169:
233:(a prayer in the name of a reigning sovereign) read in his name. In 1582 Mohammad Khodabanda himself led an expedition, composed of some 80,000 men, to deal with Ali-Qoli Khan and his men. However, this expedition turned out to be unsuccessful as well; after about a year of cursory skirmishes and negotiations, Mohammad Khodabanda was only able to reach a "truce" with the rebellious coalition that resulted in
207:, decided to step up the pressure on Ali-Qoli Khan Shamlu. They sent Soltan Hossein Khan Shamlu, Ali-Qoli Khan's own father, to Herat and gave him an ultimatum of three months to return to Qazvin with the young prince Abbas. Mohammad Khodabanda proclaimed that if Ali-Qoli Khan and his circle of acquaintances continued to ignore the king's orders, they would be declared rebels by the central government.
259:. Ali-Qoli Khan Ustajlu responded by sending an army; when the two armies met, Morshed Qoli Khan managed to abduct prince Abbas from the battlefield, and took him to Mashhad. Ali-Qoli Khan, after his failure to make Morshed-Qoli Khan release Abbas, decided to retire to Herat, much to his chagrin and with a sense of remorse.
105:
1576–1577). However, he was sent to Herat not merely to assume his new position, but also to present orders for the execution of the young prince Abbas, who was only six years old at the time. Abbas had been left alone at Herat after Shah-Qoli
Ustajlu (his first guardian) was killed on the orders of
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besieged Herat. Though he reportedly managed to hold off the invading force for more than a year, demonstrating exceptional courage and effort, Ali-Qoli Khan was eventually forced to surrender the city in
February 1589 to the Uzbeks. He was then deceitfully executed by the Uzbek leader. The fall of
222:
Having grown severely dissatisfied with Ali-Qoli Khan's disobedience, Mohammad
Khodabanda sent a force to Herat in 1581 to deal with Ali-Qoli Khan. However, it ended in failure, for they were unable to reach any kind of success (either by dialogue or military confrontation) with Ali-Qoli Khan's
191:
1578–1587), repeatedly sent orders for Abbas to be brought to the capital in Qazvin, but every single time, Ali-Qoli Khan ignored the king. Ali-Qoli Khan affirmed that sending Abbas away would drastically endanger the "interests" of the state, as it would "encourage" the
267:
Herat was staged on purpose by
Morshed-Qoli Khan Ustajlu, Ali-Qoli Khan's longtime ally (and later rival); finding himself now in a superior position after putting Abbas on the throne, he deliberately delayed the arrival of the relief force meant for Herat.
219:–Ustajlu coalition on one hand, and the coalition of Morteza-Qoli Khan Pornak Torkman on the other. Both factions continued to jockey for influence at the court; Ali-Qoli Khan's parents were executed by members of Morteza-Qoli Khan's faction.
246:. Safavid king Mohammad Khodabanda, in return, confirmed Ali-Qoli Khan as governor of Herat as well as guardian of prince Abbas, and agreed to have Mohammad-Qoli Khan Pornak (Ali-Qoli Khan's archrival), dismissed.
254:
After
Mohammad Khodabanda accepted his dethronement, a major issue between Ali-Qoli Khan and Morshed-Qoli Khan (the leader of the Ustajlus) developed over prince Abbas. In 1585 Morshed-Qoli Khan captured
242:
The coalition headed by Ali-Qoli Khan stated that they would reassert their loyalty to
Mohammad Khodabanda, and agreed to consider Hamzeh Mirza, prince Abbas's brother, as the
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Finding himself now in Herat, Ali-Qoli Khan delayed Abbas' execution, giving as a reason that it would be "inappropriate" to execute an "innocent" descendant of a
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After Khayr ol-Nesa's murder, the
Khosaran province increasingly became an area of friction between Ali-Qoli Khan Shamlu and his
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II had died on 24 November, and the courier who was bringing the news reportedly only arrived in the city on 13
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faction. Thereafter, Ali-Qoli Khan's coalition, in
Khorasan, decided to proclaim the young Abbas as king (
389:
Titles and
Emoluments in Safavid Iran: A Third Manual of Safavid Administration, by Mirza Naqi Nasiri
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Ismail II promised Ali-Qoli Khan a reward for accepting the governorship: he was allowed to marry
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origin. He is mostly remembered for leading a rebellious coalition against then-incumbent kings (
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121:, thus tying him directly to the Safavid royal house. The marriage took place sometime before 7
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December). This postponement was the reason that the young Abbas managed to live on; Ismail
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Ali-Qoli Khan met his fate in
December 1587, when the Uzbeks under
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Ali-Qoli Khan was the son of Soltan Hossein Khan, and grandson of
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In the ensuing period, Ali-Qoli Khan took the role of guardian (
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Shah Abbas: The Ruthless King Who became an Iranian Legend
86:. In October 1577 Ali-Qoli Khan left the royal capital of
460:. London, UK: I.B. Tauris & Co. Ltd. pp. 1–288.
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Coin minted during the reign of Mohammad Khodabanda
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391:. Washington, DC: Mage Publishers. p. 202.
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203:Eventually, Mohammad Khodabanda and his queen,
370:Slaves of the Shah: New Elites of Safavid Iran
436:Savory, R.N. (1985). "ʿALĪ-QOLĪ KHAN ŠĀMLŪ".
419:The Ottoman Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia
406:Ghereghlou, Kioumars (2016). "ZAYNAB BEGUM".
180:) over prince Abbas. The new Safavid king,
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125:December 1577 but apparently was never
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439:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc. 8
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63:1588–1629), for whom he was guardian (
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148:(which in 1577 fell on 12
196:to carry out attacks on
368:Babaie, Sussan (2004).
526:Iranian Turkmen people
236:status quo ante bellum
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417:Kia, Mehrdad (2017).
409:Encyclopaedia Iranica
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454:Blow, David (2009).
250:Later life and death
20:Ali-Qoli Khan Shamlu
442:. pp. 875–876.
314:, pp. 875–876.
211:Increasing friction
205:Khayr ol-Nesa Begum
182:Mohammad Khodabanda
50:Mohammad Khodabanda
30:; died 1589) was a
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488:Aras Soltan Rumlu
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521:1589 deaths
336:Babaie 2004
312:Savory 1985
200:province.
139:Shab-e-Qadr
127:consummated
78:Early years
34:officer of
515:Categories
504:Uzbek rule
499:1577–1589
476:2009464064
271:References
160:December.
145:Eid-e Fetr
115:Tahmasp I
73:Biography
46:Ismail II
353:Kia 2017
198:Khorasan
36:Turkoman
362:Sources
257:Mashhad
230:khotbeh
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32:Safavid
24:Persian
531:Shamlu
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495:Herat
178:laleh
134:seyed
92:Herat
66:laleh
41:shahs
472:LCCN
462:ISBN
423:ISBN
393:ISBN
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110:II.
98:II (
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