1174:
690:, the first time in 150 years, that an amateur astronomer is ranking first among the German top discoverers. His total number of discoveries has since increased to more than 600.
1313:
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1598:
1578:
675:
At the time this minor planet was named, he had discovered more than 540 numbered minor planets. The official naming citation was published by the
495:
343:
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1306:
1087:
1274:
936:
Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015).
1241:
648:
assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and calculates a slightly larger diameter of 12.4 kilometers with an
98:
494:, approximately 12 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 24 December 1981, by American astronomer Laurence Taff at
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846:
1234:
779:
Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012).
32:
938:"Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results"
320:
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442:
245:
781:"Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids"
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669:
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992:
937:
903:
780:
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686:). Bickel has become Germany's most prolific discoverer of asteroids, ahead of (professional) astronomer
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8:
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602:). A more refined lightcurve was obtained in October 2005, by astronomers Raymond Poncy,
526:
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1097:
963:
915:
904:"Results from photometric studies of asteroids at Rozhen National Observatory, Bulgaria"
806:
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1080:
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792:
649:
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in
Socorro, New Mexico, United States. The asteroid was named after amateur astronomer
158:
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1020:[Bickel overtakes Börgen – Most prolific German discoverers of minor planets]
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Ivanova, V. G.; Apostolovska, G.; Borisov, G. B.; Bilkina, B. I. (November 2002).
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1018:"Bickel überholt Börngen – die erfolgreichsten deutschen Kleinplanetenentdecker"
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In
September 2001, the first ever conducted photometric observation of
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by 57 years prior to its official discovery observation at
Socorro.
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once every 4 years and 1 month (1,483 days). Its orbit has an
1483:
668:(born 1942) who began observing minor planets at his private
640:
measures 11.7 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an
382:
1110:
714:"JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 4324 Bickel (1981 YA1)"
778:
606:
and Rui
Goncalves, which gave a well-defined period of
875:"Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (4324) Bickel"
985:
1570:
664:was named in honor of German amateur astronomer
628:According to observations by NASA's space-based
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614:hours with an amplitude of 0.72 magnitude (
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496:Lincoln Laboratory's Experimental Test Site
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1076:VdS-Journal – Vereinigung der Sternfreunde
1026:VdS-Journal – Vereinigung der Sternfreunde
1104:Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR
953:
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592:hours and a brightness variation of 0.63
517:main-belt at a distance of 2.0–3.1
1599:Astronomical objects discovered in 1981
1579:Minor planet object articles (numbered)
1106:– Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
1571:
1048:"Minor Planet Discoverers (by number)"
841:
839:
837:
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833:
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699:
646:Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link
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849:. Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
321:Longitude of ascending node
1081:Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
872:
828:
630:Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer
560:has been characterized as a common
13:
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580:, Bulgaria, rendered a rotational
567:
14:
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1069:
785:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
1120:AstDyS-2, Asteroids—Dynamic Site
1098:Dictionary of Minor Planet Names
1589:Discoveries by Laurence G. Taff
545:in 1924, extending the body's
490:from the middle region of the
1:
847:"LCDB Data for (4324) Bickel"
693:
670:Bergisch Gladbach Observatory
537:. It was first identified as
1028:. April 2013. pp. 80–83
972:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007
908:In: Proceedings of Asteroids
7:
584:with a longer-than-average
333:Argument of perihelion
10:
1615:
815:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8
479:, provisional designation
159:Minor planet category
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718:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
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1090:16 December 2017 at the
748:"4324 Bickel (1981 YA1)"
716:(2017-06-02 last obs.).
553:Physical characteristics
506:Orbit and classification
443:Absolute magnitude
344:Physical characteristics
99:Alternative designations
1258:Minor planets navigator
1169:JPL Small-Body Database
374:Synodic rotation period
184:Orbital characteristics
1448:Trans-Neptunian object
1133:Observation prediction
543:Heidelberg Observatory
513:orbits the Sun in the
216:92.44 yr (33,765 days)
50:Lincoln Laboratory ETS
1112:– Minor Planet Center
993:"MPC/MPO/MPS Archive"
204:Uncertainty parameter
1584:Background asteroids
1421:Distant minor planet
644:of 0.248, while the
632:with its subsequent
533:with respect to the
91:(amateur astronomer)
71:MPC designation
1594:Named minor planets
1220:Physical parameters
1052:Minor Planet Center
997:Minor Planet Center
964:2015Icar..261...34V
916:2002ESASP.500..505I
807:2012ApJ...759L...8M
752:Minor Planet Center
677:Minor Planet Center
624:Diameter and albedo
56:Discovery date
45:Discovery site
23:
1157:Observational info
879:Geneva Observatory
650:absolute magnitude
604:Laurent Bernasconi
578:Rozhen Observatory
194:4 September 2017 (
33:Discovered by
21:
16:Main-belt asteroid
1566:
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1478:
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1363:Meanings of names
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679:on 22 July 2013 (
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304:0° 14 33.72 / day
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873:Behrend, Raoul.
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59:24 December 1981
27:Discovery
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1149:Proper elements
1092:Wayback Machine
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1054:. 23 March 2016
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568:Rotation period
562:S-type asteroid
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1468:Scattered disc
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1436:Neptune trojan
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1411:Spectral types
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1401:Jupiter trojan
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1180:Close approach
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1100:, Google books
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1083:, query form (
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1070:External links
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1386:Aten asteroid
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492:asteroid belt
489:
486:, is a stony
478:
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428:Spectral type
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134:1966 DC
131:
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116:1932 WE
113:
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79:
76:(4324) Bickel
75:
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67:
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1558:Space debris
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1144:
1141:Orbital info
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1128:
1119:
1056:. Retrieved
1051:
1042:
1030:. Retrieved
1025:
1012:
1000:. Retrieved
996:
987:
975:. Retrieved
945:
941:
931:
919:. Retrieved
907:
882:. Retrieved
851:. Retrieved
818:. Retrieved
788:
784:
755:. Retrieved
751:
721:. Retrieved
674:
662:minor planet
659:
645:
637:
627:
573:
571:
557:
556:
523:eccentricity
510:
509:
476:
475:
456:
452:
444:
366:(calculated)
284:Mean anomaly
277:(1,483 days)
257:Eccentricity
168:
150: 1985 XX
147:
138: 1972 NF
135:
132: 1964 PE
129:
120: 1948 SD
117:
114: 1932 UD
111:
64:Designations
18:
1548:Cosmic dust
1512:Long-period
1502:Halley-type
1458:Kuiper belt
1343:Designation
1275:4324 Bickel
1164:4324 Bickel
1116:4324 Bickel
910:: 505–508.
666:Wolf Bickel
527:inclination
500:Wolf Bickel
477:4324 Bickel
451:11.80
310:Inclination
299:Mean motion
87:Wolf Bickel
82:Named after
22:4324 Bickel
1573:Categories
1553:Meteoroids
1532:Sungrazing
1507:Hyperbolic
1463:Oort cloud
1406:Near-Earth
1281:4325 Guest
955:1506.00762
694:References
582:lightcurve
351:Dimensions
235:Perihelion
198:2458000.5)
38:L. G. Taff
1443:Damocloid
1196:Ephemeris
1188:Discovery
1125:Ephemeris
948:: 34–47.
798:1209.5794
672:in 1995.
652:of 11.9.
636:mission,
594:magnitude
412:(assumed)
364:12.39 km
251:2.5455 AU
239:2.0373 AU
165:main-belt
1527:Periodic
1453:Detached
1373:Asteroid
1088:Archived
791:(1): 5.
535:ecliptic
488:asteroid
222:Aphelion
1492:Extinct
1431:Centaur
1166:at the
1058:5 April
1032:5 April
960:Bibcode
912:Bibcode
803:Bibcode
757:5 April
723:20 June
634:NEOWISE
576:at the
539:A924 YC
515:central
481:1981 YA
436:
338:108.71°
326:292.79°
314:7.7760°
226:3.0537
186:
152:A924 YC
141:1973 YR
123:1948 TK
105:1981 YA
1484:Comets
1396:Family
1381:Active
1348:Groups
1216:·
1214:
1208:·
1206:
1200:·
1198:
1192:·
1190:
1184:·
1182:
1153:·
1151:
1145:·
1143:
1137:·
1135:
1129:·
1127:
1002:17 May
977:17 May
942:Icarus
921:17 May
884:17 May
853:17 May
820:17 May
682:M.P.C.
656:Naming
642:albedo
638:Bickel
608:26.592
586:period
574:Bickel
558:Bickel
511:Bickel
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416:0.248
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