2406:
716:
another
Century. For the Colonies, if so united, would have really been, as they then thought themselves, sufficient to their own Defence, and being trusted with it, as by the Plan, an Army from Britain, for that purpose would have been unnecessary: The Pretences for framing the Stamp-Act would not then have existed, nor the other Projects for drawing a Revenue from America to Britain by Acts of Parliament, which were the Cause of the Breach, and attended with such terrible Expence of Blood and Treasure: so that the different Parts of the Empire might still have remained in Peace and Union.
735:
2430:
482:
2370:
2382:
210:
2320:
2346:
2418:
1209:
982:
48:
2394:
2358:
715:
On
Reflection it now seems probable, that if the foregoing Plan or some thing like it, had been adopted and carried into Execution, the subsequent Separation of the Colonies from the Mother Country might not so soon have happened, nor the Mischiefs suffered on both sides have occurred, perhaps during
773:
was slow to start.) The plan called for a single executive (President-General) to be appointed by the King, who would be responsible for relations with the
Indians, military preparedness, and execution of laws regulating various trade and financial activities. It called for a Grand Council to be
758:. The delegates passed the plan unanimously. They submitted it with their recommendations, but the legislatures of the seven colonies rejected it, as it would have removed some of their existing powers. The plan was never sent to the Crown for approval, although it was submitted to the British
745:
Benjamin
Franklin's plan to unite the colonies exceeded the scope of the congress, which had been called to plan a defense against the French and Indian threat. The original plan was heavily debated by all who attended the conference, including the young Philadelphia lawyer
774:
selected by the colonial legislatures, with the number of delegates to be apportioned according to the taxes paid by each colony. The colonial assemblies rejected the plan, although delegates forming the government after the
Revolution incorporated some features in the
705:
The plan was rejected by the colonies' legislatures, which were protective of their independent charters, and by the
Colonial Office, which wanted a military command. Many elements of the plan were later the basis for the American government established by the
710:
of 1777 (which formally went into effect in 1781) and the
Constitution of 1787. Franklin speculated in 1789 that the colonies might not have separated from England so soon if the 1754 plan had been adopted:
1710:
720:
The
Congress and its Albany Plan have achieved iconic status as presaging the formation of the United States of America in 1776. It is often illustrated with Franklin's famous snake cartoon
765:
The Plan of Union proposed to include all the
British North American colonies, although none of the colonies south of Maryland sent representatives to the Albany Congress. (Note that the
1217:
1610:
678:
summoned an intercolonial congress which met in New York on May 1, 1690 to plan concerted action against the French and
Indians, but he attracted only the colonies as far south as
1747:
1899:
654:
The Albany Congress was the first time in the 18th century that American colonial representatives met to discuss some manner of formal union. In the 17th century, some
1661:
702:. Each colonial assembly would send 2 to 7 delegates to a "grand council," which would have legislative powers. The Union would have jurisdiction over Indian affairs.
256:
300:
2455:
1940:
1881:
1789:
698:
to create a unified level of colonial government. The delegates voted approval of a plan that called for a union of 11 colonies, with a president appointed by the
1436:
1262:
1232:
2450:
1247:
626:
Delegates did not have the goal of creating an American nation; rather, they were colonists with the more limited mission of pursuing a treaty with the
1913:
1356:
1955:
910:
790:
Twenty-one representatives attended the Congress from New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire.
560:
997:
662:, principally for purposes of defense, as raiding was frequent by French and allied Indian tribes. In the 1680s, the British government created the
1768:
2495:
1886:
1615:
1199:, prints and drawings from the Emmet Collection of Manuscripts Etc. Relating to American History in the New York Public Library Digital Gallery.
1960:
1945:
510:
399:
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384:
404:
1995:
1935:
2475:
1950:
1718:
1331:
755:
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2002:
1813:
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tribes. This was the first time that American colonists had met together, and it provided a model that came into use in setting up the
394:
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1849:
1700:
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1421:
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1818:
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1237:
791:
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1980:
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1483:
608:
389:
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435:
336:
1859:
1573:
1501:
1202:
2121:
1404:
503:
294:
1834:
1453:
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1156:
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1478:
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862:
1985:
1646:
1563:
1324:
2480:
2189:
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2017:
1990:
1620:
1558:
1448:
1222:
968:
1473:
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1585:
831:
544:
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345:
2137:
1891:
918:
835:
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1361:
275:
2336:
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1905:
1687:
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1317:
779:
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247:
1726:
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2007:
1869:
1854:
1705:
1441:
1414:
1399:
1267:
1019:
844:
775:
707:
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1674:
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1431:
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588:
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2422:
2250:
2245:
2235:
2183:
2129:
1844:
1755:
1595:
888:
663:
261:
1965:
1074:
Benjamin Chew 1722-1810: Head of the Pennsylvania Judiciary System under Colony and Commonwealth
531:, was a meeting of representatives sent by the legislatures of seven of the British colonies in
2270:
2177:
1920:
1805:
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1463:
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572:
568:
363:
359:
189:
1049:
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1970:
1568:
616:
354:
289:
39:
987:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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1975:
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8:
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643:
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368:
2305:
1864:
1590:
1458:
1300:
1137:
Alden, John R. "The Albany Congress and the Creation of the Indian Superintendencies,"
808:
635:
576:
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121:
20:
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284:
139:
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2012:
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1839:
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1103:
The Diary and Selected Papers of Chief Justice William Smith. Vol. 1, 1784-1785
812:
794:
759:
667:
596:
306:
164:
1174:
Indians and Colonists at the Crossroads of Empire: The Albany Congress of 1754
2444:
2398:
2300:
2209:
1526:
993:
988:
914:
900:
880:
848:
798:
747:
699:
675:
671:
627:
1712:
Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of Countries, etc.
2225:
2032:
1553:
1426:
1379:
738:
722:
470:
409:
316:
218:
1090:. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. pp. 157, 161.
1088:
The History of the Province of New-York. Vol. 2, A Continuation, 1732-1762
2082:
1541:
1387:
934:
655:
455:
19:"Albany Conference" redirects here. For the early Millerite meeting, see
2381:
2058:
1605:
1166:
1142:
74:
1161:
McAnear, Beverly. "Personal Accounts of the Albany Congress of 1754,"
607:, from June 19 to July 11, 1754, to discuss better relations with the
56:
1309:
209:
2105:
1506:
679:
631:
47:
1208:
612:
1900:
Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence
1749:
Rules by Which a Great Empire May Be Reduced to a Small One
1149:
A Factious People, Politics and Society in Colonial America
965:
The First American: The Life and Times of Benjamin Franklin
1663:
A Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain
925:‡ Indicates Members of the committee of the Plan of Union
1076:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 63.
690:
The Albany delegates spent most of their time debating
666:
as a unifying government over the colonies between the
1123:
Early Recognized Treaties With American Indian Nations
2334:
1791:
A Plan for Improving the Condition of the Free Blacks
658:colonies had formed a loose association called the
1914:Benjamin Franklin Drawing Electricity from the Sky
1701:"Advice to a Friend on Choosing a Mistress" (1745)
1041:
1039:
611:tribes and common defensive measures against the
2442:
2456:1754 disestablishments in the Thirteen Colonies
1770:Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America
750:. Numerous modifications were also proposed by
615:threat from Canada in the opening stage of the
1165:Vol. 39, No. 4 (Mar., 1953), pp. 727–746
1325:
1086:Smith, William (1972). Michael Kammen (ed.).
527:(June 19 – July 11, 1754), also known as the
504:
2451:1754 establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
2003:Cities, counties, schools named for Franklin
1006:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
769:were then administered by Pennsylvania, and
1720:Experiments and Observations on Electricity
1105:. Toronto: Champlain Society. p. xxvi.
1756:Proposed alliance with the Iroquois (1775)
1522:Gulf Stream exploration, naming, and chart
1332:
1318:
511:
497:
1850:Benjamin Franklin Institute of Technology
1621:President, Pennsylvania Abolition Society
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
940:History of the United States Constitution
16:1754 meeting of British American colonies
1469:Delegate, 1787 Constitutional Convention
1048:. University Press of Kentucky. p.
992:
733:
1362:Second Continental Congress (1775–1776)
2496:Political history of the United States
2443:
1799:The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin
1683:Early American publishers and printers
1109:
390:Presidents of the Continental Congress
1352:President of Pennsylvania (1785–1788)
1339:
1313:
1187:Full text of the Albany Plan of Union
1163:Mississippi Valley Historical Review,
1139:Mississippi Valley Historical Review,
1100:
1085:
1016:
801:served as Secretary to the Congress.
420:Secretary of the Continental Congress
945:Great Britain in the Seven Years War
741:encouraging support for the Congress
642:in 1774, which were preludes to the
436:Journals of the Continental Congress
337:Court of Appeals in Cases of Capture
1860:Benjamin Franklin National Memorial
1574:Academy and College of Philadelphia
591:. Representatives met daily at the
563:. Those not in attendance included
13:
2375:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
2306:Ann Smith Franklin (sister-in-law)
1706:"The Speech of Polly Baker" (1747)
1405:Committee of Secret Correspondence
1203:Podcast discussing Albany Congress
1131:
623:between Great Britain and France.
619:, the North American front of the
295:Committee of Secret Correspondence
21:Adventism § Albany Conference
14:
2507:
2291:Mary Morrell Folger (grandmother)
1941:University of Pennsylvania statue
1180:
1176:(Cornell University Press, 2000).
1017:Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920).
2491:History of the Thirteen Colonies
2428:
2416:
2404:
2392:
2380:
2368:
2356:
2344:
2319:
2318:
2271:Alexander Bache (great-grandson)
2028:Sons of Ben (Philadelphia Union)
1601:Continental Currency dollar coin
1502:Franklin's electrostatic machine
1474:Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly
1357:Ambassador to France (1779–1785)
1238:The New Student's Reference Work
1207:
980:
797:was host governor and Chairman.
767:"Lower Counties on the Delaware"
739:Benjamin Franklin's 1754 cartoon
729:
674:, but it was dissolved in 1689.
480:
208:
46:
2466:1754 in international relations
2266:Andrew Harwood (great-grandson)
2241:Sarah Franklin Bache (daughter)
1696:The Drinker's Dictionary (1737)
1647:The Papers of Benjamin Franklin
1564:Library Company of Philadelphia
785:
2476:France–Great Britain relations
1559:American Philosophical Society
1454:1776 Pennsylvania Constitution
1449:Staten Island Peace Conference
1294:June 19, 1754 – July 11, 1754
1223:New International Encyclopedia
1192:Summary of the Albany Congress
1141:(1940) 27#2 pp. 193–210
1094:
1079:
1066:
1033:
1010:
973:
957:
1:
1657:Silence Dogood letters (1722)
1586:Philadelphia Contributionship
1072:Konkle, Burton Alva. (1932).
1020:"Congress, Continental"
346:Congress of the Confederation
2261:Richard Bache Jr. (grandson)
2251:Benjamin F. Bache (grandson)
1894:The Apotheosis of Washington
1819:Franklin's phonetic alphabet
1777:"The Morals of Chess" (1786)
1670:The Busy-Body columns (1729)
1611:United States Postal Service
1437:Treaty of Amity and Commerce
903:and Benjamin Franklin's son
395:Secretary of Foreign Affairs
7:
2486:History of Albany, New York
2246:William Franklin (grandson)
1966:Jefferson Memorial pediment
1887:Royal Society of Arts medal
1762:A Letter to a Royal Academy
1422:Declaration of Independence
1197:The Albany Congress of 1754
928:
649:
369:Northwest Ordinance of 1787
312:Declaration of Independence
301:Necessity of Taking Up Arms
276:Second Continental Congress
10:
2512:
2301:Richard Bache (son-in-law)
2296:Peter Folger (grandfather)
1991:Washington–Franklin stamps
1956:Stanford University statue
1579:University of Pennsylvania
1268:Collier's New Encyclopedia
1040:Benjamin Franklin (2005).
907:‡ attended as extra staff.
762:, which also rejected it.
685:
640:First Continental Congress
248:First Continental Congress
53:The Albany Congress · 1754
18:
2314:
2256:Louis F. Bache (grandson)
2218:
2165:
2125:(2002 documentary series)
2109:(1997 documentary series)
2049:
2008:Benjamin Franklin College
1855:Benjamin Franklin Parkway
1827:
1639:
1492:
1400:Hutchinson letters affair
1370:
1347:
1296:
1289:
1280:
1218:Albany Convention of 1754
776:Articles of Confederation
756:Governor of Massachusetts
708:Articles of Confederation
660:New England Confederation
529:Albany Convention of 1754
400:Superintendent of Finance
327:Articles of Confederation
159:
154:
146:
132:
127:
117:
102:
87:
82:
68:
63:
45:
37:
30:
2281:James Franklin (brother)
2276:Josiah Franklin (father)
1946:Portland, Oregon, statue
1814:Franklin as a journalist
1783:An Address to the Public
1676:The Pennsylvania Gazette
1432:Franco-American alliance
1383:(1754 political cartoon)
1101:Upton, L. F. S. (1963).
950:
638:in 1765, as well as the
487:United States portal
257:Declaration and Resolves
188:This article is part of
2184:The New-England Courant
1981:One-hundred-dollar bill
1882:Benjamin Franklin Medal
1845:Benjamin Franklin House
1689:Poor Richard's Almanack
1596:Early American currency
1547:111th Infantry Regiment
1415:"...to be self-evident"
1003:Encyclopædia Britannica
969:excerpt and text search
664:Dominion of New England
262:Continental Association
106:July 11, 1754
91:June 19, 1754
2236:Francis Franklin (son)
2231:William Franklin (son)
2178:American Enlightenment
2117:(2002 animated series)
1986:Franklin silver dollar
1961:Washington D.C. statue
1936:Columbus, Ohio, statue
1921:Revolutionary War Door
1807:Bagatelles and Satires
1801:(1771–1790, pub. 1791)
1741:Pennsylvania Chronicle
1626:Master, Les Neuf SĹ“urs
1286:None recognized before
1253:Encyclopedia Americana
1026:Encyclopedia Americana
742:
718:
600:
360:Land Ordinance of 1784
322:Franco-American Treaty
168:
2481:French and Indian War
2068:Ben Franklin in Paris
1971:Refunding Certificate
1569:Pennsylvania Hospital
1464:Treaty of Paris, 1783
1212:Texts on Wikisource:
737:
713:
617:French and Indian War
355:Bank of North America
290:Olive Branch Petition
40:French and Indian War
2471:Province of New York
2173:Age of Enlightenment
2099:A More Perfect Union
1976:Franklin half dollar
1951:San Francisco statue
1727:Birch letters (1755)
1388:Albany Plan of Union
1172:Shannon, Timothy J.
1044:Franklin on Franklin
851:, Theodore Atkinson‡
804:Delegates included:
696:Albany Plan of Union
461:Maryland State House
267:Petition to the King
202:Continental Congress
2286:Jane Mecom (sister)
2226:Deborah Read (wife)
2198:American Revolution
2191:The American Museum
2070:(1964 musical play)
2041:Ben Franklin effect
1169:, primary documents
826:Benjamin Tasker Jr.
754:, who later became
644:American Revolution
2149:(2022 documentary)
2051:In popular culture
1865:Franklin Institute
1591:Union Fire Company
1479:Postmaster General
1459:Libertas Americana
1442:Treaty of Alliance
1301:Stamp Act Congress
1147:Bonomi, Patricia,
824:: Abraham Barnes,
815:‡, Roger Wolcott,
743:
636:Stamp Act Congress
466:French Arms Tavern
239:Stamp Act Congress
122:Stamp Act Congress
2332:
2331:
2157:(2024 miniseries)
2147:Benjamin Franklin
2141:(2015 miniseries)
2133:(2008 miniseries)
2123:Benjamin Franklin
2090:Benjamin Franklin
2023:State of Franklin
1733:The Way to Wealth
1410:Committee of Five
1341:Benjamin Franklin
1308:
1307:
1297:Succeeded by
897:Benjamin Franklin
867:Philip Livingston
836:Thomas Hutchinson
792:New York Governor
752:Thomas Hutchinson
692:Benjamin Franklin
521:
520:
446:Independence Hall
385:List of delegates
215:Independence Hall
200:
183:
182:
118:Succeeded by
2503:
2461:1754 conferences
2433:
2432:
2431:
2423:New York (state)
2421:
2420:
2419:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2385:
2384:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2340:
2322:
2321:
2033:Ships named USS
1484:Founding Fathers
1334:
1327:
1320:
1311:
1310:
1303:
1291:Albany Congress
1278:
1277:
1272:
1257:
1242:
1227:
1211:
1125:
1120:
1107:
1106:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1083:
1077:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1047:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1022:
1014:
1008:
1007:
986:
984:
983:
977:
971:
961:
840:Oliver Partridge
630:and other major
621:Seven Years' War
605:Albany, New York
513:
506:
499:
485:
484:
483:
451:Henry Fite House
441:Carpenters' Hall
415:Marine Committee
405:Secretary at War
212:
198:
185:
184:
113:
111:
98:
96:
50:
28:
27:
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2506:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2500:
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2427:
2417:
2415:
2405:
2403:
2393:
2391:
2379:
2369:
2367:
2357:
2355:
2345:
2343:
2335:
2333:
2328:
2310:
2214:
2161:
2139:Sons of Liberty
2045:
1917:(1816 painting)
1909:(1783 painting)
1906:Treaty of Paris
1823:
1652:Founders Online
1635:
1616:Street lighting
1532:Kite experiment
1494:
1488:
1393:Albany Congress
1372:
1371:Founding of the
1366:
1343:
1338:
1304:
1299:
1293:
1287:
1284:
1263:Albany Congress
1260:
1248:Albany Congress
1245:
1233:Albany Congress
1230:
1215:
1183:
1134:
1132:Further reading
1129:
1128:
1121:
1110:
1099:
1095:
1084:
1080:
1071:
1067:
1060:
1038:
1034:
1015:
1011:
996:, ed. (1911). "
981:
979:
978:
974:
962:
958:
953:
931:
919:Stephen Hopkins
863:William Johnson
817:Elisha Williams
788:
732:
688:
652:
609:Native American
533:British America
525:Albany Congress
517:
481:
479:
332:Perpetual Union
303:
285:United Colonies
234:Albany Congress
221:
201:
172:
142:
140:James De Lancey
135:
109:
107:
94:
92:
78:
77:
59:
33:
32:Albany Congress
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2509:
2499:
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2483:
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2458:
2453:
2438:
2437:
2425:
2413:
2401:
2389:
2377:
2365:
2353:
2351:British Empire
2330:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
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2258:
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2222:
2220:
2216:
2215:
2213:
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2195:
2187:
2180:
2175:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2151:
2143:
2135:
2127:
2119:
2115:Liberty's Kids
2111:
2103:
2095:
2086:
2080:
2072:
2064:
2055:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2018:Mount Franklin
2015:
2013:Franklin Field
2010:
2005:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1931:Chicago statue
1928:
1923:
1918:
1910:
1902:
1897:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1840:Franklin Court
1837:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1803:
1795:
1787:
1779:
1774:
1766:
1758:
1753:
1745:
1737:
1729:
1724:
1716:
1708:
1703:
1698:
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879:: Secretary
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786:Participants
780:Constitution
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723:Join, or Die
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565:Newfoundland
561:Rhode Island
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522:
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410:Board of War
362: /
317:Model Treaty
233:
226:Predecessors
219:Philadelphia
52:
38:Part of the
25:
2101:(1989 film)
1809:(pub. 1845)
1691:(1732–1758)
1678:(1729–1790)
1542:Associators
1493:Inventions,
935:Albany Plan
809:Connecticut
656:New England
569:Nova Scotia
537:Connecticut
456:Nassau Hall
2445:Categories
2131:John Adams
2060:Ben and Me
1606:Fugio cent
1554:Junto club
601:Stadt Huys
573:New Jersey
169:Stadt Huys
128:Leadership
110:1754-07-11
95:1754-06-19
75:Unicameral
2083:1972 film
1631:Gravesite
885:John Penn
593:City Hall
161:City Hall
103:Disbanded
57:Allyn Cox
2387:Politics
2324:Category
2203:patriots
2193:magazine
2155:Franklin
2107:Liberty!
2035:Franklin
1640:Writings
1507:Bifocals
1167:in JSTOR
1143:in JSTOR
929:See also
855:New York
822:Maryland
778:and the
680:Maryland
650:Overview
632:Iroquois
577:Virginia
553:New York
541:Maryland
190:a series
178:New York
134:Governor
2363:History
2337:Portals
2166:Related
1271:. 1921.
1256:. 1920.
1241:. 1914.
1226:. 1905.
1151:(1971)
991::
967:(2002)
905:William
686:History
628:Mohawks
581:Georgia
428:Related
377:Members
364:of 1785
108: (
93: (
88:Founded
83:History
2399:France
2219:Family
2094:(1972)
1870:awards
1828:Legacy
1793:(1789)
1785:(1789)
1772:(1784)
1764:(1781)
1751:(1773)
1743:(1767)
1735:(1758)
1722:(1751)
1714:(1751)
1665:(1725)
1155:
1056:
985:
895:, and
613:French
587:, and
559:, and
192:on the
174:Albany
1875:medal
1282:First
951:Notes
603:) in
597:Dutch
165:Dutch
147:Seats
2076:1776
1153:ISBN
1054:ISBN
670:and
523:The
69:Type
64:Type
1265:".
1250:".
1235:".
1220:".
1050:180
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865:‡,
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217:in
55:by
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921:‡
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512:e
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163:(
112:)
97:)
23:.
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