03-14
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1113:from the original on 2023-03-14
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961:. Alkyds for the 21st Century.
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894:from the original on 2023-03-14
853:
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780:
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670:
613:"Reichhold | Coatings Products"
589:Halstead, Joshua (April 2023).
1010:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2004.07.003
971:10.1016/j.porgcoat.2011.01.014
931:10.1016/j.porgcoat.2020.106025
836:"Cardura™ E10P Glycidyl Ester"
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165:(often derived from plant and
115:
1:
815:Paint & Coatings Industry
420:
959:Progress in Organic Coatings
918:Progress in Organic Coatings
722:"Properties of Alkyd Resins"
551:"Properties of Alkyd Resins"
93:resins, thus creating alkyd
38:and organic acids including
30:modified by the addition of
7:
486:10.1007/978-94-011-1220-8_5
10:
1424:
1345:10.1007/s11998-023-00795-2
1199:10.1007/s11998-022-00705-y
953:Hofland, Ad (2012-04-01).
409:
392:
119:
1306:10.1007/s11998-016-9835-z
1278:US Patent 5,137,965 1992
1149:10.1007/s11998-008-9155-z
1099:10.1007/s11998-013-9561-8
1049:10.1007/s11998-009-9237-6
880:10.1007/s11998-014-9615-6
746:"Alkyd resins for paints"
44:carboxylic acid anhydride
526:10.1002/14356007.a01_409
520:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
472:Elliott, W. T. (1993),
231:is added to produce an
163:unsaturated fatty acids
809:Herszenhaut, Marcelo.
182:. These catalysts are
112:
103:
1377:at Wikimedia Commons
260:for the creation of
1232:(76): 62273–62283.
726:polymerdatabase.com
702:www.serkimresin.com
555:polymerdatabase.com
220:transesterification
1401:Painting materials
1264:. September 2017.
1239:10.1039/C5RA11777A
320:-butylbenzoic acid
140:trimethylolpropane
128:phthalic anhydride
113:
110:phthalic anhydride
77:and in moulds for
40:dicarboxylic acids
1373:Media related to
792:Chemical Dynamics
686:978-0-07-134246-9
617:www.reichhold.com
495:978-94-011-1220-8
453:978-0-12-618502-7
412:Waterborne resins
406:Waterborne alkyds
180:oil drying agents
48:triglyceride oils
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215:Pentaerythritol
184:metal complexes
152:synthetic resin
150:. Alkyds are a
148:pentaerythritol
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435:Alkyd Resins
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309:benzoic acid
278:
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845:26 February
840:SpecialChem
820:26 February
368:soybean oil
305:thixotropic
293:isocyanates
203:alcoholysis
171:linseed oil
116:Manufacture
50:. The term
32:fatty acids
1391:Polyesters
1385:Categories
1167:2023-03-14
1117:2023-03-08
1067:2023-03-09
924:: 106025.
898:2023-03-08
755:2021-05-14
731:2021-05-14
707:2021-05-14
663:2021-05-15
622:2021-05-14
560:2021-05-14
501:2021-05-14
459:2021-05-14
421:References
380:castor oil
364:walnut oil
297:isocyanate
269:isocyanate
199:fatty acid
138:, such as
122:Drying oil
63:organic ac
1353:1935-3804
1314:1935-3804
1248:2046-2069
1207:1935-3804
1157:1935-3804
1107:1935-3804
1057:1935-3804
1018:0927-7757
979:0300-9440
940:0300-9440
888:1935-3804
402:bottles.
332:petroleum
266:polymeric
233:azeotrope
144:glycerine
95:varnishes
75:varnishes
25:polyester
1406:Polymers
1396:Coatings
1266:Archived
1161:Archived
1111:Archived
1061:Archived
892:Archived
796:Archived
658:Borchers
384:tall oil
376:corn oil
372:fish oil
352:tung oil
340:acrylics
248:makers.
188:catalyze
106:glycerol
83:glycerol
393:Hybrids
344:epoxies
285:styrene
258:casting
246:varnish
238:pendant
222:of the
169:, e.g.
136:polyols
79:casting
36:polyols
1351:
1312:
1246:
1205:
1155:
1105:
1055:
1016:
977:
938:
886:
775:
750:Polynt
684:
639:
532:
492:
450:
336:vinyls
299:often
229:xylene
192:Cobalt
175:oxygen
134:, and
71:paints
1375:Alkyd
242:paint
186:that
156:resin
146:, or
91:copal
52:alkyd
28:resin
23:is a
21:alkyd
1349:ISSN
1310:ISSN
1244:ISSN
1203:ISSN
1153:ISSN
1103:ISSN
1053:ISSN
1014:ISSN
975:ISSN
936:ISSN
884:ISSN
847:2024
822:2024
682:ISBN
637:ISBN
530:ISBN
490:ISBN
448:ISBN
346:and
318:tert
314:para
262:sand
244:and
108:and
85:and
61:and
59:ohol
46:and
1341:doi
1302:doi
1234:doi
1195:doi
1145:doi
1095:doi
1045:doi
1006:doi
1002:245
967:doi
926:doi
922:151
876:doi
522:doi
482:doi
440:doi
400:PET
311:or
301:TDI
205:or
130:or
57:alc
42:or
19:An
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