882:, who reached and besieged Bijapur, but was ultimately unsuccessful. The greatest threat to Bijapur's security was, from the late 16th century, the expansion of the Mughal Empire into the Deccan. Various agreements and treaties imposed Mughal suzerainty on the Adil Shahs, by stages, until Bijapur's forced recognition of Mughal authority in 1636 from another invasion, forcing them to pay tribute to the Mughal emperor. As a reward for this gesture, the recent Mughal conquest of Ahmednagar was partitioned between the two states. It was after this humiliation of recognizing Mughal suzerainty, however, that Bijapur reached its territorial peak, when it stretched from the
859:
of influence such that the latter was let to conquer the Berar
Sultanate, provided the Adil Shahis could expand southwards into the territory of the decaying Vijayanagara Empire without the hindrance of the Nizam Shahis. However, as Bidar did not fall under either of these spheres of influence, Malik Ambar, then de facto ruler of Ahmednagar, grew irate, and invaded Bijapur, reaching the capital relatively unopposed, but later withdrew. The sultan, in addition to his work on Nauraspur, constructed many architectural works near Bijapur which composed the
526:. The greatest threat to Bijapur's security was, from the late 16th century, the expansion of the Mughal Empire into the Deccan. Although it was the case that the Mughals destroyed the Adilshahi, it was Shivaji's revolt which weakened the Adilshahi control. Various agreements and treaties imposed Mughal suzerainty on the Adil Shahs, by stages, until Bijapur's formal recognition of Mughal authority in 1636. The demands of their Mughal overlords sapped the Adil Shahs of their wealth until the Mughal conquest of Bijapur in 1686.
535:
944:, the last Adil Shahi sultan, ruled next for fourteen troublesome years. His reign saw multiple civil wars and much internal strife and unrest, particularly over who should be his regent, as he was only four at the time of his accession. Khawas Khan, Sikandar Adil Shah's initial regent and leader of the Deccani faction, was the same as Muhammad's during his regency, but was quickly removed from power. Shivaji formally founded an independent Maratha Kingdom, which went on to become the
49:
804:
667:; though initially successful and having an artillery advantage, the first appearance of which in a South Asian battle, Ismail was routed by the Vijayanagara forces in a surprise counter-attack and much of his forces were scattered. The battle contained a contingent of Portuguese mercenaries, which were opposed to the Adil Shahis following their encounters a decade prior. Not long after Ismail's retreat, Krishnadevaraya captured the fort of
1187:
992:
778:, the Raichur Doab, and the surrounding area were returned to Bijapur. The Vijayanagara military was demolished, and the power of the kingdom had been significantly diminished from the effects of the battle and as such was a shell of its former self. Another conflict between Ahmednagar and Bijapur arose in 1567; Ali invaded the former and his forces occupied multiple forts, but the war ended up inconclusive. In 1570, a
712:, but did not seize any territory in the long-term and returned home only with non-territorial rewards. In another conflict with the Portuguese, Ibrahim was forced to cede two ports in the fear that trade through Goa might be cut off from the Adil Shahis. His kingdom was invaded four times by the forces of the Ahmednagar Sultanate in his reign, who were the Sultanate's greatest adversary; Sultan
1887:
918:, multiple other forts, and reached Bijapur, though were forced to retreat before they could lay siege to the city; Aurangzeb was nevertheless able to annex much of the occupied territory, including Bidar. The stability of the Bijapur Sultante was again affected by further troubles with the Marathas, who persisted with raids and rebellions.
729:
freedom to expand in the territory of Bidar provided
Bijapur could have the same freedom to annex lands from Vijayanagara; thus Ibrahim imprisoned Ali Barid Shahi of Bidar despite their former alliance, though he was later freed by Jamsheed out of his yearning for a buffer state in the Deccan. Burhan Nizam Shah four times laid siege to
762:
by Ali, but his forces voluntarily raised the siege; Hussain too was forced to abandon his siege of
Kaliyani, and the only profiteer of the conflict was Vijayanagara, who gained territory from an invasion of Golconda. Vijayanagara additionally gained land from Bijapur through persuasion; this included the cities of
948:, in 1674, and by then had de facto control over much of the Adil Shahis' original territory in the Deccan. He after this undid almost all of the southern Bijapuri conquests, and annexed this territory into his own state, including the recently captured Tanjore. On 12 September 1686, the Mughal armies under
2968:
The official language of the court at Bījāpūr during the ʿĀdelšāhī period and until the end of Mughal rule in 1274/1858 was
Persian. Indeed, Yūsof ʿĀdelšāh (895–916/1489–1510) and his son Esmāʿīl themselves wrote poetry in Persian, Esmāʿīl under the pen name Wafāʾī. The ʿĀdelšāhīs established Shiʿism
858:
of western India. Bijapur, under
Ibrahim II, conquered the neighbouring Bidar Sultanate in 1619, although effective control over the state had been achieved as early as 1580. This was preceded by an agreement between the rulers of Bijapur and the Ahmednagar Sultanate, where they divided their spheres
707:
succeeded Mallu as the son of Ismail the same year. He reestablished the state religion as
Sunnism, and made drastic anti-Westerner court changes by abolishing the use of the Persian language in certain administrative tasks, though retaining it as the official language of the Sultanate and expelling
840:
of
Ahmednagar. In 1597, despite their past quarrels, the Adil Shahis formed an alliance with Ahmednagar and Golconda to deter further Mughal advance in the Deccan, who had recently conquered Berar from Ahmednagar. Their alliance, led under a Bijapuri general, was defeated in their attempts to defeat
761:
and other cities in the kingdom. Hussain sued for peace in 1561, and in return was forced to submit to Rama Raya and return
Kaliyani to Ali Adil Shah. In 1563 Hussain attempted to regain Kaliyani and again laid siege to it. Another conflict ensued with the same belligerents; Ahmednagar was besieged
890:
through continued southern conquests. The
Sultanate of Bijapur would come however into rapid political and general decline halfway through Muhammad's reign, primarily due to the strain in relations with nobles and landholders, many of whom later deserted to work for the Mughal bureaucracy, and the
728:
of Berar. The war comprised numerous invasions by the belligerents of their opponents' states, and was a defeat for the
Bijapuri–Bidar side, who were forced to cede one of the northern districts of the Bijapur Sultanate to Ahmednagar. Burhan and Ibrahim agreed to a policy of allowing Ahmednagar
599:'s son. Yusuf and Malik Hasan were the leaders of the opposing factions of Bahmani nobility of the foreigners and Deccanis, and were enemies. In 1490, Yusuf took advantage of the decline of Bahmani power to establish himself as an independent sultan at Bijapur, initially by the invitation of
683:
attempted to intervene in the conflict to seek mediation, but was unsuccessful. Amir Barid, in exchange for his life following his capture, gave up the fort of Bidar, which was subsequently looted by Ismail and his troops. Another campaign the following year saw Ismail recapture Raichur and
733:
throughout these conflicts, but did not successfully retain it until a third invasion, where territory on the southern border was additionally occupied. Burhan advanced in a fourth invasion in 1553 with Vijayanagara almost to the Bijapuri capital, but retreated due to his failing health.
826:
was set on the throne, then only nine years of age in 1580. Control of the regency was constantly fought over in the years following his accession; there were many years when his regent was the influential Kamal Khan, while later in his minority absolute control was wielded by the
831:
Dilawar Khan, who reverted the official sect of the sultanate back to Sunni Islam, the final change in creed the state would undergo. Dilawar's supremacy ended with his disposition by Ibrahim II in 1590. Ibrahim's ensuing unhindered rule was one of prosperity and patronage;
782:
began in the hopes of expelling them completely from India; this did not go according to plan, however, and Ali was defeated after multiple encounters in 1571. He subsequently annexed more land from Vijayanagara in a campaign lasting until 1575, in which he conquered
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in 1534, whose reign was short-lived. He was installed by a prominent Bijapuri noble and is noted for his lack of competence. His indifference to taking care of the responsibilities of his role as sultan led Vijayanagara to invade the Sultanate and seize the
903:
commander in the service of Mohammed Adil Shah who had been employed in the Karnatak campaigns. Muhammad Adil Shah died in 1656, though was effectively powerless in the last decade of his life from a paralyzing illness which first affected him in 1646.
654:
it soon after Ismail's accession in 1510; Ismail retook the settlement two months later, however, but the Portuguese again conquered it in November of that year. In 1514 a dispute over Gulbaraga province led the rulers of the Ahmednagar, Golconda, and
748:
and Kaliyani, both of which had been taken from the Sultanate in past Ahmednagari invasions, given the domestic and foreign strife Ahmednagar had been facing, but was declined. He subsequently invaded the Nizam Shahi kingdom, with assistance from
1068:, the aspects of Adil Shahi architecture evolved to focus on intricate carvings and detail; this is seen in one mosque built by the sultan in 1586, the Malika Jahan Begum mosque. His most notable commissioned work though was the eponymous
688:
from Vijayanagara, whose monarch Krishnadevaraya had recently died. Amir Barid, as he was present at the engagement, there agreed with Ismail to cede him the forts of Kalyani and Qandhar in exchange for Ismail's relinquishment of Bidar.
770:. Wary of the growing power of Vijayanagara, Ali aligned his forces with the Sultans of Golconda, Ahmednagar and Bidar, despite their past conflicts, and together brought down the Vijayanagara Empire in 1565 in the decisive
1134:
in style; in contrast to North Indian contemporary painting, it almost never depicted events and scenes of war, and rather focused on atmospheres and picturesque fantasies and dreams, straying away from logic in general.
849:
in 1599, three kilometers west of Bijapur as a planned great center of learning and art as a garden and palace city, but it was never fully completed and was destroyed in 1624. In 1618, the sultan lost the fortress of
799:
writes that his "armies destroyed two to three hundred Hindu temples" and that he replaced many of these with Shia religious buildings. These campaigns in the Karnatak lasted until the mid seventeenth century.
1014:, influenced by that of the Middle East. Adil Shahi architecture was of high sculptrual quality, attained through its localized and unique nature. Characteristic of Adil Shahi architecture was large domes and
869:
succeeded his father Ibrahim II in 1627. Under Muhammad's reign, the Sultanate of Bijapur reached its peak, territorially and in power and economic prosperity. He created his own mausoleum in Bijapur, the
386:, and would shift his sole governorship to be that of Bijapur. In 1490, he would create a de facto independent Bijapur state, before becoming formally independent with the Bahmanis' collapse in 1518.
708:
many of the Westernerns and replacing them with the opposing faction, the Deccanis. Ibrahim also invaded the Vijayanagara Empire in his reign; he pillaged multiple cities and besieged their capital,
638:
was still a boy. Ismail's regent at the time, Kamal Khan, staged a coup against him, but was unsuccessful and was killed. Ismail thus became the full ruler of Bijapur. A colonial expedition of the
671:. A later diplomatic conflict saw Krishnadevaraya occupy the capital of Bijapur for an extended period through the sultan's insistence to not see the emperor. Ismail invaded the territory of
836:
thrived under his reign, with its adherents and many people of talent flocking to Bijapur. In 1594, Ibrahim suppressed a rebellion of his brother Ismail, who had been aided in his efforts by
2166:, were a faction within the Deccani and Bahmani courts which included anyone not native to the subcontinent (hence "west" of it), and were typically Persian-speaking and of the Shi'a faith.
1084:
and a massive dome, the largest in the Islamic world upon its near-completion upon Muhammad's death in 1656. The last main Adil Shahi architectural project was the unfinished mausoleum of
3757:
2130:. 'Khan', meaning 'Chief' in various Central Asian cultures and adopted in Persian, conferred a lower status than 'Shah', indicating royal rank. Only with the rule of Yusuf's grandson,
841:
the Mughal forces despite outnumbering them three to one. Ahmednagar fully fell to Mughal sovereignty in 1600, but Ibrahim continued to support the later successful revival efforts of
355:, the collective name of the five successor states of the Bahmani Sultanate. At its peak, the Sultanate of Bijapur was one of the most powerful states in South Asia, second to the
774:. Rama Raya was beheaded after being captured by the Deccani side, and Vijayanagara and nearby cities were sacked and looted, the former city for a period of five to six months.
663:. The siege would continue for three months until the emperor's encounter with Ismail, who attempted to relieve the siege. Ismail was defeated by Krishnadevaraya there in the
659:
Sultanates to invade the provinces of Ismail Adil Shah, but they were deterred and Ismail emerged victorious. In 1520, Krishnadevaraya laid siege to the Bijapuri fort of
510:
Incessant conflicts with the Sultanate's neighbours curtailed the development of the Bijapur state. The Deccan sultanates allied to achieve victory over Vijayanagara at
615:; after which became the first time he proclaimed Shia Islam to be the official religion of his territorial holdings. He married Punji, the sister of a Maratha Raja of
293:
279:
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Chapter on "Persian Literature in Bijapur Sultanate" in The Rise, Growth And Decline of Indo-Persian Literature by R.M. Chopra, Iran Culture House, New Delhi, 2012.
389:
The Bijapur Sultanate's borders changed considerably throughout its history. Its northern boundary remained relatively stable, straddling contemporary Southern
4498:
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The Adil Shahi rulers of Bijapur used written Marathi for local government, including revenue collection and judicial matters, as did the Nizam Shahis.
930:
with Shivaji. Despite further Maratha advances in the north, Ali continued his southern campaigns in the Karnatak and Carnatic, in which he captured
48:
980:
1162:, after entering Ibrahim's service in 1604 and gaining his trust, on the sultan's suggestion wrote his history of the medieval Deccan, the
2063:
922:, a Bijapuri general, was sent to subdue Shivaji in 1659, but his expedition ended a disaster, as he was murdered and his home fort of
2034:
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prior to its independence in 1490 and before the former's political decline in the last quarter of the 15th century. It was one of the
874:, and repelled another invasion by the Ahmednagar Sultanate early in his rule. The first invasion of the Sultanate of Bijapur by the
2417:
In 1481, Yusuf 'Adil Khan, a Persian slave who claimed to descend from the Ottoman sultan Murad III, became the governor of Bijapur.
499:), further adorned Bijapur with palaces, mosques, a mausoleum and other structures, considered to be some of the finest examples of
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allied himself initially with Bidar in his first invasion, which saw no territorial losses for Bijapur, but Bidar, ruled by
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remained the capital of the Sultanate throughout its existence. After modest earlier developments, Ibrahim Adil Shah I and
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Shaheen, Shagufta; Shahid, Sajjad (2018). "The Unique Literary Traditions of Dakhnī". In Azam, Kousar J. (ed.).
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Mondini, Sara (2020). "The Jami Masjid Miḥrāb of Bijapur: Inscribing Turkic Identities in a Contested Space".
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which the city had undergone since April of the previous year, and the Sultanate of Bijapur came to an end.
570:, although this is considered unfounded by modern historians. Another theory states he was a Turkman of the
2193:
2022:
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Nine sultans ruled the Sultanate of Bijapur from 1490 to 1686, their title being the Sultan of Bijapur.
720:, later allied itself with Bijapur in the second invasion. This saw a quadruple alliance of Ahmednagar,
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1072:, completed in 1626, comprising a mosque built in honour of his wife and a mausoleum for his dynasty.
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504:
17:
1154:, a Deccani musical poetry work, and patronized many poets and their works of art. One of these was
1998:
740:, who next ascended the throne in 1558, reestablished Shiism as the state religion. He inquired of
600:
4284:
Local States in an Imperial World : Identity, Society and Politics in the Early Modern Deccan
1080:, his own mausoleum and one of the greatest monuments in Bijapur. It is supported by large arched
518:
in 1619. The Sultanate was thereafter relatively stable, although it was damaged by the revolt of
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1943:
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to them. The first building to fully employ the characteristics of Adil Shahi architecture was a
910:
inherited a troubled kingdom. His state was invaded by Mughal forces in 1657, under then viceroy
721:
585:. He had acquired these lands by seizing them following the murder of Mahmud Gawan, the previous
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1101:
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1988:
1906:
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1118:. Miniature painting was virtually nonexistant in the Bijapur Sultanate prior to the reign of
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was one of the centers for its early literary evolution. Ibrahim II was a skillful writer of
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in Bījāpūr and actively encouraged the immigration of Persian writers and religious figures.
1166:, which serves as the basis for much of the modern historiography on the region and period.
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Architecture and Art of the Deccan Sultanates (The New Cambridge History of India Vol. I:7)
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Expanding Frontiers in South Asian and World History: Essays in Honour of John F. Richards
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for the greater cause of pushing back the Mughals. Ibrahim II also founded the city of
808:
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432:. Bijapur, for most of its history, was bounded on the west by the Portuguese state of
406:
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791:; Ali embarked on a monarch-transcending campaign to capture and subjugate all of the
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4240:"'Kiss My Foot,' Said the King: Firearms, Diplomacy and the Battle for Raichur, 1520"
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A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: From Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century
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A painting of "The House of Bijapur" completed in the year 1680, during the reign of
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of Bidar in 1529; he cut off the supply lines to the city and began to besiege it.
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in 1565. The state would further expand through its conquest of the neighbouring
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Courtly Encounters: Translating Courtliness and Violence in Early Modern Eurasia
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from the Adil Shahis. Mallu Adil Shah was soon blinded and removed from power.
555:
4242:, in Richard M. Eaton; Munis D. Faruqui; David Gilmartin; Sunil Kumar (eds.),
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Alam, Muzaffar (1998). "The pursuit of Persian: Language in Mughal Politics".
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Iran and the Surrounding World: Interactions in Culture and Cultural Politics
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522:, who would found an independent Maratha Kingdom which went on to become the
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Map of the Adil Shahi dynasty of the Bijapur Sultanate at its greatest extent
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428:), extended Bijapur's formal borders and nominal authority as far south as
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The Courts of the Deccan Sultanates: Living Well in the Persian Cosmopolis
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A History of the Muslim World since 1260: The Making of a Global Community
2269:"Persian in the Villages, or, the Language of Jamiat Rai's Account Books"
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as well the same year, where his zealotry for Shiism was put on display;
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origin. According to the narrative presented by contemporary historian
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2198:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 147, map XIV.4 (k).
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A Social History of the Deccan, 1300-1761 : Eight Indian Lives
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397:. The Sultanate expanded southward, first with the conquest of the
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The Adil Shahi sultans promoted the development of writing in the
1036:, the first sultan, began his work by expanding on two dargahs at
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462:) remodelled Bijapur, providing the citadel and city walls, and a
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1150:, and one of its earliest proponents. Ibrahim himself wrote the
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and his successors. The Bijapur School of painting is rooted in
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War, Culture and Society in Early Modern South Asia, 1740-1849
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Architecture of the Deccan sultanates § Bijapur Sultanate
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by its Bahmani rulers, and later seized provincial control of
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The architecture of the Sultanate of Bijapur, as a subset of
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Yusuf's bravery and personality raised him rapidly in Sultan
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of Bijapur, and with it abandoned the office of tarafdar of
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come into common use. Even then, Bijapur rulers recognized
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581:'s favour, resulting in his appointment as the Governor of
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following the execution of its former tarafdar (governor),
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2725:"The Safavids and Mughal Relations with the Deccan States"
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Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient
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Medieval Islamic Civilization, Volume 1 An Encyclopedia
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History of Medieval Deccan (1295–1724) : Volume I
4419:. Krishnavas International Printers, Hyderabad Deccan.
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550:, may have been a Georgian slave who was purchased by
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2531:. International Journal of Social Studies 4 (1): 423.
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1092:, which stopped construction upon his death in 1672.
603:, Malik Hasan's son. In 1504, following the death of
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4209:Eaton, Richard M. (2008). "Rama Raya (1484–1565)".
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3073:
3049:
2928:
2916:
2791:
2779:
2704:
2663:
2615:
2603:
2588:
2573:
646:, exerted pressure on the major Adil Shahi port of
611:, Yusuf conquered and annexed the Bahmani taraf of
3499:
3348:
4367:
3946:
3934:
3879:
3864:
3852:
3840:
3828:
3813:
3801:
3789:
3743:
3635:
3580:
3454:
3300:
878:also took place under Muhammad's rule in 1631 by
4485:
4246:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 275–298,
542:in 1525, the Sultanate of Bijapur in center-left
4416:The Bahmanis of the Deccan – An Objective Study
2428:
2507:. University of Washington Press. p. 25.
4499:States and territories disestablished in 1686
4388:
4340:(1974). "The Five Sultanates of the Deccan".
4036:
3330:Asher, Catherine B.; Talbor, Cynthia (2006).
2057:
4392:Languages and Literary Cultures in Hyderabad
2359:
2220:Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals
2191:
1158:, a Persian poet whom he employed. Another,
622:Yusuf died in 1510, in a confrontation with
374:, was appointed governor of the province of
4478:The Adil Shahi Kingdom (1510 CE to 1686 CE)
3329:
2693:
753:, then de facto ruler of Vijayanagara, and
4494:States and territories established in 1490
4368:Mitchell, George; Zebrowski, Mark (1999).
4124:
4000:"Deccani Paintings: The School of Bijapur"
3356:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
3346:
3336:. Cambridge University Press. p. 169.
2729:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
2496:
2494:
2240:(2). Cambridge University Press: 317–349.
2064:
2050:
1836:
1824:
1808:
1796:
1780:
1768:
1751:
1739:
1723:
1711:
1695:
1683:
1667:
1655:
1639:
1627:
1611:
1600:
1095:
47:
4374:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2366:. Harvard University Press. p. 101.
2284:
447:The former Bahmani provincial capital of
4423:
4409:
4350:
4336:
4118:
4060:
4004:The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs
3772:
3731:
3707:
3695:
3683:
3659:
3647:
3592:
3553:
3529:
3493:
3442:
3430:
3418:
3394:
3279:
3190:
3154:
3118:
3106:
3031:
3019:
3007:
2995:
2983:
2910:
2881:
2761:
2697:Studies in Indology and Medieval History
2681:
2633:
2567:
2547:. Pearson Education India. p. 174.
2540:
2485:
2449:
2386:
1846:
1585:
1185:
990:
802:
566:, Yusuf was a son of the Ottoman Sultan
533:
27:Indian kingdom in the Deccan (1490–1686)
4434:
4280:
4160:
4099:
4048:
3891:
3568:
3517:
3406:
3217:
2893:
2869:
2773:
2491:
2342:The Peacock Throne by Waldemar Hansen.
1902:Political history of medieval Karnataka
1114:painting through the Bijapur school of
1060:, however, was built under the rule of
811:, showing the nine Bijapur sultans and
14:
4486:
4263:India in the Persianate Age, 1000–1765
4167:History of Medieval India 800–1700 A.D
3958:
3466:
3325:
3323:
3321:
2266:
1130:painting and culture, and was usually
1064:, and was commissioned in 1576. Under
4301:
4259:
4237:
4208:
4184:
4072:
3719:
3671:
3616:
3604:
3541:
3505:
3382:
3370:
3312:
3244:
3229:
3142:
3091:
3067:
3043:
2937:
2922:
2857:
2845:
2833:
2821:
2809:
2722:
2710:
2657:
2501:Nikki R. Keddie,Rudi Matthee (2011).
2422:
2330:
2305:A Textbook of Medieval Indian History
2100:
2098:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1537:
1535:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1492:
1490:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1447:
1445:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1402:
1400:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1379:
1377:
1366:
1348:
1346:
1330:
1315:
1313:
1302:
1284:
1282:
1264:
1258:
1256:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1213:
1211:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1102:Deccan painting § Bijapur School
4353:"Eighty Years of Dakani Scholarship"
4322:
4079:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 383.
3997:
3965:Journal of the Royal Society of Arts
3895:Turkish History and Culture in India
3202:
3178:
3166:
3130:
3079:
3055:
2797:
2785:
2700:. Joshi & Lokhande. p. 176.
2669:
2645:
2621:
2609:
2597:
2582:
2459:Historic Cities of the Islamic World
2398:
2231:
2158:The "Westerners", alternatively the
554:. Other historians mentioned him of
3755:
3318:
2302:
2296:
136:
24:
4459:
4266:. University of California Press.
3961:"Indian Paintings from the Deccan"
2392:
2222:, Part II, (Har-Anand, 2009), 210.
2113:Written only, for local government
2095:
25:
4530:
4471:
4329:Cambridge History Of India Vol. 2
4130:
2949:
2456:Clifford Edmund Bosworth (2007).
1169:
4441:Bidar, Its History and Monuments
4093:
4066:
3991:
3952:
3885:
3749:
3473:. Association Press (Y.M.C.A.).
2195:A Historical atlas of South Asia
2192:Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978).
1885:
1076:facilitated the creation of the
970:Deccan sultanates § Bijapur
822:Ali I had no son, so his nephew
409:in 1565. Later campaigns in the
291:
277:
263:
238:
120:(1490–1504, 1534–58, after 1580)
4430:. Government of Andhra Pradesh.
4191:The Sufis of Bijapur, 1300-1700
3467:Bailey, Thomas Grahame (1932).
3460:
3340:
3250:
2943:
2716:
2687:
2534:
2521:
2152:
2136:
2116:
2083:Adil Shahi–Portuguese conflicts
1845:
974:
724:of Golconda, Vijayanagara, and
494:
483:
472:
457:
423:
4424:Sherwani, Haroon Khan (1973).
4308:. Cambridge University Press.
4287:. Edinburgh University Press.
4215:. Cambridge University Press.
4194:. Princeton University Press.
2541:Farooqui, Salma Ahmed (2011).
2336:
2260:
2225:
2212:
2185:
2107:
417:, notably during the reign of
370:The founder of the Sultanate,
363:it on 12 September 1686 under
13:
1:
4332:. Cambridge University Press.
4100:Hambley, Gavin R. G. (1999).
3947:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
3935:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
3880:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
3865:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
3853:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
3841:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
3829:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
3814:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
3802:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
3790:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
3744:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
3636:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
3581:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
3455:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
3301:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
2360:Subrahmanyam, Sanjay (2012).
2307:. Primus Books. p. 119.
2173:
1571:
3470:A History of Urdu Literature
2178:
2149:suzerainty over their realm.
1841:
1830:
1818:
1813:
1802:
1790:
1785:
1774:
1762:
1757:
1745:
1733:
1728:
1717:
1705:
1700:
1689:
1677:
1672:
1661:
1649:
1644:
1633:
1621:
1616:
1605:
1594:
1190:Genealogy of Yusuf Adil Shah
999:in Bijapur, commissioned by
780:conflict with the Portuguese
546:The founder of the dynasty,
401:following the defeat of the
343:dynasty. Bijapur had been a
7:
4444:. Oxford University Press.
4351:Matthews, David J. (1993).
2126:, generally used the title
1861:
1110:The Adil Shahis partook in
891:revolt of then governor of
10:
4535:
4480:by Dr. (Mrs) Jyotsna Kamat
4357:The Annual of Urdu Studies
4260:Eaton, Richard M. (2019).
4238:Eaton, Richard M. (2009),
4154:
3263:Metropolitan Museum of Art
2529:"Turks in Karnataka" (PDF)
2405:. Routledge. p. 108.
1907:Origin of Karnataka's name
1099:
1052:built during the reign of
984:
978:
967:
963:
934:and other cities from the
744:that he may be given back
529:
440:, and to the north by the
4346:. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
4076:The Kingdom of Ahmadnagar
4037:Shaheen & Shahid 2018
3904:10.1163/9789004437364_011
2286:10.1163/15685209-12341551
2246:10.1017/s0026749x98002947
1533:
1531:
1488:
1486:
1443:
1441:
1398:
1396:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1344:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1280:
1276:
1270:
1227:
1225:
1012:Indo-Islamic architecture
505:Indo-Islamic architecture
307:
217:
213:
203:
193:
189:
179:
175:
162:
149:
145:
135:
127:
104:
78:
68:
58:
46:
41:
34:
4281:Fischel, Roy S. (2020).
2723:Anwar, M. Siraj (1991).
2527:Bolar, Varija R (2012).
2429:Vernon O. Egger (2016).
2088:
1999:Unification of Karnataka
1580:
1577:
1574:
952:overpowered the city of
692:Ismail was succeeded by
601:Malik Ahmad Nizam Shah I
4302:Flatt, Emma J. (2019).
3762:. Taylor & Francis.
3347:Hardy, P. (1960–2005).
2399:Meri, Josef W. (2006).
2303:Sen, Sailendra (2013).
2267:Sheikh, Samira (2021).
1944:Western Chalukya Empire
1148:Deccani Urdu literature
1096:Painting and literature
722:Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah
327:kingdom in the western
69:Official languages
4509:History of Maharashtra
3959:Binney, Edwin (1979).
3898:. BRILL. p. 294.
3360:. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
3258:"The House of Bijapur"
2958:. Encyclopædia Iranica
1989:Nayakas of Chitradurga
1586:Independence from the
1191:
1058:Jami Masjid of Bijapur
1003:
819:
595:, which was seized by
543:
205:• Disestablished
4411:Sherwani, Haroon Khan
4073:Shyam, adhey (2008).
3756:Roy, Kaushik (2011).
2462:. BRILL. p. 55.
1752:ابراہیم عادل شاہ دوئم
1189:
994:
899:, whose father was a
806:
644:Afonso de Albuquerque
537:
464:congregational mosque
438:Sultanate of Golconda
436:, on the east by the
114:(1504–34 and 1558–79)
79:Common languages
4504:Sultanate of Bijapur
4170:. Orient BlackSwan.
4137:Encyclopædia Iranica
4106:Encyclopædia Iranica
3998:Gray, Basil (1938).
2694:G. H. Khare (1974).
2234:Modern Asian Studies
2141:), did the title of
1969:Sultanate of Bijapur
1879:History of Karnataka
1747:Ibrahim Adil Shah II
1696:ابراہیم عادل شاہ اول
1419:Ibrahim Adil Shah II
1008:Deccani architecture
1001:Ibrahim Adil Shah II
757:, and laid siege to
742:Hussain Nizam Shah I
468:Ibrahim Adil Shah II
466:. Their successors,
442:Ahmednagar Sultanate
321:Sultanate of Bijapur
36:Sultanate of Bijapur
3775:, pp. 462–463.
3722:, pp. 190–191.
3710:, pp. 459–460.
3698:, pp. 258–259.
3662:, pp. 459–463.
3333:India Before Europe
3205:, pp. 453–454.
3181:, pp. 452–453.
3169:, pp. 451–452.
3121:, pp. 424–426.
3109:, pp. 423–424.
3022:, pp. 418–420.
2998:, pp. 417–418.
2884:, pp. 448–449.
2860:, pp. 306–307.
2848:, pp. 304–305.
2836:, pp. 302–303.
2776:, pp. 156–157.
2648:, pp. 425–426.
2132:Ibrahim Adil Shah I
2122:Yusuf and his son,
2078:Islam in South Asia
1959:Vijayanagara Empire
1691:Ibrahim Adil Shah I
1318:Ibrahim Adil Shah I
1180:Adil Shahi dynasty
1054:Ibrahim Adil Shah I
1010:, was a variant of
946:Maratha Confederacy
854:to the independent
714:Burhan Nizam Shah I
705:Ibrahim Adil Shah I
524:Maratha Confederacy
287:Maratha Confederacy
195:• Established
4131:Eaton, Richard M.
3193:, p. 333–334.
1949:Southern Kalachuri
1939:Rashtrakuta Empire
1832:Sikandar Adil Shah
1776:Mohammed Adil Shah
1554:Sikandar Adil Shah
1464:Mohammed Adil Shah
1192:
1074:Mohammed Adil Shah
1004:
942:Sikandar Adil Shah
926:was captured in a
867:Muhammad Adil Shah
820:
809:Sikandar Adil Shah
772:Battle of Talikota
544:
479:Mohammed Adil Shah
419:Mohammed Adil Shah
407:Battle of Talikota
347:(province) of the
169:Sikandar Adil Shah
4519:Deccan sultanates
4514:Former sultanates
4343:The Mughul Empire
4253:978-1-107-03428-0
4222:978-0-521-71627-7
4186:Eaton, Richard M.
4102:"FEREŠTA,TĀRĪḴ-E"
4063:, pp. 92–93.
3971:(5280): 784–804.
3913:978-90-04-43736-4
3882:, pp. 92–93.
3804:, pp. 86–87.
3746:, pp. 14–16.
3480:978-81-7000-080-8
3315:, pp. 70–71.
3145:, pp. 98–99.
3094:, pp. 97–98.
3070:, pp. 96–97.
2956:iranicaonline.org
2950:Baqir, Muhammad.
2554:978-81-317-3202-1
2412:978-0-415-96691-7
2373:978-0-674-06736-3
2348:978-81-208-0225-4
2314:978-9-38060-734-4
2074:
2073:
1984:Nayakas of Keladi
1974:Kingdom of Mysore
1964:Bahmani Sultanate
1859:
1858:
1839:
1827:
1811:
1809:علی عادل شاہ دوئم
1799:
1783:
1771:
1754:
1742:
1726:
1714:
1698:
1686:
1670:
1658:
1642:
1630:
1614:
1603:
1588:Bahmani Sultanate
1570:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1164:Tarikh-i Firishta
1128:Persian miniature
755:Ibrahim Qutb Shah
677:Aladdin Imad Shah
665:Battle of Raichur
640:Portuguese Empire
597:Malik Hasan Bahri
579:Muhammad Shah III
540:Deccan sultanates
353:Deccan sultanates
349:Bahmani Sultanate
317:
316:
303:
302:
299:
298:
251:
250:
246:Bahmani Sultanate
164:• 1672–1686
151:• 1490–1510
16:(Redirected from
4526:
4455:
4431:
4420:
4406:
4385:
4364:
4347:
4333:
4319:
4298:
4277:
4256:
4234:
4205:
4181:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4143:
4128:
4122:
4116:
4110:
4109:
4097:
4091:
4090:
4070:
4064:
4058:
4052:
4046:
4040:
4034:
4028:
4027:
3995:
3989:
3988:
3956:
3950:
3944:
3938:
3932:
3926:
3925:
3889:
3883:
3877:
3868:
3862:
3856:
3850:
3844:
3838:
3832:
3826:
3817:
3811:
3805:
3799:
3793:
3787:
3776:
3770:
3764:
3763:
3753:
3747:
3741:
3735:
3729:
3723:
3717:
3711:
3705:
3699:
3693:
3687:
3681:
3675:
3669:
3663:
3657:
3651:
3645:
3639:
3633:
3620:
3614:
3608:
3602:
3596:
3590:
3584:
3578:
3572:
3566:
3557:
3551:
3545:
3539:
3533:
3527:
3521:
3515:
3509:
3503:
3497:
3491:
3485:
3484:
3464:
3458:
3452:
3446:
3440:
3434:
3428:
3422:
3416:
3410:
3404:
3398:
3392:
3386:
3380:
3374:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3352:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3327:
3316:
3310:
3304:
3298:
3283:
3277:
3268:
3267:
3254:
3248:
3242:
3233:
3227:
3221:
3215:
3206:
3200:
3194:
3188:
3182:
3176:
3170:
3164:
3158:
3152:
3146:
3140:
3134:
3128:
3122:
3116:
3110:
3104:
3095:
3089:
3083:
3077:
3071:
3065:
3059:
3053:
3047:
3041:
3035:
3029:
3023:
3017:
3011:
3005:
2999:
2993:
2987:
2981:
2972:
2971:
2965:
2963:
2947:
2941:
2935:
2926:
2920:
2914:
2908:
2897:
2891:
2885:
2879:
2873:
2867:
2861:
2855:
2849:
2843:
2837:
2831:
2825:
2819:
2813:
2807:
2801:
2795:
2789:
2783:
2777:
2771:
2765:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2720:
2714:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2691:
2685:
2679:
2673:
2667:
2661:
2655:
2649:
2643:
2637:
2631:
2625:
2619:
2613:
2607:
2601:
2595:
2586:
2580:
2571:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2538:
2532:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2498:
2489:
2483:
2474:
2473:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2396:
2390:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2357:
2351:
2340:
2334:
2333:, p. xxiii.
2328:
2319:
2318:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2288:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2229:
2223:
2218:Satish Chandra,
2216:
2210:
2209:
2189:
2167:
2156:
2150:
2140:
2139: 1534–1558
2138:
2120:
2114:
2111:
2105:
2102:
2066:
2059:
2052:
1889:
1866:
1865:
1838:
1835:
1826:
1823:
1810:
1807:
1804:Ali Adil Shah II
1798:
1795:
1782:
1779:
1770:
1767:
1753:
1750:
1741:
1738:
1725:
1724:علی عادل شاہ اول
1722:
1713:
1710:
1697:
1694:
1685:
1682:
1669:
1666:
1657:
1654:
1641:
1640:اسماعیل عادل شاہ
1638:
1635:Ismail Adil Shah
1629:
1626:
1613:
1610:
1602:
1599:
1572:
1509:Ali Adil Shah II
1248:Ismail Adil Shah
1194:
1193:
1177:
1176:
1140:Deccani language
1116:Deccani painting
1106:Deccani language
1086:Ali Adil Shah II
958:siege of Bijapur
908:Ali Adil Shah II
797:Richard M. Eaton
787:and much of the
718:Ali Barid Shah I
636:Ismail Adil Shah
498:
497: 1656–1672
496:
490:Ali Adil Shah II
487:
486: 1627–1656
485:
476:
475: 1579–1627
474:
461:
460: 1558–1579
459:
427:
426: 1627–1656
425:
295:
294:
281:
280:
273:Portuguese India
267:
266:
255:
254:
242:
241:
235:
234:
219:
218:
51:
32:
31:
21:
4534:
4533:
4529:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4524:
4523:
4484:
4483:
4474:
4469:
4462:
4460:Further reading
4452:
4436:Yazdani, Ghulam
4403:
4382:
4316:
4295:
4274:
4254:
4223:
4202:
4178:
4162:Chandra, Satish
4157:
4152:
4151:
4141:
4139:
4129:
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4113:
4098:
4094:
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3992:
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3941:
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3890:
3886:
3878:
3871:
3863:
3859:
3851:
3847:
3839:
3835:
3827:
3820:
3812:
3808:
3800:
3796:
3792:, pp. 1–2.
3788:
3779:
3771:
3767:
3754:
3750:
3742:
3738:
3730:
3726:
3718:
3714:
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3492:
3488:
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3461:
3453:
3449:
3441:
3437:
3429:
3425:
3417:
3413:
3405:
3401:
3393:
3389:
3381:
3377:
3369:
3365:
3350:"ʿĀdil-S̲h̲āhs"
3345:
3341:
3328:
3319:
3311:
3307:
3299:
3286:
3278:
3271:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3243:
3236:
3228:
3224:
3216:
3209:
3201:
3197:
3189:
3185:
3177:
3173:
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3153:
3149:
3141:
3137:
3129:
3125:
3117:
3113:
3105:
3098:
3090:
3086:
3078:
3074:
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3054:
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3018:
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2226:
2217:
2213:
2206:
2190:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2170:
2157:
2153:
2147:Safavid Persian
2135:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2108:
2103:
2096:
2091:
2070:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2012:
2004:
2003:
1979:Hyderabad State
1954:Hoysala Kingdom
1934:Chalukya Empire
1920:
1912:
1911:
1897:
1864:
1837:سکندر عادل شاہ
1834:
1828:
1822:
1806:
1800:
1794:
1778:
1772:
1766:
1755:
1749:
1743:
1737:
1721:
1719:Ali Adil Shah I
1715:
1709:
1693:
1687:
1681:
1665:
1663:Mallu Adil Shah
1659:
1653:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1609:
1607:Yusuf Adil Shah
1598:
1559:
1557:
1514:
1512:
1469:
1467:
1424:
1422:
1374:
1372:
1369:Ali Adil Shah I
1323:
1321:
1310:
1308:
1305:Mallu Adil Shah
1253:
1251:
1208:
1206:
1203:Yusuf Adil Shah
1172:
1156:Muhammad Zuhuri
1108:
1100:Main articles:
1098:
1034:Yusuf Adil Shah
989:
983:
977:
972:
966:
817:Safavid dynasty
738:Ali Adil Shah I
726:Darya Imad Shah
694:Mallu Adil Shah
634:, when his son
624:Krishnadevaraya
548:Yusuf Adil Shah
532:
516:Bidar Sultanate
493:
482:
471:
456:
453:Ali Adil Shah I
422:
372:Yusuf Adil Shah
335:, ruled by the
292:
278:
264:
239:
206:
196:
165:
156:Yusuf Adil Shah
152:
123:
100:
54:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4532:
4522:
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4506:
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4496:
4482:
4481:
4473:
4472:External links
4470:
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4457:
4456:
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4432:
4421:
4407:
4401:
4386:
4380:
4365:
4348:
4338:Majumdar, R.C.
4334:
4324:Haig, Wolseley
4320:
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4123:
4111:
4092:
4086:978-8120826519
4085:
4065:
4053:
4041:
4039:, p. 100.
4029:
4010:(425): 74–77.
3990:
3951:
3949:, p. 161.
3939:
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3884:
3869:
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3806:
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3765:
3748:
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3734:, p. 461.
3724:
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3688:
3686:, p. 459.
3676:
3674:, p. 181.
3664:
3652:
3650:, p. 252.
3640:
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3609:
3607:, p. 177.
3597:
3595:, p. 457.
3585:
3573:
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3546:
3544:, p. 120.
3534:
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3522:
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3510:
3498:
3496:, p. 468.
3486:
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3445:, p. 455.
3435:
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3423:
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3411:
3409:, p. 264.
3399:
3397:, p. 454.
3387:
3375:
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3339:
3317:
3305:
3284:
3282:, p. 337.
3269:
3249:
3247:, p. 179.
3234:
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3195:
3183:
3171:
3159:
3157:, p. 246.
3147:
3135:
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3123:
3111:
3096:
3084:
3082:, p. 445.
3072:
3060:
3058:, p. 444.
3048:
3046:, p. 152.
3036:
3034:, p. 420.
3024:
3012:
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3000:
2988:
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2973:
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2915:
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2898:
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2850:
2838:
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2824:, p. 289.
2814:
2812:, p. 299.
2802:
2800:, p. 430.
2790:
2788:, p. 434.
2778:
2766:
2764:, p. 447.
2754:
2715:
2703:
2686:
2684:, p. 446.
2674:
2672:, p. 429.
2662:
2660:, p. 151.
2650:
2638:
2636:, p. 226.
2626:
2624:, p. 423.
2614:
2612:, p. 419.
2602:
2600:, p. 416.
2587:
2585:, p. 421.
2572:
2570:, p. 342.
2560:
2553:
2533:
2520:
2513:
2490:
2488:, p. 291.
2475:
2469:978-9004153882
2468:
2448:
2441:
2421:
2411:
2391:
2389:, p. 445.
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2037:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1994:Haleri Kingdom
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1921:
1918:
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1914:
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1815:
1812:
1801:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1781:محمد عادل شاہ
1773:
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1759:
1756:
1744:
1731:
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1727:
1716:
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1582:
1579:
1578:Personal Name
1576:
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1214:
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1199:
1197:
1182:
1181:
1171:
1170:List of rulers
1168:
1152:Kitab-e-Navras
1097:
1094:
1056:. The primary
1040:commemorating
979:Main article:
976:
973:
965:
962:
938:from 1659–63.
916:captured Bidar
538:India and the
531:
528:
405:empire at the
315:
314:
309:
305:
304:
301:
300:
297:
296:
289:
283:
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275:
269:
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261:
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214:
211:
210:
207:
204:
201:
200:
197:
194:
191:
190:
187:
186:
181:
180:Historical era
177:
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166:
163:
160:
159:
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150:
147:
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143:
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139:
133:
132:
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125:
124:
122:
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115:
108:
106:
102:
101:
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93:
88:
82:
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
60:
56:
55:
52:
44:
43:
39:
38:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4531:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4465:
4464:
4453:
4451:9788120810716
4447:
4443:
4442:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4428:
4422:
4418:
4417:
4412:
4408:
4404:
4402:9781351393997
4398:
4395:. Routledge.
4394:
4393:
4387:
4383:
4381:0-521-56321-6
4377:
4373:
4372:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4354:
4349:
4345:
4344:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4330:
4325:
4321:
4317:
4315:9781108481939
4311:
4307:
4306:
4300:
4296:
4294:9781474436090
4290:
4286:
4285:
4279:
4275:
4273:9780520325128
4269:
4265:
4264:
4258:
4255:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4236:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4218:
4214:
4213:
4207:
4203:
4201:9781400868155
4197:
4193:
4192:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4177:9788125032267
4173:
4169:
4168:
4163:
4159:
4158:
4138:
4134:
4127:
4121:, p. 92.
4120:
4119:Matthews 1993
4115:
4107:
4103:
4096:
4088:
4082:
4078:
4077:
4069:
4062:
4061:Matthews 1993
4057:
4051:, p. 74.
4050:
4045:
4038:
4033:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3994:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3955:
3948:
3943:
3937:, p. 96.
3936:
3931:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3897:
3896:
3888:
3881:
3876:
3874:
3867:, p. 90.
3866:
3861:
3855:, p. 88.
3854:
3849:
3843:, p. 86.
3842:
3837:
3831:, p. 87.
3830:
3825:
3823:
3816:, p. 91.
3815:
3810:
3803:
3798:
3791:
3786:
3784:
3782:
3774:
3773:Majumdar 1974
3769:
3761:
3760:
3752:
3745:
3740:
3733:
3732:Majumdar 1974
3728:
3721:
3716:
3709:
3708:Majumdar 1974
3704:
3697:
3696:Majumdar 1974
3692:
3685:
3684:Majumdar 1974
3680:
3673:
3668:
3661:
3660:Majumdar 1974
3656:
3649:
3648:Majumdar 1974
3644:
3638:, p. 16.
3637:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3618:
3613:
3606:
3601:
3594:
3593:Majumdar 1974
3589:
3583:, p. 15.
3582:
3577:
3571:, p. 70.
3570:
3565:
3563:
3555:
3554:Majumdar 1974
3550:
3543:
3538:
3531:
3530:Majumdar 1974
3526:
3519:
3514:
3507:
3502:
3495:
3494:Majumdar 1974
3490:
3482:
3476:
3472:
3471:
3463:
3457:, p. 42.
3456:
3451:
3444:
3443:Majumdar 1974
3439:
3432:
3431:Majumdar 1974
3427:
3420:
3419:Majumdar 1974
3415:
3408:
3403:
3396:
3395:Majumdar 1974
3391:
3385:, p. 71.
3384:
3379:
3373:, p. 63.
3372:
3367:
3359:
3357:
3351:
3343:
3335:
3334:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3314:
3309:
3303:, p. 14.
3302:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3281:
3280:Sherwani 1973
3276:
3274:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3253:
3246:
3241:
3239:
3232:, p. 68.
3231:
3226:
3220:, p. 69.
3219:
3214:
3212:
3204:
3199:
3192:
3191:Sherwani 1973
3187:
3180:
3175:
3168:
3163:
3156:
3155:Majumdar 1974
3151:
3144:
3139:
3132:
3127:
3120:
3119:Majumdar 1974
3115:
3108:
3107:Majumdar 1974
3103:
3101:
3093:
3088:
3081:
3076:
3069:
3064:
3057:
3052:
3045:
3040:
3033:
3032:Majumdar 1974
3028:
3021:
3020:Majumdar 1974
3016:
3009:
3008:Majumdar 1974
3004:
2997:
2996:Majumdar 1974
2992:
2985:
2984:Majumdar 1974
2980:
2978:
2970:
2957:
2953:
2946:
2940:, p. 91.
2939:
2934:
2932:
2925:, p. 61.
2924:
2919:
2912:
2911:Majumdar 1974
2907:
2905:
2903:
2896:, p. 13.
2895:
2890:
2883:
2882:Majumdar 1974
2878:
2872:, p. 12.
2871:
2866:
2859:
2854:
2847:
2842:
2835:
2830:
2823:
2818:
2811:
2806:
2799:
2794:
2787:
2782:
2775:
2770:
2763:
2762:Majumdar 1974
2758:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2719:
2713:, p. 88.
2712:
2707:
2699:
2698:
2690:
2683:
2682:Majumdar 1974
2678:
2671:
2666:
2659:
2654:
2647:
2642:
2635:
2634:Sherwani 1973
2630:
2623:
2618:
2611:
2606:
2599:
2594:
2592:
2584:
2579:
2577:
2569:
2568:Sherwani 1946
2564:
2556:
2550:
2546:
2545:
2537:
2530:
2524:
2516:
2514:9780295800240
2510:
2506:
2505:
2497:
2495:
2487:
2486:Sherwani 1973
2482:
2480:
2471:
2465:
2461:
2460:
2452:
2444:
2442:9781315511078
2438:
2435:. Routledge.
2434:
2433:
2425:
2418:
2414:
2408:
2404:
2403:
2395:
2388:
2387:Majumdar 1974
2383:
2375:
2369:
2365:
2364:
2356:
2349:
2345:
2339:
2332:
2327:
2325:
2316:
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1854:
1853:Mughal Empire
1850:
1847:Conquered by
1833:
1821:
1817:
1805:
1793:
1789:
1777:
1765:
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1748:
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1636:
1624:
1620:
1612:یوسف عادل شاہ
1608:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1575:Titular Name
1573:
1563:
1556:
1555:
1542:
1540:
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1497:
1495:
1475:
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1070:Ibrahim Rauza
1067:
1063:
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997:Ibrahim Rauza
993:
988:
982:
971:
961:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
937:
933:
929:
928:confrontation
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
902:
898:
894:
889:
888:Bay of Bengal
885:
881:
877:
876:Mughal Empire
873:
868:
864:
862:
861:Ibrahim Rauza
857:
853:
848:
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629:
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605:Qasim Barid I
602:
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396:
393:and Northern
392:
387:
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377:
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368:
366:
362:
358:
357:Mughal Empire
354:
350:
346:
342:
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308:Today part of
306:
290:
288:
285:
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276:
274:
271:
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262:
260:
259:Mughal Empire
257:
256:
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30:
19:
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4370:
4360:
4356:
4342:
4328:
4304:
4283:
4262:
4243:
4211:
4190:
4166:
4140:. Retrieved
4136:
4133:"ʿĀDELŠĀHĪS"
4126:
4114:
4105:
4095:
4075:
4068:
4056:
4049:Fischel 2020
4044:
4032:
4007:
4003:
3993:
3968:
3964:
3954:
3942:
3930:
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3887:
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3679:
3667:
3655:
3643:
3612:
3600:
3588:
3576:
3569:Fischel 2020
3549:
3537:
3525:
3518:Chandra 2014
3513:
3508:, p. 9.
3501:
3489:
3469:
3462:
3450:
3438:
3426:
3414:
3407:Chandra 2014
3402:
3390:
3378:
3366:
3354:
3342:
3332:
3308:
3261:
3252:
3225:
3218:Fischel 2020
3198:
3186:
3174:
3162:
3150:
3138:
3126:
3114:
3087:
3075:
3063:
3051:
3039:
3027:
3015:
3003:
2991:
2967:
2960:. Retrieved
2955:
2945:
2918:
2894:Yazdani 1947
2889:
2877:
2870:Yazdani 1947
2865:
2853:
2841:
2829:
2817:
2805:
2793:
2781:
2774:Chandra 2014
2769:
2757:
2732:
2728:
2718:
2706:
2696:
2689:
2677:
2665:
2653:
2641:
2629:
2617:
2605:
2563:
2543:
2536:
2523:
2503:
2458:
2451:
2431:
2424:
2416:
2401:
2394:
2382:
2362:
2355:
2338:
2304:
2298:
2290:
2279:(5–6): 704.
2276:
2272:
2262:
2237:
2233:
2227:
2219:
2214:
2194:
2187:
2163:
2159:
2154:
2142:
2127:
2118:
2109:
2018:Architecture
1968:
1819:
1791:
1763:
1734:
1706:
1678:
1668:ملو عادل شاہ
1650:
1622:
1595:
1552:
1507:
1462:
1417:
1367:
1316:
1303:
1246:
1201:
1173:
1163:
1151:
1137:
1109:
1044:, and added
1032:
1005:
987:Bijapur Fort
975:Architecture
956:through the
940:
906:
865:
856:Habshi state
821:
736:
710:Vijayanagara
703:
699:Raichur Doab
691:
673:Amir Barid I
628:Vijayanagara
621:
586:
576:
552:Mahmud Gawan
545:
509:
446:
403:Vijayanagara
399:Raichur Doab
388:
384:Mahmud Gawan
369:
340:
336:
325:early modern
320:
318:
228:Succeeded by
227:
222:
184:Early modern
29:
2735:: 255–262.
1560:R.1672-1686
1515:R.1656-1672
1470:R.1627-1656
1425:R.1580-1627
1375:R.1558-1579
1324:R.1534-1558
1254:R.1510-1534
1209:R.1490-1510
1050:Jama Masjid
884:Arabian Sea
843:Malik Ambar
813:Shah Ismail
391:Maharashtra
333:South India
223:Preceded by
118:Sunni Islam
4488:Categories
3720:Eaton 1978
3672:Eaton 1978
3617:Eaton 1978
3605:Eaton 1978
3542:Eaton 1978
3506:Flatt 2019
3383:Eaton 1978
3371:Eaton 1978
3358:(12 vols.)
3313:Eaton 1978
3245:Eaton 1978
3230:Eaton 1978
3143:Eaton 2008
3092:Eaton 2008
3068:Eaton 2008
3044:Eaton 2019
2962:8 February
2938:Eaton 2008
2923:Eaton 2008
2858:Eaton 2009
2846:Eaton 2009
2834:Eaton 2009
2822:Eaton 2009
2810:Eaton 2009
2711:Eaton 2008
2658:Eaton 2019
2331:Eaton 1978
2205:0226742210
2174:References
2104:After 1535
2011:Categories
1842:1672–1686
1820:Adil Khani
1814:1657–1672
1792:Adil Khani
1786:1627–1657
1764:Adil Khani
1758:1580–1627
1735:Adil Khani
1729:1558–1580
1707:Adil Khani
1701:1534–1558
1679:Adil Khani
1651:Adil Khani
1645:1511–1534
1623:Adil Khani
1617:1490–1511
1124:Ibrahim II
1090:Bara Kaman
1078:Gol Gumbaz
1066:Ibrahim II
1028:tholobates
1018:, complex
985:See also:
968:See also:
924:Pratapgarh
920:Afzal Khan
880:Shah Jahan
872:Gol Gumbaz
824:Ibrahim II
759:Ahmednagar
593:Daulatabad
572:Aq-Quyunlu
376:Daulatabad
337:Adil Shahi
128:Government
112:Shia Islam
4231:226973152
4016:0951-0788
3977:0035-9114
3922:234656650
3203:Haig 1925
3179:Haig 1925
3167:Haig 1925
3131:Haig 1925
3080:Haig 1925
3056:Haig 1925
2952:"BĪJĀPŪR"
2798:Haig 1925
2786:Haig 1925
2741:2249-1937
2670:Haig 1925
2646:Haig 1925
2622:Haig 1925
2610:Haig 1925
2598:Haig 1925
2583:Haig 1925
2350:. p. 468.
2254:146630389
2179:Citations
2143:Adil Shah
2128:Adil Khan
2035:Societies
2030:Economies
1855:in 1686.
1849:Aurangzeb
1825:عادل خانی
1797:عادل خانی
1769:عادل خانی
1740:عادل خانی
1712:عادل خانی
1684:عادل خانی
1656:عادل خانی
1628:عادل خانی
1112:miniature
950:Aurangzeb
912:Aurangzeb
847:Nauraspur
838:Burhan II
768:Bagalkote
751:Rama Raya
652:conquered
642:, led by
632:Koilkonda
395:Karnataka
365:Aurangzeb
361:conquered
341:Adilshahi
105:Religion
42:1490–1686
18:Adilshahi
4438:(1947).
4413:(1946).
4326:(1925).
4188:(1978).
4164:(2014).
3985:41373866
2749:44142611
1925:Kadambas
1919:Polities
1871:a series
1869:Part of
1862:See also
1160:Firishta
1082:recesses
1046:minarets
1038:Gulbarga
793:Karnatak
789:Carnatic
613:Gulbarga
609:Golconda
588:tarafdar
568:Murad II
564:Firishta
512:Talikota
415:Carnatic
411:Karnatak
359:, which
131:Monarchy
4155:Sources
2160:gharibs
1851:of the
1590:(1490)
1380:Tahmasp
1144:Bijapur
1132:baroque
1024:friezes
1020:turrets
1016:dargahs
964:Culture
954:Bijapur
936:Nayakas
932:Tanjore
901:Maratha
897:Shivaji
886:to the
852:Janjira
815:of the
746:Solapur
731:Solapur
669:Raichur
661:Raichur
617:Indapur
583:Bijapur
560:Turkmen
556:Persian
530:History
520:Shivaji
501:Deccani
449:Bijapur
430:Tanjore
380:Bijapur
323:was an
158:(first)
96:Marathi
91:Kannada
86:Deccani
73:Persian
63:Bijapur
59:Capital
4448:
4399:
4378:
4312:
4291:
4270:
4250:
4229:
4219:
4198:
4174:
4142:3 July
4083:
4024:867457
4022:
4014:
3983:
3975:
3920:
3910:
3477:
2747:
2739:
2551:
2511:
2466:
2439:
2409:
2370:
2346:
2311:
2252:
2202:
2164:afaqis
2124:Ismail
1929:Gangas
1896:Topics
1873:on the
1581:Reign
1311:R.1534
1142:, and
1104:, and
1088:, the
914:, who
834:Sufism
829:Habshi
776:Mudgal
764:Yadgir
686:Mudgal
488:) and
329:Deccan
171:(last)
141:
137:Sultan
4020:JSTOR
3981:JSTOR
3918:S2CID
2745:JSTOR
2250:S2CID
2089:Notes
2023:Forts
1673:1534
1120:Ali I
1062:Ali I
1042:Sufis
785:Adoni
681:Berar
657:Bidar
345:taraf
312:India
4446:ISBN
4397:ISBN
4376:ISBN
4310:ISBN
4289:ISBN
4268:ISBN
4248:ISBN
4227:OCLC
4217:ISBN
4196:ISBN
4172:ISBN
4144:2024
4081:ISBN
4012:ISSN
3973:ISSN
3908:ISBN
3475:ISBN
2964:2017
2737:ISSN
2549:ISBN
2509:ISBN
2464:ISBN
2437:ISBN
2407:ISBN
2368:ISBN
2344:ISBN
2309:ISBN
2200:ISBN
1927:and
1601:أمیر
1596:Amir
1558:(9)
1513:(8)
1468:(7)
1423:(6)
1373:(5)
1322:(4)
1309:(3)
1252:(2)
1207:(1)
995:The
893:Pune
766:and
650:and
503:and
413:and
331:and
319:The
209:1686
199:1490
3969:127
3900:doi
2281:doi
2242:doi
2162:or
1026:of
679:of
648:Goa
630:at
626:of
619:.
607:of
574:.
558:or
477:),
434:Goa
339:or
4490::
4359:.
4355:.
4225:.
4135:.
4104:.
4018:.
4008:73
4006:.
4002:.
3979:.
3967:.
3963:.
3916:.
3906:.
3872:^
3821:^
3780:^
3624:^
3561:^
3353:.
3320:^
3287:^
3272:^
3260:.
3237:^
3210:^
3099:^
2976:^
2966:.
2954:.
2930:^
2901:^
2743:.
2733:52
2731:.
2727:.
2590:^
2575:^
2493:^
2478:^
2415:.
2323:^
2289:.
2277:64
2275:.
2271:.
2248:.
2238:32
2236:.
2137:r.
2097:^
1030:.
895:,
863:.
507:.
495:r.
484:r.
473:r.
458:r.
444:.
424:r.
367:.
4454:.
4405:.
4384:.
4363:.
4361:9
4318:.
4297:.
4276:.
4233:.
4204:.
4180:.
4146:.
4108:.
4089:.
4026:.
3987:.
3924:.
3902::
3483:.
3266:.
2751:.
2557:.
2517:.
2472:.
2445:.
2376:.
2317:.
2283::
2256:.
2244::
2208:.
2134:(
2065:e
2058:t
2051:v
492:(
481:(
470:(
455:(
421:(
20:)
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