473:
unusually warm weather; the sound of gunfire from the town alerted them to trouble. They headed to their own barracks, armed themselves, and were on their parade square awaiting orders when they were attacked by mounted troopers from the 3rd Bengal Light
Cavalry. Upon finding the 60th Rifles unexpectedly armed and waiting for them, the troopers rode away, headed directly to the jail and released their comrades with the help of a local blacksmith. At the same time, soldiers from the 11th and 20th Regiments of Bengal Native Infantry were mutinying, killing some of their officers and some civilians (while helping some of their officers and officers' families to escape), and burning a number of buildings within the town. One company of the 60th Rifles was ordered to guard the
486:
582:
follow the mutineers with either infantry or artillery. Roberts went on to say "after careful consideration of all the circumstances of the revolt at Meerut, I have come to the conclusion that it would have been futile to have sent the small body of mounted troops available in pursuit of the mutineers on the night of the 10th May, and that, considering the state of feeling throughout the Native army, no action, however prompt, on the part of the Meerut authorities could have arrested the Mutiny. The sepoys had determined to throw off their allegiance to the
British Government, and the when and the how were merely questions of time and opportunity." The actions of the 3rd Bengal Light Cavalry themselves were described by
510:, was ordered to intercept them. A party of East India Company civil servants went to secure the fort's Calcutta Gate, but when they arrived they found that troopers from the 3rd Bengal Light Cavalry had already taken control of it. A struggle ensued which led to the death of a cavalry trooper and a civilian. A small group of troopers from the regiment headed toward the city's jail and released the inmates, meeting with no resistance. The main body of the regiment then arrived, joining up with the party at the Calcutta Gate, and then collectively they entered the fort and attacked the civilians within. A small group from the advance party gained access to the private courtyard of
35:
455:
396:
would not accept the cartridges; some approached a junior officer directly, and when they were told that none of the new cartridges were being used, they stated that using any type of cartridge would "lay themselves open to the imputation from their comrades and from other regiments of having fired the objectionable ones." These concerns were communicated to
Carmichael-Smyth, who decided that the parade would go ahead as planned; during the night, Carmichael-Smyth's tent and some buildings were destroyed by fire. The following morning, 90 men, the regiment's
477:, a second company was ordered to guard their barracks, and the remainder of the 60th Rifles, joined by the 6th Dragoon Guards, headed to the barracks of the Native Infantry regiments. When they arrived, they found the buildings ablaze and the area deserted. Hewitt, concerned about the possibility of attack, withdrew the troops back toward their barracks and encamped them nearby. Throughout the mutiny and subsequent rioting, one
446:
entire process took around two hours to complete, following which the convicted soldiers were handed over to the civilian authorities and taken to the local jail under armed escort. After the parade, Hewitt communicated to his headquarters that all was calm, but during the night various junior officials received warnings of impending trouble from concerned sepoys or members of their household staff.
527:, where the majority of the men died through combat, disease or starvation. Those that eventually managed to make their way back to their homes found themselves shunned by their communities for their part in the mutiny. The regiment itself, in common with every other regiment of Bengal Light Cavalry, was disbanded at the end of the Indian Mutiny.
417:
during the parade. During the inquiry, only one man expressed a concern regarding the greased cartridges; the wider concerns of the men were based on the perceived stigma that they would face if they had accepted the ammunition. The inquiry found that the men had no reasonable cause, and no religious grounds, to refuse to accept the cartridges. A
422:
judges asked Hewitt to take into consideration the fact that the men were of good character and had been misled, but this was ignored as Hewitt felt there had been no expression of remorse. Eleven of the men, the youngest, had their sentences reduced from 10 to 5 years, but sentences of the remaining men were confirmed on 8 May.
536:
a junior officer from
Carmichael-Smyth's regiment, Lieutenant John Campbell MacNabb, felt that the drill parade was unnecessary and stated that the dislike held by the men toward their commanding officer was an aggravating factor in the events that followed. When Hewitt informed the Commander in Chief, Major General
563:
of the Bengal
Artillery, blamed each other for the way the situation unfolded; Hewitt said that Wilson was responsible for the tactics on the day, and Wilson stated that as Hewitt was the overall commander, responsibility lay with him; Hewitt lost the appeal. The historian Kim A. Wagner, in his 2010
535:
The way the situation had been handled was subject to criticism; firstly, the choice by
Carmichael-Smyth to hold the firing drill parade was immediately criticised by his superior, Hewitt, who felt that had the parade not been held, the issue with the cartridges "would have blown over." Furthermore,
481:
consisting of between 80 and 90 members of the 3rd Bengal Light
Cavalry remained loyal to their officers. The mutinying soldiers from the 3rd Bengal Light Cavalry, having released their comrades from the jail, returned to Meerut and joined in with the rioting along with members of the local civilian
421:
was ordered, again composed entirely of Indian officers (six Muslim, nine Hindu), and this took place over a three-day period with each of the 85 men giving a plea of "not guilty". The men were found guilty, by 14 of 15 officers, of disobeying orders, and were sentenced to 10 years' hard labour. The
497:
At approximately 09:00 on 11 May, a small body of cavalry, followed by a larger body in the distance, was seen approaching Delhi along the road between that city and Meerut. The East India
Company employees immediately noted that this was unusual, and the senior military officers present within the
412:
to carry out the drill. There was then an attempt to distribute the cartridges to the rest of the carabiniers but this was refused, despite a speech from
Carmichael-Smyth reminding the men that the cartridges were the type they had been using for years. Out of 90 men, 85 refused the order to accept
395:
On 23 April, Carmichael-Smyth announced a parade for the following day, during which the men of the regiment would be taught the new drill, using the muskets and ammunition which they had been using for years, rather than the new rifles or ammunition. During that evening, the men decided that they
472:
The following day, a Sunday, at around 18:00, a general disturbance was reported in the town bazaar and columns of smoke were seen, rising from burning buildings. The 60th Rifles were waiting outside the local church, ready to attend a service, which had been delayed by half an hour on account of
445:
and, dismounted, the remainder of the men of the 3rd Bengal Light
Cavalry. The sentences were read, and the men stripped of their uniforms, then placed in shackles, while the Meerut Division watched. Despite pleas from the condemned men, none of their fellow soldiers came to their assistance. The
416:
Hewitt convened a Court of Inquiry, judged by Indian officers, to investigate the events. The inquiry found that the ammunition issued to the men was of the same type the men previously used, and was in fact manufactured under the supervision of one of the five men who had accepted his ammunition
581:
gave an opposing view; Roberts stated that he doubted "whether anything would have been gained" by an attempt to pursue the mutineers as the cavalry available (the 6th Dragoon Guards) was at that time composed mainly of recruits with horses that had not yet been broken and it was impractical to
514:
and told him that he should take command of them. The regiment spread out throughout the fort and the city, and was eventually joined in mutiny by the forces of Bahadur Shah II and members of the Bengal Native Infantry who were based within the fort; a widespread outbreak of looting, burning of
540:, about the public nature of the men's sentence, and of placing them in irons in front of the entire Meerut Division, on 9 May, Anson confirmed the sentences but did not approve of the "unusual procedure" that Hewitt had followed. For his conduct on 10 May, Hewitt later faced criticism from
392:. On his return to Meerut, Carmichael-Smyth received orders for the new drill, which applied to all weapons currently in use including those which did not take the new form of ammunition. Carmichael-Smyth modified the drill so that cartridges would be torn by hand, rather than biting.
360:
rifle during that year, accompanied by a new type of ammunition that came in the form of a greased paper cartridge. The standard drill (or formal procedure) for loading this ammunition required the user to bite the paper cartridge to open it. Rumours began to circulate within the
482:
population, and then the mutineers from all three regiments left, heading to Delhi, although the fact that they had left Meerut was not discovered by the military authorities until the following morning and they did not know the direction in which the mutineers had departed.
240:
and were tried by court-martial, convicted, and sentenced to up to 10 years' hard labour. After the men were imprisoned, the regiment freed their jailed comrades and headed to Delhi, where their arrival led to the outbreak of the
515:
buildings and murder of East India Company employees and civilian shopkeepers took place, and the Indian Mutiny began in earnest. The mutineers of the 3rd Bengal Light Cavalry remained at Delhi until the breaking of the
276:
J. P. Pigot. At first, the terms "Bengal Native Cavalry" and "Bengal Light Cavalry" were used interchangeably, but by 1857 the regiment was referred to as the 3rd Bengal Light Cavalry in official paperwork.
318:, taking part in the final assault on the fortress and earning the "Bhurtpore" battle honour. The regiment also took part in the 1839 First Anglo-Afghan War, participating in the
1516:
1486:
1511:
556:). Following the mutiny of the troops at Meerut, Hewitt's command of the Meerut Division was taken away. At a subsequent appeal, Hewitt and his immediate subordinate,
1316:
425:
At 05:00 on 9 May 1857, a parade of the entire Meerut Division took place, to announce the sentences of the convicted men. The troops present included the
1506:
303:; for their service during this campaign, the regiment was awarded an Honorary Standard bearing the inscription "Lake and Victory" and an extra
537:
322:, earning the "Affghanistan 1839" and "Ghuznee 1839" battle honours. During the 1845–1846 First Anglo-Sikh War, the regiment fought in the
1501:
568:
stated that the senior officers' fear of "making a 'wrong decision'" led them to make no decision at all, "with devastating results".
339:
1192:
273:
1167:
442:
599:
1441:
1286:
1227:
258:
408:. When Carmichael-Smyth arrived at the parade ground, he found that no man had taken their ammunition, and he ordered the
1324:
574:
545:
502:
to enquire about the approaching troops, but the telegraph line between Delhi and Meerut appeared to have been cut. The
1462:
1496:
549:
430:
261:
553:
296:
467:
356:
William Hewitt. The East India Company planned to supply its locally recruited "Native" regiments with the
426:
1491:
485:
307:. The regiment earned the "Delhi 1803", "Leswarree" and "Deig" battle honours during this campaign.
16:
This article is about the regiment that mutinied in 1857. For the post-1861 3rd Bengal Cavalry, see
1346:
293:
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146:
34:
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503:
438:
285:
222:
150:
17:
349:
245:. Following the events of the mutiny, all the Bengal Light Cavalry regiments were disbanded.
116:
499:
388:
George M. Carmichael-Smyth, in temporary command of the regiment, while he was on leave in
357:
226:
154:
548:, (who was the acting Commander in Chief by that point, following Anson's death) and from
8:
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206:
66:
1355:
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1418:
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1223:
557:
405:
362:
327:
289:
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323:
319:
1452:
1431:
1297:
1276:
1257:
1238:
1217:
560:
511:
1357:
Mutiny Memoirs – Being Personal Reminiscences Of The Great Sepoy Revolt Of 1857
516:
230:
489:"Indian Mutiny: Massacre of officers by insurgent cavalry at Delhi," from the
1475:
1422:
1403:
1365:
1307:
611:
571:
454:
418:
353:
236:
In April 1857, 85 men of the regiment refused to accept cartridges for their
214:
165:
136:
96:
56:
1384:
1267:
1248:
590:, as "a coup d'état and an outstanding example of initiative and courage."
583:
506:, one of three Bengal Native Infantry regiments garrisoned within Delhi's
265:
210:
76:
401:
397:
389:
268:. Consequently, in 1797, the 3rd Bengal Native Cavalry was raised in
507:
474:
409:
202:
106:
1433:
The Indian Cavalry: History of the Indian Armoured Corps, Volume 1
520:
315:
304:
237:
213:. Raised in 1797, the regiment took part in conflicts throughout
86:
1219:
A History of the British Cavalry 1816–1919: Volume 2: 1851–1871
378:
370:
345:
126:
524:
478:
381:
374:
269:
264:
to raise four 465-strong regiments of native cavalry for its
1030:
1028:
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906:
904:
366:
1103:
365:
that the grease for the cartridges was made from a mix of
1132:
1052:
1040:
1025:
1010:
995:
983:
901:
862:
860:
858:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1091:
1081:
1079:
925:
923:
921:
919:
891:
889:
887:
845:
843:
841:
839:
837:
824:
822:
785:
783:
770:
768:
766:
764:
762:
710:
708:
706:
404:, were lined up to carry out the new parade drill using
310:
The 3rd Bengal Light Cavalry was present throughout the
691:
855:
795:
679:
1115:
1076:
971:
959:
947:
916:
884:
872:
834:
819:
807:
780:
759:
747:
725:
723:
703:
669:
667:
665:
663:
661:
659:
657:
1517:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1857
1064:
935:
735:
314:(December 1825 – January 1826) as part of a cavalry
1487:
19th-century military history of the United Kingdom
642:
632:
630:
628:
626:
1295:
720:
654:
617:
1512:Military units and formations established in 1797
1144:
1473:
623:
280:The regiment served with distinction during the
1259:Narrative of the Siege and Capture of Bhurtpore
373:from cows, and was therefore offensive to both
344:In 1857, the regiment had been stationed in
1372:
1058:
1046:
1034:
1019:
1004:
989:
910:
1240:The Bengal Register and Army List for 1857
519:in September 1857. They withdrew first to
330:and was awarded battle honours for both.
33:
1398:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1353:
1255:
866:
801:
714:
697:
530:
292:in 1803, as part of a force commanded by
257:of the East India Company instructed the
1314:
1215:
1070:
685:
484:
453:
1507:Honourable East India Company regiments
1410:
1299:The New Regulations for the Bengal Army
1138:
965:
953:
929:
895:
504:54th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry
458:"The Sepoy revolt at Meerut," from the
443:20th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry
439:11th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry
1474:
1450:
1429:
1391:
1376:Fifty-Two Stories of The Indian Mutiny
1126:
1097:
1085:
977:
941:
878:
849:
828:
813:
789:
774:
753:
741:
729:
648:
600:Causes of the Indian Rebellion of 1857
1395:The Mutiny Outbreak in Meerut in 1857
1274:
1236:
1190:
1165:
1150:
1109:
673:
636:
348:for three years, forming part of the
498:city attempted to contact Meerut by
1417:. London: Richard Bentley and Son.
13:
1414:Forty-one years in India, Volume I
340:Tallow and lard-greased cartridges
217:, serving with distinction in the
14:
1528:
1502:Military history of British India
1302:. Calcutta: East India Company.
1193:"The Sepoy Rebellion of 1857–59"
1379:. London: Hutchinson & Co.
1216:Anglesey, Marquess of (1998).
552:(who was then Commissioner of
39:Flag of the East India Company
1:
1159:
384:alike. These rumours reached
1373:Miles, A; Pattle, A (1895).
1360:. Allahabad: Pioneer Press.
605:
7:
1436:. New Delhi: Vision Books.
1296:East India Company (1796).
593:
10:
1533:
465:
337:
248:
201:, was a locally recruited
15:
1281:. London: Penguin Books.
1168:"The Forgotten Regiments"
579:Forty-one Years in India,
449:
333:
199:3rd Bengal Native Cavalry
164:
142:
132:
122:
112:
102:
92:
82:
72:
62:
52:
44:
32:
27:
1497:Indian Rebellion of 1857
1222:. Barnsley: Leo Cooper.
282:Second Anglo-Maratha War
219:Second Anglo-Maratha War
195:3rd Bengal Light Cavalry
159:Indian rebellion of 1857
147:Second Anglo-Maratha War
28:3rd Bengal Light Cavalry
1278:The Indian Mutiny: 1857
1262:. London: J Creighton.
1243:. London: W. H. Allen.
1059:Miles & Pattle 1895
1047:Miles & Pattle 1895
1035:Miles & Pattle 1895
1020:Miles & Pattle 1895
1005:Miles & Pattle 1895
990:Miles & Pattle 1895
911:Miles & Pattle 1895
618:East India Company 1796
586:Agha Amin, writing for
566:The Great Fear of 1857,
491:Illustrated London News
460:Illustrated London News
253:On 7 January 1796, the
1457:. Witney: Peter Lang.
1454:The Great Fear of 1857
531:Historical perspective
494:
463:
299:against the forces of
223:First Anglo-Afghan War
151:First Anglo-Afghan War
133:Distinguishing colours
1354:Mackenzie, A (1891).
1256:Creighton, J (1830).
488:
466:Further information:
457:
338:Further information:
284:, taking part in the
1345:: CS1 maint: year (
1315:Luscombe, S (n.d.).
358:Pattern 1853 Enfield
227:First Anglo-Sikh War
197:, also known as the
155:First Anglo-Sikh War
1411:Roberts, F (1897).
620:, 2nd page of text.
577:, in his 1897 book
433:, and batteries of
166:Battle honours
18:3rd Skinner's Horse
1451:Wagner, K (2010).
1430:Sandhu, G (1984).
1392:Palmer, J (1966).
1321:The British Empire
1141:, pp. 90, 91.
1100:, pp. 68, 69.
542:Lieutenant General
495:
464:
431:6th Dragoon Guards
386:Lieutenant Colonel
312:Siege of Bharatpur
301:Daulat Rao Sindhia
255:board of directors
229:, earning various
207:East India Company
67:East India Company
1492:Bengal Presidency
1443:978-81-7094-013-5
1288:978-0-141-04097-4
1275:David, S (2003).
1237:Clark, F (1857).
1191:Amin, A (2001b).
1166:Amin, A (2001a).
575:Frederick Roberts
558:Brigadier General
437:, as well as the
363:Bengal Presidency
328:Battle of Sobraon
290:Battle of Laswari
188:
187:
178:Affghanistan 1839
1524:
1468:
1447:
1426:
1407:
1388:
1369:
1350:
1344:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1323:. Archived from
1317:"Indian Cavalry"
1311:
1292:
1271:
1252:
1233:
1229:978-085052-174-0
1212:
1210:
1208:
1199:. Archived from
1187:
1185:
1183:
1174:. Archived from
1154:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1130:
1124:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1089:
1083:
1074:
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1044:
1038:
1032:
1023:
1017:
1008:
1002:
993:
987:
981:
975:
969:
963:
957:
951:
945:
939:
933:
927:
914:
908:
899:
893:
882:
876:
870:
864:
853:
847:
832:
826:
817:
811:
805:
799:
793:
787:
778:
772:
757:
751:
745:
739:
733:
727:
718:
712:
701:
695:
689:
683:
677:
671:
652:
646:
640:
634:
621:
615:
523:, then later to
435:Bengal Artillery
413:the ammunition.
406:blank ammunition
324:Battle of Aliwal
320:Battle of Ghazni
259:Governor-General
37:
25:
24:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1472:
1471:
1465:
1444:
1338:
1337:
1330:
1328:
1327:on 16 June 2017
1289:
1230:
1206:
1204:
1203:on 16 June 2017
1197:Defence Journal
1181:
1179:
1178:on 16 June 2017
1172:Defence Journal
1162:
1157:
1149:
1145:
1137:
1133:
1125:
1116:
1108:
1104:
1096:
1092:
1084:
1077:
1069:
1065:
1057:
1053:
1045:
1041:
1033:
1026:
1018:
1011:
1003:
996:
988:
984:
976:
972:
964:
960:
952:
948:
940:
936:
928:
917:
909:
902:
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885:
877:
873:
865:
856:
848:
835:
827:
820:
812:
808:
800:
796:
788:
781:
773:
760:
752:
748:
740:
736:
728:
721:
713:
704:
696:
692:
684:
680:
672:
655:
647:
643:
635:
624:
616:
612:
608:
596:
588:Defence Journal
561:Archdale Wilson
554:Punjab province
533:
512:Bahadur Shah II
470:
452:
350:Meerut Division
342:
336:
286:Battle of Delhi
251:
191:
183:
181:
179:
177:
175:
173:
171:
157:
153:
149:
117:Meerut Division
40:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1530:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1470:
1469:
1464:978-1906165277
1463:
1448:
1442:
1427:
1408:
1389:
1370:
1351:
1312:
1293:
1287:
1272:
1253:
1234:
1228:
1213:
1188:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1143:
1131:
1129:, p. 168.
1114:
1102:
1090:
1088:, p. 116.
1075:
1063:
1051:
1039:
1024:
1009:
994:
982:
980:, p. 114.
970:
958:
946:
934:
915:
900:
883:
881:, p. 120.
871:
867:Mackenzie 1891
854:
852:, p. 119.
833:
831:, p. 118.
818:
816:, p. 117.
806:
802:Mackenzie 1891
794:
792:, p. 113.
779:
777:, p. 114.
758:
756:, p. 112.
746:
744:, p. 111.
734:
719:
715:Mackenzie 1891
702:
700:, p. 124.
698:Creighton 1830
690:
688:, p. 138.
678:
653:
641:
622:
609:
607:
604:
603:
602:
595:
592:
532:
529:
517:Siege of Delhi
451:
448:
410:Havildar Major
369:from pigs and
335:
332:
250:
247:
231:battle honours
189:
186:
185:
168:
162:
161:
144:
140:
139:
137:Orange facings
134:
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120:
119:
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38:
30:
29:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1529:
1518:
1515:
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1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1482:1857 in India
1480:
1479:
1477:
1466:
1460:
1456:
1455:
1449:
1445:
1439:
1435:
1434:
1428:
1424:
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1416:
1415:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
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1371:
1367:
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1067:
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1060:
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1048:
1043:
1037:, p. 61.
1036:
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1021:
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1007:, p. 59.
1006:
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992:, p. 58.
991:
986:
979:
974:
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967:
962:
956:, p. 85.
955:
950:
944:, p. 87.
943:
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931:
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686:Anglesey 1998
682:
676:, p. 92.
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572:Field Marshal
569:
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550:John Lawrence
547:
546:Patrick Grant
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57:British India
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1325:the original
1320:
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1201:the original
1196:
1180:. Retrieved
1176:the original
1171:
1146:
1139:Roberts 1897
1134:
1112:, Chapter 8.
1105:
1093:
1071:Luscombe n.d
1066:
1054:
1042:
985:
973:
966:Roberts 1897
961:
954:Roberts 1897
949:
937:
930:Roberts 1897
896:Roberts 1897
874:
869:, p. 7.
809:
804:, p. 5.
797:
749:
737:
732:, p. 1.
717:, p. 6.
693:
681:
644:
613:
587:
578:
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538:George Anson
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180:Ghuznee 1839
113:Part of
22:
1127:Wagner 2010
1098:Palmer 1966
1086:Wagner 2010
978:Palmer 1966
942:Palmer 1966
879:Wagner 2010
850:Wagner 2010
829:Wagner 2010
814:Wagner 2010
790:Wagner 2010
775:Wagner 2010
754:Wagner 2010
742:Wagner 2010
730:Wagner 2010
649:Sandhu 1984
427:60th Rifles
402:skirmishers
398:carabiniers
297:Gerard Lake
266:Bengal Army
211:Bengal Army
143:Engagements
123:Garrison/HQ
77:Bengal Army
1476:Categories
1160:References
1151:Amin 2001b
1110:David 2003
674:Clark 1857
637:Amin 2001a
468:The Revolt
262:John Shore
170:Delhi 1803
63:Allegiance
1423:654903427
1404:776225399
1366:835096647
1308:500259001
606:Citations
500:telegraph
390:Mussoorie
176:Bhurtpore
172:Leswarree
48:1797–1857
1385:44792894
1341:cite web
1331:29 March
1268:24185736
1249:36454171
1207:29 March
1182:29 March
594:See also
508:Red Fort
475:treasury
326:and the
288:and the
238:carbines
225:and the
203:regiment
107:Regiment
521:Lucknow
316:brigade
305:Jemadar
294:General
274:Captain
249:History
205:of the
184:Sobraon
87:Cavalry
53:Country
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493:, 1857
462:, 1857
450:Mutiny
441:, the
379:Muslim
371:tallow
352:under
346:Meerut
334:Meerut
221:, the
182:Aliwal
127:Meerut
73:Branch
45:Active
584:Major
564:book
525:Nepal
479:troop
382:sepoy
375:Hindu
1459:ISBN
1438:ISBN
1419:OCLC
1400:OCLC
1381:OCLC
1362:OCLC
1347:link
1333:2017
1304:OCLC
1283:ISBN
1264:OCLC
1245:OCLC
1224:ISBN
1209:2017
1184:2017
544:Sir
377:and
367:lard
270:Oude
193:The
174:Deig
103:Size
93:Role
83:Type
400:or
272:by
209:'s
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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