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Alastor, or The Spirit of Solitude

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rejects an "Arab maiden" in his search for an idealised embodiment of a woman. As the Poet wanders one night, he dreams of a "veiled maid". This veiled vision brings with her an intimation of the supernatural world that lies beyond nature. This dream vision serves as a mediator between the natural and supernatural domains by being both spirit and an element of human love. As the Poet attempts to unite with the spirit, night's blackness swallows the vision and severs his dreamy link to the
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Ruminating on thoughts of death as the possible next step beyond dream to the supernatural world he tasted, the Poet notices a small boat ("little shallop") floating down a nearby river. Passively, he sits in the boat furiously being driven down the river by a smooth wave. Deeper and deeper into the
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the speaker ostensibly recounts the life of a Poet who zealously pursues the most obscure part of nature in search of "strange truths in undiscovered lands", journeying to the Caucasus Mountains ("the ethereal cliffs of Caucasus"), Persia, "Arabie", Cashmire, and "the wild Carmanian waste". The Poet
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When the Poet reaches the "obscurest chasm," his last sight is of the moon. As that image fades from the Poet's mind, he has finally attained transcendence to the supernatural world. The journey to the very source of nature led, finally, to an immanence within nature's very structure and to a world
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Mary Shelley, in her note on the work, wrote: "None of Shelley's poems is more characteristic than this." In the spring of 1815, Shelley had been erroneously diagnosed as suffering from consumption. Shelley suffered from spasms and there were abscesses in his lungs. He made a full recovery but the
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As his senses are literally dulled, his imagination helps him sense the spirit's supernatural presence. Instead of perceiving the vision through the senses, the Poet imaginatively observes her in the dying images of the passing objects of nature. The boat flows onward to an "immeasurable void" and
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We fear that not even this commentary , will enable ordinary readers to decipher the import of the greater part of Mr. Shelley's allegory. All is wild and specious, intangible and incoherent as a dream. We should be utterly at a loss to convey any distinct idea of the plan or purpose of the
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shock of imminent death is reflected in the work. Mary Shelley noted that the work "was the outpouring of his own emotions, embodied in the purest form he could conceive, painted in the ideal hues which his brilliant imagination inspired, and softened by the recent anticipation of death."
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for April 1816, the critic wrote: "We must candidly own that these poems are beyond our comprehension; and we did not obtain a clue to their sublime obscurity, till an address to Mr. Wordsworth explained in what school the author had formed his taste." In the
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Once touched by the maddening hand of the supernatural, the Poet restlessly searches for a reconciliation with his lost vision. Though his imagination craves a reunion with the infinite, it too is ultimately anchored to the perceptions of the natural world.
165:(1814) the lines, "The good die first,/ And they whose hearts are dry as summer dust / Burn to the socket!" The line "It is a woe 'too deep for tears'" is a quote from Wordsworth's "Ode: Intimations of Immortality". 38:, written from 10 September to 14 December in 1815 in Bishopsgate, near Windsor Great Park and first published in 1816. The poem was without a title when Shelley passed it along to his contemporary and friend 224:
wrote the first major positive review in the November 1819 issue. Lockhart wrote that Shelley is "a man of genius... Mr. Shelley is a poet, almost in the very highest sense of that mysterious word."
102:, printed for Baldwin, Cradock and Joy, Pater-Noster Row; and Carpenter and Son, Old Bond-Street: by S. Hamilton, Weybridge, Surrey, consisting of the title poem and the following additional poems: 303:, since the poem is framed with direct quotations from Wordsworth's poetry, and Shelley had a deeply ambivalent reaction to Wordsworth's poetry, as witnessed in his sonnet "To Wordsworth". 653:
Richardson, Donna. "An Anatomy of Solitude: Shelley's Response to Radical Skepticism in 'Alastor'." Studies in Romanticism Vol. 31, No. 2 (Summer, 1992), pp. 171-195.
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very source of the natural world he rushes. Like the water's surface supports the boat, the supernatural world "cradles" the mutability both of nature and of man.
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as "evil genius". The name does not refer to the hero or Poet of the poem, however, but instead to the spirit who divinely animates the Poet's imagination.
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The English translation of the Latin is: "I was not yet in love, and I loved to be in love, I sought what I might love, in love with loving."
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Brooks, Richard. "Frankenstein lives – thanks to the poet: Percy Shelley helped his wife Mary create the monster, a new book claims."
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Steinman, Lisa M. (2008). "From 'Alastor' to 'The Triumph of Life': Shelley on the Nature and Source of Linguistic Pleasure."
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Arditi, Neil Lucien. "The Uses of Shelley: 'Alastor' to 'The Triumph of Life' (Percy Bysshe Shelley, William Wordsworth,
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the Poet finds himself ready to sink into the supernatural world and break through the threshold into death.
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Schapiro, Barbara. (1979). "Shelley's 'Alastor' and Whitman's 'Out of the Cradle': The Ambivalent Mother."
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Quellen Vorbilder, Stoffe zu Shelley's Poetischen Werken. 1. Alastor. Romanischen und Englischen Philologie
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Mueschke, Paul and Earl L. Griggs. (1934). "Wordsworth as the Prototype of the Poet in Shelley's
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have been noted but Shelley is unlikely to have read that poem, still unpublished at the time of
324: 42:. The poem is 720 lines long. It is considered to be one of the first of Shelley's major poems. 1485: 299:
Critics have spent a great deal of effort attempting to identify the Poet. One possibility is
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Ramadier, Bernard. "Shelley et l'encombrante enveloppe: Le Passage de l'etre a l'ombre dans
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Starner, Jacqueline M. (2008). "Shelley and Plato: Metaphysical Formulations." Online link.
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Peterfreund, Stuart. (1985). "Between desire and nostalgia: Intertextuality in Shelley's
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Strange Truths in Undiscovered Lands: Shelley's Poetic Development and Romantic Geography
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Jones, Frederick L. (1947). "The Vision Theme in Shelley's 'Alastor" and Other Poems."
352: 348:, each of which was partly composed while Southey and Coleridge were in close contact. 300: 258: 175: 1173: 991: 977: 392:
Bean, John C. (1974). "The Poet Borne Darkly: The Dream-Voyage Allegory in Shelley's
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The poem was attacked by contemporary critics for its "obscurity". In a review in
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Poetics of Self and Form in Keats and Shelley: Nietzschean Subjectivity and Genre
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for May 1816, the reviewer dismissed the work as "the madness of a poetic mind."
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Raben, Joseph. (1966). "Coleridge as the Prototype of the Poet in Shelley's
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in imagery and quest-narrative. Shelley sent a copy of the book to Southey.
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O'Malley, Glenn. (1958). "Shelley's 'Air-Prism': The Synesthetic Scheme of
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In his biography of John Keats, Sidney Colvin wrote on the influence of
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Rajan, Tilottama. "The Web of Human Things: Narrative and Identity in
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Fraistat, Neil. (1984). "Poetic Quests and Questionings in Shelley's
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s composition. The similarities might be explained by those between
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Crucefix, Martyn. (1983). "Wordsworth, Superstition, and Shelley's
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Nondum amabam, et amare amabam, quaerebam quid amarem, amans amare.
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Project Gutenberg: complete works of Shelley, including Alastor
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Wordsworth's Influence on Shelley: A Study of Poetic Authority
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influenced the poetry of William Butler Yeats, whose own work
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Wolfstein, The Murderer; or, The Secrets of a Robber's Cave
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Complete works of Shelley, including Alastor at Archive.org
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Ristic, Ratomir. (2000). "Shelley's First Major Lyrics and
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Carson, Robert N. "The Solipsism in Shelley's 'Alastor'."
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Carl H. Pforzheimer Collection of Shelley and His Circle
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Behrendt, Stephen C. "Two Voices: Narrator and Poet in
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Eight lines from the poem "Mutability" are quoted in
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Peacock suggested the name Alastor, which comes from
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NY: Columbia University Press, 1933. Online version.
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Bennett, Betty T. "Love and Egocentricity: Teaching
174:(1818) in the scene when Victor Frankenstein climbs 100:
Alastor; or, The Spirit of Solitude: And Other Poems
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The work was first published in London in 1816 (see
142:The epigraph to the poem is from St. Augustine's 126:Feelings Of A Republican On The Fall Of Bonaparte 1498: 189:We rise. One wandering thought pollutes the day; 873:Poetical Essay on the Existing State of Things 637:The New Shelley: Later Twentieth-Century Views 375:(Erlangen & Leipzig, 1899), pp. 1–16. 161:Shelley also quotes from William Wordsworth's 764: 200:Man's yesterday may ne'er be like his morrow; 316:, a favourite poem of Shelley's, prefigures 715:Winstanley, L. "Shelley as a Nature Poet." 589:Encyclopedia of the Romantic Era, 1760–1850 191:We feel, conceive or reason, laugh or weep; 187:We rest. A dream has power to poison sleep; 150: 944:Posthumous Fragments of Margaret Nicholson 771: 757: 455:, Apostasy, and the Ecology of Criticism". 310:, whom Shelley had much admired and whose 146:, III, i, written between 397 and 398 AD: 196:It is the same! For, be it joy or sorrow, 193:Embrace fond woe, or cast our cares away: 117:"The Pale, The Cold, And The Moony Smile" 778: 708:Wier, M.C. "Shelley's 'Alastor' Again." 470:: Shelley Corrects Wordsworth." (1981). 198:The path of its departure still is free: 20: 428:Approaches to Teaching Shelley's Poetry 409:Approaches to Teaching Shelley's Poetry 171:Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus 1499: 550:Zeitschrift für vergl. Litteraturgesch 247:for October 1816, Josiah Condor wrote: 752: 555:Jones, Frederick L. (December 1946). 212:Reviews were initially negative when 207: 1201:Wolfstein; or, The Mysterious Bandit 1097:Rosalind and Helen, A Modern Eclogue 936:Original Poetry by Victor and Cazire 484:. NY: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1917. 451:Brigham, Linda. "Irony and Clerisy: 382:. University of Toronto Press, 2009. 291:was influenced by the Shelley poem. 135:Translated From The Greek Of Moschus 1217:Zastrozzi, The Master of Discipline 89: 13: 1081:Alastor, or The Spirit of Solitude 566:, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 291–98. 534:An Odyssey of the Soul, Shelley's 387:Alastor, or the Spirit of Solitude 362:(Op. 14) based on Shelley's work. 294: 202:Nought may endure but Mutability. 31:Alastor, or The Spirit of Solitude 14: 1548: 723: 571:The Years Work in English Studies 106:"O! There Are Spirits Of The Air" 1389:The Life of Percy Bysshe Shelley 920:" (published posthumously, 1840) 821: 712:, xlvi, September 1931, 947–950. 686:. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2005. 664:, Vol. 2, No. 7, pp. 69–86. 544:Imelmann, R. (1909). "Shelley's 528:, xlv, December 1930, 1098–1115. 132:Sonnet From The Italian Of Dante 609:and two shorter poems from the 557:The Inconsistency of Shelley's 1507:Poetry by Percy Bysshe Shelley 1318:Sir Percy Shelley, 3rd Baronet 1295:The Man Who Wrote Frankenstein 1034:One Word is Too Often Profaned 910:A Philosophical View of Reform 730:Audiobook recording of Alastor 587:Murray, Christopher John, ed. 360:Alastor, Poème d'après Shelley 231:in the December 1816 issue of 222:Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine 25:1816 first edition title page. 1: 1527:Works by Percy Bysshe Shelley 1469:The Haunting of Villa Diodati 887:A Vindication of Natural Diet 880:A Letter to Lord Ellenborough 628:, XVII, 67, pp. 278–292. 440:, 32, no. 3, pp. 339–66. 430:. New York: MLA, 1990. 76–78. 411:. New York: MLA, 1990. 54–58. 1243:Keats–Shelley Memorial House 1166:History of a Six Weeks' Tour 895:History of a Six Weeks' Tour 705:, 7, 1, Winter, 1983, 23–36. 648:Images fantastiques du corps 120:A Summer-evening Church-yard 16:Poem by Percy Bysshe Shelley 7: 1041:Music, When Soft Voices Die 985:Hymn to Intellectual Beauty 703:Nineteenth-Century Contexts 615:Nineteenth-Century Contexts 323:Similarities in imagery to 10: 1553: 1532:English poetry collections 819: 693:, XXXVI, pp. 245–259. 679:NY: Silver, Burdett, 1902. 495:, XXXIII, pp. 126–47. 365: 351:In 1912, Russian composer 86:free of decay and change. 56: 1478: 1412: 1380: 1304: 1278: 1235: 1192: 1155: 1064: 962: 927: 913:(1819–20, published 1920) 857: 830: 786: 626:Review of English Studies 472:Modern Language Quarterly 905:" (1817, published 1832) 866:The Necessity of Atheism 564:English Literary History 520:Havens, R.D. "Shelley's 426:." Hall, Spencer (ed.). 407:." Hall, Spencer (ed.). 1396:Shelley's Vegetarianism 617:, 9, 1, pp. 47–66. 602:, 55, pp. 178–187. 532:Hoffman, Harold Leroy. 513:: A Reinterpretation." 506:, 33, pp. 161–181. 443:Blank, G. Kim. (1988). 325:Samuel Taylor Coleridge 289:The Wanderings of Oisin 216:was published in 1816. 138:The Daemon Of The World 1486:Shelley Memorial Award 667:Roberts, Charles G.D. 591:. NY: Routledge, 2004. 584:, 49, pp. 229–45. 517:, 62, (1947), 1022–42. 466:Carothers, Yvonne M. " 438:Studies in Romanticism 254: 205: 156: 151: 49:. Peacock has defined 26: 1421:Bride of Frankenstein 1403:Shelley: A Life Story 1352:Thomas Jefferson Hogg 1145:The Masque of Anarchy 504:Keats-Shelley Journal 400:, 23, pp. 60–76. 398:Keats-Shelley Journal 313:Thalaba the Destroyer 249: 184: 148: 24: 1453:Rowing with the Wind 1372:Edward John Trelawny 1225:Zastrozzi, A Romance 1013:Ode to the West Wind 780:Percy Bysshe Shelley 447:. London: Macmillan. 422:with Mary Shelley's 218:John Gibson Lockhart 36:Percy Bysshe Shelley 1471:" (2020 TV episode) 1367:Thomas Love Peacock 1289:authorship question 1156:Collaborations with 1137:The Triumph of Life 1089:The Revolt of Islam 918:A Defence of Poetry 662:Facta Universitatis 493:Essays in Criticism 371:Ackermann, Richard. 227:Leigh Hunt praised 109:Stanzas.—April 1814 40:Thomas Love Peacock 1330:Sir Bysshe Shelley 1279:Authorship debates 1129:The Witch of Atlas 1121:Julian and Maddalo 928:Poetry collections 803:Prometheus Unbound 658:Prometheus Unbound 420:Prometheus Unbound 353:Nikolai Myaskovsky 301:William Wordsworth 259:The British Critic 240:The Monthly Review 208:Critical reception 98:) under the title 27: 1494: 1493: 1260:Shelley's Cottage 1006:Love's Philosophy 717:Englische Studien 509:Gibson, Evan K. " 463:, 24 August 2008. 1544: 1341:Claire Clairmont 1265:Shelley Memorial 971:The Devil's Walk 952:Posthumous Poems 825: 773: 766: 759: 750: 749: 734:Internet Archive 600:Modern Philology 480:Colvin, Sidney. 461:The Sunday Times 339: 154: 90:1816 publication 1552: 1551: 1547: 1546: 1545: 1543: 1542: 1541: 1537:Roman mythology 1497: 1496: 1495: 1490: 1474: 1408: 1376: 1348:(father-in-law) 1324:Timothy Shelley 1300: 1274: 1254:Rising Universe 1231: 1188: 1157: 1151: 1060: 1055:England in 1819 958: 923: 903:On Frankenstein 853: 826: 817: 782: 777: 726: 474:, 42(1): 21–47. 434:Birns, Nicholas 378:Alvey, Nahoko. 368: 337: 297: 295:Critical review 245:Eclectic Review 210: 204: 201: 199: 197: 195: 194: 192: 190: 188: 92: 59: 47:Roman mythology 17: 12: 11: 5: 1550: 1540: 1539: 1534: 1529: 1524: 1522:Romantic poems 1519: 1514: 1509: 1492: 1491: 1489: 1488: 1482: 1480: 1476: 1475: 1473: 1472: 1465: 1457: 1449: 1445:Haunted Summer 1441: 1433: 1425: 1416: 1414: 1410: 1409: 1407: 1406: 1399: 1392: 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1287:Frankenstein 1286: 1252: 1223: 1215: 1207: 1199: 1180: 1172: 1164: 1158:Mary Shelley 1143: 1135: 1127: 1119: 1111: 1103: 1095: 1087: 1080: 1079: 1071: 1020:To a Skylark 950: 942: 934: 908: 893: 885: 845: 837: 809: 801: 793: 716: 709: 702: 690: 683: 676: 672: 668: 661: 657: 647: 643: 636: 632: 625: 621: 614: 610: 606: 599: 595: 588: 581: 577: 570: 563: 560: 556: 552:, Vol. XVII. 549: 545: 537: 533: 525: 521: 514: 510: 503: 499: 492: 488: 481: 471: 467: 460: 452: 444: 437: 427: 424:Frankenstein 423: 419: 415: 408: 404: 397: 393: 386: 379: 372: 359: 350: 345: 341: 334: 328: 322: 317: 311: 305: 298: 288: 284: 283: 278: 274: 270: 268: 264: 257: 255: 250: 244: 239: 237: 233:The Examiner 232: 228: 226: 221: 213: 211: 186: 169: 167: 162: 160: 157: 149: 143: 141: 129:Superstition 99: 93: 84: 80: 76: 72: 68:supernatural 62: 60: 44: 30: 29: 28: 18: 1464:(2017 film) 1456:(1988 film) 1448:(1988 film) 1440:(1986 film) 1432:(1984 play) 1424:(1935 film) 1381:Biographies 1193:Adaptations 963:Short poems 858:Non-fiction 306:Another is 144:Confessions 1517:1816 books 1512:1815 poems 1501:Categories 1413:Portrayals 1357:John Keats 1336:Lord Byron 1174:Proserpine 1065:Long poems 999:Ozymandias 992:Mont Blanc 978:Mutability 847:St. Irvyne 669:Shelley's 482:John Keats 355:wrote his 346:Kubla Khan 330:Kubla Khan 273:on Keats' 180:Swiss Alps 176:Montanvert 113:Mutability 1073:Queen Mab 1027:The Cloud 839:Zastrozzi 795:The Cenci 613:volume." 1326:(father) 1057:" (1834) 1050:" (1824) 1043:" (1824) 1036:" (1822) 1029:" (1820) 1022:" (1820) 1015:" (1820) 1008:" (1819) 1001:" (1818) 994:" (1817) 987:" (1817) 980:" (1816) 973:" (1812) 882:" (1812) 875:" (1811) 868:" (1811) 275:Endymion 1479:Related 1113:Adonaïs 1048:A Dirge 831:Fiction 675:Alastor 671:Adonais 644:Alastor 633:Alastor 622:Alastor 611:Alastor 607:Alastor 596:Alastor 578:Alastor 559:Alastor 546:Alastor 536:Alastor 522:Alastor 511:Alastor 500:Alastor 489:Alastor 468:Alastor 453:Alastor 416:Alastor 405:Alastor 394:Alastor 366:Sources 342:Thalaba 335:Alastor 318:Alastor 285:Alastor 279:Alastor 271:Alastor 229:Alastor 214:Alastor 178:in the 63:Alastor 57:Summary 51:Alastor 1437:Gothic 1314:(wife) 1305:People 1236:Places 1228:(1986) 1220:(1977) 1212:(1850) 1204:(1822) 1185:(1820) 1177:(1820) 1169:(1817) 1148:(1832) 1140:(1824) 1132:(1824) 1124:(1824) 1116:(1821) 1108:(1821) 1100:(1819) 1092:(1818) 1084:(1816) 1076:(1813) 955:(1824) 947:(1810) 939:(1810) 898:(1817) 890:(1813) 850:(1811) 842:(1810) 814:(1822) 811:Hellas 806:(1820) 798:(1819) 646:." In 1320:(son) 1182:Midas 787:Plays 338:' 252:poem. 710:PMLA 673:and 582:PMLA 526:PMLA 515:PMLA 418:and 344:and 732:at 660:." 635:." 624:." 598:." 580:." 524:." 491:." 396:." 327:'s 281:." 256:In 220:of 61:In 1503:: 235:. 182:: 70:. 1467:" 1053:" 1046:" 1039:" 1032:" 1025:" 1018:" 1011:" 1004:" 997:" 990:" 983:" 976:" 969:" 916:" 901:" 878:" 871:" 864:" 772:e 765:t 758:v 677:. 561:. 538:.

Index


Percy Bysshe Shelley
Thomas Love Peacock
Roman mythology
Alastor
supernatural
1816 in poetry
Mutability
Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus
Montanvert
Swiss Alps
John Gibson Lockhart
The British Critic
William Wordsworth
Robert Southey
Thalaba the Destroyer
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Kubla Khan
Nikolai Myaskovsky
symphonic poem
Birns, Nicholas
Brigham, Linda. "Irony and Clerisy: Alastor, Apostasy, and the Ecology of Criticism".
Hoffman, Harold Leroy. An Odyssey of the Soul, Shelley's Alastor. NY: Columbia University Press, 1933. Online version.
Starner, Jacqueline M. (2008). "Shelley and Plato: Metaphysical Formulations." Online link.
Audiobook recording of Alastor
Internet Archive
Complete works of Shelley, including Alastor at Archive.org
Project Gutenberg: complete works of Shelley, including Alastor
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