435:
459:
420:
65:
447:
1449:
44:
554:
1459:
352:
506:. It is used as a condiment, especially in many dishes and sauces. In Peru the chilis are mostly used fresh, and in Bolivia dried and ground. Common dishes with
306:
species have white or cream colored flowers, and typically have a green or gold corolla. The flowers are either insect or self-pollinated. The fruit pods of the
1663:
1702:
799:
Rêgo, Elizanilda
Ramalho do; Rêgo, Mailson Monteiro do; Cruz, Cosme Damião; Finger, Fernando Luiz; Casali, Vicente Wagner Dias (2010-11-09).
949:
801:"Phenotypic diversity, correlation and importance of variables for fruit quality and yield traits in Brazilian peppers (Capsicum baccatum)"
1754:
290:, and is one of the five domesticated chili pepper species. The fruit tends to be very pungent, and registers 30,000 to 50,000 on the
1611:
1689:
1624:
664:
655:
1694:
434:
584:, while other peppers are referred to as "pepper" via the Spanish conquistadors noting the similarity in heat sensation to
492:
literally means "yellow chili"; however, the yellow color appears only when cooked, as the mature pods are bright orange.
1224:
1205:
768:
458:
1274:
534:, onion, and lemon juice (amongst others) are served in a separate bowl with many meals as an optional condiment. In
1334:
942:
1707:
1650:
484:, has its origins in ancient Peru and across the Andean region of South America. It is typically associated with
576:. It then spread along with the Capsicum fruit from Central and South America to other pepper growing regions.
419:
1772:
660:
17:
1603:
785:
1676:
1551:
1546:
1517:
1452:
1294:
935:
687:"Genetic diversity in Capsicum baccatum is significantly influenced by its ecogeographical distribution"
1767:
958:
612:
1629:
646:
1836:
1831:
64:
848:"Multiple lines of evidence for the origin of domesticated chili pepper, Capsicum annuum, in Mexico"
1329:
1759:
1414:
909:
Eshbaugh, W. Hardy. Peppers: History and
Exploitation of a Serendipitous New Crop Discovery (1993)
410:
1048:
1028:
908:
1841:
1826:
1668:
1598:
1479:
1148:
914:
573:
518:
632:
181:
1733:
1572:
1088:
1068:
859:
331:) is the domesticated pepper of choice of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Chile. The
314:
species, which tend to have a characteristic shape. The pods typically hang down, unlike a
761:
The
Complete Pepper Book: A Gardener's Guide to Choosing, Growing, Preserving, and Cooking
446:
8:
1350:
1103:
1098:
1008:
919:
685:
Albrecht, Elena; Zhang, Dapeng; Mays, Anne; Saftner, Robert A.; Stommel, John R. (2012).
488:, and is considered part of its condiment trinity together with red onion and coriander.
316:
1746:
863:
1793:
1434:
1425:
1264:
882:
847:
828:
743:
713:
686:
527:
205:
59:
1821:
1728:
1559:
1409:
1404:
1319:
1235:
998:
887:
820:
764:
718:
535:
397:
392:
51:
1043:
512:
1798:
1462:
1374:
1138:
1118:
1063:
877:
867:
832:
812:
708:
698:
503:
499:
485:
310:
species have been cultivated into a wide variety of shapes and sizes, unlike other
1564:
1528:
1155:
1715:
1304:
1259:
1170:
988:
969:
800:
102:
1741:
1379:
1299:
1185:
1128:
1123:
1078:
1023:
1018:
1013:
291:
89:
816:
539:
1815:
1502:
1369:
1324:
1219:
1143:
1113:
1108:
1083:
993:
983:
824:
332:
197:
1681:
1399:
872:
703:
1785:
1269:
1254:
1165:
1133:
1058:
891:
738:
722:
585:
560:
is actually bright orange before cooking, which changes its color to yellow
368:
360:
1720:
1538:
1249:
1637:
1511:
1314:
1195:
1073:
1003:
1093:
1616:
569:
148:
1642:
43:
1585:
1359:
1038:
927:
138:
1473:
1780:
1496:
1339:
1289:
1284:
1190:
1175:
1053:
553:
372:
286:
158:
128:
115:
1655:
1590:
1364:
1309:
1279:
1180:
1160:
1033:
1577:
335:
often represented fruits and vegetables in their art, including
1244:
758:
351:
76:
684:
737:
The Spirit of
Ancient Peru : Treasures from the
798:
1813:
320:plant, and can have a citrus or fruity flavor.
943:
950:
936:
339:peppers. South American farmers also grow
42:
881:
871:
712:
702:
572:. It was first used in the protolanguage
759:Dave DeWitt and Paul W. Bosland (2009).
754:
752:
552:
350:
739:Museo Arqueológico Rafael Larco Herrera
665:United States Department of Agriculture
656:Germplasm Resources Information Network
568:has been used since approximately 4600
14:
1814:
957:
735:Berrin, Katherine & Larco Museum.
591:The Latin binomial name is made up of
1478:
1477:
931:
845:
777:
749:
538:, Peruvian, and Ecuadorian cuisines,
1458:
805:Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution
24:
783:
25:
1853:
902:
343:as ornamental plants for export.
1773:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:814733-1
1457:
1448:
1447:
457:
445:
433:
418:
63:
469:
839:
792:
729:
678:
639:
625:
302:Chili pepper varieties in the
13:
1:
661:Agricultural Research Service
618:
498:is one of the ingredients of
440:Bishop's crown fruit on plant
548:
545:is also a common condiment.
346:
7:
1335:Trinidad scorpion 'Butch T'
606:
284:) is a member of the genus
10:
1858:
613:List of Capsicum cultivars
478:species, particularly the
1486:
1443:
1423:
1388:
1348:
1233:
1204:
968:
817:10.1007/s10722-010-9628-7
297:
211:
204:
187:
180:
60:Scientific classification
58:
50:
41:
34:
1330:Trinidad Moruga scorpion
580:is still referred to as
359:peppers. Moche culture.
873:10.1073/pnas.1308933111
704:10.1186/1471-2156-13-68
371:includes the following
852:Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
786:"How to Grow Aji Limo"
784:Weaver, William Woys.
603:meaning "berry-like".
564:Some form of the word
561:
510:are the Peruvian stew
364:
251:Capsicum praetermissum
221:Capsicum chamaecerasus
1415:Sweet piquanté pepper
1320:'Red Savina' habanero
1295:Hainan yellow lantern
846:Kraft, Kraig (2014).
556:
464:Cultivar "Lemon Drop"
354:
323:Cultivated baccatum (
215:Capsicum cerasiflorum
1049:Diavoletto d'Abruzzo
788:. Mother Earth News.
355:Ceramic shaped like
263:Capsicum umbilicatum
253:Heiser & P.G.Sm.
239:Capsicum microcarpum
920:Plants for a Future
915:"Capsicum baccatum"
864:2014PNAS..111.6165K
744:Thames & Hudson
526:, among others. In
522:, and the Bolivian
519:Papa a la Huancaína
317:Capsicum frutescens
257:Capsicum pulchellum
1360:African bird's eye
1265:Chocolate habanero
562:
528:Ecuadorian cuisine
481:ají amarillo chili
365:
292:Scoville heat unit
1809:
1808:
1729:Open Tree of Life
1518:Capsicum baccatum
1488:Capsicum baccatum
1480:Taxon identifiers
1471:
1470:
999:Beaver Dam pepper
858:(17): 6165–6170.
649:Capsicum baccatum
578:Capsicum baccatum
504:Bolivian cuisines
426:Capsicum baccatum
275:Capsicum baccatum
271:
270:
245:Capsicum pendulum
191:Capsicum baccatum
36:Capsicum baccatum
16:(Redirected from
1849:
1837:Bolivian cuisine
1832:Peruvian cuisine
1802:
1801:
1789:
1788:
1776:
1775:
1763:
1762:
1750:
1749:
1737:
1736:
1724:
1723:
1711:
1710:
1698:
1697:
1685:
1684:
1672:
1671:
1659:
1658:
1646:
1645:
1633:
1632:
1620:
1619:
1607:
1606:
1594:
1593:
1581:
1580:
1568:
1567:
1555:
1554:
1542:
1541:
1532:
1531:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1475:
1474:
1461:
1460:
1451:
1450:
1119:New Mexico chile
952:
945:
938:
929:
928:
924:
896:
895:
885:
875:
843:
837:
836:
796:
790:
789:
781:
775:
774:
763:. Timber Press.
756:
747:
733:
727:
726:
716:
706:
682:
676:
675:
673:
671:
643:
637:
636:
633:"The Plant List"
629:
486:Peruvian cuisine
461:
449:
437:
422:
367:This species of
233:Capsicum conicum
227:Capsicum ciliare
193:
173:C. baccatum
68:
67:
46:
32:
31:
27:Species of plant
21:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1805:
1797:
1792:
1784:
1779:
1771:
1766:
1758:
1753:
1745:
1740:
1732:
1727:
1719:
1716:Observation.org
1714:
1706:
1701:
1693:
1688:
1680:
1675:
1667:
1662:
1654:
1649:
1641:
1636:
1628:
1623:
1615:
1610:
1602:
1597:
1589:
1584:
1576:
1571:
1563:
1558:
1550:
1545:
1537:
1535:
1527:
1525:
1516:
1515:
1510:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1482:
1472:
1467:
1439:
1419:
1384:
1344:
1305:Madame Jeanette
1275:Dragon's Breath
1260:Carolina Reaper
1229:
1200:
1171:Peperone crusco
1149:Santa Fe Grande
989:Baklouti pepper
964:
956:
913:
905:
900:
899:
844:
840:
797:
793:
782:
778:
771:
757:
750:
734:
730:
683:
679:
669:
667:
645:
644:
640:
631:
630:
626:
621:
609:
595:from the Greek
551:
516:("hen chili"),
472:
465:
462:
453:
450:
441:
438:
429:
423:
411:Piquanté pepper
349:
300:
200:
195:
189:
176:
62:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1855:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1799:wfo-0001020013
1790:
1777:
1764:
1751:
1738:
1725:
1712:
1699:
1686:
1673:
1660:
1647:
1634:
1621:
1608:
1595:
1582:
1569:
1556:
1543:
1533:
1523:
1508:
1492:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1465:
1455:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1431:
1429:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1405:Bishop's crown
1402:
1396:
1394:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1356:
1354:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1241:
1239:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1227:
1225:Wild chiltepin
1222:
1216:
1214:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
980:
978:
966:
965:
955:
954:
947:
940:
932:
926:
925:
911:
904:
903:External links
901:
898:
897:
838:
811:(6): 909–918.
791:
776:
770:978-0881929201
769:
748:
728:
677:
638:
623:
622:
620:
617:
616:
615:
608:
605:
550:
547:
524:fricasé Paceño
513:ají de gallina
471:
468:
467:
466:
463:
456:
454:
451:
444:
442:
439:
432:
430:
424:
417:
414:
413:
408:
395:
393:Bishop's crown
390:
384:amarillo chili
382:, also called
348:
345:
299:
296:
269:
268:
267:
266:
260:
254:
248:
242:
236:
230:
224:
218:
209:
208:
202:
201:
196:
185:
184:
178:
177:
170:
168:
164:
163:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
126:
119:
118:
113:
106:
105:
100:
93:
92:
87:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
56:
55:
52:Bishop's crown
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1854:
1843:
1842:Chili peppers
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1827:Flora of Peru
1825:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1800:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1534:
1530:
1524:
1519:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1498:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1476:
1464:
1456:
1454:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1436:
1435:Rocoto pepper
1433:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1351:C. frutescens
1347:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1325:Scotch bonnet
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1211:glabriusculum
1208:
1203:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1089:Hungarian wax
1087:
1085:
1084:Guntur Sannam
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1069:Facing heaven
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
994:Banana pepper
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
981:
979:
977:
976:
972:
967:
963:
961:
953:
948:
946:
941:
939:
934:
933:
930:
922:
921:
916:
912:
910:
907:
906:
893:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
842:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
795:
787:
780:
772:
766:
762:
755:
753:
745:
741:
740:
732:
724:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
696:
692:
688:
681:
666:
662:
658:
657:
652:
650:
642:
634:
628:
624:
614:
611:
610:
604:
602:
598:
594:
589:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
559:
555:
546:
544:
542:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
520:
515:
514:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
491:
487:
483:
482:
477:
460:
455:
448:
443:
436:
431:
427:
421:
416:
415:
412:
409:
407:
403:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
388:ají escabeche
385:
381:
378:
377:
376:
374:
370:
362:
358:
353:
344:
342:
338:
334:
333:Moche culture
330:
326:
321:
319:
318:
313:
309:
305:
295:
293:
289:
288:
283:
282:
277:
276:
264:
261:
258:
255:
252:
249:
246:
243:
240:
237:
234:
231:
228:
225:
222:
219:
216:
213:
212:
210:
207:
203:
199:
194:
192:
186:
183:
182:Binomial name
179:
175:
174:
169:
166:
165:
162:
161:
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
140:
137:
134:
133:
130:
127:
124:
121:
120:
117:
114:
111:
108:
107:
104:
101:
98:
95:
94:
91:
90:Tracheophytes
88:
85:
82:
81:
78:
75:
72:
71:
66:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
1487:
1426:C. pubescens
1424:
1390:
1389:
1349:
1255:Bhut jolokia
1234:
1210:
1206:
1099:Kashmiri red
1059:Er jing tiao
974:
970:
959:
918:
855:
851:
841:
808:
804:
794:
779:
760:
742:. New York:
736:
731:
694:
691:BMC Genetics
690:
680:
668:. Retrieved
654:
648:
641:
627:
600:
596:
592:
590:
586:black pepper
581:
577:
565:
563:
558:Ají amarillo
557:
540:
532:ají amarillo
531:
523:
517:
511:
508:ají amarillo
507:
496:Ají amarillo
495:
494:
490:Ají amarillo
489:
480:
479:
475:
473:
470:Culinary use
425:
405:
401:
387:
383:
380:Ají amarillo
379:
369:chili pepper
366:
361:Larco Museum
357:ají amarillo
356:
340:
337:ají amarillo
336:
328:
324:
322:
315:
311:
307:
303:
301:
285:
280:
279:
274:
273:
272:
262:
256:
250:
244:
238:
232:
226:
220:
214:
190:
188:
172:
171:
159:
122:
109:
96:
83:
35:
29:
1747:kew-2698448
1638:iNaturalist
1512:Wikispecies
1391:C. baccatum
1315:Naga Morich
1236:C. chinense
1196:Siling haba
1074:Friggitello
1004:Bell pepper
670:15 December
574:Otomanguean
476:C. baccatum
341:C. baccatum
325:C. baccatum
304:C. baccatum
103:Angiosperms
1816:Categories
1742:Plant List
1410:Lemon drop
1029:Cheongyang
1009:Bird's eye
697:(68): 68.
619:References
398:Lemon drop
363:collection
278:(Spanish:
149:Solanaceae
18:Ají pepper
1604:242430253
1375:Malagueta
1250:Ají dulce
1207:C. annuum
1064:Espelette
1039:Cubanelle
971:C. annuum
962:cultivars
825:0925-9864
549:Etymology
536:Colombian
402:ají limón
373:cultivars
347:Cultivars
167:Species:
139:Solanales
73:Kingdom:
1822:Capsicum
1786:29603417
1781:Tropicos
1669:10694956
1656:814733-1
1536:BioLib:
1497:Wikidata
1453:Category
1340:Pepper X
1300:Infinity
1290:Habanero
1285:Habanaga
1191:Shishito
1176:Pimiento
1094:Jalapeño
1079:Guajillo
1054:Dundicut
1044:De árbol
1019:Cascabel
960:Capsicum
892:24753581
723:22866868
607:See also
601:baccatum
593:Capsicum
500:Peruvian
406:ají limo
329:pendulum
312:capsicum
308:baccatum
287:Capsicum
206:Synonyms
160:Capsicum
145:Family:
129:Asterids
116:Eudicots
1617:2932938
1578:8761714
1503:Q132263
1463:Commons
1380:Tabasco
1365:Kambuzi
1310:Nagabon
1280:Fatalii
1186:Serrano
1181:Poblano
1161:Pasilla
1129:Chimayó
1124:Big Jim
1034:Chilaca
1024:Cayenne
1014:Byadagi
883:4035960
860:Bibcode
833:6136758
746:, 1997.
714:3496591
294:scale.
259:Salisb.
155:Genus:
135:Order:
77:Plantae
54:fruits
1760:CABA29
1755:PLANTS
1734:232458
1721:115849
1695:510075
1682:120109
1643:280907
1552:438732
1539:198464
1529:223069
1526:APDB:
1370:Labuyo
1245:Adjuma
1220:Piquín
1156:Padrón
1144:Sandia
1134:Fresno
1114:Mulato
1109:Medusa
1104:Korean
984:Aleppo
975:annuum
890:
880:
831:
823:
767:
721:
711:
599:, and
452:Flower
428:flower
298:Botany
247:Willd.
229:Willd.
1708:33114
1664:IRMNG
1591:CPSBA
1270:Datil
1209:var.
1166:Peter
1139:No. 9
973:var.
829:S2CID
597:kapos
543:sauce
327:var.
265:Vell.
235:Vell.
123:Clade
110:Clade
97:Clade
84:Clade
1768:POWO
1703:NCBI
1690:ITIS
1651:IPNI
1630:8907
1625:GRIN
1612:GBIF
1586:EPPO
1565:QT4Z
1547:BOLD
888:PMID
821:ISSN
765:ISBN
719:PMID
672:2017
502:and
474:The
386:and
241:Cav.
223:Nees
217:Link
1794:WFO
1677:ISC
1599:FNA
1573:EoL
1560:CoL
1400:Ají
878:PMC
868:doi
856:111
813:doi
709:PMC
699:doi
582:ají
570:BCE
566:ají
541:ají
404:or
281:ají
1818::
1796::
1783::
1770::
1757::
1744::
1731::
1718::
1705::
1692::
1679::
1666::
1653::
1640::
1627::
1614::
1601::
1588::
1575::
1562::
1549::
1514::
1499::
917:.
886:.
876:.
866:.
854:.
850:.
827:.
819:.
809:58
807:.
803:.
751:^
717:.
707:.
695:13
693:.
689:.
663:,
659:.
653:.
588:.
530:,
400:,
375::
198:L.
125::
112::
99::
86::
951:e
944:t
937:v
923:.
894:.
870::
862::
835:.
815::
773:.
725:.
701::
674:.
651:"
647:"
635:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
