1013:
1052:
1028:
1064:
720:
international trade, since many of the producing countries use significant quantities domestically (e.g., Brazil is a large producer and consumer, needing additional imports). Annual world production of dried annatto seed at the beginning of the 21st century was estimated at 10,000 tons, of which 7,000 tons enter international trade. Peru is the largest exporter of annatto seed, annually about 4,000 tons; Brazil the largest producer, with about 5,000 tons. Kenya exports annually about 1,500 tons annatto seed and extracts and is the second-largest exporter, after Peru. Côte d'Ivoire, Angola, and the
Philippines are also exporters.
1076:
1040:
701:
102:
77:
729:
1959:
53:
693:
719:
are countries in Latin
America (specifically Peru, Brazil and Mexico), which constitute 60% of total world production followed by Africa (27% of total world production) and Asia (12% of total world production). Production statistics are not usually available and would not provide a reliable guide to
711:
grows easily in subtropical to tropical climates, in frost-free regions sheltered from cool winds. It prefers year-round moisture, good drainage, and moderately fertile soil in full sun or partial shade. It can be propagated from seed and cuttings. Cutting-grown plants flower at a younger age than
753:
The annatto pigment has global economic significance, as it is one of the most widely used natural dyes to color food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical products. It is used commonly in foods because the coloring does not alter the flavor and is not toxic. It is mainly used to dye
648:
is unknown, it is native to northern South
America and the Central American tropics: "it is said to be indigenous by Seemann on the northwest coast of Mexico and Panama, by Triana in New Granada, by Meyer in Dutch Guiana, and by Piso and Claussen in Brazil". Additionally,
576:
is a perennial, tall shrub to small evergreen tree that can reach 6–10 m (20–33 ft) high. It bears clusters of 5 cm (2 in) bright white or pink flowers, resembling single wild roses, that appear at the tips of the branches. The fruits of the
684:, Hawaii and southeastern North America in tropical and subtropical regions through trading exchanges. It became cultivated in tropical regions of Asia, such as India, Sri Lanka, and Java mainly for the dye which the seeds yield.
581:
are globular, ovoid capsules arranged in clusters resembling spiky looking red-brown seed pods covered in soft spines. Each capsule, or pod, contains 30–45 cone-shaped seeds covered in a thin waxy blood-red
589:
The plant is most well known as the source of the red-orange annatto pigment. The pigment is derived from the pericarp (the waxy aril layer that covers the seeds) of the
750:) was planted commercially. The pigment is extracted from the pericarp of the seeds through use of alkaline water, vegetable oil, or organic solvents.
2201:
1012:
980:, who showed evidence of later use. The Aztecs also apparently used the annatto pigment as red ink for manuscript painting in the 16th century.
2279:
2440:
2420:
2405:
857:
condiment packets. On
Spanish-speaking Caribbean islands, the annatto pigment is also used to make yellow rice and is sometimes added to
1916:
Tropica: color cyclopedia of exotic plants and trees for warm-region horticulture—in cool climate the summer garden or sheltered indoors
1575:
2445:
2328:
1419:"Phytochemistry, biological activities and potential of annatto in natural colorant production for industrial applications – A review"
1265:
1846:
1027:
2149:
1869:
2227:
2162:
1753:
1604:
2258:
1879:
1312:
1051:
944:
plant was for body, face, and hair paint among various tribes and ancient civilizations either for decorative purposes or as
2465:
2415:
2232:
961:
2435:
2450:
2430:
1938:
1504:
1358:
Vilar, Daniela de Araújo; Vilar, Marina Suênia de Araujo; Moura, Túlio Flávio
Accioly de Lima e; et al. (2014).
439:
1467:
2284:
1063:
2480:
2188:
1075:
1963:
948:
to ward off evil spirits and illnesses. It has been reported to be used by
Brazilian native tribes, the native
2460:
2346:
822:, and other items. The seeds impart a subtle flavor and aroma and a yellow to reddish-orange color to food.
2141:
2115:
2214:
2050:
2045:
2032:
831:
is commonly used in
Spanish, Latin American, and Caribbean cuisine for meats and fish. The Spanish word
561:, and many other names used regionally. The nickname, "lipstick tree", derived from use of the dye as a
2341:
1303:
Levy, Luis W.; Rivadeneira, Diana M. (2000). "Annatto". In Lauro, Gabriel J.; Francis, F. Jack (eds.).
762:. Cosmetic products include lipstick, hair coloring products, nail polish, soaps, lacquers and paints.
541:("red color"), which is also used for the body paint prepared from its seeds. Colloquial names include
2167:
1130:
1039:
2294:
2253:
2475:
2470:
2425:
1706:
2271:
1360:"Traditional Uses, Chemical Constituents, and Biological Activities of Bixa orellana L.: A Review"
2136:
2013:
1730:
101:
17:
2333:
2076:
1775:
774:
seeds are often mixed with other seeds or spices to form a paste or powder for culinary uses in
2206:
2128:
2110:
1975:
1900:
2245:
1582:
1497:
Flora : The
Gardener's Bible : More than 20,000 garden plants from around the world
487:
218:
2369:
2307:
2084:
1643:
987:
897:
1281:
586:. When fully mature, the pod dries, hardens, and splits open, thereby exposing the seeds.
8:
2455:
1842:
1608:
1517:
Raddatz-Mota, Denise; Pérez-Flores, Laura J.; Carrari, Fernando; et al. (May 2017).
900:
is in the form of a paste. It is used in many national dishes, such as chancho con yuca,
66:
35:
1647:
1107:
2377:
2123:
1821:
1683:
1667:
1551:
1518:
1443:
1418:
1394:
1359:
787:
242:
96:
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909:
700:
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2302:
2058:
1934:
1875:
1813:
1675:
1659:
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1538:
1500:
1448:
1399:
1381:
1308:
1151:
1465:
479:
31:
2382:
1651:
1546:
1530:
1438:
1430:
1389:
1371:
1328:
1125:
1019:
1001:
The plant is valued for its stem fiber to make rope mats and for the adhesive gum.
977:
862:
847:
seeds and packaged into small, disposable foil packets for easy use. Additionally,
670:
520:
509:
483:
2063:
1687:
2037:
2024:
783:
625:
402:
385:
354:
139:
1212:. Center for Agriculture and Biosciences International (CABI). 27 September 2018
384:
that cover its seeds. The ground seeds are widely used in traditional dishes in
2315:
1516:
1434:
775:
677:
126:
1534:
798:
to extract their dye and flavor for use in dishes and processed foods such as
2399:
2240:
1998:
1817:
1663:
1542:
1466:Ângela de Almeida Meireles, Maria; Lima Cavalcante de Albuquerque, Carolina.
1385:
1116:
621:
617:
613:
471:
427:
389:
234:
86:
81:
1655:
1679:
1560:
1452:
1403:
491:
442:
of North, Central, and South
America originally used the seeds to make red
2359:
2219:
1468:"Processo otimizado para obtenção de óleo rico em antioxidantes de urucum"
1376:
1205:
998:, where different parts of the plant are thought to be useful as therapy.
2266:
2175:
2007:
973:
915:
609:
1825:
953:
2154:
1671:
1631:
1519:"Achiote (Bixa orellana L.): a natural source of pigment and vitamin E"
819:
759:
676:
During the 16th and 17th centuries, the annatto dye was distributed to
594:
443:
2180:
2097:
1632:"Biosynthesis of the Food and Cosmetic Plant Pigment Bixin (Annatto)"
901:
893:
755:
681:
633:
629:
562:
421:
397:
1969:
1307:. IFT Basic Symposium Series. New York: Marcel Dekker. p. 115.
728:
2354:
1992:
991:
905:
605:
447:
185:
175:
152:
2102:
949:
2193:
2071:
1270:, L.), an old source of food color, meet new needs for safe dye?"
957:
889:
858:
851:, coriander seeds, salt, and garlic powder are included in these
779:
744:
666:
658:
597:
499:
365:
2089:
1958:
969:
929:
925:
869:
803:
799:
662:
654:
435:
431:
393:
165:
30:"Achiote" redirects here. For the corregimiento in Panama, see
1574:
Jansen, P. C. M. (2005). Jansen, P. C. M.; Cardon, D. (eds.).
884:
is made from the ground seeds combined with filler seeds like
995:
885:
848:
815:
811:
747:
601:
475:
346:
113:
52:
1804:
Donkin, R. A. (1974). "Bixa
Orellana: "The Eternal Shrub"".
758:, meats, dairy products (cheeses, butter and margarine) and
438:, margarine, ice creams, meats, and condiments. Some of the
1085:
945:
807:
795:
583:
381:
350:
195:
653:
is found in substantial wild and cultivated acreages from
426:. Annatto and its extracts are also used as an industrial
791:
503:
1630:
Bouvier, Florence; Dogbo, Odette; Camara, Bilal (2003).
692:
608:
or orelline (the yellow pigment). Annatto oil contains
430:
to add yellow or orange color to many products such as
1843:"Colorants Used During Mexico's Early Colonial Period"
1416:
1274:
Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society
924:
seeds combined with other spices and is a mainstay in
536:
530:
524:
1357:
1105:
960:and different Amazonian tribes. As a result of the
888:. This powder is similar to and sometimes replaces
865:, it is added to a fish or pork stew called blaff.
1874:. New York: Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
1629:
1417:Ul-Islam, S.; Rather, L. J.; Mohammad, F. (2015).
514:
375:
1928:
1918:(3rd ed.). East Rutherford, N.J.: Roehrs Co.
1913:
1131:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T61986316A61986320.en
593:fruit. The red-orange annatto dye is rich in the
2397:
879:
873:
1335:. Plants database, US Department of Agriculture
1302:
896:, the most common way achiote is used in their
739:Before synthetic dyes revolutionized industry,
1933:(1st ed.). Sydney, Australia: Ure Smith.
1152:Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
368:, a natural orange-red condiment (also called
1579:PROTA 3: Dyes and tannins/Colorants et tanins
1305:Natural Food Colorants Science and Technology
913:
852:
838:
832:
826:
461:
413:
407:
369:
1894:
486:was derived in honor of the Amazon explorer
450:, as well as a spice. For this reason, the
419:
1707:"Achiote: The Spice That Dyes Food Yellow"
920:, or "achiote paste", is made from ground
704:Mature achiote pods, showing the red seeds
673:, it is cultivated in many world regions.
75:
51:
1550:
1442:
1393:
1375:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1129:
364:The plant is best known as the source of
1751:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1227:
743:(which is the only plant to produce the
727:
699:
691:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
14:
2398:
1803:
1573:
1523:Journal of Food Science and Technology
1263:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
508:
361:is grown in many countries worldwide.
34:. For the tuber known as anchote, see
1974:
1973:
1867:
1837:
1835:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1756:(in Spanish). Editorial La Prensa S.A
1701:
1699:
1697:
1224:
2295:c326cf7e-2156-4ee9-a3ed-8ffbc4291d23
1353:
1351:
1349:
2441:Medicinal plants of Central America
2421:Crops originating from the Americas
2406:IUCN Red List least concern species
1849:from the original on March 20, 2008
1754:"El achiote un colorante saludable"
1157:
1117:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
968:was introduced to peoples like the
935:
24:
1832:
1792:
1694:
1605:"Phl exports 'atsuete' to Vietnam"
1410:
790:cuisines. The seeds are heated in
723:
25:
2492:
2446:Medicinal plants of South America
1951:
1346:
994:, the folk medicine practices of
940:One major traditional use of the
715:The main commercial producers of
478:name derives from the aboriginal
1957:
1752:Gonzalez, Martha (30 Sep 2017).
1074:
1062:
1050:
1038:
1026:
1011:
765:
513:. It may also be referred to as
100:
2347:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:33335-2
1922:
1907:
1888:
1861:
1768:
1745:
1723:
1623:
1597:
1567:
1510:
1489:
1106:Wheeler, L.; Beech, E. (2019).
837:means "season" or "seasoning".
639:
1897:Cultivated Plants of the World
1459:
1321:
1296:
1145:
1099:
687:
568:
13:
1:
1845:. Stanford University. 1997.
1092:
644:Although the exact origin of
1423:Journal of Advanced Research
1364:The Scientific World Journal
990:. The tree has been used in
515:
376:
7:
2466:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2416:Crops originating from Peru
490:, an early explorer of the
10:
2497:
1929:Macoboy, Stirling (1979).
1914:Graf, Alfred Byrd (1986).
1435:10.1016/j.jare.2015.11.002
1004:
462:Etymology and common names
295:Ruiz & Pav. ex G.Don
29:
2436:Flora of Southern America
1982:
1733:. Purdue University. 1990
1535:10.1007/s13197-017-2579-7
1280:: 301–309. Archived from
1264:Morton, Julia F. (1960).
1033:Fruit in Hyderabad, India
380:) obtained from the waxy
248:
241:
224:
217:
97:Scientific classification
95:
73:
64:
59:
50:
45:
2451:Plants described in 1753
2431:Flora of Central America
1477:(in Portuguese). Unicamp
1124:: e.T61986316A61986320.
600:, 80% which consists of
454:is sometimes called the
1871:Indian Medicinal Plants
1731:"New Crops from Brazil"
1656:10.1126/science.1085162
1581:. PROTA. Archived from
861:. Additionally, in the
626:unsaturated fatty acids
537:
531:
525:
504:
482:word "bixa", while the
420:
2481:Trees of South America
1901:New Holland Publishers
914:
880:
874:
853:
839:
833:
827:
736:
705:
697:
604:(the red pigment) and
414:
408:
370:
1895:Ellison, Don (1999).
1868:Khare, C. P. (2007).
1776:"RECIPE: Recado Rojo"
731:
703:
695:
519:, or by its original
510:[aːˈt͡ʃiot͡ɬ]
488:Francisco de Orellana
2461:Puerto Rican cuisine
1966:at Wikimedia Commons
1329:"Plants profile for
988:traditional medicine
952:in Puerto Rico, the
872:, a powder known as
843:is made with ground
502:word for the shrub,
1648:2003Sci...300.2089B
1642:(5628): 2089–2091.
1609:The Philippine Star
1585:on 20 November 2008
1499:. London: Cassell.
1377:10.1155/2014/857292
825:A condiment called
67:Conservation status
36:Coccinia abyssinica
1931:What Tree is That?
1576:"Bixa orellana L."
1495:Lord, Tony (2003)
1284:on 11 October 2018
898:cuisine and dishes
737:
706:
698:
440:indigenous peoples
308:Orellana americana
60:Achiote seed pods
2393:
2392:
2303:Open Tree of Life
1976:Taxon identifiers
1962:Media related to
1881:978-0-387-70638-2
1314:978-0-8247-0421-6
912:condiment called
498:derives from the
334:
333:
328:
320:
312:
304:
296:
288:
280:
272:
264:
260:Orellana orellana
256:
90:
16:(Redirected from
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1529:(6): 1729–1741.
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1057:Seed pod closeup
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1042:
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1020:Hyderabad, India
1015:
962:Spanish Conquest
936:Traditional uses
919:
883:
877:
863:French Caribbean
856:
842:
836:
830:
671:invasive species
540:
534:
528:
518:
512:
507:
484:specific epithet
474:. The botanical
425:
417:
411:
379:
373:
341:, also known as
326:
324:Bixa katangensis
318:
311:(Poir.) Kuntze
310:
302:
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278:
270:
262:
254:
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210:B. orellana
105:
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43:
42:
27:Species of plant
21:
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2489:
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2476:Trees of Brazil
2471:Trees of Belize
2426:Oaxacan cuisine
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1711:The Spruce Eats
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1611:. July 14, 2013
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1333:(lipsticktree)"
1327:
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1018:With fruits in
1016:
1007:
938:
768:
726:
724:Industrial uses
690:
642:
571:
464:
403:cochinita pibil
355:Central America
237:
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91:
80:
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69:
39:
28:
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22:
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2383:wfo-0000342565
2374:
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678:Southeast Asia
669:. Although an
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332:
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316:Bixa upatensis
313:
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614:beta-carotene
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428:food coloring
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415:caldo de olla
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1851:. Retrieved
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1613:. Retrieved
1599:
1587:. Retrieved
1583:the original
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319:Ram.Goyena
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268:Bixa orleana
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120:
40:
2267:NatureServe
2176:iNaturalist
2008:Wikispecies
1137:11 December
986:is used in
916:recado rojo
820:cured meats
717:B. orellana
712:seedlings.
688:Cultivation
569:Description
494:. The name
327:Delpierre
140:Angiosperms
2456:Plant dyes
2400:Categories
2316:Plant List
1899:. London:
1785:2019-04-19
1716:2019-04-19
1370:: 857292.
1339:2019-04-19
1288:10 October
1216:10 October
1210:(annatto)"
1093:References
932:cuisines.
881:colorífico
760:condiments
630:flavonoids
595:carotenoid
444:body paint
400:, such as
396:, and the
353:native to
2321:kew-22274
2142:200014319
2116:200014319
1853:24 August
1818:0257-9774
1806:Anthropos
1737:24 August
1664:0036-8075
1615:August 3,
1543:0022-1155
1386:2356-6140
910:Yucatecan
902:nacatamal
894:Nicaragua
756:ice cream
682:Caribbean
634:vitamin C
622:saturated
466:The name
422:nacatamal
398:Caribbean
349:or small
271:Noronha
255:Salisb.
204:Species:
110:Kingdom:
2411:Bixaceae
2355:Tropicos
2272:2.151105
2246:61986316
2207:11163869
1993:Wikidata
1847:Archived
1826:40458510
1680:12829782
1561:28559632
1453:27222755
1404:25050404
992:Ayurveda
978:Mochicas
954:Tsáchila
930:Belizean
906:fritanga
788:Filipino
784:Chamorro
780:Jamaican
606:norbixin
598:pigments
563:cosmetic
551:orellana
516:aploppas
472:Linnaeus
448:lipstick
243:Synonyms
186:Bixaceae
182:Family:
176:Malvales
153:Eudicots
87:IUCN 3.1
46:Achiote
2360:3800005
2254:MoBotPF
2194:33335-2
2155:2874863
2072:Ecocrop
1999:Q147701
1780:LOS DOS
1672:3834418
1644:Bibcode
1636:Science
1552:5430180
1444:4856788
1395:4094728
1005:Gallery
958:Ecuador
926:Mexican
890:paprika
875:colorau
859:sofrito
770:Ground
745:pigment
732:Oil of
667:Bolivia
659:Ecuador
559:achiote
555:annatto
505:āchiotl
500:Nahuatl
496:achiote
409:achiote
386:Central
371:achiote
366:annatto
345:, is a
343:achiote
303:Bojer
287:Sweet
279:Poir.
192:Genus:
172:Order:
114:Plantae
85: (
18:Achiote
2370:450839
2367:uBio:
2329:PLANTS
2308:287352
2292:NZOR:
2259:277939
2181:127676
2090:584439
2051:484118
2022:APDB:
1937:
1878:
1824:
1816:
1760:27 Aug
1688:560600
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970:Aztecs
964:, the
950:Taínos
908:. The
904:, and
870:Brazil
816:sauces
804:butter
800:cheese
786:, and
665:, and
663:Brazil
655:Mexico
632:, and
547:roucou
538:urucum
436:cheese
432:butter
418:, and
394:Mexico
166:Rosids
2285:66672
2233:22251
2202:IRMNG
2124:FoAO2
2103:BIXOR
2038:55829
2025:11912
1822:JSTOR
1684:S2CID
1668:JSTOR
1589:5 Oct
1481:2 Jun
1475:Inova
1471:(PDF)
1069:Fruit
996:India
974:Incas
946:omens
892:. In
886:maize
854:sazón
849:cumin
840:Sazón
834:sazón
828:sazón
812:gravy
748:bixin
602:bixin
532:urucu
526:uruku
523:name
480:Taíno
476:genus
382:arils
377:bijol
347:shrub
160:Clade
147:Clade
134:Clade
121:Clade
2342:POWO
2334:BIOR
2280:NCBI
2241:IUCN
2228:ITIS
2220:9242
2189:IPNI
2168:7249
2163:GRIN
2150:GBIF
2098:EPPO
2064:LY5D
2046:BOLD
2033:APNI
1935:ISBN
1876:ISBN
1855:2011
1814:ISSN
1762:2021
1739:2011
1676:PMID
1660:ISSN
1617:2024
1591:2014
1557:PMID
1539:ISSN
1501:ISBN
1483:2015
1449:PMID
1400:PMID
1382:ISSN
1368:2014
1309:ISBN
1290:2018
1218:2018
1139:2022
1122:2019
1086:MHNT
976:and
928:and
808:soup
796:lard
624:and
584:aril
543:bija
521:Tupi
446:and
388:and
351:tree
197:Bixa
2378:WFO
2215:ISC
2137:FoC
2111:FNA
2085:EoL
2077:520
2059:CoL
1652:doi
1640:300
1547:PMC
1531:doi
1439:PMC
1431:doi
1390:PMC
1372:doi
1126:doi
956:of
878:or
868:In
794:or
792:oil
657:to
535:or
374:or
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2380::
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2035::
2010::
1995::
1834:^
1820:.
1810:69
1808:.
1794:^
1778:.
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1696:^
1682:.
1674:.
1666:.
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1398:.
1388:.
1380:.
1366:.
1362:.
1348:^
1278:73
1276:.
1272:.
1226:^
1159:^
1120:.
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1084:–
972:,
818:,
814:,
810:,
806:,
802:,
782:,
778:,
661:,
636:.
628:,
620:,
616:,
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434:,
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235:L.
162::
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1943:.
1903:.
1884:.
1857:.
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1154:.
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1128::
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1108:"
89:)
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
