103:
units had begun operation and a small quantity of low enriched uranium had been produced. Iraq declared to the first IAEA inspection team that the site was a plant for manufacturing transformers, an implausible claim. When its true nature was established, later inspections showed that extensive deception had taken place, including laying fresh concrete to hide evidence of the machinery that had been installed and walls which had been painted to hide the presence of uranium.
83:
no additional perimeter security or military defenses at the site. At this same site, the Iraqis built a multimillion-dollar “chemical wash” facility for recovering uranium from refurbished calutron components. This facility was reportedly as sophisticated and clean as any in the West, and triple-filtered so as not to release any trace effluents into the atmosphere that might have led to its detection once it began operation.
99:
of large saucer-like objects (just prior to the first IAEA inspection of the site) led to the positive identification of the Iraqi calutron program. Much of the equipment at this site was disassembled unilaterally by Iraq, and the components hidden from IAEA inspector teams. These parts were eventually turned over to IAEA personnel and destroyed in place.
98:
nuclear center, where nuclear material was being safeguarded. No other facilities were declared in the initial Iraqi statements. That the
Tarmiya facility housed a substantial piece of the Iraqi nuclear program was only confirmed after the Gulf War in the early summer of 1991, when the movement there
82:
The
Tarmiya site had no security fence and no visible electrical capacity; only later did inspectors discover that it was powered by a 30-kV underground electrical feed from a 150 MWe substation several kilometers away. Tarmiya was also situated within a large military security zone, thereby needing
102:
As a result of the second IAEA inspection, the
Tarmiya industrial center was revealed as a site for the electromagnetic isotope separation process (EMIS), a facility capable of producing nuclear-weapons-usable material. This was a large site still in the installation stage, although some production
106:
The
Tarmiyah large-scale calutron facility was located in Building 33, which was over 100 meters long, which had the capability to support about 100 calutron units. Tarmiyah is also the location of a calutron facility, which would have served as a second-stage "topping off" plant, taking enriched
78:
used to enrich uranium to 35%, located in two buildings at the site. This huge facility was designed to house 90 electromagnetic isotope separators and eight such separators were actually placed in operation in
September 1990, resulting in the production of around half a kilogram of 4% enriched
107:
uranium from the first-stage large-scale calutron facilities, and enriching it to weapons-grade. The smaller calutron facility was located in
Building 245, and included room for about 20 calutrons. Both buildings were 6 to 18 months away from being operational at the time of the Gulf War.
56:
240:
115:
189:
60:
144:
118:(AQI) took control of the area in 2006. AQI forces in Tarmiyah were commanded by Abu Ghazwan until he was killed in 2008.
67:
160:
220:
32:
74:. The site included both 1200 mm and 600 mm separators. Tarmiya was the site of the 20
71:
137:
The
Endgame: The Inside Story of the Struggle for Iraq, from George W. Bush to Barack Obama
225:
8:
140:
234:
204:
191:
95:
221:
http://www.iaea.org/NewsCenter/MediaAdvisory/2003/ma_iraq_1101.shtml
111:
91:
75:
114:, Sunni insurgents were active in Tarmiyah from 2003 onwards, and
39:. It has a population of 91,284. The area is a sparsely populated
52:
40:
48:
28:
94:, the only known nuclear facilities in Iraq were those at the
44:
87:
36:
226:
http://www.iaea.org/OurWork/SV/Invo/reports/s_22788.pdf
161:"Iraqi troops kill senior al Qaeda in Iraq leader"
232:
135:Gordon, Michael R.; Trainor, Bernard E. (2012).
47:people from various local tribes including the
43:community. The population is made up of mostly
134:
31:river 50 km (31 mi) north of Baghdad, in the
233:
241:Populated places in Baghdad Province
13:
68:electromagnetic isotope separation
14:
252:
181:
153:
128:
66:Tarmiya was the main site for
1:
121:
7:
139:. Pantheon. p. 232-3.
10:
257:
33:Salah al-Din Governorate
217:Geo Links for Al Tarmia
205:33.664354°N 44.373779°E
70:(EMIS) program for the
90:inspection after the
72:enrichment of uranium
210:33.664354; 44.373779
165:The Long War Journal
201: /
86:Prior to the first
27:) is a town on the
146:978-0-307-37722-7
248:
216:
215:
213:
212:
211:
206:
202:
199:
198:
197:
194:
175:
174:
172:
171:
157:
151:
150:
132:
116:Al-Qaeda in Iraq
256:
255:
251:
250:
249:
247:
246:
245:
231:
230:
209:
207:
203:
200:
195:
192:
190:
188:
187:
184:
179:
178:
169:
167:
159:
158:
154:
147:
133:
129:
124:
12:
11:
5:
254:
244:
243:
229:
228:
223:
218:
183:
182:External links
180:
177:
176:
152:
145:
126:
125:
123:
120:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
253:
242:
239:
238:
236:
227:
224:
222:
219:
214:
186:
185:
166:
162:
156:
148:
142:
138:
131:
127:
119:
117:
113:
108:
104:
100:
97:
93:
89:
84:
80:
77:
73:
69:
64:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
18:
168:. Retrieved
164:
155:
136:
130:
109:
105:
101:
85:
81:
65:
57:Al Bu Farraj
24:
20:
16:
15:
208: /
110:During the
96:Al Tuwaitha
196:44°22′26″E
193:33°39′52″N
170:2016-04-21
122:References
79:uranium.
76:calutrons
23:(Arabic:
17:Al Tarmia
235:Category
112:Iraq War
92:Gulf War
61:Al Ddury
59:and the
25:الطارمية
21:Tarmiyah
53:Shammar
41:farming
143:
49:Dulaym
29:Tigris
45:Sunni
141:ISBN
88:IAEA
37:Iraq
35:of
19:or
237::
163:.
63:.
55:,
51:,
173:.
149:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.