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himself by fighting the
Southern Pacific's grip on the city streetcar system. Sutro would have won on any ticket, and he was in fact elected by a landslide. It is clear however that his victory represented a non-partisan tribute to a very highly esteemed old man rather than a mass conversion to Populist principle: for while Sutro polled 50 percent of the city's vote, the Populist gubernatorial candidate, J. V. Webster, received only 11 percent, considerably less than his state-wide showing.
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392:. This occurred at the same time as city Supervisors granted tax-free status to "forested" lands within city limits. Small fragments of the forest still exist. The largest is at Mount Sutro, where 61 acres (25 ha) are the property of the University of California, San Francisco, and another 19 are property of the City of San Francisco.
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The Baths were saltwater and springwater pools, heated to varying degrees, and surrounded by a concert hall and museums stocked with treasures that Sutro had collected in his travels and from
Woodward's Gardens. The baths became very popular despite their remote location, across the open dunes to the
430:
Sutro was not exactly a
Populist, but he was enormously popular, and especially with workingmen since he was thought to have defended the honest miner of the Comstock against the "interests." More recently he had served San Francisco as philanthropist on the grand scale and especially had endeared
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In New York City in 1874, two brothers of Adolph Sutro, Ludwig and Hugo Sutro, established Sutro
Brothers, an enterprise for the manufacture of braids and similar articles, which in time grew to large proportions. Upon the incorporation, in 1888, the firm was renamed Sutro Brothers Braid Company.
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Rose
Victoria Sutro (1858–1942), who in 1887 married Count Pio Alberto Morbio (1849–1911). One of their daughters, Marguerite Helen Morbio (1890–1972), had been married from 1916 to 1919 to French Army aviator and nobleman, Count Anselme de Mailly-Châlon (1887–1929), great-grandson of
519:
Clara Angela Sutro (1867–1924), who, on
December 24, 1898, in Los Angeles, married Chicago attorney William John English (1845–1926), divorced him in 1912, and on July 7, 1915, in Paris, married Count Gilbert de Choiseul-Praslin (1882–1926), grandson of the French nobleman,
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leading the way for tunnel diggers" during the tunnel's construction. The tunnel was completed in 1878 and made Sutro "the King of
Comstock" because it could drain four million gallons of water daily and was rented by mine owners at an average of $ 10,000 a day.
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The Sutro Baths were segregated in the early years of their operation. In 1897, a black man named John Harris sued the Sutro Baths for refusing him entry because of his race. The case was tried in the San
Francisco Superior Court, which ruled in Harris' favor.
354:. Though the Baths were not opened until 1896, Sutro had been developing and marketing the project for years, attempting four separate times to insulate the site from waves using sea walls, the first three of which collapsed into the Pacific Ocean.
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Sutro managed a great increase in the value of his outlying land investments as a direct result of the development burst that his vacationers' railroad spawned. He also increased the value of his lands by planting his property at Mount Sutro with
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Leah filed for divorce from Adolph in 1879 and the two officially separated on July 3, 1880. Shortly after Adolph's death in 1898, Clara Louisa Kluge (1863–1943) claimed to be his widow by way of common law marriage. She retained attorney
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A fire destroyed the baths complex in 1966 and all that remains now are ruins. The fire was later determined to be arson. Developers, planning to turn the location into apartments, took their insurance money and left the property behind.
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Emma Sutro
Merritt was the daughter of Adolph Sutro, San Francisco's 24th mayor...There she met her future husband, George Washington Merritt. After spending time in Paris at the Ecole des Medicin, the couple was married in London in
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After a year of running the tunnel, Adolph moved back to San
Francisco. His brother Theodore Sutro took over the Sutro Tunnel Company. Theodore Sutro sold the Sutro Tunnel Company to Franklin Leonard, Sr., after Adolph's death.
209:), Sutro was the oldest of eleven children of Rosa (Warendorff) and Emanuel Sutro. He spent his youth working in his father's cloth factory and at school. After his father's death, he and one of his brothers, Sali
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Sutro's wealth was increased by large real estate investments in San Francisco, where he became an entrepreneur and public figure after returning from the Comstock in 1879. These land investments included
925:
274:, who originally agreed to finance the project but later rescinded the offer. Over time, Sutro found other investors, including miners in the area. Sutro won miners's support after a disaster at the
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Cousins of Adolph Sutro, Charles and Gustav Sutro, founded Sutro & Company, a stockbroking company, in San Francisco in 1858. Sutro & Co. stayed independent until 1986 when it was bought by
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The wedding of Miss Clara Sutro, daughter of the late Adolph Sutro, to William J. English, will be solemnized at Los Angeles this afternoon by Bishop Montgomery of the Roman Catholic Church.
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became a skating rink and then was destroyed by a fire in 1966. The ruins of the baths (mostly the concrete foundations) are just north of the Cliff House. They are part of the
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Many of Sutro's gifts to the city of San Francisco still exist and bear his name, such as Mount Sutro, originally Mount Parnassus (a lower hill nearby is the location of the
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west of the populated areas of the city. This popularity was partly due to the low entry fee for visiting the Baths and riding the excursion railroad he built to reach them.
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with plans to continue selling cigars. He soon devised a concept for a tunnel to drain water from the mines and eliminate the threat of flooding. This concept became the
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698:"The History and Significance of the Adolph Sutro Historic District excerpts from the National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form prepared in 2000"
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At the time of his death, in 1898, his fortune was extensive and his legal affairs in disarray. As a result, his heirs fought bitterly over his holdings.
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for various astute acts of public generosity, such as opening an aquarium and an elaborate and beautiful, glass-enclosed entertainment complex called
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and arrived in San Francisco on November 21, 1851. Adolph held a number of positions in San Francisco and eventually owned several tobacco shops.
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Sutro was quickly considered a failed mayor, ill-suited for political work, and did not provide any popularity boost to the Populist party.
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on April 7, 1869, allowing him to lobby the Miner's Union in support of the Sutro Tunnel and begin construction on October 19, 1869.
173:(April 29, 1830 – August 8, 1898) was a German-American engineer, politician and philanthropist who served as the 24th mayor of
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to draft him to run for mayor on their ticket. He won on an anti-big business platform, inveighing against the tight grip that the
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555:(1833–1896), was an organist, conductor, and minor composer who was prominent in music in Baltimore, Maryland. Otto's daughters,
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The actor Robert Argent played Sutro in the 1957 episode (season 5, episode 17), "The Man Who Was Never Licked" of the TV show
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Samuel Benjamin Dinkelspiel; 1889–1974), Stanford University Press (©1947, 1949, 1955; © renewed 1975, 1977, 1983, 1992);
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Sutro's reputation as a provider of diversions and culture for the average person led the politically weak and radical
1326:"Charles W. Sutro, 71, Financier, Is Dead; Son of Ex-San Francisco Mayor and Owner of Cliff House-Last Head of Family"
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2002:
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Adolph Newton Sutro (1891–1981), who, in January 1926 in San Bernardino, married Olive Woodward Waibel (1901–1979)
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In 1865 Sutro incorporated the Sutro Tunnel Company and was granted an exclusive charter to build the tunnel by the
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2007:
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538:(1849–1902) and prevailed in securing financial support for her two children that she claimed Adolph had fathered:
2012:
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in J. Paul Leonard Library at San Francisco State University in San Francisco, houses Adolph Sutro's impressive
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1467:"Fading Glory / Venerable name in finance is about to disappear as Sutro & Co. is bought by Canadian bank"
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In 1894, Sutro, in preparation for the opening of the Cliff House, bought a large part of the collection of
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Emma Laura Sutro, MD (1855–1938), who on March 27, 1883, married George Washington Merritt, MD (1855–1928)
189:. Several places in San Francisco bear his name in remembrance of his life and contributions to the city.
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in Berkeley, California has a large collection of papers relating to Adolph Sutro and the Sutro Tunnel.
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Finding aid for the Adolph Sutro collection located at the Sutro Library, San Francisco, California
664:"Historic photos capture former glory of Adolph Sutro's once-grand San Francisco west end compound"
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Saxton, Alexander (1965). "San Francisco Labor and the Populist and Progressive Insurgencies".
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Adolph Sutro & Ladies of National Medical Convention inside the Sutro Baths, June 8, 1894
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1380:"Mrs. Clara Kluge-Sutro Secures Recognition of Her Children's Claim to Part of the Estate,"
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LIFE AND DEATH OF GUSTAV SUTRO, San Francisco Call, Volume 81, Number 103, 13 March 1897
570:(née Florence Edith Clinton; 1865–1906), a musician, painter, and founding president of
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Adolphine Charlotte Sutro (1892–1974), who married Elliott Lazier Fullerton (1885–1932)
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Photographs of Sutro Heights, Adolph Sutro's estate, taken by I.W. Taber, 1886
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Another brother, Theodore Sutro (1845–1927), a New York City lawyer, married
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In 1854, Sutro married Leah Harris (1832–1893). They had seven children:
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Farms, Fire and Forest: Adolph Sutro and Development "West of Twin Peaks
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in 1866. The project encountered financial difficulties, due in part to
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524:(1805–1847), and son of Marie Elizabeth Forbes (1850–1932) – sister of
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1932:
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510:, anatomy scholar and Professor of Biology at the University of Bonn
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Kate Sutro (1862–1913), who married Moritz Nussbaum (1850–1915), an
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had over local businesses. According to historian Alexander Saxton:
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In 1860, Sutro left San Francisco for Virginia City, Nevada after
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Emanuel Sali Sutro; 1827–1908), began running the cloth factory.
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Sutro opened his own estate to the public and was heralded as a
1952:
563:(1872–1970), were an internationally acclaimed piano-duo team.
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caused the family to leave for America in 1850 and settle in
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Magnes Western Jewish History Center, Berkeley, California
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to form Tucker Anthony Sutro, which in turn was bought by
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864:"Crazy Sutro: Engineer with tunnel vision – Tahoe Weekly"
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American Jerusalem: Jews and the Making of San Francisco
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American Historical Society, Inc. (1919), pps. 91–94;
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Burials at Home of Peace Cemetery (Colma, California)
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1384:Vol. 72, No. 115, April 25, 1901, p. 1 (accessible
1356:"Edgar Sutro Secretly Weds a Beautiful Cloak Model"
1007:
Part 2: "The Comstock, the Railroad, and Champaign"
619:, a powerful, 19th-century California businessman.
1107:"John Harris Sues Adolph Sutro for Discrimination"
894:"Legacy of tunnel shared with local history buffs"
756:
1984:
1622:Adolph Sutro bio @ Western Neighborhoods Project
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528:(1849–1920). Clara and Gilbert divorced in 1921.
331:, which was called "Blue Mountain" at the time.
1208:Adolph Sutro: A Brief Story of a Brilliant Life
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2068:Jewish American people in California politics
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16:24th Mayor of San Francisco from 1895 to 1897
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1684:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography
1239:Hountalas, Mary Germain (August 11, 2009).
1205:Holmes, Eugenia Kellogg (August 18, 2017).
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805:August 9, 1898 (retrieved August 17, 2018,
790:Death Claims Adolph Sutro, Philanthropist,"
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1661:Sutro-related discussions on greenspun.com
1176:"Crazy Sutro: Engineer with tunnel vision"
1173:
1076:"Woodward's Gardens comes to life in book"
938:July 16, 1866 (retrieved August 17, 2018,
572:National Federation of Women's Music Clubs
301:
141:Home of Peace Cemetery (Colma, California)
58:January 7, 1895 – January 3, 1897
31:
1533:Robert E. Stewart, Jr. and M.F. Stewart:
1299:. San Francisco Call. December 25, 1898.
1238:
285:Samuel Benjamin Dinkelspiel; 1889–1974),
1406:. San Francisco Call. January 20, 1896.
1297:"Miss Clara Sutro Will Be Married Today"
1104:
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2018:Prussian emigrants to the United States
1049:"Silver State Sights: The Sutro Tunnel"
944:California Digital Newspaper Collection
811:California Digital Newspaper Collection
404:
2033:American businesspeople in real estate
1985:
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583:John Hancock Mutual Life Insurance Co.
281:According to historian Samuel Dickson
2063:19th-century American philanthropists
1695:
1678:"Sutro, Adolph Heinrich Joseph"
1593:(written about the time of his death)
1358:. San Francisco Call. March 5, 1907.
1086:from the original on January 21, 2022
1019:Book II: "San Francisco Kaleidoscope"
841:from the original on December 9, 2018
832:
574:on September 18, 1884, in Manhattan.
2078:19th-century American businesspeople
1597:Newitz, Annalee (January 13, 1999).
1498:from the original on August 31, 2021
1432:American Biography, A New Cyclopedia
1074:Hartlaub, Peter (October 29, 2012).
1055:from the original on August 17, 2018
1004:Book I: "San Francisco is Your Home"
858:
856:
763:American Biography: A New Cyclopedia
691:
689:
674:from the original on August 17, 2018
455:Golden Gate National Recreation Area
413:
1269:. The New Fillmore. June 28, 2016.
904:from the original on March 15, 2022
833:Brand, Gregor (September 2, 2015).
695:
13:
1666:Cliff House Historical information
1527:
1465:Sinton, Peter (October 14, 2001).
1174:McLaughlin, Mark (June 15, 2016).
1105:Ellinson, Elaine (April 4, 2018).
710:from the original on July 31, 2017
596:
357:In 1896, Adolph Sutro built a new
289:Sutro set off blasts of dynamite,
14:
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2053:19th-century American politicians
1563:
1523:(Stanford University Press, 1957)
1488:"The Man Who Was Never Licked on
1046:
853:
686:
503:Gustav Emmanuel Sutro (1859–1864)
1971:
1731:
1655:Guide to the Adolph Sutro Papers
1429:Cutter, William Richard (1919).
1410:from the original on May 6, 2018
1362:from the original on May 6, 2018
1336:from the original on May 6, 2018
1303:from the original on May 6, 2018
1273:from the original on May 6, 2018
1186:from the original on May 6, 2018
874:from the original on May 6, 2018
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615:was cast in the same episode as
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513:Charles Walter Sutro (1864–1936)
468:
1605:. San Francisco. Archived from
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1422:
1245:. Ten Speed Press. p. 59.
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743:National Center for Jewish Film
731:(transcribed text from a DVD),
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207:North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
132:San Francisco, California, U.S.
2038:American mining businesspeople
1570:Works by or about Adolph Sutro
1211:. Andesite Press. p. 22.
1026:"Ralston and the Subtreasury,"
886:
826:
656:
516:Edgar Ernest Sutro (1866–1922)
224:. Soon after, Adolph left for
1:
1542:Western Jewish History Center
1242:The San Francisco Cliff House
1021:Part 2: "The Adolescent City"
1015:pps. 85–92 ("Ralson on p. 87)
650:
637:San Francisco Bay Area portal
319:, Land's End (the area where
192:
177:from 1895 until 1897. Born a
1494:. Internet Movie Data Base.
171:Adolph Heinrich Joseph Sutro
100:Adolph Heinrich Joseph Sutro
7:
1599:"In search of Adolph Sutro"
771:"Sutro, Frederick Charles,"
733:"Adolph Sutro (1830–1898),"
622:
522:Charles de Choiseul-Praslin
197:Born to a Jewish family in
10:
2099:
1603:San Francisco Bay Guardian
1537:, Howell-North Books, 1962
218:Prussian rebellion in 1848
185:and made a fortune at the
2058:Engineers from California
2028:American mining engineers
1969:
1738:
1729:
1639:February 4, 2012, at the
1627:February 4, 2012, at the
1535:Adolph Sutro: A Biography
1435:. Vol. 5. p. 92
1267:"Moved from Union Square"
1133:Pacific Historical Review
753:(retrieved June 19, 2015)
585:There it was merged with
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445:), and Sutro Heights and
424:Southern Pacific Railroad
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2023:19th-century German Jews
2003:History of San Francisco
1589:August 13, 2004, at the
1393:; subscription required)
928:August 17, 2018, at the
923:"The Sutro Tunnel Bill,"
795:August 17, 2018, at the
396:Segregation at the baths
2043:Politicians from Aachen
2008:Mayors of San Francisco
1723:Mayors of San Francisco
1657:at The Bancroft Library
1382:San Francisco Examiner,
668:San Francisco Chronicle
476:Adrien Augustin Almaric
302:Estate, baths, and home
2013:Jewish American mayors
1848:George Henry Sanderson
1546:Judah L. Magnes Museum
1521:Tales of San Francisco
974:Tales of San Francisco
767:William Richard Cutter
738:June 18, 2015, at the
526:Henry de Courcy Forbes
433:
376:
339:
311:
244:
46:Mayor of San Francisco
1878:Edward Robeson Taylor
1823:Andrew Jackson Bryant
1788:Henry F. Teschemacher
1404:"Death of Otto Sutro"
1002:(re: "Bill Ralston")
934:Daily Alta California
670:. November 17, 2016.
551:A brother of Adolph,
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374:
337:
309:
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183:Virginia City, Nevada
2048:California Populists
1783:Ephraim Willard Burr
1768:Stephen Palfrey Webb
1650:The Bancroft Library
1584:Adolph Sutro's story
1557:rare book collection
1032:"Asbury Harpending,"
898:Reno Gazette Journal
591:Royal Bank of Canada
508:allopathic physician
405:Destruction of baths
338:Sutro in his library
1893:Angelo Joseph Rossi
1853:Levi Richard Ellert
1838:Washington Bartlett
1833:Maurice Carey Blake
1828:Isaac Smith Kalloch
769:(1847–1918) (ed.),
270:(1826–1875) of the
69:Levi Richard Ellert
1908:George Christopher
1803:Thomas Henry Selby
1758:Charles J. Brenham
1748:Charles J. Brenham
1332:. April 27, 1936.
1330:The New York Times
978:by Samuel Dickson
801:San Francisco Call
447:Sutro Heights Park
377:
366:Woodward's Gardens
340:
312:
276:Yellow Jacket Mine
272:Bank of California
245:
201:, Rhine Province,
1980:
1979:
1753:Stephen R. Harris
1609:on April 27, 1999
1490:Death Valley Days
1000:978-0-8047-2097-7
870:. June 15, 2016.
604:Death Valley Days
414:Mayor (1894–1896)
251:was found in the
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1928:Dianne Feinstein
1778:George J. Whelan
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1574:Internet Archive
1519:Samuel Dickson,
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559:(1870–1957) and
557:Rose Laura Sutro
388:of fast-growing
327:are today), and
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91:Personal details
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1913:John F. Shelley
1863:James D. Phelan
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1641:Wayback Machine
1629:Wayback Machine
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1591:Wayback Machine
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1528:Further reading
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1963:London Breed
1958:Mark Farrell
1948:Gavin Newsom
1943:Willie Brown
1938:Frank Jordan
1898:Roger Lapham
1858:Adolph Sutro
1857:
1682:
1611:. Retrieved
1607:the original
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1514:Bibliography
1500:. Retrieved
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1180:Tahoe Weekly
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1047:Deach, Ben.
1042:
1030:Chapter 11:
1028:pps. 349–358
1024:Chapter 10:
1011:Chapter 11:
979:
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868:Tahoe Weekly
867:
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257:Sutro Tunnel
246:
242:Sutro Tunnel
240:Entrance to
232:Sutro Tunnel
215:
210:
196:
170:
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128:(1898-08-08)
76:Succeeded by
53:
25:Adolph Sutro
18:
1998:1898 deaths
1993:1830 births
1888:James Rolph
1472:November 5,
1439:November 4,
451:Sutro Baths
443:Sutro Tower
375:Sutro House
359:Cliff House
348:Sutro Baths
325:Cliff House
317:Mount Sutro
160:Businessman
64:Preceded by
1987:Categories
1813:James Otis
1502:August 25,
1059:August 17,
988:1069286963
908:August 17,
878:August 17,
845:August 17,
765:(Vol. 5),
751:1001900907
714:August 17,
678:August 17,
651:References
553:Otto Sutro
390:eucalyptus
226:California
193:Early life
179:German Jew
157:Profession
106:1830-04-29
1933:Art Agnos
1153:0030-8684
1116:April 26,
1090:March 15,
593:in 2001.
222:Baltimore
54:In office
44:24th
1637:Archived
1625:Archived
1587:Archived
1496:Archived
1408:Archived
1360:Archived
1334:Archived
1301:Archived
1271:Archived
1224:April 6,
1184:Archived
1084:Archived
1053:Archived
926:Archived
902:Archived
872:Archived
839:Archived
793:Archived
779:29656824
745:(2013);
736:Archived
705:Archived
672:Archived
623:See also
491:Haucourt
386:saplings
344:populist
323:and the
151:People's
1687:. 1889.
1572:at the
1544:of the
1161:3636353
350:in the
205:(today
203:Prussia
117:Prussia
1953:Ed Lee
1414:May 5,
1366:May 5,
1340:May 5,
1307:May 5,
1277:May 5,
1249:
1215:
1190:May 5,
1159:
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1080:SFGATE
1034:p. 359
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499:Orange
487:Mailly
461:Family
287:" ...
249:silver
199:Aachen
113:Aachen
1284:1883.
1157:JSTOR
708:(PDF)
701:(PDF)
495:Nesle
483:Count
1615:2016
1551:The
1540:The
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1441:2022
1416:2018
1368:2018
1342:2018
1309:2018
1279:2018
1247:ISBN
1226:2021
1213:ISBN
1192:2018
1149:ISSN
1118:2023
1092:2022
1061:2018
992:ISBN
984:OCLC
953:.edu
951:.ucr
949:cdnc
942:the
910:2018
880:2018
847:2018
820:.edu
818:.ucr
816:cdnc
809:the
775:OCLC
747:OCLC
716:2018
680:2018
493:and
479:(fr)
291:...
216:The
123:Died
96:Born
1386:via
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283:(né
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104:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
