653:
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38:
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agricultural activity and provided no dates. The different layers of
Aguazuque were similar in character in terms of the tools found, and in the abundance of deer, the main meat for the inhabitants of the Bogotá savanna. The sequence of the layers from bottom to top based on the abundance of guinea pig remains, showed that their presence as domesticated animals varied through time. The domestication of guinea pigs is also evidenced in nearby Tequendama.
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The evidence for human settlements at
Aguazuque consists of circular slightly excavated structures, surrounded by vertically inward inclined bones of deer, or poles of wood. The round areas had a diameter of between 2 metres (6.6 ft) and 4 metres (13 ft) and contained ash and carbon remains
1073:
The percentage of hunted deer was highest in the uppermost layer where the caiman bones have also been found, suggesting a time of greater interaction with the lower altitude tropical zones of the Andes. The early evidence for agriculture has been found in the middle section of the sequence, as has
986:
Paleopathological analysis has provided information on the people; the average brain volume was around 1,400 cubic centimetres (85 cu in), spread from 1,240 cubic centimetres (76 cu in) to 1,480 cubic centimetres (90 cu in) and the body length around 160 centimetres
523:
Soacha, today the most populated satellite city of the
Colombian capital, was an important location for pre-Columbian settlement. Apart from Aguazuque, various other sites have been discovered in the vicinity of Soacha. For example, in 2014, the largest pre-Columbian town has been discovered in
1069:
The oldest evidence for settlement has been dated to 5025 ± 40 years Before
Present (around 3000 BCE). This layer is followed by younger occupation dated at 3850 ± 35 years, 3400 to 2800 BP and the second-youngest zone at 2725 ± 35 years BP. The uppermost layer has been disturbed by modern
573:
The archaeological remains of
Aguazuque were found in an oval elevated area west of the Bogotá River, that forms a bend around this higher ground. Aguazuque is located on the southwestern part of the Bogotá savanna and is surrounded by higher hills reaching altitudes of up to 2,850 metres
974:. The burial sites showed evidence of ritual and beliefs in afterlife; the bodies were surrounded by stone tools, such as scrapers and mortars, and some pieces were decorated with red or black colours. Food offerings, such as the meat of the white-tailed deer, guinea pigs and
669:
In all of the layers of the
Aguazuque site, remains of fauna have been uncovered. The fauna, part of the cuisine of the inhabitants of Aguazuque, consisted of mammals, reptiles, birds, fish and invertebrates such as gastropods, fresh water oysters and crustaceans.
298:
The site represents a transition from a hunter-gatherer culture towards the earliest evidence of agriculture. A phase of settlement is attested where the people moved away from the caves and rock shelters and started inhabiting open area grounds.
574:(9,350 ft). The climate is cool, with an average temperature of 13 °C (55 °F). Compared to other parts of the Bogotá savanna, the area of Aguazuque has relatively little rainfall. Geologically, Aguazuque is located on an
962:
Within the area of
Aguazuque, fifty-nine burial sites have been discovered, consisting of single, double and mass graves. The bodies were buried on either the right or the left side, or lying on their backs. As was common in the later
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on the floor. Using animal and shell pigments, the floors were painted red or covered with sandstone fragments and volcanic ash. The remains of the houses were mostly circular, and near them were many fireplaces.
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978:
accompanied the buried. An isolated body was adorned with colourful painted pieces of rock. Similar to what has been found in
Tequendama, some of the buried people may have been characterised by rituals of
1633:
Aguazuque - evidencias de cazadores, recolectores y plantadores en la altiplanicie de la
Cordillera Oriental - Aguazuque: Evidence of hunter-gatherers and growers on the high plains of the Eastern Ranges
593:
have been found in
Mosquera and were dated to 20,000 years BP. The area of the site is 76 square metres (820 sq ft) and remains have been analysed to a depth of 2 metres (6.6 ft).
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where the agricultural activity has been dated at 3270 years BP. Only in the uppermost beds, the evidence of ceramics has been found, that could be dated to Early Herrera; around 2800 years BP.
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One of the collective sites contained the remains of 23 adults (men and women) and children. It has been theorised that these people fell victim to epidemics, of which in the remains no
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441:
2183:
1289:
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872:
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288:. There were some difficulties in dating of the uppermost layer due to modern agricultural activity in the area; the sediments of the shallower parts were disturbed.
2249:
586:
2322:
2315:
866:
644:, spear points, perforating tools, knives and scrapers. The latter formed the majority of bone tools found, accounting for 55 to 75% of the bone artefacts found.
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884:
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755:
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878:
820:
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2738:
860:
3138:
1951:
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Checua: Una secuencia cultural entre 8500 y 3000 años antes del presente - Checua: a cultural sequence between 8500 and 3000 years before present
1318:
3170:
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1692:
295:, primitive circular housing, various burial sites of individual and group interments and in the youngest dated layers, evidences of ceramics.
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and round mortars and flat milling stones. Most of the artefacts originate from the nearby chert, with some tools made from shales of the
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The stone artefacts uncovered are very similar in character to those found at El Abra and Tequendama and consist of tools mainly made of
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outcropping nearby. The top sediments are of Late Pleistocene and early Holocene age and contain sandstones and claystones of the former
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Datación de restos fósiles humanos provenientes de Aguazuque y Checua (Cundinamarca) usando resonancia paramagnética electrónica (epr)
637:; the process of elaboration of the tools; in total 3868 samples, between 60 and 70% of the lithic fragments found were of this type.
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At Aguazuque multiple palaeoanthropological finds have been made; stone and bone tools, remains of fireplaces and a multitude of
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of the Colombian Andes. Apart from tools, Aguazuque is characterised by a large percentage of flakes resulting from the
30:
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Burial sites of animals have also been found, where turtles, parrots and foxes were located in isolated small graves.
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were used to grind pigments, prepare food and as pieces for the dead, evidenced in various burial sites at Aguazuque
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culture, the bodies were interred with their arms crossed over the thorax and the legs folded onto the abdomen.
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1019:, where no evidence of caries was discovered, in Aguazuque the human dental remains showed ample evidence of
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As at the other sites on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, the main part of the diet of the people was formed by
630:
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goes back to the prehistorical era. The oldest dated evidence of human settlement on the high plateau in the
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Aguazuque - evidencias de cazadores, recolectores y plantadores en la altiplanicie de la Cordillera Oriental
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983:. This is evidenced further by the discovery of mutilated and coloured skeletal remains in Aguazuque.
423:
3495:
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from the Guadalupe Group. The tools comprise various kinds of scrapers, knives, perforating tools,
268:
at an altitude of 2,600 metres (8,500 ft) above sea level. Aguazuque is just north of another
261:
76:
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3072:
2828:
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812:
dotting the Bogotá savanna, that originally were part of Lake Humboldt. Fish remains consisted of
280:. The artefacts found mostly belong to the preceramic period, and have been dated to 5025 to 2725
2720:
2526:
2444:
1968:
1958:
797:
303:
241:
61:
3108:
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937:. Species of mushrooms suggest their addition to the diet of the hunter-gatherers of Aguazuque.
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1627:
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306:
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Soacha, with the remains of 2200 people, more than 600 ceramic pots and various spindles and
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1989:
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at 12,500 years BP. Other early sites of inhabitation of the area have been discovered at
8:
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2004:
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Aguazuque is featured as one of the names appearing in the grand-strategy video game
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were common. Different from remains of similar age found on the Altiplano, such as
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460:, Cundinamarca. At this rock shelter on the northern edge of the Bogotá savanna,
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that is defined as from 800 BC to 800 AD. The period from 800 to 1537 AD, when
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284:(3000 to 700 BCE). Thus, the younger finds also pertain to the later ceramic
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2019:
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Archaeologists uncover remains of pre-Columbian village in central Colombia
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1643:: Fundación de Investigaciones Arqueológicas Nacionales, pp. 1–316
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In terms of species of flora, Aguazuque has provided evidence of early
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has been found in 73% of the individuals and other diseases such as
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Investigation of Aguazuque has been conducted since 1986, mainly by
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formed the main meat in the diet of the inhabitants of Aguazuque
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1994:
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2014:
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Other artefacts found were made of bones and shells, such as
602:
526:
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449:
2841:
641:
876:, fresh water oysters and fresh water crabs of the family
1824:
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Chronology of pre-Columbian periods: Herrera and Muisca
442:
history of inhabitation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense
309:
who published the results of his studies in the book
3568:
Archaeological sites of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense
1707:
1105:
589:
and various beds of volcanic ash. Fossil remains of
808:Fish was coming from the various lakes, rivers and
578:part of the Eastern Ranges with sandstones of the
3539:
1653:
1430:
1428:
1426:
248:. It exists of evidences of human settlement of
3573:Tourist attractions in Cundinamarca Department
1626:
1605:
1482:
1455:
1437:
1309:
1050:, on the right bank (north), just east of the
504:. Younger ceramic artefacts were found around
1840:
1693:
1423:
1330:
16:Pre-Columbian archaeological site in Colombia
3234:
3036:
1031:has provided an age of 3256 ± 196 years BP.
625:tools, coming from farther west, around the
414:Aguazuque and other preceramic sites on the
2709:
1227:
2433:
1847:
1833:
1700:
1686:
2086:
1245:
569:was performed using other pieces of chert
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1319:Dating of the Soacha Herrera Period site
1287:Largest Herrera Period village in Soacha
1081:
1041:
1037:
944:
651:
647:
560:
1207:Curriculum Vitae Gonzalo Correal Urrego
901:. Other plant remains were analysed as
264:close to the present-day course of the
3540:
424:Muisca Confederation § Prehistory
321:The site Aguazuque is named after the
272:archaeological site; the rock shelter
260:, the relatively flat highland of the
3233:
3023:
2708:
2432:
2085:
1868:
1828:
1681:
484:(8500 BP), with later settlements in
3024:
1236:
795:). Reptiles consisted of the turtle
252:and in the ultimate phase primitive
3563:Former populated places in Colombia
1138:List of Muisca and pre-Muisca sites
1046:Aguazuque is situated close to the
325:that was built west of the capital
225:located in the western part of the
13:
3553:Pre-Columbian archaeological sites
1612:Muisca names Europa Universalis IV
392:
14:
3594:
1593:Correal Urrego, 1990, pp. 256–264
1584:Correal Urrego, 1990, pp. 237–244
1542:Correal Urrego, 1990, pp. 198–222
1470:Correal Urrego, 1990, pp. 249–250
1269:Herrera Period evidence in Soacha
347:
37:
3558:Archaeological sites in Colombia
3522:
3521:
3196:Conquest of the Chibchan Nations
2194:
1747:
1709:Archaeological sites in Colombia
1639:(in Spanish), Bogotá, Colombia:
1533:Correal Urrego, 1990, pp.165–194
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346:
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36:
29:
3578:Tourist attractions near Bogotá
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1411:Correal Urrego, 1990, pp. 54–78
1405:
1402:Correal Urrego, 1990, pp. 35–53
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1387:
1378:
1369:
1360:
1351:
1025:Electron paramagnetic resonance
940:
858:). The invertebrates comprised
514:the Spanish conquered this area
162:76 m (820 sq ft)
3491:Archaeology Museum of Sogamoso
1298:
1277:
1259:
1218:
1197:
1179:
356:
276:and a few kilometres south of
256:. The site is situated on the
232:, close to the municipalities
1:
3171:Pedro Fernández de Valenzuela
1173:
456:, within the municipality of
332:
2897:Diego de Torres y Moyachoque
1602:Correal Urrego, 1990, p. 264
1575:Correal Urrego, 1990, p. 237
1551:Correal Urrego, 1990, p. 231
1515:Correal Urrego, 1990, p. 152
1506:Correal Urrego, 1990, p. 142
1497:Correal Urrego, 1990, p. 141
1488:Correal Urrego, 1990, p. 259
1479:Correal Urrego, 1990, p. 139
1452:Correal Urrego, 1990, p. 113
1443:Correal Urrego, 1990, p. 263
830:. Bird remains included the
596:
556:
316:
136:2,601 m (8,533 ft)
7:
3496:Archaeology Museum of Pasca
1524:Correal Urrego, 1990, p.153
1461:Correal Urrego, 1990, p.248
1434:Correal Urrego, 1990, p. 80
1420:Correal Urrego, 1990, p. 79
1393:Correal Urrego, 1990, p. 30
1384:Correal Urrego, 1990, p. 23
1375:Correal Urrego, 1990, p. 16
1366:Correal Urrego, 1990, p. 14
1357:Correal Urrego, 1990, p. 13
1224:Correal Urrego, 1990, p. 21
1101:
773:), western mountain coati (
329:in the early 17th century.
10:
3599:
3501:Metropolitan Museum of Art
3166:Ortún Velázquez de Velasco
3104:Bartolomé Camacho Zambrano
1990:Battle of Chocontá (~1490)
1869:
1854:
1233:Correal Urrego, 1990, p. 9
1058:
955:
681:). Other mammals included
662:
567:elaboration of stone tools
421:
238:San Antonio del Tequendama
3517:
3476:
3433:
3392:
3244:
3240:
3229:
3211:Battle of Tocarema (1538)
3188:
3161:Miguel HolguĂn y Figueroa
3086:
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3032:
3019:
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2185:Ubaté-Chiquinquirá Valley
2096:
2092:
2081:
2040:
1977:
1879:
1875:
1864:
1756:
1745:
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1189:La colonia vive en Canoas
873:Plekocheilus succionoides
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67:
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24:
3463:University of Pittsburgh
3458:Universidad La Javeriana
3453:Universidad de los Andes
3235:Research and collections
798:Kinosternon postinginale
262:Altiplano Cundiboyacense
77:Altiplano Cundiboyacense
45:Location within Colombia
3119:Hernán Venegas Carrillo
3094:Antonio DĂaz de Cardoso
2710:Caciques and neighbours
1985:Battle of Pasca (~1470)
1340:Official website Soacha
919:and various remains of
621:and more allochthonous
3206:Conquest of the Panche
3189:Neighbouring conquests
2434:Religion and mythology
1242:Groot de Mahecha, 1992
1056:
953:
867:Plekocheilus coloratus
679:Odocoileus virginianus
660:
570:
508:, the namesake of the
307:Gonzalo Correal Urrego
3068:Gonzalo Suárez Rendón
2087:Geography and history
1665:Banco de la RepĂşblica
1641:Banco de la RepĂşblica
1088:Europa Universalis IV
1082:Named after Aguazuque
1045:
1038:History of settlement
948:
885:Neostrengeria magropa
793:Tamandua tetradactyla
785:Didelphis marsupialis
699:nine-banded armadillo
655:
648:Flora, fauna and diet
591:Pleistocene megafauna
564:
3448:Universidad Nacional
3201:Conquest of the Muzo
3109:Gonzalo GarcĂa Zorro
2662:Mythological figures
2653:Monster of Lake Tota
2389:Muisca Confederation
1657:, Ana MarĂa (1992),
1565:Universidad Nacional
1053:Salto del Tequendama
965:Muisca mummification
958:Muisca mummification
904:Hieronyma macrocarpa
895:, based on seeds of
827:Grundulus bogotensis
707:white-lipped peccary
703:Dasypus novemcinctus
629:, provenance of the
537:is derived from the
411:class=notpageimage|
144:Open area settlement
117:4.60222°N 74.27639°W
3435:Research institutes
3176:Pedro RuĂz Corredor
1074:been discovered in
1061:Muisca architecture
815:Eremophilus mutisii
756:Agouti taczamawskii
293:pre-Columbian foods
223:archaeological site
221:is a pre-Columbian
113: /
21:
3156:MartĂn Yañéz Tafur
3124:Juan de AlbarracĂn
3099:Antonio de Lebrija
3078:Juan de San MartĂn
3063:Baltasar Maldonado
3053:Gonzalo de Quesada
2550:Goranchacha Temple
2204:Neighbouring areas
1757:Preceramic-ceramic
1630:, Gonzalo (1990),
1345:2016-02-13 at the
1324:2016-10-10 at the
1292:2016-06-25 at the
1212:2016-10-11 at the
1057:
954:
879:Pseudothelfhusidae
856:Amazona mercenaria
852:scaly-naped parrot
836:Penelope montagnii
821:Pygidium bogotense
727:Tremarctos ornatus
683:little red brocket
661:
571:
545:(with the Sun god
452:has been found in
323:Hacienda Aguazuque
209:Public access
122:4.60222; -74.27639
19:
3548:Andean preceramic
3535:
3534:
3513:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3359:Reichel-Dolmatoff
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3058:Hernán de Quesada
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2545:Cojines del Zaque
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2299:Piedras del Tunjo
2174:Flora & fauna
2077:
2076:
2073:
2072:
1822:
1821:
1160:Piedras del Tunjo
972:traces were found
916:Dioscorea trĂfida
789:collared anteater
776:Nasuella olivacea
767:ring-tailed coati
675:white-tailed deer
657:White-tailed deer
448:of the Colombian
383:Lake Herrera
270:Andean preceramic
216:
215:
176:Andean preceramic
3590:
3525:
3524:
3426:
3416:
3406:
3242:
3241:
3231:
3230:
3141:
3073:Juan de CĂ©spedes
3043:
3042:
3034:
3033:
3026:Spanish conquest
3021:
3020:
2981:Cariban-speaking
2920:Chibcha-speaking
2916:
2915:
2837:
2836:
2741:
2729:
2728:
2717:
2716:
2706:
2705:
2636:
2635:
2617:Tequendama Falls
2612:
2580:
2523:
2522:
2441:
2440:
2430:
2429:
2409:
2397:
2385:
2373:
2358:
2325:
2318:
2311:
2292:
2289:10,000 - 2800 BP
2269:
2252:
2243:
2231:
2230:
2198:
2186:
2157:
2094:
2093:
2083:
2082:
1954:
1877:
1876:
1866:
1865:
1858:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1826:
1825:
1799:Morro del Tulcán
1751:
1702:
1695:
1688:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1655:Groot de Mahecha
1650:
1649:
1648:
1638:
1615:
1609:
1603:
1600:
1594:
1591:
1585:
1582:
1576:
1573:
1567:
1558:
1552:
1549:
1543:
1540:
1534:
1531:
1525:
1522:
1516:
1513:
1507:
1504:
1498:
1495:
1489:
1486:
1480:
1477:
1471:
1468:
1462:
1459:
1453:
1450:
1444:
1441:
1435:
1432:
1421:
1418:
1412:
1409:
1403:
1400:
1394:
1391:
1385:
1382:
1376:
1373:
1367:
1364:
1358:
1355:
1349:
1338:
1334:
1328:
1317:
1313:
1307:
1302:
1296:
1285:
1281:
1275:
1267:
1263:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1243:
1240:
1234:
1231:
1225:
1222:
1216:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1187:
1183:
1132:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1118:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1001:osteoperiostitis
635:lithic reduction
480:(11,000 BP) and
402:
395:
394:
384:
377:
376:
366:
359:
358:
350:
349:
343:
250:hunter-gatherers
153:Pre-Muisca sites
128:
127:
125:
124:
123:
118:
114:
111:
110:
109:
106:
88:
86:
85:
40:
39:
33:
22:
18:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3538:
3537:
3536:
3531:
3505:
3472:
3429:
3424:
3414:
3404:
3388:
3236:
3217:
3180:
3139:
3082:
3028:
3003:
2975:
2953:Arawak-speaking
2947:
2901:
2879:
2819:
2797:
2768:
2759:Quemuenchatocha
2739:
2711:
2688:
2657:
2621:
2610:
2578:
2559:
2512:
2435:
2412:
2403:
2391:
2379:
2367:
2352:
2346:
2323:
2316:
2309:
2286:
2278:
2267:
2250:
2237:
2220:
2199:
2190:
2184:
2155:
2099:
2088:
2069:
2042:The Salt People
2036:
1973:
1952:
1871:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1823:
1818:
1752:
1743:
1711:
1706:
1670:
1668:
1667:, pp. 1–95
1646:
1644:
1636:
1623:
1618:
1610:
1606:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1579:
1574:
1570:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1510:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1492:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1406:
1401:
1397:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1361:
1356:
1352:
1347:Wayback Machine
1336:
1335:
1331:
1326:Wayback Machine
1315:
1314:
1310:
1303:
1299:
1294:Wayback Machine
1283:
1282:
1278:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1219:
1214:Wayback Machine
1203:
1202:
1198:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1128:
1123:
1121:
1116:Colombia portal
1114:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1092:playable nation
1084:
1063:
1040:
960:
943:
910:Oxalis tuberosa
861:Drymaeus gratus
801:and remains of
723:spectacled bear
715:crab-eating fox
695:Cavia porcellus
667:
650:
627:Magdalena River
599:
583:Guadalupe Group
580:Late Cretaceous
559:
541:words for Sun;
438:
420:
419:
418:
413:
407:
406:
405:
404:
400:
396:
388:
387:
386:
382:
378:
370:
369:
368:
364:
360:
352:
351:
335:
319:
121:
119:
115:
112:
107:
104:
102:
100:
99:
83:
81:
80:
75:
49:
48:
47:
46:
43:
42:
41:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3596:
3586:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3529:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3482:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3439:
3437:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3417:
3407:
3396:
3394:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3279:De Castellanos
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3250:
3248:
3238:
3237:
3227:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3203:
3198:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3151:MartĂn Galeano
3148:
3143:
3136:
3131:
3129:Juan del Junco
3126:
3121:
3116:
3114:Gonzalo MacĂas
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3049:
3047:
3040:
3030:
3029:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2985:
2983:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2957:
2955:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2924:
2922:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2899:
2893:
2891:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2851:
2849:
2834:
2825:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2811:
2809:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2790:
2784:
2782:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2745:
2743:
2726:
2713:
2712:
2702:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2642:
2640:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2614:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2575:
2569:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2531:
2529:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2449:
2447:
2437:
2436:
2426:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2398:
2386:
2374:
2361:
2359:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2320:
2313:
2306:
2301:
2295:
2293:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2246:
2244:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2150:Bogotá savanna
2147:
2146:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2104:
2102:
2100:Cundiboyacense
2090:
2089:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2046:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1883:
1881:
1873:
1872:
1862:
1861:
1852:
1851:
1844:
1837:
1829:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1804:Puerto Hormiga
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1774:Ciudad Perdida
1771:
1766:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1753:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1725:
1723:
1713:
1712:
1705:
1704:
1697:
1690:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1651:
1628:Correal Urrego
1622:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1604:
1595:
1586:
1577:
1568:
1553:
1544:
1535:
1526:
1517:
1508:
1499:
1490:
1481:
1472:
1463:
1454:
1445:
1436:
1422:
1413:
1404:
1395:
1386:
1377:
1368:
1359:
1350:
1329:
1308:
1297:
1276:
1258:
1244:
1235:
1226:
1217:
1196:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1168:Herrera Period
1153:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1130:History portal
1119:
1103:
1100:
1083:
1080:
1039:
1036:
997:treponematosis
989:Osteoarthritis
987:(63 in).
976:Tayassu pecari
942:
939:
898:Cucurbita pepo
781:common opossum
743:Felis concolor
735:Felis pardalis
719:Dusicyon thous
711:Tayassu pecari
665:Muisca cuisine
649:
646:
631:Central Ranges
598:
595:
558:
555:
510:Herrera Period
446:Eastern Ranges
436:Herrera Period
416:Bogotá savanna
409:
408:
398:
397:
390:
389:
380:
379:
372:
371:
362:
361:
354:
353:
345:
344:
338:
337:
336:
334:
331:
318:
315:
286:Herrera Period
258:Bogotá savanna
214:
213:
210:
206:
205:
200:
199:Archaeologists
196:
195:
191:
190:
187:
183:
182:
173:
169:
168:
164:
163:
160:
156:
155:
150:
146:
145:
142:
138:
137:
134:
130:
129:
97:
93:
92:
72:Bogotá savanna
69:
65:
64:
55:
51:
50:
44:
35:
34:
28:
27:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3595:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3528:
3520:
3519:
3516:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3486:Museo del Oro
3484:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3475:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3432:
3423:
3422:
3418:
3413:
3412:
3408:
3403:
3402:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3391:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3349:De Piedrahita
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3259:Acosta Samper
3257:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3232:
3228:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3146:Luis Lanchero
3144:
3142:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3085:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3038:Conquistadors
3035:
3031:
3027:
3022:
3018:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2978:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2950:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2860:Saguamanchica
2858:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2826:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2807:Tundama
2804:
2800:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2718:
2714:
2707:
2703:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2660:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2556:
2555:HunzahĂşa Well
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2515:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2431:
2427:
2407:
2402:
2401:Cabildo Mayor
2399:
2395:
2390:
2387:
2383:
2378:
2375:
2371:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2356:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2341:El Infiernito
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2321:
2319:
2314:
2312:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2285:
2281:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2251:Lake Humboldt
2248:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2240:<10,000 BP
2236:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2197:
2187:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2169:Eastern Hills
2167:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2153:
2152:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2123:Juan Amarillo
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2095:
2091:
2084:
2080:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1922:Mummification
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1850:
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1843:
1838:
1836:
1831:
1830:
1827:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1784:El Infiernito
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1755:
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1737:
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1727:
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1718:
1714:
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1703:
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1635:
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1608:
1599:
1590:
1581:
1572:
1566:
1563:- abstract -
1562:
1557:
1548:
1539:
1530:
1521:
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1503:
1494:
1485:
1476:
1467:
1458:
1449:
1440:
1431:
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1427:
1417:
1408:
1399:
1390:
1381:
1372:
1363:
1354:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1333:
1327:
1323:
1320:
1312:
1306:
1301:
1295:
1291:
1288:
1280:
1274:
1273:El Espectador
1270:
1262:
1256:
1248:
1239:
1230:
1221:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1200:
1194:
1190:
1182:
1178:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1141:
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1136:
1135:
1131:
1120:
1117:
1106:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1079:
1077:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1055:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
984:
982:
977:
973:
968:
966:
959:
951:
950:Stone mortars
947:
938:
936:
935:
930:
929:
924:
923:
918:
917:
912:
911:
906:
905:
900:
899:
894:
889:
887:
886:
881:
880:
875:
874:
869:
868:
863:
862:
857:
853:
849:
848:
843:
842:
837:
833:
829:
828:
823:
822:
817:
816:
811:
806:
804:
800:
799:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
777:
772:
768:
764:
763:
758:
757:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
687:Mazama rufina
684:
680:
676:
671:
666:
658:
654:
645:
643:
638:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
619:Villeta Group
616:
612:
608:
604:
594:
592:
588:
587:Lake Humboldt
584:
581:
577:
568:
563:
554:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
531:
529:
528:
521:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
476:(11,400 BP),
475:
471:
467:
466:chopper cores
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
437:
433:
429:
425:
417:
412:
403:
385:
367:
342:
330:
328:
324:
314:
312:
308:
305:
304:archaeologist
300:
296:
294:
289:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
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247:
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239:
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231:
228:
224:
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211:
207:
204:
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197:
192:
188:
184:
181:
177:
174:
170:
165:
161:
157:
154:
151:
147:
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139:
135:
131:
126:
98:
94:
91:
78:
73:
70:
66:
63:
59:
56:
52:
32:
23:
3419:
3409:
3399:
3393:Publications
3140:Lázaro Fonte
2884:
2840:
2830:
2802:
2773:
2764:Aquiminzaque
2732:
2722:
2645:
2518:Sacred sites
2453:Chiminigagua
2405:
2394:~1450 - 1540
2393:
2381:
2377:Early Muisca
2370:800 BC - 800
2369:
2354:
2339:
2335:Lake Herrera
2329:
2288:
2239:
2216:Tenza Valley
2211:Ocetá Páramo
2179:Suárez River
2108:Bogotá River
2024:
1892:Architecture
1814:Tierradentro
1779:Lake Herrera
1763:
1669:, retrieved
1659:
1645:, retrieved
1632:
1621:Bibliography
1607:
1598:
1589:
1580:
1571:
1556:
1547:
1538:
1529:
1520:
1511:
1502:
1493:
1484:
1475:
1466:
1457:
1448:
1439:
1416:
1407:
1398:
1389:
1380:
1371:
1362:
1353:
1337:(in Spanish)
1332:
1316:(in Spanish)
1311:
1300:
1284:(in Spanish)
1279:
1266:(in Spanish)
1261:
1252:(in Spanish)
1247:
1238:
1229:
1220:
1204:(in Spanish)
1199:
1186:(in Spanish)
1181:
1164:Lake Herrera
1085:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1051:
1048:Bogotá River
1047:
1033:
1029:tooth enamel
1005:osteoperosis
985:
975:
969:
961:
949:
941:Burial sites
932:
926:
922:Bromeliaceae
920:
914:
908:
902:
896:
890:
883:
877:
871:
865:
859:
855:
845:
839:
835:
825:
819:
813:
807:
796:
792:
784:
774:
770:
760:
754:
750:
747:lowland paca
742:
734:
726:
718:
710:
702:
694:
686:
678:
672:
668:
656:
639:
600:
572:
566:
550:
542:
534:
532:
525:
522:
506:Lake Herrera
470:carbon dated
439:
322:
320:
310:
301:
297:
290:
278:Lake Herrera
266:Bogotá River
242:Cundinamarca
227:municipality
218:
217:
149:Part of
62:Cundinamarca
3478:Collections
2679:Pacanchique
2669:Goranchacha
2540:Moon Temple
2503:Chibafruime
2010:Muisca raft
1887:Agriculture
1809:San AgustĂn
1717:Prehistoric
981:cannibalism
893:agriculture
882:, possibly
832:Andean guan
771:Nasua nasua
751:Agouti paca
691:guinea pigs
611:spokeshaves
549:) and man;
492:(3120 BP),
488:(3135 BP),
462:stone tools
120: /
96:Coordinates
3542:Categories
3411:El Carnero
3379:Uricoechea
3354:De Quesada
3134:Juan Tafur
2911:Neighbours
2870:Tisquesusa
2855:Meicuchuca
2535:Sun Temple
2508:Guahaioque
2493:Nencatacoa
2483:Chibchacum
2382:800 - 1200
2355:>800 BC
2274:Tequendama
2235:Prehistory
2156:Suba Hills
1932:Muysccubun
1739:Tequendama
1721:preceramic
1671:2016-07-08
1647:2016-07-08
1174:References
1143:Tequendama
1059:See also:
1017:Tequendama
956:See also:
762:Dasyprocta
663:See also:
576:anticlinal
539:Muysccubun
478:Tequendama
468:have been
432:Tequendama
422:See also:
401:Tequendama
333:Background
274:Tequendama
194:Site notes
108:74°16′35″W
3364:Schrimpff
3334:Langebaek
3329:Izquierdo
3274:Broadbent
3264:De Aguado
2865:Nemequene
2829:Southern
2721:Northern
2684:Thomagata
2674:Idacansás
2647:El Dorado
2631:Mythology
2585:Guatavita
2488:Cuchavira
2330:Aguazuque
2098:Altiplano
2050:Zipaquirá
1937:Mythology
1902:Astronomy
1764:Aguazuque
1193:El Tiempo
934:Gramineae
928:Rubiaceae
615:maceheads
597:Artefacts
557:Aguazuque
533:The name
458:Zipaquirá
317:Etymology
313:in 1990.
219:Aguazuque
105:4°36′08″N
20:Aguazuque
3527:Category
3324:Humboldt
3294:Duquesne
3246:Scholars
2889:Turmequé
2831:caciques
2793:Sugamuxi
2788:Nompanim
2749:HunzahĂşa
2723:caciques
2406:>2002
2351:Ceramic
2162:Wetlands
2143:Tunjuelo
2065:Sesquilé
2032:Zoratama
2005:Emeralds
1978:Specific
1959:Toponyms
1947:Religion
1942:Numerals
1907:Calendar
1789:Malagana
1614:- GitHub
1343:Archived
1322:Archived
1290:Archived
1210:Archived
1102:See also
993:syphilis
850:and the
841:Anatidae
810:wetlands
520:period.
486:Mosquera
246:Colombia
234:Mosquera
186:Cultures
133:Altitude
90:Colombia
54:Location
3421:EpĂtome
3401:ElegĂas
3339:De Lugo
3289:Correal
2999:Yarigui
2971:Guayupe
2961:Achagua
2933:Sutagao
2885:cacique
2815:Tundama
2803:cacique
2590:Iguaque
2573:FĂşquene
2565:Natural
2498:Chaquén
2478:Huitaca
2473:Bochica
2445:Deities
2365:Herrera
2324:Sáchica
2317:NemocĂłn
2310:Galindo
2257:El Abra
2226:History
2133:Teusacá
2055:NemocĂłn
1964:Warfare
1953:Society
1917:Economy
1912:Cuisine
1880:General
1729:El Abra
1156:El Abra
1094:of the
1090:in the
1076:ZipacĂłn
1013:NemocĂłn
1009:Gachalá
847:Ralidae
803:caimans
498:ZipacĂłn
454:El Abra
428:El Abra
254:farmers
203:Correal
189:Herrera
180:Herrera
172:Periods
167:History
3583:Soacha
3425:(1889)
3415:(1638)
3405:(1589)
3374:Triana
3344:Ocampo
3319:Hammen
3309:Gamboa
3304:Friede
3299:Freyle
3269:Arango
3254:Acosta
2989:Panche
2875:Sagipa
2847:Bacatá
2780:Suamox
2754:Michuá
2611:Ubaque
2600:Suesca
2595:Siecha
2579:Guasca
2458:Bachué
2304:Checua
2284:Lithic
2262:TibitĂł
2128:Soacha
1995:Chicha
1870:Topics
1857:Muisca
1769:Checua
1734:TibitĂł
1151:Checua
1147:TibitĂł
1096:Muisca
1021:caries
787:) and
731:ocelot
623:basalt
607:burins
535:Soacha
527:tunjos
518:Muisca
482:Checua
474:TibitĂł
434:, and
365:Checua
327:Bogotá
230:Soacha
87:
68:Region
58:Soacha
3443:ICANH
3384:Zerda
3369:SimĂłn
3314:Groot
3284:Celis
3087:Minor
3046:Major
2966:Tegua
2943:Lache
2938:Guane
2775:iraca
2740:Hunza
2734:zaque
2639:Myths
2527:Built
2268:Sueva
2138:Torca
2118:Fucha
2060:Tausa
2026:Tunjo
2015:Ruana
1969:Women
1927:Music
1794:MonsĂş
1637:(PDF)
642:beads
603:chert
502:Tausa
494:JunĂn
450:Andes
3468:UPTC
2994:Muzo
2928:U'wa
2842:zipa
2605:Tota
2463:ChĂa
2113:FrĂo
2020:Tejo
2000:Duit
1015:and
1003:and
931:and
824:and
739:puma
565:The
500:and
490:ChĂa
464:and
440:The
236:and
159:Area
141:Type
2887:of
2845:of
2805:of
2778:of
2737:of
2468:Sué
1897:Art
1027:of
838:),
779:),
753:),
745:),
737:),
729:),
721:),
713:),
705:),
697:),
689:),
551:chá
547:Sué
543:SĂşa
240:in
212:Yes
3544::
1663:,
1425:^
1271:-
1191:-
1166:,
1162:,
1158:,
1149:,
1145:,
1098:.
1023:.
1011:,
999:,
995:,
925:,
913:,
907:,
888:.
870:,
864:,
844:,
818:,
765:,
759:,
613:,
609:,
553:.
530:.
496:,
430:,
426:,
282:BP
244:,
60:,
2408:)
2404:(
2396:)
2392:(
2384:)
2380:(
2372:)
2368:(
2357:)
2353:(
2291:)
2287:(
2242:)
2238:(
1848:e
1841:t
1834:v
1719:-
1701:e
1694:t
1687:v
854:(
834:(
791:(
783:(
769:(
749:(
741:(
733:(
725:(
717:(
709:(
701:(
693:(
685:(
677:(
178:-
79:,
74:,
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