2099:
2089:
1085:
to that time, which was a
Burroughs ALGOL compiler for the 220 computer. That was a great leap forward for software. It was the first software that used list processing and high level data structures in an intelligent way. They took the ideas of Newell and Simon and applied them to compilers. It ran circles around all the other things that we were doing."
845:
IAL's infix boolean operators are all of the same precedence level. Exponents are indicated with paired up and down arrows, which removed any confusion about the correct interpretation of nested exponents; ALGOL 60 replaced the paired arrows with a single up-arrow whose function is equivalent to
1084:
is quoted on BALGOL: "I’m in my second year at
Caltech, and I was a consultant to Burroughs. After finishing my compiler for Burroughs, I joined the Product Planning Department. The Product Planning Department was largely composed of people who had written the best software ever done in the world up
206:
The Zurich ACM-GAMM Conference had two principal motives in proposing the IAL: (a) To provide a means of communicating numerical methods and other procedures between people, and (b) To provide a means of realizing a stated process on a variety of machines...
639:
IAL introduced the three-level concept of reference, publication and hardware language, and the concept of "word delimiters" having a separate representation from freely chosen identifiers (hence, no reserved words). ALGOL 60 kept this three-level
312:) but according to Perlis, this was rejected as an "'unspeakable' and pompous acronym". ALGOL was suggested instead, though not officially adopted until a year later. The publication following the meeting still used the name IAL.
853:
The IAL report does not explicitly specify which standard functions were to be provided, making a vague reference to the "standard functions of analysis." The ALGOL 60 report has a more explicit list of standard
319:
computer. ZMMD was an abbreviation for Zürich (where
Rutishauser worked), München (workplace of Bauer and Samelson), Mainz (location of the Z22 computer), Darmstadt (workplace of Bottenbruch).
259:("Society of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics") (GAMM). It was decided to organize a joint meeting to combine them. The meeting took place from May 27 to June 2, 1958, at
842:
IAL allows one or more array subscripts to be omitted when passing arrays to procedures, and to provide any or all arguments to a procedure passed to another procedure.
1490:
256:
706:
IAL procedure declarations provide separate declaration lists for input and output parameters, a procedure can return multiple values; this mechanism was
1481:
654:
Both IAL and ALGOL 60 allow arrays with arbitrary lower and upper subscript bounds, and allow subscript bounds to be defined by integer expressions.
979:
2130:
723:
in the program and not necessarily at the beginning of a procedure. In contrast, the declarations within an ALGOL 60 block should occur
1318:
1156:
1011:. Los Alamito, CA: (Transcript in J. A. N. Lee (ed.), Computer Pioneers, IEEE Computer Society Press (published 1995). pp. 545–556).
922:
2125:
2093:
572:
660:
The IAL report described parameter substitution in much the same terms as the ALGOL 60 report, leaving open the possibility of
1128:
906:
Backus, J.W. (1959). "The Syntax and
Semantics of the Proposed International Algebraic Language of Zürich ACM-GAMM Conference".
670:
The possibility of including non-ALGOL code within a program was already hinted at, in the context of parameters to procedures.
212:
1667:
1553:
1405:
1780:
1512:
1464:
1174:
873:
476:
252:
1775:
883:
1824:
1704:
975:
2071:
2013:
588:
1533:
1149:
479:
34:
657:
Both IAL and ALGOL 60 allow nesting of procedure declarations and the corresponding identifier scopes.
442:
1354:
1250:
1096:
1649:
1349:
1333:
1286:
1142:
517:
483:
961:
661:
1570:
931:
375:
2066:
1543:
1448:
810:
358:
220:
134:
129:
1118:
1842:
1538:
1418:
1122:
1077:
1069:
1485:
968:
History of informatics in German-speaking countries - Programming languages and compiler design
525:
122:
38:
30:
1924:
1696:
1639:
1548:
1507:
1432:
1343:
935:
817:-statement that cleanly allows testing of multiple conditions. Both were replaced by ALGOL's
509:
343:
297:
88:
191:
25:
379:, beginning a trend of using ALGOL notation in publication that continued for many years.
8:
1958:
1614:
1213:
712:
554:
350:
evolved along its own lines as well, but retained much of ALGOL 58's original character.
271:
236:
224:
64:
1934:
1714:
1609:
1413:
1297:
1183:
1052:
615:
546:
416:
267:
60:
2103:
1939:
1814:
1709:
1629:
879:
584:
331:
275:
68:
1056:
2033:
2028:
1947:
1829:
1042:
963:
Geschichte der deutschsprachigen
Informatik - Programmiersprachen und Übersetzerbau
678:
353:
ALGOL 58's primary contribution was to later languages; it was used as a basis for
1990:
1974:
1966:
1911:
1870:
1795:
1724:
1394:
957:
55:
315:
By the end of 1958 the ZMMD-group had built a working ALGOL 58 compiler for the
2046:
1865:
1729:
1662:
1634:
1517:
1276:
1026:
467:
427:
316:
279:
72:
1752:
2119:
1982:
1895:
1803:
1790:
1770:
1719:
1313:
1280:
826:
150:
2023:
2018:
1995:
1929:
1903:
1847:
1819:
1760:
1619:
1081:
289:
216:
80:
1047:
1030:
2008:
1916:
1765:
1742:
1737:
1657:
1624:
1604:
1022:
1004:
625:
539:
293:
285:
199:
118:
113:
84:
76:
1834:
1785:
1747:
1246:
1241:
580:
260:
169:
1470:
1256:
1236:
1221:
908:
Proceedings of the
International Conference on Information Processing
740:
738:, directly resembling the loop of Rutishauser's programming language
452:
370:
154:
1134:
382:
1884:
1681:
1476:
Euro-Asian
Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification
1377:
1373:
1203:
1198:
600:
535:
339:
195:
760:; ALGOL 60 replaced the parentheses with the word delimiters
1369:
1271:
1266:
1261:
327:
146:
1857:
1382:
1359:
1338:
565:
493:
459:
434:
362:
354:
347:
335:
1458:
1388:
1364:
1328:
1291:
1226:
1165:
667:
IAL allows numeric statement labels, that ALGOL 60 kept.
187:
48:
647:
representing a left-facing arrow) and the equality relation
1475:
1322:
1308:
1302:
1231:
607:
366:
974:(in German). Karlsruhe, Germany: Fakultät für Informatik,
2061:
323:
243:(algorithmische Sprache) in 1957, "at least in Germany".
419:, Heinz Rutishauser, Klaus Samelson, Hermann Bottenbruch
194:. It was an early compromise design soon superseded by
1104:. International Federation for Information Processing.
1031:"Preliminary report: international algebraic language"
251:
There were proposals for a universal language by the
768:, such that the previous statement instead would be
2084:^ = full name and link in prior ALGOL version above
1482:
International
Federation for Information Processing
1098:
633:
257:
Gesellschaft für
Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik
304:The language was originally proposed to be called
211:ALGOL 58 introduced the fundamental notion of the
664:. It is unclear if this was realized at the time.
383:Time line of implementations of ALGOL 58 variants
330:, and soon abandoned. It was also implemented at
2117:
651:was introduced in IAL and kept in ALGOL 60.
1321:(ESPOL) → New Executive Programming Language (
1021:
875:The First Computers: History and Architectures
839:-statement; this was dropped in ALGOL 60.
1150:
871:
1491:Society of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics
1007:(1981). "Talk on Computing in the fifties".
338:, but that implementation soon evolved into
1319:Executive Systems Problem Oriented Language
952:
950:
948:
719:Variable declarations in IAL can be placed
322:ALGOL 58 saw some implementation effort at
1157:
1143:
813:the succeeding statement. IAL provides an
538:/7094 mainframe, then mid-1960s ported to
369:. It was also used during 1959 to publish
263:and was attended by the following people:
1046:
835:IAL provides macro-substitution with the
825:construct, with the introduction of the "
326:, but the effort was in competition with
1121:at the Software Preservation Group (cf.
945:
1070:"Algol 58 implementations and dialects"
2118:
1009:ACM National Conference. Nashville, TN
1003:
920:
905:
167:Most subsequent imperative languages (
2131:Programming languages created in 1958
1554:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
1164:
1138:
1094:
956:
924:An interview with Friedrich L. Bauer
921:Aspray, William (17 February 1987),
756:with the direct English translation
643:The distinction between assignment (
1465:Association for Computing Machinery
1387:Small Machine ALGOL Like Language (
872:Rojas, Raúl; Hashagen, Ulf (2002).
752:, and replacing its German keyword
253:Association for Computing Machinery
13:
1131:at the Software Preservation Group
673:Both IAL and ALGOL 60 have a
14:
2142:
2126:Algol programming language family
1112:
976:Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
2098:
2097:
2088:
2087:
634:ALGOL 58's influence on ALGOL 60
310:International Algebraic Language
157:, Sequentielle Formelübersetzung
985:from the original on 2022-05-19
2062:ALGOL 58 influence on ALGOL 60
1088:
1063:
1015:
997:
914:
899:
865:
684:In-line functions of the form
677:, unrelated, however, to the
557:et al. - evolved into ALGOL 60
1:
858:
255:(ACM) and also by the German
235:Bauer attributes the name to
219:only, and it was not tied to
1534:Case Institute of Technology
443:Naval Electronics Laboratory
342:. An implementation for the
7:
2067:ALGOL 68 to other languages
1074:Software Preservation Group
910:. UNESCO. pp. 125–132.
801:-statement does not have a
736:for i:=base(increment)limit
699:; were proposed in IAL but
386:
223:in the way that Algol 60's
215:, but it was restricted to
100:; 66 years ago
10:
2147:
878:. MIT Press. p. 292.
710:in ALGOL 60 with the
484:Ada (programming language)
246:
186:, is one of the family of
2079:
2055:
1883:
1856:
1689:
1680:
1648:
1600:
1591:
1584:
1571:Royal Radar Establishment
1563:
1526:
1500:
1447:
1440:
1431:
1404:
1212:
1182:
1173:
1129:Algol 58 report from CACM
1035:Communications of the ACM
932:Charles Babbage Institute
727:all execution statements.
681:in C and other languages.
166:
161:
145:
140:
128:
112:
94:
54:
44:
24:
1544:University of St Andrews
734:-statement has the form
1843:Adriaan van Wijngaarden
1539:University of Edinburgh
1419:Van Wijngaarden grammar
1123:Computer History Museum
1078:Computer History Museum
230:
1486:IFIP Working Group 2.1
526:University of Michigan
488:Various (see article)
239:, who coined the term
209:
1925:Cornelis H. A. Koster
1697:Roland Carl Backhouse
1640:Joseph Henry Wegstein
1549:Manchester University
1508:Burroughs Corporation
1095:Naur, P, ed. (1962).
1048:10.1145/377924.594925
591:, Stanford University
510:Burroughs Corporation
298:Joseph Henry Wegstein
204:
192:programming languages
89:Joseph Henry Wegstein
241:algorithmic language
16:Programming language
1959:Willem van der Poel
1615:Hermann Bottenbruch
809:-clause; it rather
555:Thomas Eugene Kurtz
410:ZMMD-implementation
272:Hermann Bottenbruch
237:Hermann Bottenbruch
182:, originally named
95:First appeared
65:Hermann Bottenbruch
21:
2104:Category: ALGOL 60
1935:Charles H. Lindsey
1715:Edsger W. Dijkstra
1610:Friedrich L. Bauer
1298:Dartmouth ALGOL 30
616:Bendix Corporation
547:Dartmouth ALGOL 30
501:Joel Merner et al.
417:Friedrich L. Bauer
268:Friedrich L. Bauer
213:compound statement
61:Friedrich L. Bauer
19:
2113:
2112:
2042:
2041:
2004:
2003:
1940:Barry J. Mailloux
1879:
1878:
1815:Jacob T. Schwartz
1710:Stephen R. Bourne
1676:
1675:
1630:Heinz Rutishauser
1580:
1579:
1427:
1426:
941:on April 22, 2012
703:in ALGOL 60.
675:switch designator
631:
630:
585:Lawrence M. Breed
332:Dartmouth College
276:Heinz Rutishauser
177:
176:
114:Typing discipline
69:Heinz Rutishauser
2138:
2101:
2100:
2091:
2090:
2034:John C. Reynolds
1979:van Wijngaarden^
1948:Lambert Meertens
1830:Bernard Vauquois
1687:
1686:
1668:Robert M. Graham
1598:
1597:
1589:
1588:
1513:Elliott Brothers
1445:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1180:
1179:
1159:
1152:
1145:
1136:
1135:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1092:
1086:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1050:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1001:
995:
993:
991:
990:
984:
973:
954:
943:
942:
940:
934:, archived from
929:
918:
912:
911:
903:
897:
896:
894:
892:
869:
838:
830:
824:
820:
816:
808:
804:
800:
793:
788:
780:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
737:
733:
698:
679:switch statement
650:
646:
597:BALGOL extension
387:
221:identifier scope
108:
106:
101:
56:Designed by
22:
18:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2094:Category: ALGOL
2086:
2075:
2072:ALGOL 68 to C++
2051:
2038:
2000:
1991:Philip Woodward
1975:Michel Sintzoff
1967:Douglas T. Ross
1875:
1871:Kristen Nygaard
1852:
1796:John E. L. Peck
1725:Robert W. Floyd
1672:
1644:
1576:
1559:
1522:
1496:
1450:
1423:
1414:Jensen's device
1400:
1287:Burroughs ALGOL
1208:
1185:
1175:Implementations
1169:
1163:
1115:
1110:
1109:
1101:
1093:
1089:
1068:
1064:
1020:
1016:
1002:
998:
988:
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765:
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753:
749:
745:
735:
731:
685:
648:
644:
636:
385:
300:(from the ACM).
282:(from the GAMM)
249:
233:
198:. According to
104:
102:
99:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2144:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2047:ALGOL Bulletin
2043:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1999:
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1993:
1988:
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1901:
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1868:
1866:Ole-Johan Dahl
1862:
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1854:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1801:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1781:Carroll Morgan
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1732:
1730:Jeremy Gibbons
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1699:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1665:
1663:Bernard Galler
1660:
1654:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1637:
1635:Klaus Samelson
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1601:
1595:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1520:
1518:Regnecentralen
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1468:
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1367:
1362:
1357:
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1347:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1300:
1295:
1289:
1284:
1277:Atlas Autocode
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1218:
1216:
1210:
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1201:
1196:
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1188:
1177:
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1161:
1154:
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1133:
1132:
1126:
1114:
1113:External links
1111:
1108:
1107:
1087:
1062:
1014:
996:
960:(2017-08-07).
944:
913:
898:
885:978-0262681377
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468:Jules Schwartz
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280:Klaus Samelson
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73:Klaus Samelson
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2030:
2029:Peter O'Hearn
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
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1983:Niklaus Wirth
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1896:Susan G. Bond
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1805:
1804:Brian Randell
1802:
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1794:
1792:
1791:Maurice Nivat
1789:
1787:
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1776:John McCarthy
1774:
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1771:Conor McBride
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1720:Andrey Ershov
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1441:Organizations
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1314:Elliott ALGOL
1312:
1310:
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1281:Edinburgh IMP
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1032:
1028:
1024:
1018:
1010:
1006:
1000:
981:
977:
969:
965:
964:
959:
958:Goos, Gerhard
953:
951:
949:
937:
933:
926:
925:
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909:
902:
887:
881:
877:
876:
868:
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834:
831:
812:
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718:
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709:
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148:
144:
141:Influenced by
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53:
50:
47:
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40:
36:
32:
29:
27:
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2102:
2092:
2083:
2024:Ron Morrison
2019:Tony Brooker
1996:Nobuo Yoneda
1930:Peter Landin
1912:Gerhard Goos
1904:Robert Dewar
1848:Mike Woodger
1825:David Turner
1820:Micha Sharir
1808:Rutishauser^
1761:Peter Landin
1734:Julien Green
1705:Richard Bird
1620:Charles Katz
1592:
1451:associations
1449:Professional
1193:
1097:
1090:
1082:Donald Knuth
1073:
1065:
1041:(12): 8–22.
1038:
1034:
1027:Samelson, K.
1023:Perlis, A.J.
1017:
1008:
1005:Perlis, A.J.
999:
987:. Retrieved
967:
962:
936:the original
923:
916:
907:
901:
889:. Retrieved
874:
867:
847:
832:" ambiguity.
790:
782:
774:
770:
744:, replacing
739:
724:
720:
716:declaration.
711:
707:
700:
694:
690:
686:
674:
662:call by name
402:Description
374:
352:
321:
314:
309:
305:
303:
290:Charles Katz
250:
240:
234:
217:control flow
210:
205:
183:
179:
178:
168:
81:Charles Katz
2014:John Barnes
2009:Hal Abelson
1917:Michael Guy
1766:Tom Maibaum
1753:Jørn Jensen
1743:Eric Hehner
1738:David Gries
1658:Bruce Arden
1625:Alan Perlis
1605:John Backus
1168:programming
891:October 25,
805:-clause or
626:Bendix G-15
589:Roger Moore
540:Univac 1108
405:Target CPU
346:220 called
294:Alan Perlis
286:John Backus
200:John Backus
85:Alan Perlis
77:John Backus
2120:Categories
2056:Comparison
1835:Eiiti Wada
1786:Peter Naur
1748:Tony Hoare
1564:Government
1406:Formalisms
1247:ALGOL 68RS
1242:ALGOL 68-R
994:(11 pages)
989:2022-11-14
859:References
854:functions.
846:FORTRAN's
693:) :=
581:Bob Braden
371:algorithms
261:ETH Zurich
170:Algol-like
162:Influenced
151:Plankalkül
39:structured
35:imperative
31:procedural
1971:Samelson^
1944:McCarthy^
1908:Dijkstra^
1839:Wegstein^
1811:Samelson^
1527:Education
1471:BSI Group
1433:Community
1344:Kidsgrove
1257:ALGOL 68S
1237:ALGOL 68C
1222:ABC ALGOL
1186:standards
1184:Technical
827:dangling-
815:if either
783:increment
741:Superplan
482:prior to
453:AN/USQ-17
344:Burroughs
190:computer
155:Superplan
1987:Woodger^
1963:Randell^
1885:ALGOL 68
1682:ALGOL 60
1593:ALGOL 58
1501:Business
1378:Napier88
1374:PS-algol
1214:Dialects
1204:ALGOL 68
1199:ALGOL 60
1194:ALGOL 58
1119:Algol 58
1057:28755282
1029:(1958).
980:Archived
797:The IAL
721:anywhere
708:replaced
640:concept.
601:IBM 7090
573:SUBALGOL
536:IBM 7090
475:Was the
340:ALGOL 60
196:ALGOL 60
180:ALGOL 58
26:Paradigm
20:ALGOL 58
1900:Bourne^
1800:Perlis^
1693:Backus^
1484:(IFIP)
1370:S-algol
1272:ALGOL X
1267:ALGOL W
1262:ALGOL N
978:(KIT).
701:dropped
422:Germany
396:Author
328:FORTRAN
247:History
147:FORTRAN
135:Lexical
103: (
1921:Hoare^
1892:Bauer^
1858:Simula
1701:Bauer^
1585:People
1493:(GAMM)
1478:(EASC)
1383:Simula
1360:NELIAC
1339:JOVIAL
1055:
970:]
882:
811:guards
789:
785:
781:
777:
725:before
566:LGP-30
494:BALGOL
460:JOVIAL
435:NELIAC
399:State
363:NELIAC
355:JOVIAL
348:BALGOL
336:LGP-30
334:on an
296:, and
278:, and
227:were.
225:blocks
149:, IT,
123:strong
119:Static
45:Family
1955:Peck^
1952:Naur^
1757:Katz^
1573:(RRE)
1556:(MIT)
1467:(ACM)
1461:Group
1459:ALCOR
1397:ALGOL
1389:SMALL
1365:RTL/2
1346:Algol
1329:FLACC
1305:ALGOL
1292:CORAL
1227:ALCOR
1166:ALGOL
1102:(PDF)
1053:S2CID
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791:limit
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512:B220
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390:Name
188:ALGOL
130:Scope
49:ALGOL
1395:SMIL
1355:Mary
1323:NEWP
1309:DG/L
1303:DASK
1251:ELLA
1232:ALGO
893:2013
880:ISBN
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775:base
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730:The
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587:and
577:1962
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