2017–2019 Romanian protests

1449:. Since the main grievance of the protesters (the government interfering with the fight against corruption) was not addressed, but rather gradually joined by the attempts of the parliament to relax the anti-corruption laws, the protests continued on an almost daily basis throughout the country, with more and more protesters demanding early elections in addition to the resignation of the government. After the winter of 2017, the next mass protest was on 20 January 2018, when 50,000 – 100,000 Romanians went to the streets to protest against proposed changes to the penal code and to the justice system laws. While protests on a smaller scale continued to happen almost daily, mass protests then erupted again on 10 August 2018, when an anti-government protest with the "Diaspora at Home" motto was held in Bucharest. The 10 August 2018 protest was marked by unprecedented levels of violence in comparison to the other 2017–2018 protests, and lead to an ongoing resurgence of mass protests in Romania. 1815: 2108:

meeting, even though it was not listed in the agenda, nor the supplementary agenda list. During the meeting, the emergency government ordinance was passed by the government. A mere five hours after its approval, the ordinance was published in the Monitorul Oficial (the government gazette), thus turning the bill into law. The law were barely modified since the initial draft, and in fact certain aspects of crimes were decriminalised, such as limiting the crime of "favouring the offender", which were not included the initial draft during public consultations. The lack of transparency in passing the bill, as well as the final form of the law, has been interpreted as a lack of consideration of the reactions received by the government and PSD from various parts of Romanian society.

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and the Penal Procedural Code cannot be qualified as an act of arrogation of legislative powers that otherwise belongs to the Parliament. By adopting the Government ordinance bills, the Government acted in accordance with its own competences, as expressly provided in Art. 117 of the Constitution. ... A constitutional conflict did not exist between the Executive Power and the Supreme Council of the Magistracy (CSM), because the Government does not have legal obligation to request approval from the CSM for such ordinances."

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which were affirmed by Justice Minister Iordache the following day when he stated that the intent was to bring the two Codes back to their prior form (including the resulting unconstitutionality). Furthermore, Prime Minister Grindeanu stated that the government will instead try to pass the content from the original ordinance in a new bill through Parliament (where PSD and ALDE have a comfortable majority). Other than that, the government refused to meet any other demands that day, such as the resignation of the cabinet.

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any other demands, including the resignation of the entire cabinet, especially the justice minister, and new elections, led the protesters to question the government's determination and the finality of the matter. Furthermore, Prime Minister Grindeanu stated that the government would try instead to pass the majority of the content from the original ordinance in a new bill through Parliament (where PSD and ALDE have a comfortable majority), angering protesters further. According to estimates by

1995:, also condemned the "brutal intervention of the gendarmerie, vastly disproportionate relative to the actions of the majority of those in Victoria Square". In response, Liviu Dragnea, the leader of the Social Democratic Party, said that "the declaration of president Iohannis is practically an act of subversion of the authority of the state" and that "through this attitude, president Iohannis proves once again that he is the political sponsor of violence and extremist activities". 1710:, the Victoria Palace was surrounded by the protesters and the main entrances blocked (although the people inside managed to leave through other entrances). The protest only subsided by 2 am. Unlike the previous protests, the people participating were visibly more riled up considering the lack of transparency and the lack of consideration of the Romanian society's reactions by the government and PSD. As a result, the protesters were calling for the government's resignation. 2033: 540: 491: 454: 361: 480: 248: 6767: 342: 278: 502: 573: 465: 1485:. After a private meeting between the president, the prime minister and the justice minister, the government meeting was convened and presided over by the president together with the prime minister. Despite the prime minister's initial attempt to block the press' attendance and subsequent avoidance of the subject, the president announced to the media that there were two bills regarding the pardoning of crimes and the amendment of the 551: 407: 634: 588: 372: 758: 513: 599: 1959:

Victoria Square were peaceful protesters. Many people were badly beaten by the police (men or women), some were hit until they fainted. At least one person underwent surgery for the removal of explosives used by the police on the civilians. Images posted on social media showed unarmed protesters being beaten by the gendarmes. The Austrian national public broadcaster

1846:, which continued to try to implement in various ways many of the controversial measures that started the protests in January 2017. Mihai Tudose later, after an internal power struggle, resigned on 15 January 2018 from his office. On 20 January 2018, somewhere between 50,000 and 100,000 people joined an anti-corruption march in Bucharest. After Tudose, 1968:

evidence they had at the time (13 August), it seemed that four Israeli tourists who were in the area of the protests were dragged out of their taxi and beaten up by the law enforcement forces. In total during the protests on 10 August and in the clashes the followed that night, 452 people were injured and 70 were hospitalized, including 3 gendarmes.

1508:, the Public Prosecutor's Office, the Superior Council of the Magistracy and the National Anticorruption Directorate) issued negative opinions on the proposed bills, generally stating that the laws would not achieve their stated goals and would rather undermine both the criminal justice system and the fight against corruption. 2085:

Following the protests on 22 January 2017, Klaus Iohannis announced that he would call for a referendum in order for the public opinion to have a say on these controversial issues. He rebutted Dragnea's claims of a coup by declaring that PSD was attempting a coup d'état against the rule of law in the

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bills regarding the pardoning and amnesty of committed crimes, there were strong rumours in the media that the government intended to pass such bills on 18 January 2017, mere days after the government was sworn in. Since the government did not publish the government meeting's agenda for that day, the

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The United States notes with concern that the Parliament of Romania is considering legislation that could undermine the fight against corruption and weaken judicial independence in Romania. This legislation, which was originally proposed by the Ministry of Justice, threatens the progress Romania has

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The embassies of Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Netherlands and the United States released a strong-worded statement against the passing of the ordinances, both in terms of how it was passed, as well as their content. The statement explained that these actions have undermined the rule of law and

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Despite the negative reactions from the relevant judicial institutions, as well as the massive protests that took place throughout the country, the Grindeanu Cabinet, especially Florin Iordache (Justice Minister), repeatedly restated their position in favour of the bills. However, before 1 February

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against his presidency, in order to speak with them and give them tea. He told the protesters that "we are all Romanians", as a response to many protesters claiming he is against the Romanian population due to his German ethnicity. The dialogue quickly broke down as protesters were shouting against

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Although the Grindeanu Cabinet adopted a new ordinance bill repealing the original bill, on 5 February, between 500,000 and 600,000 people participated in the largest protests in Romania's history. The uncertain constitutionality of the new ordinance as well as the refusal of the government to meet

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issued a statement noting concern that the Parliament of Romania is considering legislation that could undermine the fight against corruption and weaken judicial independence in Romania. They consider the legislation which was originally proposed by the Ministry of Justice to threaten the progress

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On 8 February 2017, the Constitutional Court ruled the following: "A constitutional conflict did not exist between the Executive Power (Government) and the Legislative (Parliament), because the Government decision to adopt the Government ordinance bills regarding the modification of the Penal Code

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On 5 February 2017, due to the pressure of the ongoing protests, the Grindeanu Cabinet adopted a new ordinance (OUG 14/2017) repealing the original bill (OUG 13/2017) that modified the Penal Code and Penal Procedure Code. However, questions surrounding the new ordinance's constitutionality arose,

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Liviu Dragnea stated on 23 January 2017 that the President's attendance at the government meeting on 18 January 2017 was unconstitutional, and that he was attempting a coup against a democratically elected government by participating (and "leading") the protest on 22 January 2017. Furthermore, he

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in Romania (AmCham) issued a statement which said that "t is extremely worrying for the business community and society as a whole, that legislative pieces with such moral, societal and economic implications with immediate and long term effects are adopted by the government without observing the

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Several thousand Romanians began protests against the reported plans to grant prison pardons and decriminalise certain offences. On 18 January, protests in a few cities were organised on social media against the proposed bills. Around 5,000 people protested throughout Romania, with nearly 4,000

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Immediately after it was announced that the ordinance was passed, more than 37,000 people protested that night. The next day, on 1 February, the protests swelled to over 300,000 people throughout the country, continuing then daily and peaking on 5 February, when over 500,000 Romanians protested

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On 31 January 2017, the Grindeanu Cabinet had a meeting during the evening and the published agenda announced that the 2017 Budget will be discussed and passed. However, the emergency ordinance bill regarding the modification of the Penal Code and Penal Procedure Code was introduced during the

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For the 13th consecutive day of protests on 12 February, 50,000 to 70,000 people participated in protests in front of the Victoria Palace, and 30,000 to 33,000 were elsewhere throughout the country, of which 10,000 to 14,000 protested in Cluj-Napoca, 7,000 to 10,000 in Sibiu, 3,000 to 5,000 in

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The rest of the protests throughout the country were started and ended peacefully, with the participation being as follows: Cluj-Napoca: 35,000, Timișoara: 20,000, Sibiu: 20,000, Iași: 10,000, Brașov: 8,000, Târgu-Mureș: 6,000, Constanța: 5,000, Bacău: 6,000, Alba Iulia: 5,000, Craiova: 4,000,

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reported as well that one of their journalists was beaten by riot police while "live broadcasting on Facebook an intervention of the riot police on Victoriei Avenue, close to Victoriei Square where most of the protest took place". The Israeli embassy released a statement that according to the

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use tear-gas, pepper spray, a water cannon and gas grenades, at the orders of the prefect of Bucharest, Speranța Cliseru, on the civilian population, indiscriminately. Reportedly, some of the attendees, presumably protesters, were violent themselves, but the majority of the people gathered in

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As a result of the government refusing to repeal the ordinances, the protests continued on 1 February with 230,000 to 300,000 people participating throughout the country. So far, these were the largest protests in Romania since the fall of the communist regime. The calls for the repeal of the

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The Superior Council of Magistracy (CSM), as well as the Presidency, notified the Constitutional Court on 1 and 2 February 2017 respectively that there was a constitutional conflict between the relevant institutions (government, parliament and CSM) with regards to the procedure chosen by the

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participated in the event in order to show his solidarity with the protesters and announced to reporters that "a gang of politicians who have problems with the law want to change the legislation and weaken the state of law, and this is inadmissible ... Romanians are rightly indignant."

1874:), who returned home in large numbers for the protest. Up to 100,000 protesters gathered in front of the Victoria Palace, the government headquarters located in the centre of Bucharest. Over 40,000 people protested in other major cities across the country, including 15,000 in 1854:, was nominated to be the new Prime Minister of Romania. Viorica Dăncilă took office on 29 January 2018. During her time as Prime Minister, the protests against the government and parliament have continued, and since February 2018 have gradually grown in size and intensity. 5688:"Decizie fulger în guvernul Dragnea/Grindeanu: A fost adoptat proiectul de lege privind graţierea şi OUG privind modificarea Codurilor. Mii de oameni au ieşit să protesteze în faţa Guvernului. Reacţia preşedintelui Iohannis: Astăzi este o zi de doliu pentru statul de drept" 2019:

On 11 August, around 30,000 to 65,000 people continued to protest in front of the Victoria Palace in Bucharest, with an extra 15,000 to 20,000 protesting in other major cities across the country. The protest, titled "We won't leave until you leave" (with reference to the

1790:, 300,000 people were present at the protest in Bucharest, followed by Cluj-Napoca (50,000), Sibiu (45,000), Timișoara (40,000), Iași (30,000), Ploiești (15,000), Brașov (10,000), Craiova (10,000), Baia Mare (8,000), Constanța (7,000), Oradea (5,000) and Bacău (5,000). 5687: 5545: 1704:, announced to the press that evening that the bills had been approved, a protest started taking place 30 minutes afterwards. Within two hours, the protest swelled to 15,000 people despite the late hours and cold weather. Due to the small initial presence of the 2948: 5346: 1801:

in Bucharest, and some other 25,000 protesters around the country. As many as 15,000 people protested throughout the country with 8,000 in Bucharest on 7 February, and on 8 February, over 9,000 protesters in Bucharest and 8,000 in the rest of the country.

3087: 2016:, the European Commission follows the events with worry and gives an increased importance to the independence of the judiciary system and of the fight against corruption. Peaceful protests ended in violence. Violence can never be a solution in politics". 4973: 1511:

Civil society and certain media outlets also took a similar stance against the bills, and claimed that the government's reasoning for these bills conceals an intent to pardon convicted politicians and cease ongoing cases against accused politicians.

5206:"Die gewaltsamen Zusammenstöße in #Bukarest, bei denen zahlreiche Demonstranten und Journalisten verletzt wurden, verurteilen wir scharf. Hier erwarten wir volle Aufklärung. Dem verletzten Kameramann des #ORF wünsche ich eine schnelle Genesung. 2/2" 1713:

Thousands of people also came out to protest in other cities throughout Romania against the ordinances adopted by the government: Cluj-Napoca (5,000), Timișoara (1,500), Sibiu (2,000), Brașov (1,500), Iași (500), Ploiești (100) and Constanța (100).

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2017, Florin Iordache was seemingly backing down by leaning towards the option of the laws not being passed as Emergency Government Ordinances, but rather being sent to Parliament after the public consultations and modifications have been made.

4037:"Protest spontan in Piata Victoriei, in miez de noapte: Circa 15.000 de oameni au iesit in strada. Situatia a fost foarte tensionata. Jandarmii au dat cu spray lacrimogen la una dintre intrari. Cele 2 ordonante, publicate in Monitorul Oficial" 1657:, and went on a peaceful march that included planned stops at the media watchdog CNA, the Ministry of Justice, the HQ of the Ombudsman and the government. Solidarity marches took place in several countries abroad, with the largest reported in 4036: 2011:

stated through its spokesperson that it is "closely following the events in Romania" and that "The protesters critiqued the decline of the progress in the domains of judicial reforms and in the fight against corruption. In the context of the

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called for "prompt, thorough, independent and impartial investigations by civilian authorities into the allegations of unnecessary and excessive use of force by the gendarmerie against participants of a protest in Bucharest on 10 August".

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published the bills on its website and sent them to the relevant judicial institutions for consultations. The government's main stated reason for these bills was that prisons were overcrowded and in order to avoid paying a fine to the

5153: 2804: 3674:"Miscare – surpriza a lui Iohannis: a venit pe nepregatite si a condus sedinta de Guvern in care urma sa se adopte gratierea si dezincriminarea unor infractiuni. Iohannis a anuntat ca Guvernul nu adopta azi ordonantele de urgenta" 4221:"VIDEO FOTO Jumatate de milion de oameni au iesit in strada la Bucuresti si in tara. 500.000 de romani au cerut demisia guvernului Grindeanu, dar premierul i-a sfidat in direct la Antena 3. Momente inaltatoare in inima Capitalei" 2751:"VIDEO Peste 12.000 de manifestanți au fost în Piața Victoriei, pentru a treia seară de protest – "M**e, m**e PSD!", "Demisia!", "Analfabeta!" / Prezența jandarmilor, mult redusă față de serile precedente – Esential – HotNews.ro" 2550: 1696:, the government seat. Although the government meeting's agenda only included the approval of the proposed 2017 budget, the cabinet secretly introduced and approved the ordinance bills during the meeting that evening. Once the 1436:

Opponents raised accusations that the ordinance was intended for decriminalisation of government corruption, and to help hundreds of current and former politicians to escape ongoing criminal investigations or prison sentences.

3691: 5413:"VIDEO A treia zi de proteste in fata Palatului Cotroceni. Aproximativ 2.000 de oameni au cerut demisia presedintelui Iohannis / O parte dintre protestatari au fost adusi cu microbuze de Dolj/ Mircea Badea a fost la protest" 4974:"VIDEO HotNews.ro journalist beaten by riot police during Bucharest anti-govt protests. "I yelled I am a journalist and lifted my hands above my head. One punched me, another kicked me in the back" – Top News – HotNews.ro" 4897: 1489:. He further announced that the prime minister assured him that these ordinances would not be passed without a transparent process, which included consulting with the relevant judicial institutions, as well as the public. 5895:

made in recent years to build strong judicial institutions shielded from political interference. We urge the Parliament of Romania to reject proposals that weaken the rule of law and endanger the fight against corruption.

3830:"Protest masiv anti-amnistie si gratiere in Bucuresti. Circa 30.000 de persoane au parcurs traseul Piata Universitatii – Guvern – PSD – ALDE. Protestul a fost pasnic, dar RTV si Antena 3 vorbesc despre "lovitura de stat"" 5564: 2259: 6755: 5546:"Liviu Dragnea despre Klaus Iohannis: A dat buzna in sedinta de Guvern in afara Constitutiei. Isi cere suspendarea. Vrea sa se victimizeze. Nu suntem interesati de asta, nu cred ca trebuie pentru Romania asa ceva" 4770: 2118:

On 8 February 2017, the Minister of Justice, Florian Iordache, announced his resignation with immediate effect due to the scandal that ensued from the controversial ordinance that modified the two penal codes.

2551:"Dragnea: Atac la adresa SRI și a lui Eduard Hellvig pentru implicare în protestele anti-PSD din țară/ Despre Liviu Alexa: "Nu s-a aliniat la bătăuși. Nu s-a aliniat să-l pupe în fund pe Iohannis, mă scuzați"" 4879: 3867:"Proteste de amploare impotriva amnistiei si gratierii si in numeroase orase din tara: Peste 5.000 de manifestanti la Cluj, 3.000 la Timișoara si Sibiu, 2.000 la Iasi – "Dragnea, sa ajungi imbracat in dungi"" 3010: 2949:"VIDEO Peste 24 mii de persoane au protestat pașnic în Piața Victoriei / Oamenii au cerut demisia guvernului și au aprins lumânări în memoria tinerelor ucise la Caracal și a celor care au murit la Colectiv" 5372: 1949:

The protest in Bucharest started out peacefully, but was marked by the violent attack of the police force in response to some of the protesters who attempted to force their way into a government building

5583: 5347:"Peste 100.000 de oameni au protestat sâmbătă, pentru a doua zi consecutiv, în București și în marile orașe / În afară de câteva incidente minore, manifestația din Piața Victoriei s-a desfășurat pașnic" 3088:"Peste 100.000 de oameni au protestat sâmbătă, pentru a doua zi consecutiv, în București și în marile orașe / În afară de câteva incidente minore, manifestația din Piața Victoriei s-a desfășurat pașnic" 4358: 2769:"VIDEO A treia zi de proteste și în marile orașe din țară. La Cluj oamenii au cântat 'Imnul golanilor', la Sibiu s-a scandat 'Hai români, hai cu toți, să scăpăm țara de hoți' – Esential – HotNews.ro" 2095:

stated that the President has been insistent in blocking the implementation of PSD's electoral programme, and that the president's actions risked the possibility of his suspension by the Parliament.

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On 2 February, over 200,000 people protested, with 80,000 in Bucharest. On each of the next two days, more than 300,000 people participated in protests with more than 150,000 in Bucharest alone.

6528: 5745:"Premierul Grindeanu: Demisia guvernului nu intra in calculele noastre. Situatia lui Iordache se va lamuri dupa ce-si sustine bugetul in Parlament. Modificarile la Coduri sunt absolut necesare" 3168: 6748: 5008: 3848: 5070: 4386: 3573: 4991: 4733: 3651:"ALERTA SURSE Guvernul va adopta miercuri Ordonanta de Urgenta cu modificari importante in legislatia penala/ Vor fi gratiate o serie de pedepse si dezincriminate fapte (amnistie mascata)" 3200: 2805:"VIDEO Zeci de mii de oameni au protestat în București și în marile orașe din țară împotriva OUG pe justiție: 'Abrogați și apoi plecați!' / 'Asta este țara noastră, nu este moșia voastră'" 6733: 3302: 3028: 6355: 2086:

country, and that Romanians had the right to vote on these issues, especially since they were not part of PSD's electoral programme upon which they won the 2016 parliamentary elections.

6835: 5179: 4824: 3866: 5328: 4359:"VIDEO Noi proteste impotriva Guvernului in orasele tarii: 10.000 de manifestanti la Cluj, 7.000 la Sibiu, 5.000 la Timișoara, 3.000 la Iasi. Nu stati la caldura, si pe voi va fura!" 2714: 6741: 4581: 2002:

strongly condemned the "violent confrontations in Bucharest, at which numerous protesters and journalists were injured" and wished a "speedy recovery to the injured ORF cameraman".

6901: 2912: 4880:"Ordinul de intervenție în forță a Jandarmeriei în Piața Victoriei a fost dat de Prefectul Capitalei, Speranța Cliseru, fostă consilieră a Gabrielei Firea – Esential – HotNews.ro" 4789:"VIDEO FOTO Peste 2.000 de oameni au protestat în Piața Victoriei după decizia CCR privind revocarea șefei DNA / Îmbrânceli între jandarmi și protestatari – Esential – HotNews.ro" 4536: 4771:"Proteste pentru sustinerea DNA si a Laurei Codruta Kovesi, anuntate in Bucuresti si in mai multe orase, sub sloganul "Tudorele, pleaca tu, cu hotii tai" – Esential – HotNews.ro" 4199: 5565:"Florin Iordache despre Ordonantele privind gratierea si modificarea Codurilor Penale: Le-am scris eu si consiliera mea. Le-am sustinut ca deputat, mi le-am asumat ca ministru" 3972: 4271: 2786: 2248: 7051: 7029: 1688:

After the Grindeanu Cabinet approved the aforementioned emergency ordinances on Tuesday evening, 31 January, thus turning them into laws, an impromptu protest took place at

5394: 2966: 2840: 5432:"Circa 100 de persoane protesteaza, pentru a patra zi consecutiv, in fata Palatului Cotroceni / Klaus Iohannis a mers in mijlocul protestatarilor: Suntem cu totii romani" 3811:"Protest in Capitala impotriva amnistiei si gratierii. Mii de manifestanti au scandat "PSD, ciuma rosie", "DNA sa vina sa va ia" sau "Fara amnistie, va vrem la puscarie"" 3367: 4182: 2115:

On 6 February 2017, the Ministry of Justice announced that the intended bill for modifying the two Codes would not be drafted and sent to Parliament for the time being.

4415: 2044:. Between 1,500 and 2,500 people rallied, demanded the resignation of President Klaus Iohannis. The following day, around 4,000 counter-protesters also met in front of 1797:

An estimated 50,000 people continued to protest on 6 February demanding the resignation of Grindeanu Cabinet, with between 20,000 and 25,000 protesting in front of the

5860:"AmCham Romania: The lack of transparency in adopting legislative changes sends a strong negative wave of mistrust and uncertainty, internally and externally – AmCham" 3632:"Iordache si-a dat demisia din functia de ministru al Justitiei: Toate initiativele asumate sunt legale si constitutionale / Pentru opinia publica nu a fost suficient" 2663: 5256: 2678: 5135: 3692:"Moment inedit la sedinta de guvern: Klaus Iohannis nu a lasat presa sa iasa din sala pana nu a vorbit despre "cei doi elefanti de care nu vrea sa vorbeasca nimeni"" 5431: 4476: 6650: 4955: 5154:"Prima reacţie a lui Klaus Iohannis după incidentele din Piaţa Victoriei: Condamn ferm intervenţia brutală a Jandarmeriei/ Ministrul de Interne să dea explicaţii" 4220: 4055: 2822: 6856: 4933: 1870:

Fresh anti-government protests took place on August 10, 2018. The event, entitled "Diaspora at Home", was organized and promoted by Romanians living abroad (the

5602: 3732: 1419: 6805: 6589: 5668: 5044: 2536: 2768: 6447: 6406: 5744: 3595: 6763: 2481: 6388: 4128: 3924: 4168: 3829: 4008: 4842: 4788: 4434: 1645:, while several tens of thousands of protesters were registered across the rest of the country. For instance, some 10,000 people took to the streets in 5292: 3904:"Proteste anti-amnistie si gratiere in mai multe capitale europene. Zeci de oameni au iesit in strada la Londra, Paris, Milano, Haugesund si Copenhaga" 3810: 3389: 3046: 1415: 7019: 4610: 3510: 2398: 4096: 2750: 4806: 4640: 3533: 2992: 2622: 2233: 5395:"Circa 4.000 de persoane au protestat la Palatul Cotroceni, cerand demisia presedintelui Iohannis: DNA fara cucuvea / Oamenii au inceput sa plece" 4722: 4239: 3791: 1641:", tens of thousands of people again took to the streets in Romania's main cities on 29 January. Over 50,000 people were attending the protest in 6906: 5781: 5653: 5620: 4696: 4318: 4257: 4114: 3613: 3288: 3270: 1618:(together with the city's mayor). There were also notable protests in Sibiu, Iasi, Brasov, Bacau and Constanta, as well as solidarity meeting in 5726:"SURSE Guvernul Grindeanu a inregistrat la Secretariatul General al Guvernului un proiect de lege cu prevederile controversate din ordonanta 13" 5293:"VIDEO FOTO Peste 50.000 de oameni au protestat din nou în Piața Victoriei. Ei au scandat "Demisia!" și "Hoții!" / Manifestația – fără violențe" 4748: 3410: 1456:, who as justice minister was formally responsible for putting forward the ordinance, resigned shortly thereafter over the scandal that ensued. 7119: 6424: 3631: 5412: 3323: 6557: 5502: 4898:"Ziua in care, in Romania, s-a incercat uciderea libertatii – cum s-a transformat un protest pasnic intr-un teatru de razboi (Foto si Video)" 5669:"Ordonanta de Urgenta a fost publicata in Monitorul Oficial/ PSD face istorie: Publicare in timp record/ Cum mai poate fi blocata ordonanta" 4154: 7134: 6660: 6640: 4956:"Jurnaliști ai televiziunii austriece de stat, bătuți de jandarmi în timpul protestului de vineri, de la București – Esential – HotNews.ro" 2062:

On 9 June 2018, the ruling Social Democratic Party (PSD) organised a pro-government rally in Bucharest, which had over 100,000 attendants.

1008: 968: 884: 880: 3186: 3146: 6698: 6533: 6377: 5635: 4843:"VIDEO FOTO Aproximativ 3000 de persoane au protestat în Piața Victoriei: Analfabeta! Justiție, nu corupție! Noaptea hoți, ziua mafioți!" 2317: 3750: 3451: 2342: 2141:

stifled the fight against corruption. They further explained that the government's actions risk damaging Romania's partnership with the

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was sworn into office in Romania, protests took place throughout the country against ordinance bills that were proposed by the Romanian

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Following a mobilisation on social media after the initial protest, over 30,000 people protested on 22 January in Bucharest. President

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As snowy weather swept Bucharest of 8 February 2017, President Iohannis went out to meet the 100 people protesting in front of the

1814: 4272:"LIVE VIDEO A saptea zi de proteste – Circa 20.000 de persoane s-au adunat in Piata Victoriei: Demisia, Jos Iordache, Jos Dragnea" 3714: 1723:

ordinances, as well as for the resignation of the government, continued. Around 150,000 people peacefully protested in Bucharest.

7129: 6810: 6517: 6382: 5834:"Major Partner Countries Call on the Government of Romania not to Reverse its Fight Against Corruption | U.S. Embassy in Romania" 5219: 4056:"Proteste in tara: Mii de oameni au iesit in strada in Cluj, Sibiu, Timișoara, Brasov, Iasi, Constanta, Ploiesti, Craiova, Orade" 2056:

him, uninterested in establishing a discussion, and he left soon after. The anti-Iohannis protest attracted 400 people that day.

2040:

Starting with the afternoon of 5 February 2017, a much smaller crowd of people rallied in support of the Grindeanu government at

6605: 6522: 5329:"Proteste în Piața Victoriei, ziua 2. 30.000 de oameni au manifestat pașnic și le-au dăruit trandafiri albi jandarmilor. VIDEO" 4807:"2.000 de oameni au protestat în Piața Victoriei. Incidente cu jandarmii, după ce au vrut să intre în curtea Guvernului. VIDEO" 2715:"Proteste în Piața Victoriei, ziua 2. 30.000 de oameni au manifestat pașnic și le-au dăruit trandafiri albi jandarmilor. VIDEO" 2179:

has urged the Parliament of Romania to reject proposals that weaken the rule of law and endanger the fight against corruption.

5798: 5091: 3069: 1727:

Galați: 3,500, Arad: 2,500, Mediaș: 2,000, and Brăila: 1,000. There were also protests in cities throughout Europe with large

6861: 6469: 6411: 6340: 4387:"VIDEO Protest in inima Bucurestiului cu peste 50.000 de oameni care au format tricolorul: "Vrem sa muncim, nu sa va pazim!"" 1963:

reported that one of their cameramen covering the protest in Bucharest was beaten up by gendarmes. The Romanian news website

6916: 2967:"VIDEO Circa 4.000 de persoane au protestat la Palatul Cotroceni, cerand demisia presedintelui Iohannis: DNA fara cucuveaua" 1971: 1862: 6921: 6688: 6683: 6464: 6394: 5925: 5449: 5373:"Protestul de la Cotroceni, la care au participat 2.500 de oameni, majoritatea persoane in varsta, s-a incheiat dupa 7 ore" 4300: 3849:"Robert Turcescu: Dragnea, ai curaj să vii şi tu la miting? Raluca Turcan şi Nicuşor Dan, prezenţi în Piaţa Universităţii" 3773: 3011:"Bilanţul violenţelor de la protestul diasporei din Piaţa Victoriei: 452 de persoane au avut nevoie de îngrijiri medicale" 7024: 6610: 6505: 6499: 3109: 1931: 1505: 958: 5707:"Sefa CSM despre OUG:Consider periculos si nedemocratic acest demers lipsit de respect fata de transparenta decizionala" 2372: 1610:, were also present at the protest in support of the protesters. Over 5,000 people also participated at the protests in 30: 6936: 6911: 6335: 7058: 4941: 3029:"Un nou bilanţ după proteste: 452 de persoane au avut nevoie de ajutor medical. Trei oameni au arsuri pe 15% din corp" 7063: 6851: 6511: 6435: 2565: 2176: 2171: 1923: 1769: 1587: 1003: 857: 1926:(PSD). This included the governmental decision-making on judicial legislation and the attempted modification of the 1830:

was removed from the office of Prime Minister by his own party (PSD), after an internal power struggle. Afterwards,

1557: 6703: 6693: 6600: 5523: 2198: 1603: 948: 888: 868: 3673: 7009: 6400: 4825:"Celebrele gafe ale premierului Viorica Dăncilă – de la 'imunoglobină', la 'douăzeci-douăzeci' și 'privelegiați'" 4077: 2188: 2175:

Romania has made in recent years to build strong judicial institutions shielded from political interference. The

1469: 1433:

secretly approved an ordinance modifying the Penal Code and Penal Procedure Code during the night of 31 January.

4457: 3128: 7139: 6718: 6487: 6481: 5953: 3886:"UPDATE Aproximativ 5.000 de oameni au mărşăluit pe străzile Timişoarei: "Dragnea, nu uita, asta nu e ţara ta"" 3227: 2424: 1806:

Timișoara, 3,000 in Iași, 1,500 in Brașov, 500 in Constanța, 400 in Craiova, 300 in Galați, and 300 in Oradea.

1498: 1452:

So far, protestors have succeeded in compelling the government in 2017 to withdraw the contested ordinance and

892: 2858: 6825: 6595: 6493: 6453: 5584:"Iordache: Actele normative nu se fac pentru politicieni, se fac pentru a rezolva politica penală a statului" 2876: 2082:

stated on 20 January 2017 that the presidency requested the government to withdraw the government proposals.

2059:

On 12 February 2017, the pro-government/anti-Iohannis protest continued for its 9th day with 400 protesters.

1943: 1493: 1399: 976: 5310: 5180:"Dragnea, prima reacție despre proteste: "Cel mai grav este mesajul iresponsabil al președintelui Iohannis"" 4558: 3492: 3433: 2500: 2289: 7124: 6881: 6820: 6800: 6655: 6645: 6539: 6429: 5984: 4494: 2158: 2075:

After receiving negative opinions from the judicial institutions regarding the government ordinance bills,

1654: 1531: 1075: 785:

Stopping the government's and parliament's measures that weaken the fight against corruption (second phase)

778:

Withdrawal of the government decrees that pardon some crimes and modify criminal code provisions regarding

4861: 3201:"Nucleara din justitie. Lista potentialilor beneficiari ai dezincriminarii mascate a abuzului in serviciu" 2024:) had no violent incidents, although 12 people were treated for panic attacks, hypertension and fainting. 7114: 6815: 5071:"Jandarmii raniti la protestele din Piata Victoriei se recupereaza. Doi din trei vor fi externati astazi" 3169:"Romanian government secretly adopts emergency ordinances critics say undermine fight against corruption" 1697: 4666: 4129:"PROTEST BUCURESTI 2 FEBRUARIE. UPDATE ZECI de MII de oameni protesteaza in Piata Victoriei LIVE | B365" 3473: 2640: 6350: 2913:"Marș pentru Alexandra. Revolta și mânia scot oamenii în stradă: 'Alo, 112, sunt România, salvați-mă!'" 963: 876: 3973:"Massive protests in Romania over draft pardon bill, changes to Penal Code for second Sunday in a row" 1429:

Despite the negative reactions from both the judicial institutions and the public, the newly sworn-in

6946: 6871: 6678: 6155: 5311:"FILMUL protestului din 11 august. "Scenariul Puterii, dejucat": 65.000 de români în Piața Victoriei" 5009:"Turiști israelieni coborâți din taxi și bătuți de jandarmi în timpul protestului. Reacția Ambasadei" 4756: 4183:"A cincea zi de protest în București. 170.000 de oameni, în stradă. Au strigat: "Anulaţi şi plecaţi"" 3943:"Peste 10.000 de clujeni protestează împotriva OUG privind grațierea și modificarea codurilor penale" 1935: 1835: 1774: 1689: 1535: 6896: 6371: 4641:"Romanian expats return home for major anti-government protest, clash with police – DW – 10.08.2018" 3534:"Romanian expats return home for major anti-government protest, clash with police – DW – 10.08.2018" 2930: 2894: 2732: 7104: 7094: 7084: 6988: 6108: 5918: 3755: 2203: 1481:, took it upon himself to attend and preside over the meeting, as envisioned by Article 87 of the 6971: 5989: 2193: 2008: 1482: 6830: 1983:, one of the opposition parties, requested the resignation of the Minister of Internal Affairs, 1938:, the gaffes of the prime minister and the fact that the leader of the Social Democratic Party, 7109: 7099: 7089: 7034: 7014: 6981: 6961: 6120: 5205: 803: 6620: 4697:"Mitingul Diasporei: 100.000 de protestatari și incidente violente serioase – DW – 11.08.2018" 6976: 6956: 6891: 6345: 6125: 6088: 4582:"Romanians from abroad to gather in Bucharest; rally in Piata Victoriei announced on social." 2208: 2003: 1988: 1951: 1927: 1706: 1486: 1430: 1407: 1391: 992: 82: 2823:"Protest amplu în Piața Victoriei: 10.000 de persoane au scandat împotriva Guvernului. FOTO" 6886: 6043: 5968: 5859: 4992:"Ambasada Israelului: Patru israelieni bătuţi de forţele de ordine vineri seară; vor face." 2076: 2021: 1919: 1915: 1847: 1474: 1087: 941: 899: 864: 818: 5467: 5274: 2696: 1446: 1422:, who alongside other civic groups organized what proved to be the largest protests since 202: 8: 7004: 6931: 6150: 5911: 5092:"Romania: Tens of thousands protest for second night running | DW | 12.08.2018" 4723:"Hundreds hurt as riot police fire tear gas into crowds and beat protesters in Bucharest" 2993:"VIDEO. Cum a decurs marele miting PSD-ALDE organizat la București. Principalele momente" 2213: 1851: 1653:

TV station. In Bucharest, the crowd of protesters gathered in the centre of the city, at

1638: 1442: 1423: 708: 490: 214: 166: 6926: 3271:"Cel mai amplu protest din ultimii 25 de ani. Peste 300.000 de oameni au fost în stradă" 1566: 6966: 6551: 6233: 6093: 6038: 5881: 3347:"Romania: Parliament approves laws to hamper anti-corruption efforts – DW – 19.06.2018" 2645: 1980: 1595: 953: 872: 5026: 1504:

After analysing the provisions in the bills, the judicial institutions (including the

6281: 6228: 6056: 6051: 5963: 5775: 5647: 5614: 4728: 4312: 4251: 4169:"FOTO VIDEO. #Ro-mânia, a cincea zi de proteste: 330.000 de oameni au fost în stradă" 4108: 3607: 3282: 2254: 1960: 1871: 1728: 1395: 998: 627: 453: 236: 4518:"Romania: Viorica Dancila voted in as first female prime minister – DW – 29.01.2018" 1056: 178: 6615: 6325: 6296: 6183: 6113: 6103: 6083: 5806: 5109: 3777: 3554: 3245: 2841:"Mii de persoane au protestat în marile orașe. Oamenii au cerut alegeri anticipate" 2787:"Protest în Piața Victoriei, de Ziua Națională. 2.000 de oameni în fața Guvernului" 2052: 2045: 2041: 981: 871:

forms, shortly afterwards, a minority government with the supply and confidence of

194: 186: 142: 3925:"Cel mai mare protest de după Revoluție: peste 90.000 de oameni se opun grațierii" 2623:"Romanian expats return home for major anti-government protest, clash with police" 1998:

The events on 10 August also lead to international reactions. Austrian Chancellor

1649:. In total, over 90,000 people attended the protests, according to an estimate by 1052: 6876: 6866: 6572: 6276: 6271: 5948: 4495:"Viorica DĂNCILĂ – History of parliamentary service – MEPs – European Parliament" 2586: 2537:"FOTO VIDEO Protest al magistraţilor în faţa Palatului de Justiţie din Bucureşti" 2518: 1827: 1798: 1701: 1693: 1562: 1465: 1453: 1079: 846: 828: 719: 544: 154: 5238:"Comentariul Comisiei Europene pentru Știrile Protv despre protestele de vineri" 4200:"#Ro-mânia, ziua a şasea – Protest istoric: 600.000 de oameni au fost în stradă" 4009:"Diaspora se REVOLTĂ: Sute de oameni au protestat la Bruxelles şi Paris (VIDEO)" 170: 6779: 6330: 6286: 6203: 3070:"Romania: Tens of thousands protest for second night running – DW – 12.08.2018" 2142: 2079: 1999: 1992: 1843: 1594:

and labelling the protests as the beginning of a coup. The leader of the party

1578: 1478: 1411: 1036: 903: 779: 659: 326: 5045:"Explicațiile Jandarmeriei după violențele de la miting: Am acționat defensiv" 1680: 1599: 1044: 7078: 6250: 6193: 4934:"Romanians Protest Govt Corruption for 2nd Straight Day - The New York Times" 1939: 1607: 1583: 1071: 1064: 1040: 853: 808: 739: 723: 714: 252: 174: 150: 2234:"Protest la Polul Sud: Cum a protestat un marinar roman aflat in Antarctica" 6291: 6243: 6238: 6198: 6098: 6068: 6019: 3792:"Mai multe proteste anuntate in Bucuresti si in tara: "NU legii gratierii"" 1831: 1083: 473: 5136:"USR cere demisia ministrului de Interne şi a şefului Jandarmeriei Române" 4333:"Protest tricolor în fața Guvernului. 70.000 de oameni au ieșit în stradă" 3733:"Guvernul Grindeanu, izolat. Cum a reacţionat până acum sistemul judiciar" 2604: 2249:"Hundreds of thousands join protests as Romania decriminalises corruption" 1899: 1887: 1615: 86: 74: 6255: 6213: 6208: 6173: 6140: 6023: 3596:"Ministrul Justiției, despre "scăparea" din OUG 14, care ar anula OUG 13" 2032: 1875: 1646: 1611: 1394:

between 2017 and 2019. In January 2017, days after the government of the

1060: 731: 648: 561: 392: 320: 158: 98: 2877:"Romania: Protests against judicial changes | DW | 24.02.2019" 2482:"Reacția PSD Sibiu, după protestul-maraton: "Nu ne simțim în siguranță"" 1907: 226: 110: 78: 6708: 6529:

Commission for the Prevention of Corruption of the Republic of Slovenia

6223: 6178: 6135: 5934: 5764:"Răsturnare de situație: Guvernul renunță la modificarea Codului Penal" 4391: 4363: 4276: 2664:"Zeci de mii de români au protestat în mai multe orașe din țară. VIDEO" 1984: 1964: 1791: 1756: 1674: 1619: 933: 762: 757: 680: 668: 642: 539: 435: 346: 122: 5603:"Florin Iordache vrea asumarea răspunderii Guvernului pentru graţiere" 5503:"Romanian president urges cabinet to scrap 'decriminalization' decree" 5486:"Romania's ruling coalition stages rally against alleged abuses by..." 4097:"Sute de români au protestat și în Diaspora față de situația din țară" 3574:"Romania scraps decree decriminalizing graft as mass protests persist" 3303:"Romanian senators cancel plan to pardon corruption offences after..." 2373:"Anti-Corruption Protest Draws Tens of Thousands Across Snowy Romania" 1826:

almost every day since February 2017. After only six months in power,

581: 206: 190: 6145: 6073: 6033: 6014: 4915: 4537:"Romanian government defeats no-confidence vote as thousands protest" 4416:"Romanian ruling party's pulls backing for cabinet, PM refuses to go" 1895: 1839: 1823: 1760: 1642: 1631: 1570: 1527: 1048: 842:

Withdrawal of the decrees that started the protests (5 February 2017)

823: 743: 692: 684: 672: 638: 607: 577: 566: 447: 423: 419: 380: 263: 258: 106: 102: 70: 36: 5257:"Romanians rally again in anti-corruption, anti-government protests" 4667:"Violence Erupts as Tens of Thousands Protest Corruption in Romania" 4155:"A patra zi de proteste. Peste 300.000 de oameni au ieșit în stradă" 3474:"Violence Erupts as Tens of Thousands Protest Corruption in Romania" 2679:"Romanians rally again in anti-corruption, anti-government protests" 2641:"Violence Erupts as Tens of Thousands Protest Corruption in Romania" 1903: 1891: 860:, to 3 and a half years of imprisonment for corruption (27 May 2019) 653: 592: 210: 138: 130: 114: 6951: 6941: 6218: 6188: 5958: 5450:"Ro-mânia – Proteste sub ninsoare. Mii de oameni au fost în stradă" 3187:"New anti-corruption protest announced for January 20 in Bucharest" 3147:"New anti-corruption protest announced for January 20 in Bucharest" 1778: 1744: 1658: 1591: 615: 611: 555: 506: 484: 443: 400: 396: 384: 365: 316: 301: 290: 222: 218: 1501:, such measures were needed to improve the conditions in prisons. 1441:

throughout the country, making the protests the largest since the

162: 146: 6783: 6775: 6766: 6130: 6028: 4240:"A șaptea seară de proteste. 25.000 de oameni în Piața Victoriei" 3390:"We See You: A Silent Anti-Corruption Movement Erupts in Romania" 3129:"'We see you' - Romanian activists become potent political force" 1911: 1551: 735: 727: 704: 700: 676: 533: 479: 458: 439: 415: 406: 360: 354: 341: 312: 296: 277: 247: 118: 90: 5882:"Romania: Proposals Affecting the Independence of the Judiciary" 4556: 4477:"Romanian president picks Dancila as new PM, graft in spotlight" 4458:"Romanian Prime Minister Mihai Tudose resigns – DW – 15.01.2018" 3490: 3228:"Romania protests continue over plans to revive corruption bill" 2425:"Romania protests continue over plans to revive corruption bill" 2048:, and afterwards approximately 2,000 people on 7 February 2017. 1879: 1547: 94: 6458: 4916:"Über 450 Verletzte: Rumänische Polizei prügelt Protest nieder" 4078:"Romanians rally in biggest anti-corruption protest in decades" 3324:"Romanians protest against weakening of anti-corruption powers" 3266: 2399:"Romania protests continue despite repeal of corruption decree" 1787: 1748: 1740: 1732: 1666: 1650: 1627: 1403: 813: 751: 747: 696: 664: 633: 619: 603: 587: 572: 529: 501: 495: 469: 464: 431: 411: 371: 350: 331: 307: 282: 271: 198: 134: 4749:"Romania's president removes chief anti-corruption prosecutor" 3774:"Protests erupt over Romanian govt's plan to pardon thousands" 3434:"Mass protests in Romania: Stop corruption! – DW – 21.01.2018" 2931:"Thousands rally in Romania on anniversary of violent protest" 2895:"Thousands protest in Romania over kidnapped 15-year-old girl" 2290:"Mass protests in Romania: Stop corruption! – DW – 21.01.2018" 7047:

2019 disputes regarding the military cemetery in Valea Uzului

6418: 6078: 5903: 2587:"Romania protests: Hundreds injured in anti-government rally" 1883: 1752: 1736: 1662: 1623: 1543: 688: 623: 598: 550: 525: 521: 512: 376: 267: 126: 5027:"Israel protests to Romania after tourists beaten by police" 4075: 3225: 2422: 6771: 6063: 5468:"Romania: Pro-govt rally protests anti-corruption 'abuses'" 3411:"Romanian expats stage huge anti-govt protest in Bucharest" 3368:"Romanian ruling lawmakers propose looser anti-graft rules" 2733:"Thousands rally to demand Romanian government resignation" 2452:"Romanian expats stage huge anti-govt protest in Bucharest" 2146: 1818:

Protest against corruption in Bucharest, on 20 January 2018

1684:

Protesters in University Square, Bucharest, 29 January 2017

1670: 1539: 517: 427: 388: 335: 286: 182: 6454:

Special Investigation Service of the Republic of Lithuania

5524:"Romania's President calls for referendum on justice laws" 2162:

minimum requirements of transparency in decision-making".

1834:, a vice-president of PSD, became on 26 June 2017 the new 4862:"Romanian ruling party leader sentenced, thousands rally" 3452:"Tens of thousands protest against corruption in Romania" 2859:"Thousands of Romanians protest against judicial changes" 2343:"Tens of thousands protest against corruption in Romania" 7030:

2013 Romanian protests against the Roșia Montană Project

6651:

International Association of Anti-Corruption Authorities

5275:"Romanians protest govt corruption for 2nd straight day" 4559:"Anti-government protesters and police clash in Romania" 4301:"Proteste sub ninsoare. Mii de oameni au fost în stradă" 3751:"Romania: Protests against proposal to pardon prisoners" 3493:"Anti-government protesters and police clash in Romania" 3110:"Romanians protest government plan to commute sentences" 3047:"Romanians protest govt corruption for 2nd straight day" 2697:"Romanians protest govt corruption for 2nd straight day" 1914:

and others. Protesters asked for the resignation of the

1777:, Bucharest, 5 February. The text is a reference to the 1637:

In what was described as "the largest protest after the

3226:

Elizabeth Roberts & Cosmin Stan (6 February 2017).

2318:"Romanians stage anti-corruption protests in Bucharest" 924:

Anti-government protesters (no centralised leadership)

1918:(the 129th Romanian government, led by prime-minister 1822:

A few protesters have been present in Victory Square,

1406:

of certain committed crimes, and the amendment of the

6448:

Governance and Economic Management Assistance Program

6407:

Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)

4605: 4603: 4601: 4557:

Jennifer Hauser; Laura Smith-Spark (11 August 2018).

3491:

Jennifer Hauser; Laura Smith-Spark (11 August 2018).

2397:

Bucharest, Agence France-Press in (6 February 2017).

1794:

provided a lower estimate for Bucharest, of 250,000.

1781:

and roughly translates to "The miners 'has' arrived".

1426:, thus realizing the "Revolution of our generation". 6389:

Anti-corruption and Economic Malpractice Observatory

4692: 4636: 4513: 4453: 3808: 3529: 3429: 3342: 3065: 2501:"Romania's ruling party chief jailed for corruption" 2446: 2444: 2442: 2285: 2165: 6590:

Citizen's Charter and Grievance Redressal Bill 2011

4690: 4634: 4511: 4451: 4435:"Romania names new prime minister to defuse crisis" 4030: 4028: 4026: 4024: 4022: 3715:"Thousands march against prison pardons in Romania" 3527: 3427: 3340: 3063: 2283: 1414:). At the heart of these protests is the community 4721: 4611:"Anti-government protest in Romania turns violent" 4598: 4076:Radu-Sorin Marinas; Luiza Ilie (1 February 2017). 4053: 3511:"Anti-government protest in Romania turns violent" 2423:Elizabeth Roberts; Cosmin Stan (6 February 2017). 2247: 2036:Protest in front of Cotroceni Palace on 7 February 5685: 5636:"Şedinţă de Guvern supravegheată de protestatari" 3166: 3162: 3160: 3158: 3156: 2439: 1930:, the dismissal of the Prosecutor General of the 1590:(PSD), reacted by accusing Iohannis of leading a 902:as PSD party president (subsequently replaced by 7076: 4019: 2581: 2579: 2128:government to pass the controversial ordinance. 2865:. 24 February 2019 – via www.reuters.com. 2152: 6558:Central Steering Committee for Anti-Corruption 6425:Fiji Independent Commission Against Corruption 6356:UNCAC Coalition of Civil Society Organisations 5828: 5826: 5824: 5581: 4759:on 27 January 2019 – via uk.reuters.com. 4071: 4069: 3949:(in Romanian). 29 January 2017. Archived from 3467: 3465: 3153: 2312: 2310: 1538:. Smaller protests were held in the cities of 51:23 August 2017 – 10 August 2019 (second phase) 7020:2012–2014 Romanian protests against shale gas 6749: 5919: 5793: 5791: 5562: 4215: 4213: 4034: 3827: 3458:. Associated Press; Reuters. 21 January 2018. 3405: 3403: 3261: 3259: 2937:. 10 August 2019 – via www.reuters.com. 2739:. 12 August 2018 – via www.reuters.com. 2576: 6661:United Nations Convention against Corruption 6641:Inter-American Convention Against Corruption 5742: 5723: 4194: 4192: 3648: 3629: 3549: 3547: 2349:. Associated Press; Reuters. 21 January 2018 1922:), unhappy with the governing of the ruling 1313:Counter-protests supporting the government: 969:Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania 6699:Movement for Peace with Justice and Dignity 6534:Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission 6378:Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission 5821: 5780:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 5704: 5666: 5652:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 5619:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 5543: 4317:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 4256:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 4113:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 4066: 3883: 3612:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3555:"Romanians in fresh protests after clashes" 3462: 3287:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3107: 2901:. 27 July 2019 – via www.reuters.com. 2519:"Romania's most powerful politician jailed" 2307: 1991:, Sebastian Cucoș. The Romanian president, 6756: 6742: 6546:National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine 6442:Corruption Prevention and Combating Bureau 5926: 5912: 5788: 4552: 4550: 4210: 3768: 3766: 3400: 3256: 3246:"Huge Romania rally despite decree repeal" 2014:Mechanism for Cooperation and Verification 1464:Although the government of Prime Minister 29: 5539: 5537: 5518: 5516: 4189: 3544: 3383: 3381: 3362: 3360: 3317: 3315: 2396: 1946:despite having been sentenced to prison. 1445:of December 1989 and the overthrowing of 1390:There were numerous protests against the 6476:Independent Corrupt Practices Commission 4054:I. Baias; A. Lazurca (31 January 2017). 3846: 3809:Victor Cozmei, V. M. (18 January 2017). 3709: 3707: 3705: 3668: 3666: 3664: 3625: 3623: 3589: 3587: 2658: 2656: 2031: 1975:Protests on 10 August at Victoria Square 1970: 1866:Protests on 10 August at Victoria Square 1861: 1813: 1809: 1768: 1679: 1556: 6518:Sierra Leone Anti-corruption Commission 6383:Anti-Corruption Commission (Bangladesh) 5254: 4859: 4746: 4547: 4534: 4413: 3919: 3917: 3763: 3572:Marinas, Radu-Sorin (5 February 2017). 3571: 3103: 3101: 2676: 2498: 2371:Times, The New York (20 January 2018). 2366: 2364: 2337: 2335: 2279: 2277: 2122: 1492:Soon after the government meeting, the 845:Resignation of the Minister of Justice 49:18 January – 5 March 2017 (first phase) 7077: 6606:Freedom of information laws by country 6523:Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau 5761: 5633: 5600: 5534: 5513: 5255:Marinas, Radu-Sorin (12 August 2018). 4664: 4298: 4237: 4094: 3991:"Protestele românilor din străinătate" 3593: 3471: 3387: 3378: 3357: 3321: 3312: 3265: 2677:Marinas, Radu-Sorin (12 August 2018). 2098: 1979:In the aftermath of the violence, the 6737: 6470:Anti-Corruption Commission of Myanmar 6412:Commission Against Corruption (Macau) 6341:International Anti-Corruption Academy 5907: 5686:Mona Scarisoreanu (31 January 2017). 5110:"Hundreds injured in Romania protest" 3702: 3661: 3620: 3584: 3167:de Costin Ionescu (31 January 2017). 2653: 2370: 16:Protests against political corruption 6689:2012 Indian anti-corruption movement 6684:2011 Indian anti-corruption movement 6465:Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission 6395:National Anti-Corruption Observatory 5429: 5392: 5203: 4860:Marinas, Radu-Sorin (21 June 2018). 4579: 4535:Marinas, Radu-Sorin (27 June 2018). 4474: 4432: 4414:Marinas, Radu-Sorin (14 June 2017). 3914: 3721:. Associated Press. 22 January 2017. 3126: 3098: 2563: 2361: 2332: 2274: 856:, the leader of the governing party 7135:Riots and civil disorder in Romania 7025:2012 Romanian constitutional crisis 6611:The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 6506:National Anticorruption Directorate 6500:Anti-Corruption General Directorate 4747:Marinas, Radu-Sorin (9 July 2018). 3322:Boffey, Daniel (27 November 2017). 2499:Marinas, Luiza Ilie (27 May 2019). 1932:National Anticorruption Directorate 1506:High Court of Cassation and Justice 13: 6937:1990 ethnic clashes in Târgu Mureș 6917:Timișoara student movement of 1956 6912:Bucharest student movement of 1956 6811:Revolt of Horea, Cloșca and Crișan 6336:Group of States Against Corruption 5582:Cristian Citre (30 January 2017). 5204:Kurz, Sebastian (11 August 2018). 2027: 1614:, and another 4,000 protesters in 1468:repeatedly denied that there were 1009:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats 14: 7151: 7120:History of Romania (1989–present) 6922:Jiu Valley miners' strike of 1977 6512:Investigative Committee of Russia 5884:(Press release). 27 November 2017 5563:Camelia Badea (30 January 2017). 4035:Victor Cozmei (31 January 2017). 3828:Victor Cozmei (22 January 2017). 3388:Skurtu, Tara (17 December 2017). 2177:United States Department of State 2172:United States Department of State 2166:United States Department of State 2070: 6765: 6704:Russian anti-corruption campaign 6694:Anti-austerity movement in Spain 6601:Foreign Extortion Prevention Act 5874: 5852: 5755: 5743:Corina Ionel (5 February 2017). 5736: 5724:Dan Tapalaga (5 February 2017). 5717: 5698: 5679: 5660: 5627: 5594: 5575: 5556: 5495: 5478: 5460: 5442: 5423: 5405: 5386: 5365: 5339: 5321: 5303: 5285: 5267: 5248: 5230: 5212: 5197: 5172: 5146: 5128: 5102: 5084: 5063: 5037: 5019: 5001: 4984: 4966: 4948: 4926: 4908: 4890: 4872: 4853: 4835: 4817: 4799: 4781: 4763: 4740: 4736:from the original on 1 May 2022. 4714: 4684: 4658: 4628: 4573: 4528: 4505: 4487: 4468: 4445: 4426: 4407: 4379: 4351: 4325: 4292: 3649:Dan Tapalaga (17 January 2017). 3630:George Sîrbu (8 February 2017). 3127:Ilie, Luiza (10 February 2017). 2488:(in Romanian). 12 December 2017. 2199:2017 Albanian opposition protest 2089: 1717: 756: 713: 658: 647: 632: 597: 586: 571: 560: 549: 538: 511: 500: 489: 478: 463: 452: 405: 370: 359: 340: 325: 306: 295: 276: 257: 246: 7059:2020 Ditrău xenophobic incident 6947:Bridge of Flowers demonstration 6540:Servicio de Vigilancia Aduanera 6401:National Supervisory Commission 5705:Ionuț Băiaș (1 February 2017). 5667:Ionuț Băiaș (31 January 2017). 5544:Alina Neagu (23 January 2017). 4475:Ilie, Luiza (17 January 2018). 4395:(in Romanian). 12 February 2017 4367:(in Romanian). 12 February 2017 4264: 4231: 4175: 4161: 4147: 4121: 4088: 4047: 4015:(in Romanian). 29 January 2017. 4001: 3997:(in Romanian). 29 January 2017. 3983: 3965: 3935: 3931:(in Romanian). 29 January 2017. 3896: 3884:Ștefan Both (22 January 2017). 3877: 3859: 3840: 3821: 3802: 3798:(in Romanian). 18 January 2017. 3784: 3743: 3725: 3684: 3642: 3565: 3521: 3503: 3484: 3444: 3421: 3334: 3295: 3238: 3219: 3193: 3179: 3139: 3120: 3108:Carmen Paun (22 January 2017). 3080: 3057: 3039: 3021: 3003: 2985: 2959: 2941: 2923: 2905: 2887: 2869: 2851: 2833: 2815: 2797: 2779: 2761: 2743: 2725: 2707: 2689: 2670: 2633: 2615: 2605:"Gezielte Provokation vermutet" 2597: 2557: 2543: 2529: 2511: 2492: 2474: 2262:from the original on 1 May 2022 1520: 7130:Protests in the European Union 7064:2023 Romanian teachers' strike 6852:1907 Romanian Peasants' Revolt 6836:1888 Romanian Peasants' revolt 6488:Investigation Task Force Sweep 6482:National Accountability Bureau 5954:Corruption in local government 5942:Corruption in different fields 5933: 4665:Gillet, Kit (10 August 2018). 4280:(in Romanian). 6 February 2017 3472:Gillet, Kit (10 August 2018). 2416: 2390: 2240: 2226: 1857: 1729:Romanian immigrant communities 1499:European Court of Human Rights 1: 6826:Wallachian Revolution of 1848 6596:Foreign Corrupt Practices Act 6494:Central Anticorruption Bureau 5805:(in Romanian). Archived from 5353:(in Romanian). 12 August 2018 2564:Fati, Sabina (17 July 2017). 2219: 1459: 977:Romanian Intelligence Service 788:Resignation of the government 6902:Ghimeș Valley peasant revolt 6882:1920 Romanian general strike 6821:Moldavian Revolution of 1848 6656:OECD Anti-Bribery Convention 6646:International asset recovery 6430:Central Vigilance Commission 5985:Corruption Perceptions Index 4868:– via www.reuters.com. 4433:Ilie, Luiza (26 June 2017). 3847:Mediafax (22 January 2017). 2611:(in German). 10 August 2018. 2507:– via www.reuters.com. 2159:American Chamber of Commerce 2153:American Chamber of Commerce 2135: 2065: 1602:, and interim leader of the 1534:to the government's seat in 891:. PSD remains in opposition 889:parties of ethnic minorities 7: 7010:2012–2015 unrest in Romania 6816:Wallachian uprising of 1821 6714:2017–2019 Romanian protests 5530:. Reuters. 20 January 2017. 5509:. Reuters. 20 January 2017. 2999:(in Romanian). 9 June 2018. 2189:2012–2015 unrest in Romania 2182: 1698:Justice Minister of Romania 1561:Protesters in front of the 1515: 24:2017–2019 Romanian protests 10: 7156: 6719:2017–2018 Russian protests 6351:Transparency International 6326:Global Financial Integrity 5762:Digi24 (6 February 2017). 5634:Digi24 (31 January 2017). 5601:Digi24 (24 January 2017). 4299:Digi24 (8 February 2017). 4238:Digi24 (6 February 2017). 4095:Digi24 (1 February 2017). 3594:Digi24 (6 February 2017). 1586:, the leader of Romania's 1410:(especially regarding the 1382:452 – 455 (10 August 2018) 7042:2017–19 Romanian protests 6997: 6844: 6791: 6679:2011 Azerbaijani protests 6669: 6629: 6580: 6571: 6364: 6318: 6309: 6264: 6166: 6156:Offshore financial centre 6007: 5998: 5977: 5959:Interest group corruption 5941: 1836:Prime Minister of Romania 1378: 1373: 1101: 1096: 1028: 1023: 959:Together Romania Movement 917: 912: 836: 797: 772: 56: 44: 28: 23: 6932:1989 Romanian Revolution 6621:Whistleblower protection 6109:Cryptocurrency and crime 5430:I.C. (8 February 2017). 5393:R.M. (6 February 2017). 2204:2017 Belarusian protests 2170:On 27 November 2017 the 1928:criminal (or penal) code 1838:. Protests continued in 6972:September 1991 Mineriad 5990:Economics of corruption 5838:U.S. Embassy in Romania 2194:Colectiv nightclub fire 2009:The European Commission 1924:Social Democratic Party 1588:Social Democratic Party 1483:Constitution of Romania 1076:Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu 1004:Social Democratic Party 964:People's Movement Party 7035:2015 Romanian protests 7015:2012 Romanian protests 6982:February 1999 Mineriad 6962:February 1990 Mineriad 6897:Grivița strike of 1933 6786:and predecessor states 6616:UK Bribery Act of 2010 6372:Oficina Anticorrupción 6121:Noble cause corruption 5978:Measures of corruption 4499:www.europarl.europa.eu 2037: 1987:, and the head of the 1976: 1867: 1850:, a PSD member of the 1819: 1782: 1685: 1604:National Liberal Party 1574: 949:National Liberal Party 931:Corruption Kills Group 867:in early October. The 7140:Corruption in Romania 6977:January 1999 Mineriad 6957:January 1990 Mineriad 6907:Legionnaire rebellion 6892:Lupeni strike of 1929 6862:1918 Bucharest strike 6857:Romanian Fleet mutiny 6346:Mo Ibrahim Foundation 6126:Professional courtesy 6089:Honest services fraud 2209:2017 Russian protests 2035: 2004:Amnesty International 1974: 1865: 1817: 1810:The protest continues 1799:Government's building 1772: 1683: 1560: 1487:Penal Code of Romania 1408:Penal Code of Romania 993:Government of Romania 83:Drobeta-Turnu Severin 6887:Tatarbunary Uprising 6872:Ținutul Sării revolt 6831:Republic of Ploiești 6310:Institutions dealing 6044:Conflict of interest 5969:Political corruption 5799:"COMUNICAT DE PRESĂ" 2539:. 16 September 2018. 2123:Constitutional Court 2077:President of Romania 1989:Romanian Gendarmerie 1936:Laura Codruța Kövesi 1573:, on 22 January 2017 1475:President of Romania 1470:government ordinance 942:President of Romania 39:, on 22 January 2017 7125:Protests in Romania 7005:2006 Ferentari riot 6989:1993 Hădăreni riots 6151:Offshore investment 4777:. 25 February 2018. 4695:), Deutsche Welle. 4639:), Deutsche Welle. 4516:), Deutsche Welle. 4456:), Deutsche Welle. 3532:), Deutsche Welle. 3432:), Deutsche Welle. 3374:. 27 December 2017. 3345:), Deutsche Welle. 3269:(1 February 2017). 3068:), Deutsche Welle. 2811:. 24 February 2019. 2570:Radio Europa Liberă 2288:), Deutsche Welle. 2258:. 2 February 2017. 2214:Romanian Revolution 2099:Romanian government 1944:Chamber of Deputies 1852:European Parliament 1494:Ministry of Justice 1443:Romanian Revolution 1400:Ministry of Justice 1392:Romanian Government 1384:12 (11 August 2018) 945:Opposition parties: 7115:2010s in Bucharest 6967:June 1990 Mineriad 6552:Warioba Commission 6490:(Papua New Guinea) 6234:Regulatory capture 6039:Commercial bribery 5456:. 9 February 2017. 5419:. 7 February 2017. 4978:english.hotnews.ro 4944:on 15 August 2018. 4732:. 11 August 2018. 4671:The New York Times 4339:. 13 February 2017 4227:. 5 February 2017. 4206:. 6 February 2017. 4185:. 4 February 2017. 4171:. 5 February 2017. 4157:. 4 February 2017. 3979:. 29 January 2017. 3953:on 2 February 2017 3910:. 22 January 2017. 3873:. 22 January 2017. 3780:. 18 January 2017. 3759:. 18 January 2017. 3739:. 20 January 2017. 3698:. 18 January 2017. 3680:. 18 January 2017. 3478:The New York Times 3394:huffingtonpost.com 3252:. 6 February 2017. 3189:. 22 January 2017. 3149:. 18 January 2018. 2646:The New York Times 2566:"Soros și golanii" 2377:The New York Times 2236:. 2 February 2017. 2038: 1981:Save Romania Union 1977: 1868: 1820: 1783: 1686: 1596:Save Romania Union 1575: 1273:: 80,000 – 140,000 1186:80,000 to 102,000 1151:500,000 to 600,000 1033:Political leaders: 954:Save Romania Union 938:Political support: 7072: 7071: 6731: 6730: 6727: 6726: 6567: 6566: 6305: 6304: 6282:Election security 6229:Political scandal 5964:Police corruption 5862:. 1 February 2017 5840:. 1 February 2017 5317:. 11 August 2018. 5299:. 11 August 2018. 5281:. 11 August 2018. 5142:. 10 August 2018. 5033:. 13 August 2018. 5015:. 14 August 2018. 4980:. 11 August 2018. 4962:. 11 August 2018. 4922:. 11 August 2018. 4886:. 11 August 2018. 4729:Independent.co.uk 4693:http://www.dw.com 4637:http://www.dw.com 4514:http://www.dw.com 4454:http://www.dw.com 3561:. 11 August 2018. 3530:http://www.dw.com 3517:. 11 August 2018. 3430:http://www.dw.com 3417:. 10 August 2018. 3343:http://www.dw.com 3094:. 12 August 2018. 3066:http://www.dw.com 3053:. 11 August 2018. 3017:. 11 August 2018. 2973:. 6 February 2017 2955:. 10 August 2019. 2775:. 12 August 2018. 2757:. 12 August 2018. 2703:. 11 August 2018. 2649:. 10 August 2018. 2629:. 10 August 2018. 2593:. 11 August 2018. 2462:on 10 August 2018 2320:. 20 January 2018 2286:http://www.dw.com 2255:Independent.co.uk 1942:, is head of the 1872:Romanian diaspora 1779:Romanian Mineriad 1655:University Square 1532:University Square 1447:Nicolae Ceaușescu 1396:Grindeanu Cabinet 1388: 1387: 1369: 1368: 1307:: 20,000 – 24,000 1284:: 16,000 – 19,000 1278:: 45,000 – 85,000 1019: 1018: 999:PSD-ALDE Alliance 863:Dismissal of the 849:(8 February 2017) 628:Palma de Mallorca 203:Sighetu Marmației 7147: 7055: 6927:Brașov Rebellion 6770: 6769: 6758: 6751: 6744: 6735: 6734: 6578: 6577: 6316: 6315: 6297:Vote suppression 6184:Crony capitalism 6114:Hawala and crime 6104:Money laundering 6084:Graft (politics) 6064:Confidence trick 6005: 6004: 5999:Forms or aspects 5928: 5921: 5914: 5905: 5904: 5898: 5897: 5891: 5889: 5878: 5872: 5871: 5869: 5867: 5856: 5850: 5849: 5847: 5845: 5830: 5819: 5818: 5816: 5814: 5795: 5786: 5785: 5779: 5771: 5759: 5753: 5752: 5740: 5734: 5733: 5721: 5715: 5714: 5702: 5696: 5695: 5692:Ziarul Financiar 5683: 5677: 5676: 5664: 5658: 5657: 5651: 5643: 5631: 5625: 5624: 5618: 5610: 5598: 5592: 5591: 5579: 5573: 5572: 5560: 5554: 5553: 5541: 5532: 5531: 5528:Business Insider 5520: 5511: 5510: 5507:Business Insider 5499: 5493: 5492: 5482: 5476: 5475: 5464: 5458: 5457: 5446: 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Archived from 4930: 4924: 4923: 4912: 4906: 4905: 4894: 4888: 4887: 4876: 4870: 4869: 4857: 4851: 4850: 4839: 4833: 4832: 4831:. 27 April 2018. 4821: 4815: 4814: 4803: 4797: 4796: 4785: 4779: 4778: 4767: 4761: 4760: 4755:. 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December 2018. 2783: 2777: 2776: 2765: 2759: 2758: 2747: 2741: 2740: 2729: 2723: 2722: 2711: 2705: 2704: 2693: 2687: 2686: 2674: 2668: 2667: 2660: 2651: 2650: 2637: 2631: 2630: 2619: 2613: 2612: 2601: 2595: 2594: 2583: 2574: 2573: 2561: 2555: 2554: 2547: 2541: 2540: 2533: 2527: 2526: 2515: 2509: 2508: 2496: 2490: 2489: 2478: 2472: 2471: 2469: 2467: 2458:. 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6582: 6573:Anti-corruption 6563: 6360: 6312:with corruption 6311: 6301: 6277:Electoral fraud 6272:Ballot stuffing 6260: 6162: 6000: 5994: 5973: 5949:Corporate crime 5937: 5932: 5902: 5901: 5887: 5885: 5880: 5879: 5875: 5865: 5863: 5858: 5857: 5853: 5843: 5841: 5832: 5831: 5822: 5812: 5810: 5797: 5796: 5789: 5773: 5772: 5760: 5756: 5741: 5737: 5722: 5718: 5703: 5699: 5684: 5680: 5665: 5661: 5645: 5644: 5632: 5628: 5612: 5611: 5599: 5595: 5580: 5576: 5561: 5557: 5542: 5535: 5522: 5521: 5514: 5501: 5500: 5496: 5484: 5483: 5479: 5466: 5465: 5461: 5448: 5447: 5443: 5428: 5424: 5411: 5410: 5406: 5391: 5387: 5377: 5375: 5371: 5370: 5366: 5356: 5354: 5345: 5344: 5340: 5333:stirileprotv.ro 5327: 5326: 5322: 5309: 5308: 5304: 5291: 5290: 5286: 5273: 5272: 5268: 5253: 5249: 5242:Stirileprotv.ro 5236: 5235: 5231: 5224:www.amnesty.org 5218: 5217: 5213: 5202: 5198: 5188: 5186: 5184:Stirileprotv.ro 5178: 5177: 5173: 5163: 5161: 5152: 5151: 5147: 5134: 5133: 5129: 5119: 5117: 5108: 5107: 5103: 5090: 5089: 5085: 5075: 5073: 5069: 5068: 5064: 5054: 5052: 5043: 5042: 5038: 5025: 5024: 5020: 5007: 5006: 5002: 4995:www.agerpres.ro 4990: 4989: 4985: 4972: 4971: 4967: 4954: 4953: 4949: 4938:www.nytimes.com 4932: 4931: 4927: 4914: 4913: 4909: 4896: 4895: 4891: 4878: 4877: 4873: 4858: 4854: 4849:. 10 June 2018. 4841: 4840: 4836: 4823: 4822: 4818: 4811:Stirileprotv.ro 4805: 4804: 4800: 4787: 4786: 4782: 4769: 4768: 4764: 4745: 4741: 4720: 4719: 4715: 4705: 4703: 4689: 4685: 4675: 4673: 4663: 4659: 4649: 4647: 4633: 4629: 4619: 4617: 4609: 4608: 4599: 4589: 4587: 4585:www.agerpres.ro 4578: 4574: 4564: 4562: 4555: 4548: 4533: 4529: 4510: 4506: 4493: 4492: 4488: 4473: 4469: 4450: 4446: 4431: 4427: 4412: 4408: 4398: 4396: 4385: 4384: 4380: 4370: 4368: 4357: 4356: 4352: 4342: 4340: 4331: 4330: 4326: 4310: 4309: 4297: 4293: 4283: 4281: 4270: 4269: 4265: 4249: 4248: 4236: 4232: 4219: 4218: 4211: 4198: 4197: 4190: 4181: 4180: 4176: 4167: 4166: 4162: 4153: 4152: 4148: 4138: 4136: 4127: 4126: 4122: 4106: 4105: 4093: 4089: 4074: 4067: 4052: 4048: 4033: 4020: 4007: 4006: 4002: 3989: 3988: 3984: 3977:Business Review 3971: 3970: 3966: 3956: 3954: 3941: 3940: 3936: 3923: 3922: 3915: 3902: 3901: 3897: 3882: 3878: 3865: 3864: 3860: 3845: 3841: 3826: 3822: 3807: 3803: 3790: 3789: 3785: 3772: 3771: 3764: 3749: 3748: 3744: 3731: 3730: 3726: 3713: 3712: 3703: 3690: 3689: 3685: 3672: 3671: 3662: 3647: 3643: 3628: 3621: 3605: 3604: 3592: 3585: 3570: 3566: 3553: 3552: 3545: 3526: 3522: 3509: 3508: 3504: 3489: 3485: 3470: 3463: 3450: 3449: 3445: 3426: 3422: 3409: 3408: 3401: 3386: 3379: 3366: 3365: 3358: 3339: 3335: 3320: 3313: 3301: 3300: 3296: 3280: 3279: 3264: 3257: 3244: 3243: 3239: 3224: 3220: 3210: 3208: 3199: 3198: 3194: 3185: 3184: 3180: 3165: 3154: 3145: 3144: 3140: 3125: 3121: 3106: 3099: 3086: 3085: 3081: 3062: 3058: 3045: 3044: 3040: 3027: 3026: 3022: 3009: 3008: 3004: 2991: 2990: 2986: 2976: 2974: 2965: 2964: 2960: 2947: 2946: 2942: 2929: 2928: 2924: 2919:. 28 July 2019. 2911: 2910: 2906: 2893: 2892: 2888: 2875: 2874: 2870: 2857: 2856: 2852: 2845:Stirileprotv.ro 2839: 2838: 2834: 2827:Stirileprotv.ro 2821: 2820: 2816: 2803: 2802: 2798: 2785: 2784: 2780: 2767: 2766: 2762: 2749: 2748: 2744: 2731: 2730: 2726: 2713: 2712: 2708: 2695: 2694: 2690: 2675: 2671: 2662: 2661: 2654: 2639: 2638: 2634: 2621: 2620: 2616: 2603: 2602: 2598: 2585: 2584: 2577: 2562: 2558: 2549: 2548: 2544: 2535: 2534: 2530: 2517: 2516: 2512: 2497: 2493: 2480: 2479: 2475: 2465: 2463: 2456:Washington Post 2450: 2449: 2440: 2430: 2428: 2421: 2417: 2407: 2405: 2395: 2391: 2381: 2379: 2369: 2362: 2352: 2350: 2341: 2340: 2333: 2323: 2321: 2316: 2315: 2308: 2298: 2296: 2282: 2275: 2265: 2263: 2246: 2245: 2241: 2232: 2231: 2227: 2222: 2185: 2168: 2155: 2138: 2125: 2101: 2092: 2073: 2068: 2030: 2028:Counterprotests 2022:Dăncilă Cabinet 1920:Viorica Dăncilă 1916:Dăncilă Cabinet 1860: 1848:Viorica Dăncilă 1828:Sorin Grindeanu 1812: 1720: 1702:Florin Iordache 1694:Victoria Palace 1690:Piața Victoriei 1523: 1518: 1466:Sorin Grindeanu 1462: 1454:Florin Iordache 1383: 1365: 1360: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1329: 1324: 1319: 1318: 1317: 1316: 1315: 1314: 1308: 1298: 1292: 1285: 1280: 1279: 1274: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1249: 1244: 1239: 1234: 1229: 1224: 1218: 1212: 1207: 1202: 1197: 1192: 1187: 1182: 1177: 1172: 1167: 1162: 1157: 1152: 1147: 1142: 1137: 1132: 1127: 1122: 1117: 1112: 1092: 1091: 1088:Viorica Dăncilă 1086: 1082: 1080:Sorin Grindeanu 1078: 1074: 1068: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1015: 987: 980: 975: 971: 944: 940: 936: 932: 900:Viorica Dăncilă 898:Resignation of 865:Dăncilă Cabinet 847:Florin Iordache 829:Online activism 809:Protest marches 791:Early elections 768: 767: 755: 754: 720:Washington D.C. 712: 711: 657: 656: 646: 645: 631: 630: 596: 595: 585: 584: 570: 569: 559: 558: 548: 547: 545:Luxembourg City 537: 536: 510: 509: 499: 498: 488: 487: 477: 476: 462: 461: 451: 450: 404: 403: 369: 368: 358: 357: 339: 338: 324: 323: 305: 304: 294: 293: 275: 274: 256: 255: 245: 244: 240: 239: 232: 66: 65: 50: 48: 40: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7153: 7143: 7142: 7137: 7132: 7127: 7122: 7117: 7112: 7107: 7102: 7097: 7092: 7087: 7070: 7069: 7067: 7066: 7061: 7056: 7044: 7039: 7038: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7007: 7001: 6999: 6995: 6994: 6992: 6991: 6986: 6985: 6984: 6979: 6974: 6969: 6964: 6959: 6949: 6944: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6924: 6919: 6914: 6909: 6904: 6899: 6894: 6889: 6884: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6864: 6859: 6854: 6848: 6846: 6842: 6841: 6839: 6838: 6833: 6828: 6823: 6818: 6813: 6808: 6803: 6801:Bobâlna revolt 6797: 6795: 6789: 6788: 6780:civil disorder 6761: 6760: 6753: 6746: 6738: 6729: 6728: 6725: 6724: 6722: 6721: 6716: 6711: 6706: 6701: 6696: 6691: 6686: 6681: 6675: 6673: 6667: 6666: 6664: 6663: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6637: 6635: 6627: 6626: 6624: 6623: 6618: 6613: 6608: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6586: 6584: 6575: 6569: 6568: 6565: 6564: 6562: 6561: 6555: 6549: 6543: 6537: 6531: 6526: 6520: 6515: 6509: 6503: 6497: 6491: 6485: 6479: 6473: 6467: 6462: 6456: 6451: 6445: 6439: 6433: 6427: 6422: 6416: 6415: 6414: 6409: 6398: 6392: 6386: 6380: 6375: 6368: 6366: 6362: 6361: 6359: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6331:Global Witness 6328: 6322: 6320: 6313: 6307: 6306: 6303: 6302: 6300: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6287:Gerrymandering 6284: 6279: 6274: 6268: 6266: 6262: 6261: 6259: 6258: 6253: 6248: 6247: 6246: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6216: 6211: 6206: 6204:Ghost soldiers 6201: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6170: 6168: 6164: 6163: 6161: 6160: 6159: 6158: 6153: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6123: 6118: 6117: 6116: 6111: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6060: 6059: 6054: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6017: 6011: 6009: 6002: 5996: 5995: 5993: 5992: 5987: 5981: 5979: 5975: 5974: 5972: 5971: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5951: 5945: 5943: 5939: 5938: 5931: 5930: 5923: 5916: 5908: 5900: 5899: 5873: 5851: 5820: 5809:on 2 July 2018 5787: 5754: 5735: 5716: 5697: 5678: 5659: 5626: 5593: 5574: 5555: 5533: 5512: 5494: 5491:. 9 June 2018. 5477: 5474:. 9 June 2018. 5459: 5441: 5422: 5404: 5385: 5364: 5338: 5320: 5315:realitatea.net 5302: 5284: 5266: 5247: 5229: 5211: 5196: 5171: 5145: 5127: 5101: 5083: 5062: 5036: 5018: 5000: 4983: 4965: 4960:www.hotnews.ro 4947: 4925: 4907: 4889: 4884:www.hotnews.ro 4871: 4852: 4834: 4816: 4798: 4795:. 30 May 2018. 4793:www.hotnews.ro 4780: 4775:www.hotnews.ro 4762: 4739: 4713: 4683: 4657: 4627: 4597: 4572: 4546: 4527: 4504: 4486: 4467: 4444: 4425: 4406: 4378: 4350: 4324: 4291: 4263: 4246:(in Romanian). 4230: 4209: 4188: 4174: 4160: 4146: 4120: 4087: 4065: 4046: 4018: 4000: 3982: 3964: 3934: 3913: 3895: 3876: 3858: 3839: 3820: 3801: 3783: 3762: 3742: 3724: 3701: 3683: 3660: 3641: 3619: 3583: 3564: 3543: 3520: 3502: 3483: 3461: 3443: 3420: 3399: 3377: 3356: 3333: 3311: 3294: 3277:(in Romanian). 3255: 3237: 3218: 3192: 3178: 3152: 3138: 3119: 3097: 3079: 3056: 3038: 3020: 3002: 2984: 2958: 2940: 2922: 2904: 2886: 2868: 2850: 2832: 2814: 2796: 2778: 2773:www.hotnews.ro 2760: 2755:www.hotnews.ro 2742: 2724: 2721:(in Romanian). 2706: 2688: 2669: 2652: 2632: 2614: 2596: 2575: 2556: 2553:. 13 May 2019. 2542: 2528: 2525:. 27 May 2019. 2510: 2491: 2473: 2438: 2415: 2389: 2360: 2331: 2306: 2273: 2239: 2224: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2217: 2216: 2211: 2206: 2201: 2196: 2191: 2184: 2181: 2167: 2164: 2154: 2151: 2143:European Union 2137: 2134: 2124: 2121: 2100: 2097: 2091: 2088: 2080:Klaus Iohannis 2072: 2071:Klaus Iohannis 2069: 2067: 2064: 2029: 2026: 2000:Sebastian Kurz 1993:Klaus Iohannis 1859: 1856: 1844:Tudose Cabinet 1811: 1808: 1775:Victory Square 1773:Protesters on 1719: 1716: 1579:Klaus Iohannis 1563:Triumphal Arch 1536:Victory Square 1530:marching from 1526:protesters in 1522: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1479:Klaus Iohannis 1461: 1458: 1412:abuse of power 1402:regarding the 1386: 1385: 1380: 1376: 1375: 1371: 1370: 1367: 1366: 1311: 1309: 1106: 1099: 1098: 1094: 1093: 1069: 1057:Traian Băsescu 1037:Klaus Iohannis 1030: 1029: 1026: 1025: 1021: 1020: 1017: 1016: 1014: 1013: 1012: 1011: 1006: 990: 988: 986: 985: 966: 961: 956: 951: 946: 929: 922: 915: 914: 910: 909: 908: 907: 904:Marcel Ciolacu 896: 861: 852:Sentencing of 850: 843: 838: 834: 833: 832: 831: 826: 821: 816: 811: 806: 804:Demonstrations 799: 795: 794: 793: 792: 789: 786: 783: 780:abuse of power 774: 770: 769: 766: 765: 235: 234: 233: 231: 230: 167:Râmnicu Vâlcea 63: 62: 61: 60: 58: 54: 53: 46: 42: 41: 35:Protesters in 34: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7152: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7131: 7128: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7111: 7110:2019 protests 7108: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7100:2018 protests 7098: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7090:2017 protests 7088: 7086: 7083: 7082: 7080: 7065: 7062: 7060: 7057: 7053: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7012: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7002: 7000: 6996: 6990: 6987: 6983: 6980: 6978: 6975: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6955: 6954: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6849: 6847: 6843: 6837: 6834: 6832: 6829: 6827: 6824: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6809: 6807: 6804: 6802: 6799: 6798: 6796: 6790: 6785: 6781: 6777: 6773: 6768: 6759: 6754: 6752: 6747: 6745: 6740: 6739: 6736: 6720: 6717: 6715: 6712: 6710: 6707: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6676: 6674: 6668: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6638: 6636: 6630:International 6628: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6591: 6588: 6587: 6585: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6570: 6559: 6556: 6553: 6550: 6547: 6544: 6541: 6538: 6536:(South Korea) 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6513: 6510: 6507: 6504: 6501: 6498: 6495: 6492: 6489: 6486: 6483: 6480: 6477: 6474: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6449: 6446: 6443: 6440: 6437: 6434: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6420: 6417: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6396: 6393: 6390: 6387: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6373: 6370: 6369: 6367: 6363: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6323: 6321: 6319:International 6317: 6314: 6308: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6269: 6267: 6263: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6251:State capture 6249: 6245: 6242: 6241: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6194:Elite capture 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6171: 6169: 6165: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6148: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6106: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6049: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6012: 6010: 6006: 6003: 6001:of corruption 5997: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5982: 5980: 5976: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5946: 5944: 5940: 5936: 5929: 5924: 5922: 5917: 5915: 5910: 5909: 5906: 5896: 5883: 5877: 5861: 5855: 5839: 5835: 5829: 5827: 5825: 5808: 5804: 5800: 5794: 5792: 5783: 5777: 5769: 5765: 5758: 5750: 5746: 5739: 5731: 5727: 5720: 5712: 5708: 5701: 5693: 5689: 5682: 5674: 5670: 5663: 5655: 5649: 5641: 5637: 5630: 5622: 5616: 5608: 5604: 5597: 5589: 5585: 5578: 5570: 5566: 5559: 5551: 5547: 5540: 5538: 5529: 5525: 5519: 5517: 5508: 5504: 5498: 5490: 5487: 5481: 5473: 5469: 5463: 5455: 5454:www.digi24.ro 5451: 5445: 5437: 5433: 5426: 5418: 5414: 5408: 5400: 5396: 5389: 5374: 5368: 5352: 5348: 5342: 5334: 5330: 5324: 5316: 5312: 5306: 5298: 5294: 5288: 5280: 5276: 5270: 5262: 5258: 5251: 5243: 5239: 5233: 5225: 5221: 5215: 5207: 5200: 5185: 5181: 5175: 5160:(in Romanian) 5159: 5155: 5149: 5141: 5140:www.digi24.ro 5137: 5131: 5115: 5111: 5105: 5097: 5093: 5087: 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crime 6214:Mafia state 6209:Kleptocracy 6174:Clientelism 6141:Tax evasion 6024:Grey market 5888:27 November 5489:reuters.com 5261:reuters.com 5158:Mediafax.ro 4920:news.ORF.at 4541:reuters.com 4481:reuters.com 4439:reuters.com 4420:reuters.com 4399:12 February 4371:12 February 3578:reuters.com 3515:reuters.com 3372:reuters.com 3306:reuters.com 3033:mediafax.ro 3015:adevarul.ro 1910:, 1,000 in 1906:, 1,000 in 1902:, 1,500 in 1898:, 1,500 in 1894:, 3,500 in 1890:, 5,000 in 1886:, 6,000 in 1876:Cluj-Napoca 1858:August 2018 1842:during the 1647:Cluj-Napoca 1612:Cluj-Napoca 1600:Nicușor Dan 1362:9 Jun 2018: 1323:up to 2,500 1305:10 Aug 2019 1300:27 Jul 2019 1295:24 Feb 2019 1282:12 Aug 2018 1276:11 Aug 2018 1271:10 Aug 2018 1266:27 Jun 2018 1261:24 Jun 2018 1256:23 Jun 2018 1251:21 Jun 2018 1246:20 Jun 2018 1061:Eugen Tomac 1045:Nicușor Dan 934:Magistrates 837:Concessions 819:Occupations 732:Los Angeles 393:Montpellier 321:Quebec City 143:Târgu Mureș 99:Cluj-Napoca 7079:Categories 6792:Before the 6709:Yo Soy 132 6554:(Tanzania) 6484:(Pakistan) 6397:(Cameroon) 6224:Plutocracy 6179:Coronelism 6136:Slush fund 5935:Corruption 5866:7 February 5844:2 February 5813:8 February 5803:www.ccr.ro 5472:apnews.com 5417:hotnews.ro 5378:7 February 5297:hotnews.ro 5279:apnews.com 5220:"Document" 4580:AGERPRES. 4392:Hotnews.ro 4364:Hotnews.ro 4284:6 February 4277:Hotnews.ro 4225:hotnews.ro 4139:4 February 3957:30 January 3756:Al Jazeera 3415:apnews.com 3211:2 February 3173:HotNews.ro 3051:apnews.com 2977:7 February 2971:HotNews.ro 2220:References 1985:Carmen Dan 1965:Hotnews.ro 1792:Hotnews.ro 1757:Copenhagen 1675:Copenhagen 1639:Revolution 1620:Copenhagen 1460:Background 1431:government 1374:Casualties 1287:1 Dec 2018 893:until 2021 887:, and the 824:Picketings 763:Antarctica 681:Manchester 669:Birmingham 643:Gothenburg 436:Heidelberg 347:Copenhagen 243:including: 215:Alexandria 155:Târgoviște 123:Alba Iulia 69:including 6952:Mineriads 6672:movements 6592:(pending) 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