Western African Ebola epidemic

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medical response "inadequate." They reported that they had expanded their operations, but couldn't keep up with the rapidly increasing need for assistance, which had forced them to reduce the level of care: "It is not currently possible, for example, to administer intravenous treatments." Calling the situation "an emergency within the emergency", MSF reported that many hospitals had shut down due to lack of staff or fears of the virus among patients and staff, which had left people with other health problems without any care at all. Speaking from a remote region, an MSF worker said that a shortage of protective equipment was making the medical management of the disease difficult and that they had limited capacity to safely bury bodies. In September 2014, it was estimated that the affected countries' capacity for treating Ebola patients was insufficient by the equivalent of 2,122 beds. Speaking on 12 September, WHO Director-General, Margaret Chan, said: "In the three hardest hit countries, Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, the number of new cases is moving far faster than the capacity to manage them in the Ebola-specific treatment centres. Today, there is not one single bed available for the treatment of an Ebola patient in the entire country of Liberia." According to a WHO report released on 19 September, Sierra Leone was meeting only 35% of its need for patient beds, while for Liberia it was just 20%.

1692:(CFR) accurately is difficult in an ongoing epidemic due to differences in testing policies, the inclusion of probable and suspected cases, and the inclusion of new cases that have not run their course. Ebola virus disease has a high CFR, which in past outbreaks varied between 25% and 90%, with an average of about 50%. In August 2014, the WHO made an initial CFR estimate of 53%, though this included suspected cases. In September and December 2014, the WHO released revised and more accurate CFR figures of 70.8% and 71% respectively, using data from patients with definitive clinical outcomes. The CFR among hospitalised patients, based on the three intense-transmission countries, was between 57% and 59% in January 2015. Care settings that have access to medical expertise may increase survival by providing good maintenance of hydration, circulatory volume, and blood pressure. The disease affects males and females equally and the majority of those that contract Ebola disease are between 15 and 45 years of age. For those over 45 years, a fatal outcome was more likely in the Western African epidemic, as was also noted in preceding outbreaks. Only rarely do pregnant women survive—a midwife who worked with MSF in a Sierra Leone treatment centre stated that she knew of "no reported cases of pregnant mothers and unborn babies surviving Ebola in Sierra Leone." 1996:. The leaders pledged to assist in carrying out WHO regulations. Critics criticised the G7 leaders, saying they were not committed enough in the fight against the possibility of future pandemics. In 2015 a panel of experts looked at the ways of preventing small outbreaks from becoming large epidemics. According to the panel, the epidemic had exposed problems in the national (and international) institutions responsible for protecting the public from the human consequences of infectious disease outbreaks such as the Ebola epidemic. The panel was highly critical of the WHO's management of the Ebola crisis noting that it took them months to respond and when they did they were slow to act, poorly co-ordinated and inadequately informed. The report pointed out that the committee responsible for checking the WHO's actions during the outbreak (i.e. the WHO Ebola Interim Assessment Panel) had delayed responses due to worries about political resistance from the Western African leaders, economic consequences, and a system within the WHO that discouraged open debate about issues such as emergency declarations. The WHO may also have hesitated because it was criticised for creating panic by declaring a public health emergency during the relatively mild 1371:

frequently, discarding gear that has barely been used. This not only takes a great deal of time but also exposes them to the virus because, for those wearing protective clothing, one of the most dangerous moments for contracting Ebola is while suits are being removed. The protective clothing sets that MSF uses cost about $ 75 apiece. Staff who have returned from deployments to Western Africa say the clothing is so heavy that it can be worn for only about 40 minutes at a stretch. A physician working in Sierra Leone has said: "at that point, you have to exit for your own safety ... Here it takes 20–25 minutes to take off a protective suit and must be done with two trained supervisors who watch every step in a military manner to ensure no mistakes are made, because a slip up can easily occur and of course can be fatal." By October, there were reports that protective outfits were beginning to be in short supply and manufacturers began to increase their production.

1672:, in which health workers control an outbreak by vaccinating all suspected infected individuals within the surrounding area. In December 2016, the results of the two-year Guinea trial were published announcing that rVSV-ZEBOV had been found to protect people who had been exposed to cases of Ebola. In addition to showing high efficacy among those vaccinated, the trial also showed that unvaccinated people were indirectly protected from Ebola virus through herd immunity. The vaccine has not yet had regulatory approval, but it is considered to be so effective that 300,000 doses had already been stockpiled. Not yet known is the length of time that a vaccination will be effective and whether it will prove effective for the Sudan virus. In April 2018 rVSV-ZEBOV Ebola vaccine was used to stop an outbreak for the first time, the 2018 Équateur province Democratic Republic of the Congo Ebola virus outbreak. rVSV-ZEBOV received regulatory approval in 2019. 1591:

are more likely to come in direct contact with their blood or body fluids. In some places affected by the outbreak, care may have been provided in clinics with limited resources, and workers could be in these areas for several hours with a number of Ebola infected patients. According to the WHO, the high proportion of infected medical staff could be explained by a lack of adequate manpower to manage such a large outbreak, shortages of protective equipment or improper use of what was available, and "the compassion that causes medical staff to work in isolation wards far beyond the number of hours recommended as safe". In August 2014, healthcare workers represented nearly 10 per cent of cases and fatalities—significantly impairing the capacity to respond to an outbreak in an area already facing severe shortages. By 1 July 2015, the WHO reported that a total of 874 health workers had been infected, of which 509 had died.

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gate. Their efforts were complicated by the fact that less than 50% of the schools in these three countries had access to running water. In August 2015, UNICEF released a report that stated, "Across the three countries, there have been no reported cases of a student or teacher being infected at a school since strict hygiene protocols were introduced when classes resumed at the beginning of the year after a months-long delay caused by the virus." Researchers presented evidence indicating that infected people that lived in low socioeconomic areas were more likely to transmit the virus to other socioeconomic status (SES) communities, in contrast to individuals in higher SES areas who were infected as well. A study on Nigeria's success story stated that, in this case, a prompt response by the government and proactive public health measures had resulted in the quick control of the outbreak.

1604:. Editor Nancy Gibbs said: "The rest of the world can sleep at night because a group of men and women are willing to stand and fight. For tireless acts of courage and mercy, for buying the world time to boost its defences, for risking, for persisting, for sacrificing and saving, the Ebola fighters are Time's 2014 Person of the Year." According to an October 2015 report by the CDC, Guinean healthcare workers had 42.2 times higher Ebola infection rates than non-healthcare workers, and male healthcare workers were more affected than their female counterparts. The report indicated that 27% of Ebola infections among healthcare workers in Guinea occurred among doctors. The CDC further indicated that healthcare workers in Guinea were less likely to report contact with an infected individual than non-healthcare workers. 1328:

preventive and curative health measures are put in place". MSF also spoke out against the closure of international borders, calling them "another layer of collective irresponsibility". In December 2015, the CDC indicated that it would no longer make the recommendation for US citizens going to Sierra Leone to be extra careful. However, the CDC did further indicate that individuals travelling to the country should take precaution with sick people and body fluids, and avoid contact with animals. There was concern that people returning from affected countries, such as health workers and reporters, may have been incubating the disease and become infectious after arriving. Guidelines for returning workers were issued by a number of agencies, including the CDC, MSF, Public Health England, and Public Health Ontario.

1545:, said in October 2014 that "the additional death toll from malaria and other diseases likely to exceed that of the outbreak itself". Dr Paul Farmer stated: "Most of Ebola's victims may well be dying from other causes: women in childbirth, children from diarrhoea, people in road accidents or from trauma of other sorts." As the epidemic drew to a close in 2015, a report from Sierra Leone showed that the fear and mistrust of hospitals generated by the epidemic had resulted in an 11% decline in facility-based births, and that those receiving care before or after birth fell by about a fifth. Consequently, between May 2014 and April 2015, the deaths of women during or just after childbirth rose by almost a third and those of newborns by a quarter, compared to the previous year. 784:

Ebola and the WHO stated that "we believe that this is probably again, somehow, someone who has come in contact with a virus that had been persisting in an individual, who had suffered the disease months ago." The infected boy died on 24 November, and on 3 December two remaining cases were released after recovering. On 16 December, the WHO reaffirmed that the cases in Liberia were the result of re-emergence of the virus in a previously infected person, and there was speculation that the boy may have been infected by an individual who became infectious once more due to pregnancy, which may have weakened her immune system. On 18 December, the WHO indicated that it still considered Ebola in Western Africa a public health emergency, though progress had been made.

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transmission to ending the epidemic. On 8 April 2015, the WHO reported a total of only 30 confirmed cases, and the weekly update for 29 July reported only seven new cases. Cases continued to gradually dwindle and on 7 October 2015, all three of the most seriously affected countries, per media reports, recorded their first joint week without any new cases. However, sporadic new cases were still being recorded, frustrating hopes that the epidemic could be declared over. On 31 March 2015, one year after the first report of the outbreak, the total number of cases was in excess of 25,000—with over 10,000 deaths. As the main epidemic was coming to an end in December 2015, the UN announced that 22,000 children had lost one or both parents to Ebola.

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deaths were reported, it was possible that the reverse could have been the case in some areas. WHO also reported that every district had access to a laboratory to confirm cases of Ebola within 24 hours of sample collection, and that all three countries had reported that more than 80% of registered contacts associated with known cases of Ebola virus disease were being traced, although contact tracing was still a challenge in areas of intense transmission and those with community resistance. It has been suggested that the loss of human life was not limited to Ebola victims alone. Many hospitals had to shut down, leaving people with other medical needs without care. A spokesperson for the UK-based health foundation, the

1407: 1554: 886:, for treatment. He was treated for kidney failure but was not tested for Ebola; he died on 27 October and his body returned to Guinea for burial. A nurse and a doctor who had treated the imam subsequently fell ill with Ebola and died. The next three cases were a man who had visited the imam while he was in hospital, his wife and his son. On 22 November, the final case related to the imam was reported—a friend of the Pasteur Clinic nurse who had died from the Ebola virus. On 12 December, the last case in treatment recovered and was discharged, "so there are no more people sick with Ebola in Mali", according to a Ministry of Health source. On 18 January 2015 the country was declared Ebola-free. 10178:

Ross, Christine; Bernstein, Kyle; Coursier, Antoine; Klena, John; Carino, Marylin; Wurie, Alie H.; Zhang, Yong; Dumbuya, Marion S.; Abad, Neetu; Idriss, Baimba; Wi, Teodora; Bennett, Sarah D.; Davies, Tina; Ebrahim, Faiqa K.; Meites, Elissa; Naidoo, Dhamari; Smith, Samuel J.; Ongpin, Patricia; Malik, Tasneem; Banerjee, Anshu; Erickson, Bobbie R.; Liu, Yongjian; Liu, Yang; Xu, Ke; Brault, Aaron; Durski, Kara N.; Winter, Jörn; Sealy, Tara; Nichol, Stuart T.; Lamunu, Margaret; Bangura, James; Landoulsi, Sihem; Jambai, Amara; Morgan, Oliver; Wu, Guizhen; Liang, Mifang; Su, Qiudong; Lan, Yu; Hao, Yanzhe; Formenty, Pierre; Ströher, Ute; Sahr, Foday (12 October 2017).

40: 515: 1086:(or the Zaire Ebola virus) is dangerous and is the virus responsible for the epidemic in Western Africa. Since the discovery of the viruses in 1976, Ebola virus disease had been confined to areas in Middle Africa, where it is native. The epidemic was initially thought to be caused by a new species native to Guinea, rather than being imported from Middle to Western Africa. However, further studies have shown that the outbreak was likely caused by an Ebola virus lineage that spread from Middle Africa via an animal host within the last decade, with the first viral transfer to humans in Guinea. and with 341 genetic changes in the 698:. The WHO indicated that there were 109 contacts and another three missing contacts, and that the source or route of transmission that caused the fatality was unknown. A second new case—a relative and caregiver of the aforementioned victim—had become symptomatic on 20 January while under observation at a quarantine centre. On 26 January WHO Director-General, Dr Margaret Chan officially confirmed that the outbreak was not yet over; that same day, it was also reported that Ebola restrictions had halted market activity in Kambia District amid protests. On 8 February the last Ebola patient was also released. 1351: 1228:, the scientist who co-discovered the Ebola virus, stated that the outbreak was not following its usual linear patterns as mapped out in earlier outbreaks—this time the virus was "hopping" all over the Western African epidemic region. Furthermore, most past epidemics had occurred in remote regions, but this outbreak spread to large urban areas, which had increased the number of contacts an infected person might have and made transmission harder to track and break. On 9 December, a study indicated that a single individual introduced the virus into Liberia, causing the most cases of the disease in that country. 1492:

whether these medical conditions are due to the disease itself, the treatment given or chlorine used during disinfection of the patients. This is a new area for research; little is known about the post-Ebola symptoms." In August 2015, the WHO held a meeting to work out a "Comprehensive care plan for Ebola survivors" and identify research needed to optimise clinical care and social well-being. Stating that "the Ebola outbreak has decimated families, health systems, economies, and social structures", the WHO called the aftermath of the epidemic "an emergency within an emergency." On 22 January, the WHO issued

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handed the Ebola treatment facility over to the government. On 30 April, the US shut down a special Ebola treatment unit in Liberia. The last known case of Ebola died on 27 March, and the country was officially declared Ebola-free on 9 May 2015. The WHO congratulated Liberia saying, "reaching this milestone is a testament to the strong leadership and coordination of Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf and the Liberian Government, the determination and vigilance of Liberian communities, the extensive support of global partners, and the tireless and heroic work of local and international health teams."

13505:; Edmunds, W John; Camacho, Anton; Carroll, Miles W; Doumbia, Moussa; Draguez, Bertrand; Duraffour, Sophie; Enwere, Godwin; Grais, Rebecca; Gunther, Stephan; Hossmann, Stefanie; Kondé, Mandy Kader; Kone, Souleymane; Kuisma, Eeva; Levine, Myron M; Mandal, Sema; Norheim, Gunnstein; Riveros, Ximena; Soumah, Aboubacar; Trelle, Sven; Vicari, Andrea S; Watson, Conall H; Kéïta, Sakoba; Kieny, Marie Paule; Røttingen, John-Arne (August 2015). "Efficacy and effectiveness of an rVSV-vectored vaccine expressing Ebola surface glycoprotein: interim results from the Guinea ring vaccination cluster-randomised trial". 588:, consequently, the country's government quarantined an area around the home where the cases took place. On 22 March, the media reported that medical authorities in Guinea had quarantined 816 suspected contacts of the prior cases; the same day, Liberia ordered its border with Guinea closed. On 29 March, it was reported that about 1,000 contacts had been identified, and on 30 March three more confirmed cases were reported. On 1 April, it was reported by the media, that possible contacts, which numbered in the hundreds, had been given an experimental vaccine using a 23439: 1307: 2957: 615: 393: 22997: 20379: 1613: 686:. Prior to this case, the WHO had advised that "we still anticipate more flare-ups and must be prepared for them. A massive effort is underway to ensure robust prevention, surveillance and response capacity across all three countries by the end of March." On 16 January aid workers reported that a woman had died of the virus and that she may have exposed several individuals; the government later announced that 100 people had been quarantined. Investigations indicated that the deceased was a student from 875:—a two-year-old girl who had arrived from Guinea, and died the next day. Her father had worked for the Red Cross in Guinea and also in a private health clinic; he had died earlier in the month, likely from an Ebola infection contracted in the private clinic. It was later established that a number of family members had also died of Ebola. The family had returned to Mali after the father's funeral. All contacts were followed for 21 days, with no further spread of the disease reported. 635:. With the number of cases continuing to increase, an MSF coordinator described the situation in Sierra Leone as "catastrophic", saying, "there are several villages and communities that have been basically wiped out ... Whole communities have disappeared but many of them are not in the statistics." In mid-November the WHO reported that, while there was some evidence that the number of cases were no longer rising in Guinea and Liberia, steep increases persisted in Sierra Leone. 1508:. With regard to ocular problems, sensitivity to light and blurry vision have been indicated among survivors. Among the aftereffects of Ebola virus disease, uveitis and optic nerve disease could appear after an individual is discharged. Ocular problems could threaten sight in survivors, thus the need for prompt treatment. In treating such individuals, the WHO recommends urgent intervention if uveitis is suspected. Hearing loss has been reported in Ebola survivors 25% of the time. 1337: 792:. On 4 April, it was reported that 84 individuals were under observation due to contact with the two confirmed Ebola cases. By 7 April, Liberia had confirmed three new cases since the virus resurfaced and a total of 97 contacts, including 15 healthcare workers, were being monitored. The index case of the new flareup was reported to be the wife of a patient who died from Ebola in Guinea; she had travelled to Monrovia after the funeral but died from the disease. 1992:

reliable information". Peter Piot, co-discoverer of the Ebola virus, called the WHO regional office in Africa "really not competent." In April 2015, the WHO admitted very serious failings in handling the crisis and indicated reforms for any future crises; "we did not work effectively in coordination with other partners, there were shortcomings in risk communications and there was confusion of roles and responsibilities". The Ebola crisis was discussed at the June 2015

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Colubri, A.; Coomber, M. R.; Fonnie, M.; Moigboi, A.; Gbakie, M.; Kamara, F. K.; Tucker, V.; Konuwa, E.; Saffa, S.; Sellu, J.; Jalloh, A. A.; Kovoma, A.; Koninga, J.; Mustapha, I.; Kargbo, K.; Foday, M.; Yillah, M.; Kanneh, F.; Robert, W.; Massally, J. L. B.; Chapman, S. B.; Bochicchio, J.; Murphy, C.; Nusbaum, C.; Young, S.; Birren, B. W.; Grant, D. S.; Scheiffelin, J. S.; Lander, E. S.; Happi, C.; Gevao, S. M.; Gnirke, A.; Rambaut, A.; Garry, R. F.; Khan, S. H.;

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beds were available, it was debated whether conventional hospitals are the best place to care for Ebola patients, as the risk of spreading the infection is high. In October, the WHO and non-profit partners launched a program in Liberia to move infected people out of their homes into ad hoc centres that could provide rudimentary care. Health facilities with low-quality systems for preventing infection were involved as sites of amplification during viral outbreaks.

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observed in humans." The research showed that the outbreak in Sierra Leone was sparked by at least two distinct lineages introduced from Guinea at about the same time. It is not clear whether the traditional healer was infected with both variants, or if perhaps one of the women attending the funeral was independently infected. As the Sierra Leone epidemic progressed, one virus lineage disappeared from patient samples, while a third one appeared.

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managed IV treatment was not helpful and may even kill a patient. They also said that they were concerned about further risk to already overworked staff. In 2015 experts studied the mortality rates of different treatment settings, and given the wide differences in variables that affected outcomes, adequate information had not yet been gathered to make a definitive statement about what constituted optimal care in the Western African setting.

1320:, a disease-fighting practice that forcibly isolates affected regions, was established in the triangular area where Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone are separated only by porous borders and where 70 per cent of the known cases had been found. This was subsequently replaced by a series of checkpoints for hand-washing and measuring body temperature on major roads throughout the region, manned either by local volunteers or by the military. 1932:

90-day plan to control and reverse the Ebola epidemic. The ultimate goal was to have capacity in place for the isolation of 100% of Ebola cases and the safe burial of 100% of casualties by 1 January 2015 (the 90-day target). Many nations and charitable organisations cooperated to realise the plan, and a WHO situation report published mid-December indicated that the international community was on track to meet the 90-day target.

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advocacy group, "yet the IMF, which has made a $ 9 billion surplus from its lending over the last three years, is considering offering loans, not debt relief and grants, in response". On 30 January 2015, the IMF reported it was close to reaching a deal on debt forgiveness. On 22 December, it was reported that the IMF had given Liberia an additional $ 10 million due to the economic impact of the Ebola virus outbreak.

23451: 1963: 988:, Texas, on 20 September. On 26 September, he fell ill and sought medical treatment, but was sent home with antibiotics. He returned to the hospital by ambulance on 28 September and was placed in isolation and tested for Ebola. He died on 8 October. Two cases stemmed from Duncan, when two nurses that had treated him tested positive for the virus; they were declared Ebola-free on 24 and 22 October, respectively. 18417: 455: 447: 1525: 1884:

African region. On 13 April 2015, the World Bank said that they would soon announce a major new effort to rebuild the economies of the three hardest-hit countries. On 23 July, a World Bank poll warned that "we are not ready for another Ebola outbreak". On 15 December, the World Bank indicated that by 1 December 2015, it had marshalled $ 1.62 billion in financing for the Ebola outbreak response.

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The same report predicted that total cases, including unreported cases, could reach 1.4 million in Liberia and Sierra Leone by the end of January 2015 if no improvement in intervention or community behaviour occurred. However, at a congressional hearing on 19 November, the Director of the CDC said that the number of Ebola cases was no longer expected to exceed 1 million, moving away from the

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outbreak itself". There were also reports that adequate personal protection equipment was not being provided for medical personnel. The Director-General of MSF said: "Countries affected to date simply do not have the capacity to manage an outbreak of this size and complexity on their own. I urge the international community to provide this support on the most urgent basis possible."

1457:. However, administration of IV fluids is difficult in the African environment. Inserting an IV needle while wearing three pairs of gloves and goggles that may be fogged is difficult, and once in place, the IV site and line must be constantly monitored. Without sufficient staff to care for patients, needles may become dislodged or pulled out by a delirious patient. A patient's 368:, often severe enough to require medical care for months or even years. An additional cause for concern is the apparent ability of the virus to "hide" in a recovered survivor's body for an extended period of time and then become active months or years later, either in the same individual or in a sexual partner. In December 2016, the WHO announced that a two-year trial of the 2004:

and the establishment of a global fund to finance and accelerate the development of outbreak-relevant drugs and treatment. The report also noted that competent governance of the global system demanded political leadership and a WHO that is more focused and appropriately financed and whose integrity is restored through the application of adequate reforms and leadership.

1706:, is a statistical measure of the average number of people infected by a single infectious individual in a population with no prior immunity. If the basic reproduction number is less than 1, the epidemic will die out; if it is greater than 1, the epidemic will continue to spread—with exponential growth in the number of cases. In September 2014, the estimated values of 1098:

we still don't know that yet. A virus can change itself to less deadly, but more contagious and that's something we are afraid of." A 2015 study suggested that accelerating the rate of mutation of the Ebola virus could make the virus less capable of infecting humans. In this animal study, the virus became practically non-viable, consequently increasing survival.

15944:; Sridhar, Devi; Pate, Muhammad A; Jha, Ashish K; Clinton, Chelsea; Delaunay, Sophie; Edwin, Valnora; Fallah, Mosoka; Fidler, David P; Garrett, Laurie; Goosby, Eric; Gostin, Lawrence O; Heymann, David L; Lee, Kelley; Leung, Gabriel M; Morrison, J Stephen; Saavedra, Jorge; Tanner, Marcel; Leigh, Jennifer A; Hawkins, Benjamin; Woskie, Liana R; Piot, Peter (2015). 1781: 776:, researchers looked at the possibility that the meat may have been involved in the transfer of the virus. Testing of the dog's remains, however, was negative for the Ebola virus. By 9 July three more cases were discovered, bringing the total number of new cases to five, all from the same area. On 14 July, a woman died of the disease in the county of 1159:

Evidence is not available yet beyond 82 days." In April 2015, following a report that the RNA virus had been detected in a semen sample six months after a man's recovery, the WHO issued a statement: "Ebola survivors should consider correct and consistent use of condoms for all sexual acts beyond three months until more information is available."

428:, dysfunctional healthcare systems, distrust of government after years of armed conflict, and the delay in responding for several months, all contributed to the failure to control the epidemic. Other factors, per media reports, included local burial customs of washing the body and the unprecedented spread of Ebola to densely populated cities. 1473:, an NGO that began to treat Ebola patients in January 2015, strongly supported IV therapy for all Ebola patients stating: "What if the fatality rate isn't the virulence of disease but the mediocrity of the medical delivery?" Farmer suggested that every treatment facility should have a team that specializes in inserting IVs, or better yet, 443:. His mother, sister, and grandmother later became ill with similar symptoms and also died; people infected by these initial cases spread the disease to other villages. These early cases were diagnosed as other conditions more common to the area and the disease had several months to spread before it became recognised as Ebola. 1342: 1338: 1805:

decline in the Liberian national economy during the outbreak, as well as an indication that the county of Montserrado was hardest hit economically. The capital city Monrovia suffered the most construction and restaurant unemployment, while outside the capital, the food and beverage sectors suffered economically. The

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Baimba; Wi, Teodora; Bennett, Sarah D.; Davies, Tina; Ebrahim, Faiqa K.; Meites, Elissa; Naidoo, Dhamari; Smith, Samuel; Banerjee, Anshu; Erickson, Bobbie Rae; Brault, Aaron; Durski, Kara N.; Winter, Jorn; Sealy, Tara; Nichol, Stuart T.; Lamunu, Margaret; Ströher, Ute; Morgan, Oliver; Sahr, Foday (14 October 2015).

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Matthew; Jah, Umaru; Guetiya Wadoum, Raoul Emeric; Rollin, Pierre; Magassouba, N'Faly; Malvy, Denis; Anglaret, Xavier; Carroll, Miles W.; Aylward, Raymond Bruce; Djingarey, Mamoudou Harouna; Diarra, Abdoulaye; Formenty, Pierre; Keïta, Sakoba; Günther, Stephan; Rambaut, Andrew; Duraffour, Sophie (15 November 2016).

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second person. The authors estimated that between 17% and 70% of cases in Western Africa were unreported—far fewer than had been estimated in prior projections. The study concluded that the epidemic would not be as difficult to control as feared, if rapid, vigorous contact tracing and quarantines were employed.

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Ebola at the Dakar laboratory, and the positive result launched an investigation, triggering urgent contact tracing. On 10 September, it was reported that the initial case had recovered. No further cases were reported, and on 17 October 2014, the WHO officially declared that the outbreak in Senegal had ended.

1155:, with a study released in September 2016 suggesting that the virus may survive more than 530 days after infection. EBOV RNA in semen is not the same as perseverance of EBOV in semen, however the "clinical significance of low levels of virus RNA in convalescent" individuals who are healthy is unknown. 13232:

van Griensven, Johan; Edwards, Tansy; de Lamballerie, Xavier; Semple, Malcolm G.; Gallian, Pierre; Baize, Sylvain; Horby, Peter W.; Raoul, Hervé; Magassouba, N'Faly; Antierens, Annick; Lomas, Carolyn; Faye, Ousmane; Sall, Amadou A.; Fransen, Katrien; Buyze, Jozefien; Ravinetto, Raffaella; Tiberghien,

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reported in an internal draft document that the WHO admitted "nearly everyone" involved in the Ebola response failed to notice factors that turned the outbreak into the largest on record, and that they had missed chances to stop the spread of Ebola due to "incompetent staff, bureaucracy and a lack of

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reported that due to a decrease in trade, closing of borders, flight cancellations, and drop in foreign investment and tourism activity fuelled by stigma, the epidemic had resulted in vast economic consequences in both the affected areas in Western Africa and in other African nations with no cases of

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in Germany, controversially announced that the containment fight in Sierra Leone and Liberia had already been "lost" and that the disease would "burn itself out". On 23 September 2014, the WHO revised their previous projection, stating that they expected the number of Ebola cases in Western Africa to

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A number of Ebola treatment centres were set up in the area, supported by international aid organisations and staffed by a combination of local and international staff. An important part of each centre is an arrangement for safe burial or cremation of bodies, required to prevent further infection. In

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so that a possible case of Ebola can be registered and accurately diagnosed as soon as possible, and subsequently finding everyone who has had close contact with the case and tracking them for 21 days. However, this requires careful record-keeping by properly trained and equipped staff. WHO Assistant

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In October 2014, a nursing assistant, Teresa Romero, who had cared for these patients became unwell and on 6 October tested positive for Ebola, making this the first confirmed case of Ebola transmission outside of Africa. On 19 October, it was reported that Romero had recovered, and on 2 December the

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village to be the last known place with Ebola in the country, and on 11 November, WHO indicated that no Ebola cases were reported in Guinea; this was the first time since the epidemic began that no cases had been reported in any country. On 17 November, the last Ebola patient in Guinea had recovered,

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The WHO also came under fire for refusing to send Dr. Olivet Buck to Germany for experimental treatment after she contracted Ebola per the government of Sierra Leone's request. WHO claimed they could only evacuate medical professionals they had deployed to the region, not locals; Dr. Olivet Buck was

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Movement of people away from affected areas disturbed agricultural activities. The FAO warned that the outbreak could endanger harvests and food security in Western Africa, and that with all the quarantines and movement limitations placed on them, more than 1 million people could be food insecure by

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had projected an estimated loss of $ 1.6 billion in productivity for all three affected Western African countries combined for 2015. In Liberian counties that were less affected by the outbreak, the number of individuals employed fell by 24%. Montserrado saw a 47% decline in employment per firm from

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In a report released on 23 September 2014, the CDC analysed the impact of under-reporting, which required correction of case numbers by a factor of up to 2.5. With this correction factor, approximately 21,000 total cases were estimated for the end of September 2014 in Liberia and Sierra Leone alone.

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In January 2015, the media stated researchers in Guinea had reported mutations in the virus samples that they were looking at. According to them, "we've now seen several cases that don't have any symptoms at all, asymptomatic cases. These people may be the people who can spread the virus better, but

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On 22 September 2014, the Nigerian health ministry announced, "As of today, there is no case of Ebola in Nigeria." According to the WHO, 20 cases and 8 deaths were confirmed, including the imported case, who also died. Four of the dead were health workers who had cared for the index case.

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After having completed the 42-day time period, Liberia was declared free from the virus on 14 January 2016, effectively ending the outbreak that had started in neighbouring Guinea two years earlier. Liberia began a 90-day period of heightened surveillance, scheduled to conclude on 13 April 2016, but

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In February 2015, Guinea recorded a rise in cases; health authorities stated that this was related to the fact that they "were only now gaining access to faraway villages", where violence had previously prevented them from entering. On 14 February, violence erupted and an Ebola treatment centre near

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On 14 January 2016, after all the previously infected countries had been declared Ebola-free, the WHO reported that "all known chains of transmission have been stopped in Western Africa", but cautioned that further small outbreaks of the disease could occur. The following day, Sierra Leone confirmed

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As the epidemic progressed, a small outbreak occurred in Nigeria that resulted in 20 cases and another in Mali with seven cases. Four other countries (Senegal, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States) also reported cases imported from Western Africa, with widespread and intense transmission.

11759:

Guidance on Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) To Be Used By Healthcare Workers during Management of Patients with Confirmed Ebola or Persons under Investigation (PUIs) for Ebola who are Clinically Unstable or Have Bleeding, Vomiting, or Diarrhea in U.S. Hospitals, Including Procedures for Donning

10177:

Deen, Gibrilla F.; Broutet, Nathalie; Xu, Wenbo; Knust, Barbara; Sesay, Foday R.; McDonald, Suzanna L.R.; Ervin, Elizabeth; Marrinan, Jaclyn E.; Gaillard, Philippe; Habib, Ndema; Liu, Hongtu; Liu, William; Thorson, Anna E.; Yamba, Francis; Massaquoi, Thomas A.; James, Faustin; Ariyarajah, Archchun;

1900:

in the continent had declined 43% in the first 6 months of 2015. On 25 January, the IMF projected a GDP growth of 0.3% for Liberia, that country indicating it would cut spending by 11 per cent due to a stagnation in the mining sector, which would cause a domestic revenues drop of $ 57 million.

1891:

announced that he would host an Ebola recovery conference to raise funds for reconstruction, stating that the three countries hardest hit by Ebola needed about $ 700 million to rebuild their health services over a two-year period. On 10 July, it was announced that the countries most affected by the

1875:(IMF), Liberian president Ellen Johnson Sirleaf said the amount was needed because "ur health systems collapsed, investors left our countries, revenues declined and spending increased." The IMF has been criticised for its lack of assistance in the efforts to combat the epidemic. In December 2014, a 1821:

of the three worst hit countries. In spite of the end of civil violence in 2003 and inflows from international donors, the reconstruction of Liberia had been very slow and non-productive—water delivery systems, sanitation facilities and centralised electricity were practically non-existent, even in

1586:

began to take measures to provide support for families that were forced to care for patients at home by supplying caregiver kits intended for interim home-based interventions. The kits included protective clothing, hydration items, medicines, and disinfectant, among other items. Even where hospital

1270:

Denial in some affected countries also made containment efforts difficult. Language barriers and the appearance of medical teams in protective suits sometimes increased fears of the virus. In Liberia, a mob attacked an Ebola isolation centre, stealing equipment and "freeing" patients while shouting

1141:

The continent of Africa has experienced deforestation in several areas or regions; this may contribute to recent outbreaks, including this epidemic, as initial cases have been in the proximity of deforested lands where fruit-eating bats natural habitat may be affected, though 100% evidence does not

1093:

In a report released in August 2014, researchers tracked the spread of Ebola in Sierra Leone from the group first infected—13 women who had attended the funeral of the traditional healer, where they contracted the disease. This provided "the first time that the real evolution of the Ebola virus be

767:

In January 2015, the MSF field coordinator reported that Liberia was down to only five confirmed cases. In March, after two weeks of not reporting any new cases, three new cases were confirmed. On 8 April, a new health minister was named in an effort to end Ebola in the country and on 26 April, MSF

701:

On 4 February 2016 the last known case tested negative for a second consecutive time and Sierra Leone commenced another 42-day countdown towards being declared Ebola-free. On 17 March 2016 the WHO announced that the Sierra Leone flare-up was over, and that no other chains of transmission were known

667:

was rapidly decreasing in Sierra Leone. However, in February and March reports indicated another rise in the number of cases. The WHO weekly update for 29 July reported a total of only three new cases, the lowest in more than a year. On 17 August the country marked its first week with no new cases,

9660:

Mari Saez, A.; Weiss, S.; Nowak, K.; Lapeyre, V.; Zimmermann, F.; Dux, A.; Kuhl, H. S.; Kaba, M.; Regnaut, S.; Merkel, K.; Sachse, A.; Thiesen, U.; Villanyi, L.; Boesch, C.; Dabrowski, P. W.; Radonic, A.; Nitsche, A.; Leendertz, S. A. J.; Petterson, S.; Becker, S.; Krahling, V.; Couacy-Hymann, E.;

2915:

The mortality (number of dead per number of healthy per time frame) recorded in Liberia up to 26 August 2014 was 70%. However, due to the estimation method used, the estimated case fatality rate (70.8%) for this particular epidemic differs from the actual ratio between the number of deaths and the

2003:

The panel outlined 10 recommendations for the prevention and handling of future infectious disease outbreaks. Included in the recommendations of the changes needed to fight future outbreaks is the creation of a U.N. Security Council health committee to expedite political attention to health issues

1986:

In a 26 September statement, the WHO stated that "he Ebola epidemic ravaging parts of Western Africa is the most severe acute public health emergency seen in modern times" and its Director-General called the outbreak "the largest, most complex and most severe we've ever seen". In October 2014, the

1953:

In May 2015, Dr Margaret Chan indicated, "demands on WHO were more than ten times greater than ever experienced in the almost 70-year history of this Organization" and on 23 March, she stated that "the world remains woefully ill-prepared to respond to outbreaks that are both severe and sustained."

1931:

declared the Ebola virus outbreak in Western Africa "a threat to international peace and security" and unanimously adopted a resolution urging UN member states to provide more resources to fight the outbreak. In October, WHO and the UN Mission for Ebola Emergency Response announced a comprehensive

1590:

In the hardest hit areas there have historically been only one or two doctors available to treat 100,000 people, and these doctors are heavily concentrated in urban areas. Ebola patients' healthcare providers, as well as family and friends, are at highest risk of getting infected because they

1491:

There are at least 17,000 people who have survived infection from the Ebola virus in Western Africa; some of them have reported lingering health effects. In early November, a WHO consultant reported: "Many of the survivors are discharged with the so-called Post-Ebola Syndrome. We want to ascertain

1374:

USAID published an open competitive bidding for proposals that address the challenge of developing "new practical and cost-effective solutions to improve infection treatment and control that can be rapidly deployed; 1) to help health care workers provide better care and 2) transform our ability to

1370:

The Ebola epidemic caused an increasing demand for protective clothing. A full set of protective clothing includes a suit, goggles, a mask, socks and boots, and an apron. Boots and aprons can be disinfected and reused, but everything else must be destroyed after use. Health workers change garments

1125:

The initial infection is believed to occur after an Ebola virus is transmitted to a human by contact with an infected animal's body fluids. Evidence strongly implicates bats as the reservoir hosts. Bats drop partially eaten fruit and pulp, then land mammals feed on this fallen fruit. This chain of

1049:

revealed that this outbreak was caused by the Zaire Ebola species, which is native to the DRC; there have been seven previous Ebola outbreaks in the country since 1976. The virology results and epidemiological findings indicated no connection to the epidemic in Western Africa. The WHO declared the

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who had been treating Ebola patients from across the nearby border with Guinea and who died on 26 May 2014; according to tribal tradition, her body was washed for burial, and this appears to have led to infections in women from neighbouring towns. On 11 June Sierra Leone shut its borders for trade

10072:

Deen, Gibrilla F.; Knust, Barbara; Broutet, Nathalie; Sesay, Foday R.; Formenty, Pierre; Ross, Christine; Thorson, Anna E.; Massaquoi, Thomas A.; Marrinan, Jaclyn E.; Ervin, Elizabeth; Jambai, Amara; McDonald, Suzanna L.R.; Bernstein, Kyle; Wurie, Alie H.; Dumbuya, Marion S.; Abad, Neetu; Idriss,

5553:

Diallo, Boubacar; Sissoko, Daouda; Loman, Nicholas J.; Bah, Hadja Aïssatou; Bah, Hawa; Worrell, Mary Claire; Conde, lya Saidou; Sacko, Ramata; Mesfin, Samuel; Loua, Angelo; Kalonda, Jacques Katomba; Erondu, Ngozi A.; Dahl, Benjamin A.; Handrick, Susann; Goodfellow, Ian; Meredith, Luke W.; Cotten,

1883:

In October 2014, a World Bank report estimated overall economic impacts of between $ 3.8 billion and $ 32.6 billion, depending on the extent of the outbreak and speed of containment. It expected the most severe losses in the three affected countries, with a wider impact across the broader Western

1879:

study linked IMF policies with the financial difficulties that prevented a strong Ebola response in the three most heavily affected countries, and they were urged by both the UN and NGOs who had worked in the affected countries to grant debt relief rather than low-interest loans. According to one

1871:) was needed so that countries could begin to financially assist those that had been worst hit by the virus. The call was repeated in April 2015 when the most-affected Western African countries asked for an $ 8 billion "Marshall Plan" to rebuild their economies. Speaking at the World Bank and the 1511:

In February 2015, a Sierra Leone physician said about half of the recovered patients she saw reported declining health and that she had seen survivors go blind. In May 2015, a senior consultant to the WHO said that the reports of eye problems were especially worrying because "there are hardly any

1382:

The WHO recommends the use of two pairs of gloves, with the outer pair worn over the gown. Using two pairs may reduce the risk of sharp injuries; however, there is no evidence that using more than the recommended will give additional protection. WHO also recommends the use of a coverall, which is

1267:." One study showed that once people had heard of the Ebola virus disease, hand washing with soap and water improved, though socio-demographic factors influenced hygiene. A number of organisations enrolled local people to conduct public awareness campaigns among the communities in Western Africa. 913:

from Sierra Leone, was diagnosed with Ebola. She was treated and released from hospital on 24 January 2015. On 8 October, she was readmitted for complications caused by the virus. On 14 October, her condition was listed as "critical" and 58 individuals were being monitored and 25 received an

817:

hospital. The patient was a native of Guinea who had travelled to Dakar, arriving on 20 August. On 28 August 2014, authorities in Guinea issued an alert that a person who had been in close contact with an Ebola-infected patient had escaped their surveillance system. The alert prompted testing for

783:

After two months of being Ebola-free, a new case was confirmed on 20 November 2015, when a 15-year-old boy was diagnosed with the virus and two family members subsequently tested positive. Health officials were concerned because the child had not recently travelled or been exposed to someone with

630:

During the first week of November reports told of a worsening situation due to intense transmission in Freetown. According to the Disaster Emergency Committee, food shortages resulting from aggressive quarantines were making the situation worse, and on 4 November media reported that thousands had

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emergency" was declared in five regions of the country. On 25 May, six persons were placed in prison isolation after they were found travelling with the corpse of an individual who had died of the disease. On 1 June, it was reported that violent protests in a north Guinean town at the border with

9189:

Kuhn, Jens H.; Becker, Stephan; Ebihara, Hideki; Geisbert, Thomas W.; Johnson, Karl M.; Kawaoka, Yoshihiro; Lipkin, W. Ian; Negredo, Ana I.; Netesov, Sergey V.; Nichol, Stuart T.; Palacios, Gustavo; Peters, Clarence J.; Tenorio, Antonio; Volchkov, Viktor E.; Jahrling, Peter B. (30 October 2010).

1915:

In July 2014, the WHO convened an emergency meeting of health ministers from eleven countries and announced collaboration on a strategy to co-ordinate technical support to combat the epidemic. In August they published a road map to guide and coordinate the international response to the outbreak,

1763:

A study published in December 2014 found that transmission of the Ebola virus occurs principally within families, in hospitals and at funerals. The data, gathered during three weeks of contact tracing in August, showed that the third person in any transmission chain often knew both the first and

1540:

By December 2014 there were enough beds to treat and isolate all reported cases, although the uneven distribution of cases was resulting in serious shortfalls in some areas. Similarly, all affected countries had sufficient and widespread capacity to bury reported deaths; however, because not all

1464:

Treatment centres were overflowing with patients while others waited to be admitted; dead patients were so numerous that it was difficult to arrange for safe burials. MSF took a conservative approach. While using IV treatment for as many patients as they could manage, they argued that improperly

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and its partners established strict hygiene protocols to be used when the schools were reopened in January 2015. Their efforts included installing hand-washing stations and distributing millions of bars of soap and chlorine and plans for taking the temperature of children and staff at the school

1220:

Ebola control is hindered by the fact that current diagnostic tests require specialised equipment and highly trained personnel. Since there are few suitable testing centres in Western Africa, this delays diagnosis. As of February 2015 a number of rapid diagnostic tests were under trial. In

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The WHO based their new recommendations on a March 2015 case, in which a Liberian woman who had no contact with the disease other than having had unprotected sex with a man who had had the disease in October 2014, was diagnosed with Ebola. On 14 September 2015, the body of a girl who had died in

654:

indicated that their main concern was Sierra Leone, where the epidemic had shown no signs of abating as cases continued to rise exponentially; by the second week of December, Sierra Leone had reported nearly 400 cases—more than three times the number reported by Guinea and Liberia combined.

554:

Resistance to interventions by health officials among the Guinean population remained greater than in Sierra Leone and Liberia, per media reports, raising concerns over its impact on ongoing efforts to halt the epidemic; in mid-March, there were 95 new cases and on 28 March, and a 45-day "health

501:

On 28 January 2015, the WHO reported that for the first time since the week ending 29 June 2014, there had been fewer than 100 new confirmed cases reported in a week in the three most-affected countries. The response to the epidemic then moved to a second phase, as the focus shifted from slowing

13358:

Lai, Lilin; Davey, Richard; Beck, Allison; Xu, Yongxian; Suffredini, Anthony F.; Palmore, Tara; Kabbani, Sarah; Rogers, Susan; Kobinger, Gary; Alimonti, Judie; Link, Charles J.; Rubinson, Lewis; Ströher, Ute; Wolcott, Mark; Dorman, William; Uyeki, Timothy M.; Feldmann, Heinz; Lane, H. Clifford;

9127:

Gire, S. K.; Goba, A.; Andersen, K. G.; Sealfon, R. S. G.; Park, D. J.; Kanneh, L.; Jalloh, S.; Momoh, M.; Fullah, M.; Dudas, G.; Wohl, S.; Moses, L. M.; Yozwiak, N. L.; Winnicki, S.; Matranga, C. B.; Malboeuf, C. M.; Qu, J.; Gladden, A. D.; Schaffner, S. F.; Yang, X.; Jiang, P.-P.; Nekoui, M.;

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From the beginning of the outbreak, there existed considerable difficulty in getting reliable estimates—both of the number of people affected and of its geographical extent. The three most affected countries—Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone—are among the poorest in the world, with extremely low

1536:

Hospital workers, who worked closely with the highly contagious body fluids of the victims, were especially vulnerable to contracting the virus; in August 2014, the WHO reported that ten per cent of the dead had been healthcare workers. In late August, MSF called the situation "chaotic" and the

755:

By November 2014, the rate of new infections in Liberia appeared to be declining and the state of emergency was lifted. The drop in cases was believed to be related to an integrated strategy combining isolation and treatment with community behaviour change, including safe burial practices, case

10597:

Ladner, Jason T; Wiley, Michael R; Mate, Suzanne; Dudas, Gytis; Prieto, Karla; Lovett, Sean; Nagle, Elyse R; Beitzel, Brett; Gilbert, Merle L; Fakoli, Lawrence; Diclaro, Joseph W; Schoepp, Randal J; Fair, Joseph; Kuhn, Jens H; Hensley, Lisa E; Park, Daniel J; Sabeti, Pardis C; Rambaut, Andrew;

1804:

With regard to Ebola and economic activity in the country of Liberia, a study found that 8% of automotive firms, 8% of construction firms, 15% of food businesses and 30% of restaurants had closed due to the Ebola outbreak. Montserrado county experienced up to 20% firm closure. This indicated a

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Although the WHO does not advise caring for Ebola patients at home, in some cases it became a necessity when no hospital treatment beds were available. For those being treated at home, the WHO advised informing the local public health authority and acquiring appropriate training and equipment.

1327:

advised against this, saying that they were not justified and that they would prevent medical experts from entering the affected areas. UN officials working on the ground also criticised the travel restrictions, saying the solution was "not in travel restrictions but in ensuring that effective

1158:

In September 2014, the WHO had reported: "No formal evidence exists of sexual transmission, but sexual transmission from convalescent patients cannot be ruled out. There is evidence that live Ebola virus can be isolated in seminal fluids of convalescent men for 82 days after onset of symptoms.

533:

On 25 March 2014, the WHO reported an outbreak of Ebola virus disease in four southeastern districts of Guinea with a total of 86 suspected cases, including 59 deaths. MSF assisted the Ministry of Health by establishing Ebola treatment centres in the epicentre of the outbreak. On 31 March, the

1732:

this Roadmap assumes that in many areas of intense transmission the actual number of cases may be two- to fourfold higher than that currently reported. It acknowledges that the aggregate case load of Ebola could exceed 20,000 over the course of this emergency. The Roadmap assumes that a rapid

1532:

As the outbreak progressed, the media reports, many hospitals, short on both staff and supplies, were overwhelmed and closed down, leading some health experts to state that the inability to treat other medical needs may have been causing "an additional death toll likely to exceed that of the

771:

After three months with no new reports of cases, on 29 June Liberia reported that the body of a 17-year-old boy, who had been treated for malaria, tested positive for Ebola. The WHO said the boy had been in close contact with at least 200 people, who they were following up, and that "the case

2309:(OCHA), if available. The reports were sourced from official information from the affected countries' health ministries. The WHO has stated that the reported numbers "vastly underestimate the magnitude of the outbreak", estimating there may be three times as many cases as officially reported. 844:

The WHO's representative in Nigeria officially declared the country Ebola-free on 20 October 2014, stating it was a "spectacular success story". Nigeria was the first African country to be declared Ebola free. This was largely due to the early quarantine efforts of Dr. Ameyo Stella Adadevoh.

9382:

Simon-Loriere, Etienne; Faye, Ousmane; Faye, Oumar; Koivogui, Lamine; Magassouba, Nfaly; Keita, Sakoba; Thiberge, Jean-Michel; Diancourt, Laure; Bouchier, Christiane; Vandenbogaert, Matthias; Caro, Valérie; Fall, Gamou; Buchmann, Jan P.; Matranga, Christan B.; Sabeti, Pardis C.; Manuguerra,

1213:

Director-General for Global Health Security, Keiji Fukuda, said on 3 September 2014, "We don't have enough health workers, doctors, nurses, drivers, and contact tracers to handle the increasing number of cases." There was a massive effort to train volunteers and health workers, sponsored by

1150:

Prior to this outbreak, it was believed that human-to-human transmission occurred only via direct contact with blood or bodily fluids from an infected person who is showing symptoms of infection, by contact with the body of a person who had died of Ebola, or by contact with objects recently

485:

were reported in mid-June. The outbreak then spread to Sierra Leone and progressed rapidly. By 17 July, the total number of suspected cases in the country stood at 442, surpassing those in Guinea and Liberia. By 20 July, additional cases of the disease had been reported by the media in the

599:

In September 2016, findings were published suggesting that the resurgence in Guinea was caused by an Ebola survivor who, after eight months of abstinence, had sexual relations with several partners, including the first victim in the new outbreak. The disease was also spread to Liberia.

372:

appeared to offer protection from the variant of EBOV responsible for the Western Africa outbreak. The vaccine is considered to be effective and is the only prophylactic which offers protection; hence, 300,000 doses have been stockpiled. rVSV-ZEBOV received regulatory approval in 2019.

1358:

One of the primary reasons for the spread of the disease is the low-quality health systems in the parts of Africa where the disease occurs. The risk of transmission is increased among those caring for people infected. Recommended measures when caring for those who are infected include

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caused by the virus persisting in her brain. On 12 November, she was released from hospital after making a full recovery. However, on 23 February, Cafferkey was admitted for a third time, "under routine monitoring by the Infectious Diseases Unit ... for further investigations".

9701:

The severe Ebola virus disease epidemic occurring in West Africa likely stems from a single zoonotic transmission event involving a 2‐year‐old boy in Meliandou, Guinea, who might have been infected by hunting or playing with insectivorous free‐tailed bats living in a nearby hollow

1817:. The economic effects were being felt nationwide in Liberia, such as the termination of expansions in the mining business. Initial scenarios had placed expected economic losses at $ 25 billion; however subsequent World Bank estimates were much lower, at about 12% of the combined 356:

was declared and on 29 March 2016, the WHO terminated the Public Health Emergency of International Concern status of the outbreak. Subsequent flare-ups occurred; the epidemic was finally declared over on 9 June 2016, 42 days after the last case tested negative on 28 April 2016 in

1167:

indicated that the RNA virus could remain in the semen of survivors for up to six months, and according to other researchers, the RNA virus could continue in semen for 82 days and maybe longer. Furthermore, Ebola RNA had been found up to 284 days post-onset of viral symptoms.

795:

On 29 April, WHO reported that Liberia had discharged the last patient. According to the WHO, tests indicated that the flare-up was likely due to contact with a prior Ebola survivor's infected body fluids. On 9 June, the flare-up was declared over, and the country Ebola-free.

1652:

candidates had been developed in the decade prior to 2014 and had been shown to protect nonhuman primates against infection, but none had yet been approved for clinical use in humans. About 15 different vaccines were in preclinical stages of development, and there were two

953:

confirmed that Brother Miguel Pajares, who had been volunteering in Liberia, had become infected. He was evacuated to Spain and died on 12 August. On 21 September it was announced that Brother Manuel García Viejo, another Spanish citizen who was medical director at the

747:

reported that some hospitals had been abandoned, while those still functioning lacked basic facilities and supplies. In October, the Liberian ambassador in Washington was reported as saying that he feared that his country may be "close to collapse"; by 24 October, all

1822:

Monrovia. Even before the outbreak, medical facilities did not have potable water, lighting or refrigeration. The authors indicated that lack of food and other economic effects would probably continue in the rural population long after the Ebola outbreak had ended.

772:

reportedly had no recent history of travel, contact with visitors from affected areas, or funeral attendance." A second case was confirmed on 1 July. After a third new case was confirmed on 2 July, and it was discovered that all three new cases had shared a meal of

1746:

be in excess of 20,000 by 2 November 2014. They further stated, that if the disease was not adequately contained it could become native in Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia, "spreading as routinely as malaria or the flu", and according to an editorial in the

1282:. In November, WHO released a protocol for the safe and dignified burial of people who die from Ebola virus disease. Speaking on 27 January 2015, Guinea's Grand Imam, the country's highest cleric, gave a very strong message saying, "There is nothing in the 1771:

might have a hand in terms of the more recent Ebola outbreaks. It has been suggested that due to the clearing of forest for commercial use, bats may be taken out of their natural habitat and therefore into closer and potential contact with civilisation.

1196:

In August 2014, the WHO published a road map of the steps required to bring the epidemic under control and to prevent further transmission of the disease within Western Africa; the coordinated international response worked towards realising this plan.

9785:

Nasi, Robert; Sheil, Douglas; Leendertz, Siv Aina; King, Shona; Suter, Jamison; Park, Douglas; Salim, Mohammad A.; Gaveau, David; Vargas, J. Mario; Farfán, Miguel A.; Márquez, Ana L.; Real, Raimundo; Fa, John E.; Olivero, Jesús (30 October 2017).

1496:. The guidance covers specific issues like musculoskeletal pain, which is reported in up to 75% of survivors. The pain is symmetrical and more pronounced in the morning, with the larger joints most affected. There is also possible periarticular 6340: 16672: 9873:

Osterholm, MT; Moore, KA; Kelley, NS; Brosseau, LM; Wong, G; Murphy, FA; Peters, CJ; LeDuc, JW; Russell, PK; Van Herp, M; Kapetshi, J; Muyembe, JJ; Ilunga, BK; Strong, JE; Grolla, A; Wolz, A; Kargbo, B; Kargbo, DK; Formenty, P; Sanders, DA;

1685:, it was determined that the outbreak did not uniformly unfold over the affected community areas, indicating that monitoring the outbreak at district level was important. The study showed that accurate predictions of growth were improbable. 595:

On 5 April 2016, it was reported via the media, that there had been nine new cases of Ebola since the virus resurfaced, out of which eight were fatal; on 1 June, after the stipulated waiting period, the WHO again declared Guinea Ebola-free.

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Sierra Leone tested positive for Ebola and it was suspected that she may have contracted the disease from the semen of an Ebola survivor who was discharged in March 2015. According to some news reports, a new study to be published in the

4087: 12365: 13724:

Santermans, Eva; Robesyn, Emmanuel; Ganyani, Tapiwa; Sudre, Bertrand; Faes, Christel; Quinten, Chantal; Bortel, Wim Van; Haber, Tom; Kovac, Thomas; Reeth, Frank Van; Testa, Marco; Hens, Niel; Plachouras, Diamantis (15 January 2016).

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with the largest working presence in the affected countries, had grown increasingly critical of the international response. Speaking on 3 September, the International President of MSF spoke out concerning the lack of assistance from

1367:. One of the biggest dangers of infection faced by medical staff requires their learning how to properly suit up and remove personal protective equipment. Full training for wearing protective body clothing can take 10 to 14 days. 567:

testing of community deaths". On 29 July, a sharp decline in cases was reported; the number of cases eventually plateaued at one or two cases per week in early August. On 28 October, an additional three cases were reported in the

1681:

levels of literacy, few hospitals or doctors, low-quality physical infrastructure, and weakly functioning government institutions. One study yielded results of the spatio-temporal evolution of the viral outbreak. With the use of

836:

on 20 July 2014. On 6 August 2014, the Nigerian health minister told reporters that one of the nurses that attended to the Liberian had died from the disease. Five newly confirmed cases were being treated at an isolation ward.

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To reduce the spread, the WHO recommended raising community awareness of the risk factors for Ebola infection and the protective measures individuals can take. These include avoiding contact with infected people and regular

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of Sierra Leone launched "Operation Western Area Surge" and workers went door-to-door in the capital city looking for possible cases. The operation led to 403 new reports of cases between 14 and 17 December.

550:

teams said they had suffered an average of 10 attacks a month over the previous year; MSF reported that acceptance of Ebola education remained low and that further violence against their workers might force them to leave.

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In late June 2015, the WHO reported that "weekly case incidence has stalled at between 20 and 27 cases since the end of May, whilst cases continue to arise from unknown sources of infection, and to be detected only after

9019: 1740:

When the WHO released these estimates, a number of epidemiologists presented data to show that the WHO projection of a total of 20,000 cases was likely an underestimate. On 9 September, Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit of the

352:(WHO) and respective governments reported a total of 28,646 suspected cases and 11,323 deaths (39.5%), though the WHO believes that this substantially understates the magnitude of the outbreak. On 8 August 2014, a 20090: 15197: 1847:

Tourism was directly impacted in the affected countries. In April 2014, Nigeria reported that 75% of hotel business had been lost due to fears of the outbreak; the limited Ebola outbreak had cost that country

1339: 12203: 1434:. In past outbreaks, it has been noted that some patients bleed internally and/or externally; however data published in October 2014 showed that this had been a rare symptom in the Western African outbreak. 995:, an American physician who had returned to the United States after treating Ebola patients in Western Africa, tested positive for the virus. Spencer recovered and was released from hospital on 11 November. 2000:. This, the report states, showed the risks in having such consequential decision-making power in one individual—a risk made worse when there was no mechanism of responsibility for such leadership failure. 7963: 1387:

doffing method to make the steps easier, and affirm the importance of cleaning the floor where doffing has been done. Additionally, a designated doffing assistant was recommended to help in this process.

1297:

During the height of the crisis, Knowledge's Ebola page received 2.5 million page views per day, making Knowledge one of the world's most highly used sources of medical information regarding the disease.

11654: 12173: 8558: 16308: 5501:

Duraffour, Sophie; Rambaut, Andrew; Günther, Stephan; Keïta, Sakoba; Formenty, Pierre; Diarra, Abdoulaye; Djingarey, Mamoudou Harouna; Aylward, Raymond Bruce; Carroll, Miles W. (15 November 2016).

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escalation of the complementary strategies in intense transmission, resource-constrained areas will allow the comprehensive application of more standard containment strategies within three months.

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Youkee, Daniel; Brown, Colin S.; Lilburn, Paul; Shetty, Nandini; Brooks, Tim; Simpson, Andrew; Bentley, Neil; Lado, Marta; Kamara, Thaim B.; Walker, Naomi F.; Johnson, Oliver (21 December 2015).

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8 billion. Other African countries that were not directly affected by the virus also reported adverse effects on tourism, including Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Zimbabwe, Senegal, Zambia, and Tanzania.

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September 2015, a new chip-based testing method that can detect Ebola accurately was reported. This new device allows for the use of portable instruments that can provide immediate diagnosis.

19268: 15638: 6046: 2870:—a licensed nurse-midwife and nursing supervisor at the Kenema hospital in Sierra Leone who died after contracting Ebola while caring for a fellow nurse who was pregnant and had the disease. 14838: 4116: 1151:

contaminated with the body fluids of an actively ill infected person. It is now known that the Ebola virus can be transmitted sexually. Studies have suggested that the virus can persist in

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the launch of a "Post-Ebola Economic Stabilization and Recovery Plan". On 24 November, it was reported that due to the decrease in commodity prices and the Western African Ebola epidemic,

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lines. In 2020, viewing the information gathered from the pandemic Farmer noted that there were almost no deaths in the U.S. and European patients because they had received optimal care.

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that says you must wash, kiss or hold your dead loved ones," and he called on citizens to do more to stop the virus by practising safer burying rituals that do not compromise tradition.

6821: 3963: 538:(CDC) sent a team to assist in the response. Thinking that spread of the virus had been contained, MSF closed its treatment centres in May, leaving only a skeleton staff to handle the 19705: 15045: 13184: 11384: 7635: 1271:"There's no Ebola." Red Cross staff were forced to suspend operations in southeast Guinea after they were threatened by a group of men armed with knives. In September, in the town of 6136: 3113: 23495: 8314: 679:. It is suspected that she contracted the disease from the semen of an Ebola survivor who had been discharged in March 2015. On 7 November 2015 the country was declared Ebola-free. 14289: 1728:

On 28 August 2014, the WHO released its first estimate of the possible total cases from the outbreak as part of its road map for stopping the transmission of the virus. It stated:

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developed a prototype breakaway hazmat suit, and was awarded a grant from the USAID to develop it. The prototype has a small, battery-powered cooling pack on the worker's belt.

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H. Cai; J. W. Parks; T. A. Wall; M. A. Stott; A. Stambaugh; K. Alfson; A. Griffiths; R. A. Mathies; R. Carrion; J. L. Patterson; A. R. Hawkins; H. Schmidt (25 September 2015).

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generally appraised in terms of its resistance to non-enveloped DNA virus. According to guidelines released by the CDC in August 2015, updates were put in place to improve the

17398: 9023: 7711: 5450: 1414:

No proven Ebola virus-specific treatment presently exists; however, measures can be taken to improve a patient's chances of survival. Symptoms usually begin with a sudden

682:

Sierra Leone had entered a 90-day period of enhanced surveillance that was scheduled to end on 5 February 2016, when, on 14 January, a new Ebola death was reported in the

13233:

Pierre; Claeys, Yves; De Crop, Maaike; Lynen, Lutgarde; Bah, Elhadj Ibrahima; Smith, Peter G.; Delamou, Alexandre; De Weggheleire, Anja; Haba, Nyankoye (7 January 2016).

9558:

Ng, Melinda; Ndungo, Esther; Kaczmarek, Maria E; Herbert, Andrew S; Binger, Tabea; Kuehne, Ana I; Jangra, Rohit K; Hawkins, John A; Gifford, Robert J (23 December 2015).

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The messages about don't touch the dead, wash your hands, if somebody is sick, leave them—these were all strange things, completely contrary to our tradition and culture.

646:

On 9 December 2014 news reports described the discovery of "a grim scene"—piles of bodies, overwhelmed medical personnel and exhausted burial teams—in the remote eastern

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Basing their choice on "the person or persons who most affected the news and our lives, for good or ill, and embodied what was important about the year", the editors of

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During the height of the epidemic, most schools in the three most affected countries were shut down and remained closed for several months. During the period of closure

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with Guinea and Liberia and closed some schools in an attempt to slow the spread of the virus; on 30 July the government began to deploy troops to enforce quarantines.

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using soap and water. A condition of extreme poverty exists in many of the areas that experienced a high incidence of infections. According to the director of the NGO

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According to the CDC, "the risk we face now that Ebola will simmer along, become native and be a problem for Africa and the world, for years to come". On 17 December

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March 2015. By 29 July, the World Bank had given 10,500 tons of maize and rice seed to the 3 hardest-hit countries to help them to rebuild their agricultural systems.

275:

Note: current estimates suggest that between 17 per cent and 70 per cent of Ebola cases were unreported, suggesting a total number of cases between 34,513 and 94,486.

12207: 7181: 6606: 15009: 11180: 6877: 20229: 18159: 13210: 16122: 12805: 474:

were being investigated. In Guinea, a total of 86 suspected cases, including 59 deaths, had been reported as of 24 March. By late May, the outbreak had spread to

19304: 17102:"Evaluation of a point-of-care blood test for identification of Ebola virus disease at Ebola holding units, Western Area, Sierra Leone, January to February 2015" 16200: 16174: 7368: 6461: 6238: 5044: 1263:

in most districts of Conakry pose a serious risk that the epidemic escalates into a crisis. People do not think to wash their hands when they do not have enough

1217:(USAID). According to WHO reports, 25,926 contacts from Guinea, 35,183 from Liberia and 104,454 from Sierra Leone were listed and traced as of 23 November 2014. 764:, leader of the Safe & Dignified Burial Practices Team during the crisis, was awarded the Florence Nightingale Medal in 2017 for her work during the crisis. 16148: 13585: 11658: 7967: 6710: 6264: 5866: 5808: 5096: 4059: 927:

On 12 May 2015, it was reported that a nurse, who had been working in Sierra Leone, had been diagnosed with Ebola after returning home to the Italian island of

740:, where screening centres would be established. Schools and universities were closed, and the worst-affected areas in the country were placed under quarantine. 20224: 16330: 15946:"Will Ebola change the game? Ten essential reforms before the next pandemic. The report of the Harvard-LSHTM Independent Panel on the Global Response to Ebola" 14706: 7018: 2306: 694:

on 28 December 2015 before returning symptomatic. She had also visited Bombali District to consult a herbalist, and had later gone to a government hospital in

14047:

WHO Virtual Press Conference on the third meeting of the International Health Regulations Emergency Committee regarding the 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa

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and the 2014 resurgence of poliomyelitis) that invokes legal measures on disease prevention, surveillance, control, and response, by 194 signatory countries.

1126:

events forms a possible indirect means of transmission from the natural host to animal populations. As primates in the area were not found to be infected and

13650: 12181: 11194: 11152: 10767: 6553: 3222: 17: 16455: 12831: 12665: 12591: 8093: 7102: 4750: 3434: 15840: 13558: 12565: 12443: 11267: 7553: 7420: 1910: 348:. By the end of the epidemic, 28,616 people had been infected; of these, 11,310 had died, for a case-fatality rate of 40%. As of 8 May 2016, the 313:. The first cases were recorded in Guinea in December 2013; the disease spread to neighbouring Liberia and Sierra Leone, with minor outbreaks occurring in 17714: 14811: 8473: 7164: 15166: 15142: 10696: 8703: 5924: 15787: 14631: 14605: 11490: 10900: 10848: 10348: 6736: 5778: 20070: 19602: 17624: 11000: 10147: 6322: 5977: 5650: 5011: 1214: 20979: 14552: 10519: 3366:... we estimate that the case fatality rate is 70.8% (95% confidence interval , 69 to 73) among persons with known clinical outcome of infection. 1943:

would be staffing a 100-bed hospital in Sierra Leone after an agreement was reached with the United Kingdom to treat any infected Australian workers.

1892:

Ebola epidemic would receive $ 3.4 billion to rebuild their economies. On 29 September, the leaders of both Sierra Leone and Liberia indicated at the

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The report included an assumption that some country or countries would pay the required cost of their plan, estimated at half a billion US dollars.

1660:

In July 2015, researchers announced that a vaccine trial in Guinea had been completed that appeared to give protection from the virus. The vaccine,

341:. The number of cases peaked in October 2014 and then began to decline gradually, following the commitment of substantial international resources. 20359: 16933:"The role of training in the West Africa Ebola response World Health Organization A review of the role of training in WHO Ebola emergency response" 15611: 13340: 6216: 6050: 3404: 3196: 1917: 1461:

must be closely monitored to determine correct fluid administration, for which many areas did not have access to the required laboratory services.

353: 14842: 12366:"Ebola outbreak: Deaths from malaria and other diseases could soar while Africa's over-stretched healthcare systems fight the virus, expert warns" 8628: 8422: 4120: 2305:

Note 2: Data are from reports by the WHO Global Alert and Response Unit and the WHO's Regional Office for Africa. All numbers are correlated with

18164: 17487: 17260: 16957:"Enhanced case management can be delivered for patients with EVD in Africa: Experience from a UK military Ebola treatment centre in Sierra Leone" 15817: 15765: 14233: 7989: 7912: 4505: 1574:

in Guinea. It is one of the most modern medical centres in Guinea. Also in January, MSF admitted its first patients to a new treatment centre in

535: 13727:"Spatiotemporal Evolution of Ebola Virus Disease at Sub-National Level during the 2014 West Africa Epidemic: Model Scrutiny and Data Meagreness" 10804: 6114: 19416: 19182: 19084: 18802: 14961: 10229:"Systematic review of the literature on viral persistence and sexual transmission from recovered Ebola survivors: evidence and recommendations" 9360: 5379: 4581: 3964:"First FDA-approved vaccine for the prevention of Ebola virus disease, marking a critical milestone in public health preparedness and response" 2867: 1742: 743:

With only 50 physicians in the entire country—one for every 70,000 citizens—Liberia was already in a healthcare crisis. In September, the

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Akoua-Koffi, C.; Weber, N.; Schaade, L.; Fahr, J.; Borchert, M.; Gogarten, J. F.; Calvignac-Spencer, S.; Leendertz, F. H. (30 December 2014).

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Gonzalez, J. P.; Pourrut, X.; Leroy, E. (2007). "Ebolavirus and Other Filoviruses". In Childs, J. E.; Mackenzie, J. S.; Richt, J. A. (eds.).

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in Europe or the US. They were mostly health workers with one of the NGOs in Western Africa. With the exception of a single isolated case in

992: 878:

On 12 November 2014, Mali reported deaths from Ebola in an outbreak unconnected with the first case in Kayes. The first probable case was an

813:

closed its southern border with Guinea, but on 29 August, the health minister announced the country's first case, who was being treated in a

17145:"Emetine inhibits Zika and Ebola virus infections through two molecular mechanisms: inhibiting viral replication and decreasing viral entry" 15738: 14449: 14260: 12885:"Assessment of Environmental Contamination and Environmental Decontamination Practices within an Ebola Holding Unit, Freetown, Sierra Leone" 9045: 6999: 6140: 5280: 5114: 3288: 21168: 20354: 20085: 20080: 19758: 18364: 18347: 18154: 15721: 10781: 8676: 8400: 7811: 4779: 3117: 2023: 387: 13672: 13475: 11988:

West, T. Eoin; von Saint André-von Arnim, Amélie (1 November 2014). "Clinical Presentation and Management of Severe Ebola Virus Disease".

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The reported case fatality rate in the three intense-transmission countries among all cases for whom a definitive outcome is known is 71%.

780:, bringing the total to 6. On 20 July, the last patients were discharged, and on 3 September 2015, Liberia was declared Ebola-free again. 466:

had reported an outbreak of Ebola virus disease in four southeastern districts, and that suspected cases in the neighbouring countries of

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WHO Statement on the Meeting of the International Health Regulations Emergency Committee Regarding the 2014 Ebola Outbreak in West Africa

15112: 6794: 3796: 3035: 2302:, and due to retrospective revisions, differences between successive weekly totals are not necessarily the number of new cases that week. 1375:

combat Ebola". On 12 December 2014, USAID announced the result of the first selection in a press release. On 17 December 2014, a team at

16618: 12336: 8824: 5954: 4801: 4309: 3519: 2978: 1664:, had shown high efficacy in individuals, but more conclusive evidence was needed regarding its capacity to protect populations through 23595: 23515: 23505: 19911: 19508: 19274: 18945: 17614: 17364: 11860: 11362: 8846: 7841: 5628: 4967: 1720:

In October 2014, the WHO noted that exponential increase of cases continued in the three countries with the most intense transmission.

950: 744: 651: 478:, Guinea's capital—a city of about two million people. On 28 May, the total number of reported cases had reached 281, with 186 deaths. 15090: 13651:"Democratic Republic of Congo: Ebola Virus Disease - External Situation Report 17: Declaration of End of Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak" 12313: 11558: 935:, the national reference centre for Ebola patients. On 10 June, it was reported that he had recovered and was released from hospital. 23284: 23137: 23125: 22690: 20095: 19298: 17674: 11416: 7080: 6972: 5331: 1314:

There was serious concern that the disease would spread further within Western Africa or elsewhere in the world. On 8 August 2014, a

1020: 900: 334: 207: 17406: 13867: 13698: 12973: 12287: 6388: 6024: 4633: 23075: 21990: 21127: 20930: 20151: 20136: 19748: 19710: 19238: 19146: 19066: 18898: 13815: 12037: 9338: 7719: 6531: 5454: 3585: 2862:—a former adviser to the Liberian Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, described as "one of Liberia's most high-profile doctors". 1445:—a condition in which there is not enough blood for the heart to pump through the body. If a patient is alert and is not vomiting, 1045:

province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), where 13 people were reported to have died of Ebola-like symptoms. Genetic

19214: 17704: 14736: 14657: 11165: 7273: 6366: 6002: 5751: 1578:, an Ebola hotspot on the outskirts of Freetown, Sierra Leone. The centre has a maternity unit for pregnant women with the virus. 23034: 22959: 22240: 20428: 19244: 18808: 17232: 16883:"Serologic Evidence of Ebolavirus Infection in a Population With No History of Outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo" 16848:

Guidelines on Core Components of Infection Prevention and Control Programmes at the National and Acute Health Care Facility Level

14135: 13894: 12999: 10720:"The effect of Ebola Virus Disease outbreak on hand washing among secondary school students in Ondo State Nigeria, October, 2014" 6410: 5556:"Resurgence of Ebola Virus Disease in Guinea Linked to a Survivor With Virus Persistence in Seminal Fluid for More Than 500 Days" 5503:"Resurgence of Ebola Virus Disease in Guinea Linked to a Survivor With Virus Persistence in Seminal Fluid for More Than 500 Days" 4603: 1717:, 1.44 to 2.01) for Guinea, 1.83 (95% CI, 1.72 to 1.94) for Liberia, and 2.02 (95% CI, 1.79 to 2.26) for Sierra Leone. 1278:

An August 2014 study found that nearly two-thirds of Ebola cases in Guinea were believed to be due to burial practices including

12735: 10544: 8942: 7938: 7346: 5070: 22735: 22695: 22404: 20715: 20075: 19208: 18592: 18103: 17669: 11336: 9192:"Proposal for a revised taxonomy of the family Filoviridae: classification, names of taxa and viruses, and virus abbreviations" 7502: 4879: 4145: 1621: 1474: 1397: 1016: 975: 584:. On 19 March, it was also reported by the media that another individual had died due to the virus at the treatment centre in 322: 171: 16513: 12435: 11259: 8754: 3554: 962:, had been evacuated to Spain from Sierra Leone after being infected with the virus. His death was announced on 25 September. 23590: 23580: 23342: 23120: 21471: 20246: 18933: 18838: 18766: 18711: 17561: 17292: 16856: 16685: 15679: 15319: 14072: 12085: 11918: 11680: 11219: 9997: 9626: 8802: 8362: 7472: 1983:(UN) member countries: "Six months into the worst Ebola epidemic in history, the world is losing the battle to contain it." 1950:

deployed 524 medical staff on a rotational basis to combat the outbreak in Liberia, Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Guinea-Bissau.

1177: 22553: 17008:"Rapid response to Ebola outbreaks in remote areas - Liberia, July-November 2014/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" 15382: 15342: 7248: 3849: 675:

On 14 September 2015 Sierra Leone's National Ebola Response Centre confirmed the death of a 16-year-old in a village in the

672:

tested positive for the disease after her death; her case eventually resulted in three other infections among her contacts.

23575: 22981: 22949: 22635: 22399: 21185: 20176: 19941: 19656: 19188: 19132: 18957: 18904: 18430: 18007: 17659: 17609: 12713: 10695:[Ebola in Guinea: the NGO Plan Guinea fears a worsening of the epidemic] (in French). Africa guinée. Archived from 8654: 7185: 6925: 6165: 4923: 1237: 1019:

four evacuees and three were flown to Germany. France, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom

955: 609: 310: 99: 18963: 15488:"Swine Flu: Legal Obligations and Consequences When the WHO Declares a "Public Health Emergency of International Concern"" 11026: 10971: 8872: 8603: 6610: 5684: 4034: 1626:

There is no confirmed medication or treatment for Ebola virus disease. A number of experimental treatments are undergoing

1224:

Difficulties in attempting to halt transmission have also included the multiple disease outbreaks across country borders.

23530: 22372: 22225: 21102: 20964: 20674: 20201: 19651: 19072: 18868: 18862: 18844: 18742: 18662: 18463: 17345:"Fighting Ebola: A Grand Challenge for Development – Platform to collect and distribute ideas to stop the Ebola epidemic" 16568: 15013: 13841: 12492: 10874: 9097: 8474:"La enfermera ingresada en Alcorcón da positivo por ébola – La segunda prueba ha dado positivo y confirma el diagnóstico" 8247: 6881: 4530: 3747: 3330: 3171: 424:

The 2013–2016 outbreak, caused by Ebola virus (EBOV), was the first anywhere in the world to reach epidemic proportions.

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Stanturf, John A.; Goodrick, Scott L.; Warren, Melvin L. Jr.; Charnley, Susan; Stegall, Christie M. (1 September 2015).

12691: 7321: 6487: 3487: 3462: 1323:

Many countries considered imposing travel restrictions to or from the region. On 2 September 2014, WHO Director-General

23585: 23213: 22142: 20632: 20596: 20171: 19870: 19533: 19126: 18886: 18772: 18420: 18144: 17629: 16251: 16226: 16126: 14913: 14526: 12809: 7741: 7043: 6950: 4993: 4681: 2848:—contracted the disease in September 2014, was treated at Emory University from 9 September to 19 October of that year. 2311:

Note 3: Date is the "as of" date from the reference. A single source may report statistics for multiple "as of" dates.

944: 243: 16356: 16204: 16178: 15695: 13409: 12950: 12270: 11532: 7372: 7199: 6509: 6465: 6242: 5166: 5048: 2793:

Note 2:Date is the "as of" date from the reference. A single source may report statistics for multiple "as of" dates.

23294: 23095: 22986: 22906: 22866: 22613: 22387: 22260: 22003: 21732: 21424: 21310: 21056: 20943: 20684: 20497: 20115: 19854: 19309: 19280: 19170: 19114: 19030: 18078: 16152: 14158: 9977: 6268: 5873: 5815: 5729: 5258: 5100: 1855:

Some foreign mining companies withdrew all non-essential personnel, deferred new investment, and cut back operations.

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Kucharski, Adam J.; Eggo, Rosalind M.; Watson, Conall H.; Camacho, Anton; Funk, Sebastian; Edmunds, W. John (2016).

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and one week later the last patients were released. However, a new case emerged on 1 September, when a patient from

23242: 23019: 22292: 22167: 20883: 20789: 20441: 19422: 19226: 19096: 19060: 19048: 18951: 18874: 15267: 14762: 8499: 5357: 5232: 3146: 3091: 1791: 1784: 1384: 15535: 12599: 10972:

How to conduct safe and dignified burial of a patient who has died from suspected or confirmed Ebola virus disease

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Wildlife and Emerging Zoonotic Diseases: The Biology, Circumstances and Consequences of Cross-Species Transmission

7767: 6557: 3823: 3226: 2854:—British nurse and aid worker, infected in 2014, recovered, but subsequently readmitted to hospital several times. 788:

on 1 April, it was reported that a new Ebola fatality had occurred, and on 3 April, a second case was reported in

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region. However, in late August, according to media reports, large numbers of new cases reappeared in the region.

23605: 23550: 23545: 23540: 23535: 23525: 22976: 21742: 21649: 21046: 21009: 20664: 20262: 20065: 19844: 19666: 19292: 19286: 19256: 19176: 19078: 19018: 18981: 18969: 18880: 18705: 18491: 17644: 17604: 17344: 16432: 15460: 12669: 8097: 7424: 5607:

Liberia and Guinea discharge final Ebola patients in latest flare-up and begin 42 days of heightened surveillance

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Minor Ebola virus outbreaks by country and by date – 30 July 2014 to most recent WHO / Gov update 30 August 2015

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aiming to stop ongoing Ebola transmission worldwide within 6–9 months, and formally designated the outbreak as a

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On 17 March 2016, the government of Guinea reported that two people had again tested positive for Ebola virus in

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Removed: Ebola in Sierra Leone – Watch – Level 1, Practice Usual Precautions – Travel Health Notices – Travelers

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experimental vaccination, being close contacts. On 21 October, it was reported that she had been diagnosed with

23259: 23157: 23147: 23024: 22741: 22137: 21943: 21824: 21737: 21484: 20539: 20146: 19931: 19804: 19661: 19550: 19501: 19404: 19392: 19386: 19374: 19368: 19362: 19250: 19194: 19164: 19152: 17639: 16540: 14815: 13636: 11602: 8121:"Ebola in the UK: Infected nurse Pauline Cafferkey treated with survivors' blood plasma and experimental drugs" 7789: 4823: 1813:

Another study showed that the economic effect of the Ebola outbreak would be felt for years due to preexisting

827: 528: 314: 302: 135: 117: 20549: 20529: 20514: 17219: 15791: 15067: 11580: 11486: 11484: 10352: 6190: 1970:

The WHO has been widely criticised for its delay in taking action to address the epidemic. By September 2014,

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and was discharged from the hospital on 28 November. On 29 December 2015, the WHO declared Guinea Ebola-free.

23279: 23152: 23029: 22719: 22578: 22558: 22507: 22345: 22255: 22235: 22157: 22152: 21144: 21066: 20586: 19819: 19623: 19120: 19036: 18638: 17051:"Ebola Virus Epidemiology, Transmission, and Evolution during Seven Months in Sierra Leone(Free edition PMC)" 14635: 13361:"Emergency Postexposure Vaccination With Vesicular Stomatitis Virus–Vectored Ebola Vaccine After Needlestick" 11703: 10279: 9470:"Determination of the Spontaneous Mutation Frequency of Ebola virus and Exploitation of this Therapeutically" 8728: 8067: 1993: 1975: 1971: 882:

who had fallen ill on 17 October in Guinea and was transferred to the Pasteur Clinic in Mali's capital city,

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The first case in Nigeria was a Liberian-American, who flew from Liberia to Nigeria's most populated city of

737: 21595: 21590: 21570: 17436: 16830: 16277: 15865: 13562: 12510: 10155: 7964:"Mali: Situation de la lutte contre la maladie à virus Ebola au Mali à la date du mercredi 19 novembre 2014" 6632: 6308: 5658: 1512:

ophthalmologists in Western Africa, and only they have the skills and equipment to diagnose conditions like

1042: 23352: 23314: 23264: 23223: 23105: 23044: 22996: 22964: 22954: 22944: 22899: 22640: 22603: 22567: 22382: 22367: 22350: 22323: 22127: 21983: 21639: 21345: 21315: 21122: 21014: 20923: 20738: 20679: 20591: 20524: 20339: 20267: 19958: 19839: 19090: 18910: 18796: 18790: 18699: 17664: 14560: 11481: 10050: 7583: 6743: 5898: 3985:

Becker, Stephan; Matrosovich, Mikhail; Krähling, Verena; Schudt, Gordian; Dietzel, Erik (15 January 2017).

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event in Meliandou, Guinea, it is suspected that the index case occurred after a child had contact with an

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The outbreak left about 17,000 survivors of the disease, many of whom report post-recovery symptoms termed

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Griensven, Johan van; Günther, Stephan; Clerck, Hilde de; McElroy, Anita K.; Malvy, Denis (2 March 2019).

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suggested that the economic impact of the Ebola outbreak could kill more people than the disease itself.

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Public health recommendations for returning workers who are asymptomatic contacts of Ebola virus disease

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Note 1: Cases include confirmed, probable and suspected per the WHO, numbers are the cumulative figures

23429: 23269: 23132: 23100: 22820: 22484: 22270: 21778: 21644: 21515: 21330: 21249: 20994: 20984: 20762: 20669: 20576: 20344: 19906: 19880: 19849: 19054: 18723: 18693: 17928: 16492:"Dr Ameyo Adadevoh dies from Ebola virus infection YNaija l The Internet Newspaper for Young Nigerians" 16100: 9560:"Filovirus receptor NPC1 contributes to species-specific patterns of ebolavirus susceptibility in bats" 7993: 7916: 7421:

Statement on the 8th meeting of the IHR Emergency Committee regarding the Ebola outbreak in West Africa

5188: 4171: 3411:. Writing and additional reporting by David Lewis; editing by Grant McCool and G Crosse. Archived from 1897: 481:

In Liberia, the disease was reported in four counties by mid-April 2014 and cases in Liberia's capital

20857: 16101:"Latest Ebola outbreak over in Liberia; West Africa is at zero, but new flare-ups are likely to occur" 11166:

Knowledge is already the world's 'Dr Google' - it's time for doctors and researchers to make it better

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from Ebola survivors, but a later study found that the treatment did not provide significant benefit.

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Virological analysis: no link between Ebola outbreaks in west Africa and Democratic Republic of Congo

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Statement on the 1st meeting of the IHR Emergency Committee on the 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa

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Major Ebola virus outbreaks by country and by date – to most recent WHO / Gov update- 14 January 2016

1696: 1486: 349: 15487: 10122: 7531: 6309:

Latest Ebola outbreak over in Liberia; West Africa is at zero, but new flare-ups are likely to occur

4751:"West Africa declared free of Ebola transmission, but UN health agency warns new flare-ups possible" 3660: 1183: 736:

announced that Liberia would close its borders, with the exception of a few crossing points such as

23615: 23600: 23319: 23309: 23254: 23063: 23049: 22428: 22189: 22177: 22132: 21802: 21727: 21617: 21180: 21154: 21149: 20989: 20601: 20581: 20186: 20161: 19784: 19446: 19428: 14886: 3663:"Estimating the future number of cases in the Ebola epidemic – Liberia and Sierra Leone, 2014–2015" 1446: 1376: 664: 17778: 15742: 13944:"Estimating the Reproduction Number of Ebola Virus (EBOV) During the 2014 Outbreak in West Africa" 12062: 10326: 9049: 8387: 5284: 5118: 1059: 702:

to be active at that time. By 15 July the country had discontinued testing corpses for the virus.

569: 23570: 23565: 23560: 23555: 23396: 23334: 23218: 23188: 23171: 23080: 22931: 22840: 22785: 22680: 22665: 22593: 22563: 22502: 22464: 22355: 22335: 22318: 22184: 22162: 21976: 21917: 21717: 21565: 21530: 21368: 21300: 21226: 21163: 21132: 21107: 20916: 20292: 19545: 19452: 19356: 19350: 18717: 18650: 18632: 18456: 17591: 12518: 11410:"Ebola virus disease (EVD): Advice for returning travellers from countries/areas affected by EVD" 11052:

Mosoka P. Fallah; Laura A. Skrip; Shai Gertler; Dan Yamin; Alison P. Galvani (31 December 2015).

9717:

D'Odorico, Paolo; Hayman, David T. S.; Santini, Monia; Rulli, Maria Cristina (14 February 2017).

8898: 8580: 7815: 5606: 5476: 5207: 4729:"UN declares end to Ebola virus transmission in Guinea; first time all three host countries free" 3326:"Ebola virus disease in West Africa – the first 9 months of the epidemic and forward projections" 2833: 1601: 1360: 1248: 294: 14184: 13676: 11758: 11337:

Interim U.S. Guidance for Monitoring and Movement of Persons with Potential Ebola Virus Exposure

11314: 10575: 9239:

Schoepp, Randal J.; Rossi, Cynthia A.; Khan, Sheik H.; Goba, Augustine; Fair, Joseph N. (2014).

3987:"Functional Characterization of Adaptive Mutations during the West African Ebola Virus Outbreak" 2973: 23357: 23289: 23208: 22971: 22628: 22459: 22454: 22360: 21814: 21747: 21659: 21629: 21221: 21175: 21137: 20837: 20779: 20743: 20652: 20467: 20457: 20414: 20272: 19794: 19398: 19344: 19158: 18749: 18735: 18552: 17950: 16433:"2014 Ebola Outbreak in West Africa – Outbreak Distribution Map| Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever | CDC" 15408: 15120: 13479: 13025: 12622:

Guidance for Safe Handling of Human Remains of Ebola Patients in U. S. Hospitals and Mortuaries

9443: 5752:"Ebola crisis: Sierra Leone hit by largely hidden outbreak; WHO says scores of bodies piled up" 3800: 3039: 13871: 12761: 12151: 11908: 11287: 11285: 9134:"Genomic surveillance elucidates Ebola virus origin and transmission during the 2014 outbreak" 6137:"Sierra Leone officials confirm 3 new cases of Ebola among high risk contacts with fatal case" 3381: 1350: 23455: 23405: 23377: 23372: 23367: 23324: 23039: 22775: 22583: 22548: 22469: 22377: 21290: 20999: 20827: 20710: 20657: 20393: 20277: 20234: 20156: 20019: 19779: 19586: 19380: 19338: 18916: 18257: 17738: 17719: 14096:"Early Transmission Dynamics of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD), West Africa, March to August 2014" 14011:

Hunt, Allen G. (11 October 2014). "Exponential growth in Ebola outbreak since May 14, 2014".

11146: 10761: 9020:

Ebola virus disease – Democratic Republic of Congo E-mail Print Epidemiology and surveillance

3661:

Meltzer, Martin I.; Atkins, Charisma Y.; Santibanez, Scott; et al. (26 September 2014).

3526: 2965: 733: 18426: 15995: 10598:

Sanchez-Lockhart, Mariano; Bolay, Fatorma K; Kugelman, Jeffrey R; Palacios, Gustavo (2015).

4971: 3662: 23362: 23200: 23193: 22939: 22650: 22608: 22517: 22497: 22416: 22340: 22203: 21887: 21849: 21819: 21705: 21690: 21585: 21457: 21340: 21325: 21305: 21259: 21190: 21112: 21024: 19948: 19715: 18987: 18784: 18729: 18644: 18181: 17547: 16784: 16715: 15068:"Ghana, Business Advice, Jobs, News, Business Directory, Real Estate, Finance, Forms, Auto" 14394: 14020: 13965: 13738: 12896: 11282: 10475: 10419: 9851: 9799: 9730: 9396: 9301: 9145: 6976: 3938: 1876: 1814: 1583: 932: 761: 623: 19814: 15780: 13185:"Ebola virus: Clinical trials of three new treatments for disease to start in West Africa" 12977: 7528:

Emergency response to Ebola flare underway in Liberia. Case investigation widens to Guinea

5872:(Report). Sierra Leone Ministry of Health and Sanitation. 18 December 2014. Archived from 5814:(Report). Sierra Leone Ministry of Health and Sanitation. 15 December 2014. Archived from 8: 23410: 23347: 23115: 22825: 22805: 22675: 22655: 22543: 22306: 22287: 21773: 21710: 21393: 21335: 21285: 21090: 21076: 20799: 20784: 20748: 20642: 20559: 20534: 20502: 20287: 19896: 19580: 19220: 18850: 18615: 18568: 18562: 18098: 17824: 17709: 17118: 17101: 14176: 14112: 14095: 13702: 13476:"Vesicular Stomatitis Virus–Based Ebola Vaccines With Improved Cross-Protective Efficacy" 13047: 11939:

Schieffelin, John S; Shaffer, Jeffrey G; Goba, Augustine; et al. (29 October 2014).

10464:"Optofluidic analysis system for amplification-free, direct detection of Ebola infection" 8269: 1893: 1757: 1714: 1575: 1454: 1275:

in Guinea, suspicious inhabitants wielding machetes murdered at least eight aid workers.

749: 365: 286: 20822: 17784: 17209: 16788: 16754: 16719: 16703: 14398: 14311: 14024: 13969: 13819: 13742: 12900: 10479: 10423: 9803: 9734: 9419: 9400: 9384: 9305: 9149: 6742:(Report). Liberia Ministry of Health and Social Welfare. 24 October 2014. Archived from 3589: 1208:

is an essential method of preventing the spread of the disease. This requires effective

22859: 22835: 22767: 22685: 22660: 22512: 22442: 22330: 22172: 22077: 22011: 21417: 21355: 21254: 21209: 21117: 20951: 20852: 20804: 20774: 20620: 20606: 20482: 19789: 19597: 19201: 19108: 18856: 18687: 18656: 18449: 17970: 17910: 17177: 17144: 17083: 17050: 17032: 17007: 16989: 16956: 16915: 16882: 16813: 16772: 16702:

Carroll, Miles W.; Matthews, David A.; Hiscox, Julian A.; et al. (6 August 2015).

16082: 15972: 15945: 14740: 14661: 14425: 14382: 14355: 14330: 14215: 13988: 13955: 13943: 13792: 13769: 13726: 13540: 13452: 13427: 13385: 13360: 13316: 13291: 13267: 13234: 13146: 13119: 13095: 13070: 12927: 12884: 12444:"As Ebola outbreak surges, health officials slam international 'Coalition of Inaction'" 11965: 11832: 11807: 11728: 11268:"As Ebola Outbreak Surges, Health Officials Slam International 'Coalition of Inaction'" 11129: 11104: 11080: 11053: 10953: 10901:"At least 8 Ebola aid workers reportedly killed 'in cold blood' by villagers in Guinea" 10744: 10719: 10647: 10624: 10599: 10496: 10463: 10253: 10228: 10204: 10179: 10099: 10074: 10028: 9953: 9928: 9904: 9879: 9828: 9787: 9759: 9718: 9687: 9662: 9637: 9586: 9559: 9494: 9469: 9265: 9240: 9216: 9191: 9166: 9133: 8423:"Ebola Outbreak: Spanish Missionary Manuel Garcia Viejo Dies of Deadly Virus in Madrid" 8199: 7894: 5580: 5555: 5527: 5502: 5427: 5402: 5115:

Criteria for declaring the end of the Ebola outbreak in Guinea, Liberia or Sierra Leone

4287: 4226:"2014-2016 Ebola Outbreak in West Africa | History | Ebola (Ebola Virus Disease) | CDC" 4011: 3986: 3352: 3325: 2823: 1997: 1689: 1631: 1470: 1442: 1004: 981: 683: 369: 345: 20487: 17240: 16061: 16044: 15962: 15360: 15242: 13518: 12859:"New effort to fight Ebola in Liberia would move infected patients out of their homes" 12739: 12288:"Ebola outbreak: Doctors warn of 'post-Ebola syndrome' among survivors in West Africa" 12247: 12230: 11940: 11704:"Personal Protective Equipment: Protecting Health Care Providers in an Ebola Outbreak" 11466: 11120: 10735: 10304: 10075:"Ebola RNA Persistence in Semen of Ebola Virus Disease Survivors — Preliminary Report" 9984:. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Vol. 411. Springer. p. 79. 9535: 9518: 7881: 7864: 7182:

Ebola transmission in Liberia over: Nation enters 90-day intensive surveillance period

6097: 5306: 4945: 4728: 3895: 3878: 1306: 622:

The first person reported infected in Sierra Leone, according to media reports, was a

22829: 22800: 22780: 22731: 22645: 22598: 22479: 21897: 21844: 21829: 21788: 21695: 21605: 21545: 21505: 21363: 21320: 21244: 20876: 20832: 20814: 20698: 20637: 20477: 20449: 20364: 20191: 20039: 19984: 19743: 19458: 18939: 18604: 18541: 18294: 17990: 17965: 17679: 17182: 17164: 17131: 17123: 17088: 17070: 17037: 17019: 16994: 16976: 16920: 16902: 16862: 16852: 16818: 16759: 16741: 16681: 16074: 16066: 15977: 15841:"Oxfam calls for troops in Africa as criticism of 'inadequate' Ebola response mounts" 15675: 14430: 14412: 14360: 14207: 14117: 13993: 13774: 13756: 13532: 13457: 13390: 13321: 13272: 13254: 13151: 13100: 12932: 12914: 12252: 12133: 12013: 12005: 11970: 11914: 11837: 11784: 11733: 11134: 11085: 10957: 10945: 10749: 10629: 10501: 10437: 10258: 10209: 10104: 10003: 9993: 9958: 9909: 9833: 9815: 9764: 9746: 9692: 9642: 9622: 9591: 9540: 9499: 9424: 9319: 9270: 9221: 9171: 8311:"Ebola nurse Pauline Cafferkey flying back to Royal Free Hospital amid ongoing tests" 7886: 6073: 5585: 5532: 5432: 5019: 4279: 4256:

Baize, Sylvain; Pannetier, Delphine; Oestereich, Lisa; Rieger, Toni (16 April 2014).

4016: 3900: 3674: 3357: 3007: 2851: 1921: 1419: 1252: 906: 656: 614: 16881:

Mulangu, Sabue; Alfonso, Vivian H.; Hoff, Nicole A.; et al. (10 January 2018).

16704:"Temporal and spatial analysis of the 2014-2015 Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa" 16086: 14288:(Press release). United Nations Development Programme. 12 March 2015. Archived from 14219: 13637:"Final trial results confirm Ebola vaccine provides high protection against disease" 13544: 11882: 11719: 11171:. Conversation Global Editorial Group. 18 October 2016. Downloaded 22 October 2017. 9719:"The nexus between forest fragmentation in Africa and Ebola virus disease outbreaks" 7898: 6098:

Sierra Leone begins 42-day countdown to be declared free of Ebola virus transmission

4291: 3558: 3435:"Una enfermera que atendió al misionero fallecido García Viejo, contagiada de ébola" 2956: 2008:

the Medical Superintendent at Lumley Government Hospital in Freetown, Sierra Leone.

22875: 22815: 22810: 22790: 22705: 22700: 22588: 22147: 22104: 22042: 21912: 21854: 21722: 21678: 21664: 21634: 21550: 21433: 21388: 21383: 21373: 21295: 20794: 20720: 20472: 20196: 19994: 19528: 19517: 19440: 18574: 18529: 18480: 18050: 17792: 17764: 17744: 17654: 17172: 17156: 17113: 17078: 17062: 17027: 16984: 16968: 16910: 16894: 16808: 16800: 16792: 16749: 16733: 16723: 16056: 15967: 15957: 14420: 14402: 14350: 14342: 14199: 14107: 14028: 13983: 13973: 13764: 13746: 13522: 13514: 13447: 13439: 13380: 13372: 13311: 13303: 13262: 13246: 13211:"Genetic mutations in deadly Ebola virus appear to block antibody-based treatments" 13141: 13131: 13090: 13082: 12922: 12904: 12242: 12123: 12001: 11997: 11960: 11952: 11827: 11819: 11723: 11715: 11124: 11116: 11075: 11065: 11051: 10935: 10739: 10731: 10619: 10611: 10491: 10483: 10427: 10248: 10240: 10199: 10191: 10094: 10086: 9985: 9948: 9940: 9899: 9891: 9823: 9807: 9754: 9738: 9682: 9674: 9632: 9614: 9581: 9571: 9530: 9489: 9481: 9414: 9404: 9309: 9260: 9252: 9211: 9203: 9161: 9153: 8293:"Ebola nurse Pauline Cafferkey released from London hospital after 'full recovery'" 8041: 7913:

Mali case, Ebola imported from Guinea Ebola situation assessment – 10 November 2014

7876: 6658: 6579: 5575: 5567: 5522: 5514: 5422: 5414: 4655: 4472: 4446: 4335: 4269: 4006: 3998: 3890: 3439: 3347: 3339: 3015: 2997: 1988: 1669: 1500:

affecting the shoulders. The WHO guidelines advise to distinguish non-inflammatory

1279: 676: 589: 17296: 15589: 14962:"West Africa Ebola outbreak forces miners to lock down operations, delay projects" 12128: 12111: 9613:. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Vol. 315. pp. 363–387. 9385:"Distinct lineages of Ebola virus in Guinea during the 2014 West African epidemic" 8172: 7480: 7146: 6770:"Ebola Slowing in Liberia, WHO Says, but International Support Is Still Necessary" 3065: 1838:, or fear of human contact, which led to loss of income for producers and traders. 23467: 22795: 22392: 22215: 22067: 22037: 21936: 21874: 21859: 21783: 21761: 21654: 21623: 21560: 21492: 21378: 21236: 20892: 20847: 20239: 20024: 19999: 19989: 19540: 19024: 18580: 18535: 18508: 18030: 18022: 17985: 17980: 16545: 15509: 15219: 14683: 14501: 14407: 13751: 13307: 12909: 12420: 12395: 11070: 10545:"Doctors Without Borders: West Africa's Ebola Outbreak is Totally Out of Control" 9618: 9314: 9289: 8448: 7782: 7225: 6903: 6688: 6290: 5840: 4897: 4852: 2837: 2811: 1797: 1205: 757: 691: 669: 425: 20378: 17405:. Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières. 25 July 2014. Archived from 16932: 16846: 16593: 13071:"Emerging targets and novel approaches to Ebola virus prophylaxis and treatment" 11808:"Emerging targets and novel approaches to Ebola virus prophylaxis and treatment" 11701: 10244: 10180:"Ebola RNA Persistence in Semen of Ebola Virus Disease Survivors — Final Report" 9788:"Recent loss of closed forests is associated with Ebola virus disease outbreaks" 8825:"Ebola: l'agent de l'Unicef soigné à l'hôpital Bégin a quitté la France "guéri"" 8336: 8221: 6904:"allAfrica.com: Liberia: MSF Hands Over ELWA – 3 to Liberian Ministry of Health" 1612: 23520: 23479: 22880: 22489: 22062: 22052: 21882: 21834: 21540: 21520: 21438: 20842: 20462: 20349: 20323: 20166: 20044: 20034: 20014: 19809: 18516: 18040: 17995: 17955: 17684: 17066: 17006:

Kateh, Francis; Nagbe, Thomas; Kieta, Abraham; et al. (27 February 2015).

16972: 15663: 11030: 10615: 10379: 9811: 7632:

WHO declares the end of the most recent Ebola virus disease outbreak in Liberia

7447: 5403:"Effectiveness of Ring Vaccination as Control Strategy for Ebola Virus Disease" 2943:

29 December: All governments as per WHO. United Kingdom case dated 29 December.

2888: 2817: 2805: 1980: 1627: 1542: 1264: 1015:, no secondary infections occurred as a result of the medical evacuations. The 1008: 432: 392: 298: 17160: 15739:

WHO Director-General addresses high-level conference on global health security

13845: 13086: 12566:"Baby and maternal deaths soar in Sierra Leone amid Ebola fears – researchers" 11823: 9361:"Scientists Release Ebola Sequencing Data to Global Research Community Online" 9207: 8526:

CDC and Texas Health Department Confirm First Ebola Case Diagnosed in the U.S.

980:

On 30 September 2014, the CDC declared its first case of Ebola virus disease.

23489: 23443: 22109: 22072: 21952: 21907: 21902: 21864: 21525: 20897: 20725: 20492: 20029: 19434: 18586: 18187: 17975: 17933: 17905: 17882: 17819: 17168: 17127: 17074: 17023: 16980: 16906: 16831:"CDC Press Releases Detailed History of the 2014–2016 Ebola Response in MMWR" 16745: 16070: 16017: 14785: 14416: 14346: 13760: 13443: 13258: 12918: 12009: 11195:"Using a Tactic Unseen in a Century, Countries Cordon Off Ebola-Racked Areas" 10227:

Broutet, Nathalie; Lofthouse, Clare; Formenty, Pierre; Thorson, Anna (2016).

9875: 9819: 9750: 9468:

Alfson, K. J.; Worwa, G.; Carrion, R. Jr.; Griffiths, A. (16 December 2015).

9129: 5281:

Hundreds of contacts identified and monitored in new Ebola flare-up in Guinea

5023: 4364: 4362: 4360: 4358: 4356: 3011: 2896: 2829: 1940: 1864: 1768: 1665: 1643: 1596: 1497: 1401: 1324: 1152: 1026: 647: 556: 431:

It is generally believed that a one or two-year-old boy, later identified as

16898: 11583:. The White House – Office of Science and Technology Policy. 29 October 2014 9678: 9157: 6323:"Sierra Leone puts more than 100 people in quarantine after new Ebola death" 4258:"Emergence of Zaire Ebola Virus Disease in Guinea – Preliminary Report" 4169: 3002: 2985: 1050:

outbreak over on 21 November 2014, after a total of 66 cases and 49 deaths.

518:

Outbreak distribution map affected part of Western Africa (17 December 2014)

22922: 22047: 21892: 21555: 21500: 20383: 20318: 20308: 20219: 20120: 20009: 19875: 19575: 18331: 18315: 18299: 18237: 18123: 18016: 17960: 17752: 17514: 17367:. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). 27 August 2010 17186: 17135: 17092: 17041: 16998: 16924: 16866: 16822: 16763: 16569:"With Ian Crozier's reveal, here are the 10 Ebola patients treated in U.S." 16078: 15981: 14434: 14364: 14312:"IMF says Ebola impacted West African nations may need economic assistance" 14211: 14121: 13997: 13778: 13536: 13502: 13461: 13394: 13376: 13325: 13276: 13169: 13155: 13104: 12936: 12256: 12137: 12017: 11974: 11841: 11737: 11506: 11138: 11089: 10949: 10753: 10633: 10505: 10441: 10262: 10213: 10108: 10007: 9962: 9913: 9837: 9768: 9696: 9646: 9595: 9544: 9503: 9428: 9323: 9274: 9256: 9225: 9175: 8990: 8964: 7890: 5589: 5536: 5436: 5418: 4283: 4020: 3904: 3678: 3361: 1868: 1557:

Ebola treatment centre built by the UK in Kerry Town, Sierra Leone, in 2014

1364: 1256: 1244: 729: 573: 471: 17049:

Park, Daniel J.; Dudas, Gytis; Wohl, Shirlee; et al. (18 June 2015).

15220:"Liberia: Rebuilding Ebola-Hit Economy – Focus of World Bank Spring Event" 13250: 12644:"В Гвинее открылся построенный РУСАЛом медцентр по борьбе с вирусом Эбола" 11956: 10195: 10090: 9895: 6822:""A True Patriot," Nurse Roselyn Ballah, Gets Nightingale Award Presented" 4353: 4274: 4257: 3405:"UPDATE 1—Mali confirms new case of Ebola, locks down Bamako clinic" 3343: 3019: 22280: 22275: 22265: 22250: 21957: 21510: 19979: 19824: 19410: 18598: 18210: 18108: 17872: 17829: 17814: 17770: 17571: 16677: 15941: 14935: 14203: 13612:"Vaccines alliance signs $ 5 million advance deal for Merck's Ebola shot" 12643: 12519:"West African health centers can't keep up with Ebola outbreak, WHO says" 11904: 11442: 10940: 10923: 10693:"Ebola en Guinée: l'ONG Plan Guinée craint une aggravation de l'épidemie" 9944: 9927:

Broadhurst, M. Jana; Brooks, Tim J. G.; Pollock, Nira R. (October 2016).

9485: 8704:"Craig Spencer, New York Doctor With Ebola, Will Leave Bellevue Hospital" 8270:"U.K. Ebola nurse has meningitis caused by persisting Ebola, doctors say" 8146: 8016:"Update 2 – Doctor who treated source of second Mali Ebola outbreak dies" 6047:"More Ebola in Guinea, Sierra Leone last week, no Liberia cases says WHO" 5571: 5518: 4002: 3748:

WHO Director-General briefs media on outcome of Ebola Emergency Committee

2845: 1936: 1888: 1466: 1458: 1438: 1083: 1063: 777: 725: 564: 487: 290: 22891: 17329:"Platform to share communication materials regarding the Ebola epidemic" 17328: 16804: 16796: 16737: 16728: 15996:"Ebola crisis: WHO slammed by Harvard-convened panel over slow response" 15316:"Ebola-Hit Countries Get Pledges of $ 3.4 Billion to Rebuild - ABC News" 13527: 13231: 12421:"Liberia: Unheralded Fear – Ebola Pose Risks for Liberia Health Workers" 11702:

William A. Fischer II; David J. Weber; David A. Wohl (1 November 2015).

11222:. UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. 9 October 2014 9576: 9409: 6711:"Runaway Doctors and Missing Supplies Cripple Care in Ebola-Hit Liberia" 4060:"Runaway doctors and missing supplies cripple care in Ebola-hit Liberia" 3656: 3654: 3652: 2972:). The updated content was reintegrated into the Knowledge page under a 1068: 853: 22057: 20509: 20049: 18975: 18823: 18277: 18192: 18059: 17943: 17887: 17854: 17581: 16955:

Dickson, S. J.; Clay, K. A.; Adam, M.; et al. (14 December 2017).

16541:"Liberian Ebola Fighter, a TIME Person of the Year, Dies in Childbirth" 14983: 14032: 10875:"Red Cross suspends Ebola operations in southeast Guinea after threats" 9989: 8337:"Ebola nurse Pauline Cafferkey 'stable' after night in London hospital" 8094:"Africa – Mali nears Ebola-free status as last patient leaves hospital" 7165:"Liberia: Ebola Patients Discharged, Last of the Country's Latest Wave" 7103:"Liberia: Dog Suspected in New Ebola Case Tests Negative for the Virus" 4170:

Kevin Sack; Sheri Fink; Pam Belluck; Adam Nossiter (29 December 2014).

3396: 2018:

West African Ebola virus epidemic timeline of reported cases and deaths

1806: 1661: 1501: 1427: 1260: 1225: 1127: 1078: 1046: 915: 716: 440: 18471: 17348: 17100:

Walker, N. F.; Brown, C. S.; Youkee, D.; et al. (26 March 2015).

12692:"Sierra Leone: MSF opens maternity unit for pregnant women with Ebola" 11941:"Clinical Illness and Outcomes in Patients with Ebola in Sierra Leone" 10487: 10461: 9742: 9663:"Investigating the zoonotic origin of the West African Ebola epidemic" 9072:

WHO declares end of Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo

7274:"Liberian health officials move to control Ebola outbreak in Monrovia" 7226:"Liberia: Fears of Deadly Ebola Virus Reportedly Resurface in Liberia" 6217:"Anticipation Grows as Sierra Leone Readies to be Declared Ebola-free" 6191:"Hundreds quarantined as Ebola returns to north Sierra Leone district" 22114: 20004: 19974: 19953: 17864: 14136:"Virologist: Fight against Ebola in Sierra Leone and Liberia is lost" 13235:"Evaluation of Convalescent Plasma for Ebola Virus Disease in Guinea" 13136: 12832:"Are Hospitals Part of the Ebola Problem? Charity Wants New Strategy" 11603:"Obama Tries A 'Throw Everything Against The Wall' Approach To Ebola" 9980:. In Mühlberger, Elke; Hensley, Lisa L.; Towner, Jonathan S. (eds.). 9880:"Transmission of Ebola viruses: what we know and what we do not know" 7192: 6852:"Ebola outbreak eases as world's largest treatment centre dismantled" 6633:"Liberia shuts schools, quarantines communities in bid to halt Ebola" 6341:

Government Press Statement: Confirmation of EVD Death in Sierra Leone

3649: 1767:

Projections of future cases should also reflect the possibility that

1682: 1505: 1431: 1415: 799: 695: 585: 581: 547: 509: 458:

Monthly aggregate Ebola deaths in the Western Africa epidemic 2014–15

436: 15143:"IMF increases support to Liberian economy following Ebola outbreak" 13586:"New Ebola Vaccine Has '100 Percent' Effectiveness In Early Results" 12974:

WHO Director-General briefs Geneva UN missions on the Ebola outbreak

10432: 10051:

Interim advice on the sexual transmission of the Ebola virus disease

9978:"West Africa 2013 Ebola: From Virus Outbreak to Humanitarian Crisis" 6115:"New Ebola death in Sierra Leone sets back efforts to beat epidemic" 4780:"Ebola virus is surging in places where it was beaten back: experts" 3770:

Interim advice on the sexual transmission of the Ebola virus disease

1494:

Clinical Care for survivors of Ebola Virus Disease: interim guidance

450:

Monthly aggregate Ebola cases in the Western Africa epidemic 2014–15

21968: 21575: 20908: 19486: 19330: 18476: 18472: 17295:. Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). Archived from 16771:

Ruibal, Paula; Oestereich, Lisa; Lüdtke, Anja; et al. (2016).

16456:"Ebola: Lagos hospital which treated Patrick Sawyer to receive N4m" 16278:"Official WHO Ebola toll near 5,000 with true number nearer 15,000" 15559: 15557: 13468: 12314:"Thousands of Ebola survivors face severe pain, possible blindness" 11655:"United States Announces Results of Grand Challenge to Fight Ebola" 10924:"Ebola Virus Disease in West Africa – No Early End to the Outbreak" 7473:"Liberia records new Ebola death, months after end of its outbreak" 1450: 1437:

Without fluid replacement, such an extreme loss of fluids leads to

1363:

via the proper use of boots, gowns, gloves, masks and goggles, and

1188: 1135: 1131: 1037:

In August 2014, the WHO reported an outbreak of Ebola virus in the

928: 789: 773: 491: 482: 358: 282: 20406: 16770: 15409:"Update 1 – Liberia to slash spending 11 pct amid mining slowdown" 14865:"Kenya Tourism Board releases Sh140 million for tourism campaigns" 14606:"How West Africa is ramping up food security after Ebola outbreak" 13960: 13341:"Ebola Drug Works Against West African Strain in Study of Monkeys" 11181:

Knowledge Emerges as Trusted Internet Source for Ebola Information

10849:"Patients reported missing after Ebola clinic attacked in Liberia" 10341: 7580:

Liberia and Guinea step up coordination to stem new cases of Ebola

6510:"Sierra Leone Ebola flare-up over, virus no longer spreading: WHO" 5803: 5801: 5799: 2791:

Note 1:This table contains countries that had limited local cases.

22092: 21999: 20939: 18262: 18220: 18215: 18068: 17844: 17839: 17834: 17276: 16374: 16282: 15291:"Ebola-stricken nations need $ 700 million to rebuild healthcare" 15113:"IMF hopes for deal soon on debt forgiveness for Ebola countries" 14286:"West African economies feeling ripple effects of Ebola, says UN" 11359:"MSF Protocols for Staff Returning from Ebola-Affected Countries" 9383:

Jean-Claude; Holmes, Edward C.; Sall, Amadou A. (6 August 2015).

7680: 7678: 7676: 7659:"Ebola Death Toll in Guinea Rises to 70 as Senegal Closes Border" 5779:"Endless Ebola Epidemic? That's The 'Risk We Face Now,' CDC Says" 5451:"Ebola claims another victim in Guinea as vaccinations ramped up" 4682:"Liberian official urges calm as three new Ebola cases confirmed" 1649: 1513: 1423: 910: 810: 539: 475: 467: 330: 225: 21449: 16773:"Unique human immune signature of Ebola virus disease in Guinea" 15892:"Plan to reform WHO after Ebola to be unveiled by Angela Merkel" 15668:

China's Relations with Africa: a New Era of Strategic Engagement

15554: 15198:"New World Bank Group Study Forecasts Billions in Economic Loss" 12337:"After Nearly Claiming His Life, Ebola Lurked in a Doctor's Eye" 7768:"Ebola Outbreak: Nurse who Treated First Victim in Nigeria Dies" 5925:"Sierra Leone predicts no new Ebola cases by March end (+video)" 5629:"Sierra Leone 'hero' doctor's death exposes slow Ebola response" 5380:"Hundreds in Guinea get Ebola vaccine in fight against flare-up" 4392:

Ebola virus disease, West Africa (Situation as of 16 April 2014)

663:

According to the 21 January 2015 WHO Situation Report, the case

22082: 21535: 20437: 19720: 17859: 15243:"'We Are Not Prepared For Another Epidemic': World Bank Survey" 14383:"Social Vulnerability and Ebola Virus Disease in Rural Liberia" 13289: 11102: 11027:"Hygiene practices have helped keep Ebola out of the classroom" 10226: 10021: 9716: 7393: 7019:"Ebola Returns To Liberia With A Mysterious Case Near Monrovia" 6729: 5859: 5796: 4802:"In Guinea, Ebola Infections Double as Hidden Cases Discovered" 3984: 3384:(Press release). World Health Organization, Africa. 1 June 2016 2826:—first Ebola patient diagnosed in U.S.; died on 8 October 2014. 2820:—curbed spread of the virus in Nigeria; died on 19 August 2014. 1571: 1567: 1562:

January 2015, a new treatment and research centre was built by

1290: 1087: 1038: 985: 959: 883: 687: 632: 454: 23511:

Knowledge articles published in peer-reviewed literature (W2J)

20398: 17539: 17312: 14380: 13500: 12714:"Ebola: MSF opens new treatment centre in Kissy, Sierra Leone" 12668:. Russia Beyond The Headlines. 17 January 2015. Archived from 12204:"An emergency within an emergency: caring for Ebola survivors" 12086:"The Deadliness of the 2014 Ebola Outbreak Was Not Inevitable" 10375:

Fact sheet: U.S. Response to the Ebola Epidemic in West Africa

8550:"First Ebola victim in America was sent home with antibiotics" 8363:"Nurse in Italy tests positive for Ebola; was in Sierra Leone" 7673: 4255: 3455: 3066:"WHO declares Liberia free of active Ebola virus transmission" 1962: 1920:. This is a legal designation used only twice before (for the 446: 22087: 19936: 19901: 19834: 17877: 17849: 17448: 16673:

Fevers, Feuds, and Diamonds: Ebola and the Ravages of History

16382:"WHO: Ebola Response Roadmap Situation Report 1 October 2014" 15766:"Emails: UN health agency resisted declaring Ebola emergency" 15167:"World Bank rings alarm over £20bn worst-case Ebola scenario" 14603: 13723: 11987: 11183:

By Noam Cohen. 26 October 2014. Downloaded 22 October 2017.

11103:

Onyeonoro, UU; Ekpemiro, UC; Abali, C; Nwokeukwu, HI (2015).

10520:"Chip-based technology allows fast, accurate Ebola detection" 9929:"Diagnosis of Ebola Virus Disease: Past, Present, and Future" 9516: 9381: 9339:

PHE study finds Ebola virus mutated slower than first thought

8401:"Muere el religioso español Miguel Pajares a causa del ébola" 7734: 7448:"West Africa to Be Declared Ebola-Free, Health Officials Say" 7300:"Liberia Seeks US Help to Determine Cause of New Ebola Cases" 7081:"In Liberia: Dog meat identified as possible source of Ebola" 6951:"Liberia names new health minister as it seeks to beat Ebola" 4924:"Ebola threat to Guinea Bissau rises as border zone heats up" 4336:"How world's worst Ebola outbreak began with one boy's death" 3199:. World Health Organization. 26 December 2014. Archived from 1863:, a UK-based disaster relief organisation, indicated that a " 1860: 1849: 1563: 1524: 1283: 1272: 1117: 872: 867:

On 23 October 2014, the first case of Ebola virus disease in

857:

Malian regions with Ebola cases (Kayes/Bamako), November 2014

833: 814: 338: 189: 23474: 17502: This website's content changes frequently. 17463: This website's content changes frequently. 15866:"WHO leadership admits failings over Ebola, promises reform" 15479: 14839:"Tourists abandon Ghana despite its successes against Ebola" 14527:"First WHO worker infected by Ebola, DR Congo reports cases" 14502:"Liberia: Ebola Outbreak Affects Agriculture in Lofa County" 13501:

Henao-Restrepo, Ana Maria; Longini, Ira M; Egger, Matthias;

11938: 11293:"Ebola: the failures of the international outbreak response" 9872: 5500: 5012:"The Last Place on Earth With Ebola: Getting Guinea to Zero" 3685: 3197:"Ebola response roadmap – Situation report 24 December 2014" 2882: 1600:

magazine in December 2014 named the Ebola health workers as

22097: 21480: 20110: 19615: 17522: 16701: 15788:"UN senior leaders outline needs for global Ebola response" 15763: 15639:"Tony Abbott ramps up Ebola response with medics and money" 14684:"Nigeria: Lagos Hotels Lose N8 Billion Over Ebola Outbreak" 14450:"Ebola: airlines cancel more flights to affected countries" 14261:"Fewer Ebola Cases Go Unreported Than Thought, Study Finds" 14073:"Disease modelers project a rapidly rising toll from Ebola" 13979:

10.1371/currents.outbreaks.91afb5e0f279e7f29e7056095255b288

13842:

Ebola Response Roadmap Situation Report 2, 5 September 2014

11910:

Hunter's tropical medicine and emerging infectious diseases

11443:"The 2014 Ebola Outbreak: International and U.S. Responses" 11001:"Guinea's Grand Imam Pulls No Punches In His Ebola Message" 10600:"Evolution and Spread of Ebola Virus in Liberia, 2014–2015" 10392: 10148:"Sex and masturbation may hamper Ebola eradication efforts" 9467: 8965:"BBC News – Ebola: Seventh British health worker sent home" 8492: 7607:"Female survivor may be cause of Ebola flare-up in Liberia" 7396:"Female survivor may be cause of Ebola flare-up in Liberia" 7347:"Liberia's last two Ebola patients recover, leave hospital" 6532:"Sierra Leone Stops Mandatory Testing Of Corpses For Ebola" 5651:"Sierra Leone shuts borders, closes schools to fight Ebola" 3289:"Fewer Ebola cases go unreported than thought, study finds" 1867:" (a reference to the massive plan to rebuild Europe after 1310:

Quarantine travel pass for individuals providing assistance

1003:

A number of people who had become infected with Ebola were

998: 889: 879: 868: 16833:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. January 2016 16357:"Ebola Situation Response Roadmap Situation Report Update" 16018:"Ebola global response was 'too slow', say health experts" 14185:"The Ebola Emergency — Immediate Action, Ongoing Strategy" 12458: 11857:"Sierra Leone Is Epicenter of Ebola as Guinea Clinic Shut" 11630:"USAID seeks help from 'maker movement' in Ebola outbreak" 9659: 7990:

Mali confirms its second fatal case of Ebola virus disease

7712:"Guinean Who Brought Ebola To Senegal Recovers From Virus" 7062:"Liberia investigating animal link after Ebola re-emerges" 6689:"Ebola outbreak: Liberia 'close to collapse' – ambassador" 5400: 4898:"Ebola crisis: Guineans jailed for putting corpse in taxi" 4853:"Guinea declares Ebola 'health emergency' in five regions" 4774: 4772: 4146:"Growing Ebola outbreak threatens to overwhelm volunteers" 1630:. During the epidemic some patients received experimental 1033:

2014 Democratic Republic of the Congo Ebola virus outbreak

1027:

Unrelated outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

321:. Secondary infections of medical workers occurred in the 17483: 17444: 17380: 15722:

WHO Leader Outlines Changes in Response to Ebola Epidemic

15091:"IMF under pressure to cancel Ebola-hit countries' debts" 13609: 13048:

Ebola Virus Disease in Health Care Workers — Guinea, 2014

12541:

Ebola Response Roadmap Situation Report 18 September 2014

10572:

Unprecedented number of medical staff infected with Ebola

10349:

UN senior leaders outline needs for global Ebola response

9241:"Undiagnosed Acute Viral Febrile Illnesses, Sierra Leone" 9188: 8943:"Felix Baez, Cuban doctor with Ebola, recovers in Geneva" 8200:"UK's first Ebola patient 'critically ill,' in isolation" 5307:"Africa highlights: Tuesday 22 March 2016 as it happened" 4327: 3922:"Ebola vaccine results are encouraging – but preliminary" 3613:"US health worker monitored as DRC Ebola nears 600 cases" 3225:. World Health Organization. 22 July 2015. Archived from 1818: 23496:

Knowledge articles published in peer-reviewed literature

18160:

2023 Marburg virus disease outbreak in Equatorial Guinea

17143:

Yang, Shu; Xu, Miao; Lee, Emily M.; et al. (2018).

16407:"Ebola virus disease, West Africa – update 31 July 2014" 16045:"Remembering health workers who died from Ebola in 2014" 15612:

Ebola response roadmap situation report 17 December 2014

14786:"The Gambia's tourist industry reels from Ebola fallout" 14234:"Overnight Health: Congress begs for attention on Ebola" 13290:

Fausther-Bovendo H, Mulangu S, Sullivan NJ (June 2012).

13068: 12882: 12466:"MSF's new Ebola management centers already overwhelmed" 11657:(Press release). USAID. 12 December 2014. Archived from 11491:

Ebola medics 'better trained in Sierra Leone than Spain'

10455: 9557: 8729:"Infektion: Ebola-Patient in Leipziger Klinik gestorben" 7865:"Remembering health workers who died from Ebola in 2014" 5332:"Liberia Closes Border With Guinea After Ebola Flare-up" 5071:"Guinea's last Ebola case, a baby girl, leaves hospital" 4824:"Crowds attack Ebola facility, health workers in Guinea" 4447:"Sierra Leone hunts Ebola patient kidnapped in Freetown" 4307: 2011: 1449:

may be instituted, but patients who are vomiting or are

23501:

Knowledge articles published in WikiJournal of Medicine

16880: 15565:

Ebola Response Roadmap Situation Report 15 October 2014

15510:"Ebola 'threat to world security'- UN Security Council" 13410:"Results are in: Inhalable Ebola vaccine, Lyme disease" 12806:"In Order To Contain Ebola 9,000 Household Kits Arrive" 11220:"In Sierra Leone's Ebola hot zone: A series of reports" 11054:"Quantifying Poverty as a Driver of Ebola Transmission" 9982:

Marburg- and Ebolaviruses: From Ecosystems to Molecules

9926: 9126: 8629:"Virus Free: Ebola-Infected Nurse Nina Pham to Go Home" 8034: 7966:(in French). maliactu. 19 November 2014. Archived from 7905: 7000:"Liberia: 200 Reportedly Had Contact With Ebola Victim" 5259:"Ebola clinic reopens in Guinea after virus resurfaces" 4769: 3323: 1834:

Markets and shops closed due to travel restrictions, a

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A Day-by-Day Chronicle of the 2013–2016 Ebola Outbreak

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Emma Farge; James Harding Giahyue (17 December 2015).

6488:

WHO statement on end of Ebola flare-up in Sierra Leone

6389:

Ebola in Sierra Leone: New case spreads community fear

6367:"Sierra Leone confirms second case of Ebola in a week" 3244:

United Kingdom is declared free of Ebola virus disease

3116:. WHO Regional Office for Africa. 2015. Archived from 2307:

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

1301: 991:

A fourth case was identified on 23 October 2014, when

23427: 17279:. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 16954: 15592:. United Nations Mission for Ebola Emergency Response 15343:"Donors Pledge $ 3.4 Billion for Ebola Recovery Plan" 14911: 14812:"Ebola scares tourist from Cape Coast Castle in 2014" 14763:"Mixed grill for businesses as Ebola impacts economy" 14632:"Ebola Virus Eats Into West Africa's Economic Growth" 14252: 14093: 13023: 10123:"Why Testicles Are The Perfect Hiding Spot For Ebola" 10071: 8669: 8655:"Nurse Amber Vinson free of Ebola virus, family says" 6546: 6025:"Decline in Ebola cases flattens, raising UN concern" 5899:"Ebola Could be 'Levelling Off' in Sierra Leone: WHO" 5707:"The Ebola Outbreak Is Getting Worse in Sierra Leone" 5552: 4656:"Ebola countries record first week with no new cases" 4198: 4117:"8 Ebola suspects freed by relatives in Sierra Leone" 2832:—survived Ebola in 2014 and became a nurse; named co- 1657:

studies being conducted with two different vaccines.

1528:

WHO workers gear up to go to Ebola ward Nigeria, 2014

631:

violated quarantine in search of food in the town of

494:, Sierra Leone's capital, was reported in late July. 344:

It caused significant mortality, with a considerable

15461:"WHO says Ebola outbreak could strike 20,000 people" 13895:"Ebola Increases Threat to Sierra Leone Pregnancies" 13785: 13699:"West & Central Africa – Information by Country" 13120:"Clinical management of filovirus-infected patients" 12112:"Post-Ebolavirus disease syndrome: what do we know?" 12035: 11681:"Dreaming Up A Safer, Cooler PPE For Ebola Fighters" 10824:"Fighting fear, denial and death on Ebola frontline" 10802: 10596: 9608: 9238: 8500:"WHO Says Spain Ebola-Free Following Nurse Recovery" 8147:"Ebola nurse: Pauline Cafferkey 'happy to be alive'" 7556:. The New Dawn Liberia. 7 April 2016. Archived from 6139:. Associated Press. 8 September 2015. Archived from 5841:"Ebola: Sierra Leone begins house-to-house searches" 5809:

Sierra Leone: Ebola Virus Disease – Situation Report

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Responses to the Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa

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by the WHO. On 6 November, a media report indicated

17381:"Ebolafacts – a simple FAQ in English & French" 16201:"Ebola Situation Report – 11 November 2015 | Ebola" 16175:"Ebola Situation Report – 25 November 2015 | Ebola" 15814:"WHO chief promises transparency on Ebola failures" 15427: 15240: 14936:"UK employees leave Sierra Leone over Ebola threat" 14914:"Africa Travel Week focuses on sustainable tourism" 14553:"Ebola threatens food security in West Africa: FAO" 13118:Clark DV, Jahrling PB, Lawler JV (September 2012). 13117: 12808:. Daily Observer. 25 September 2014. Archived from 12533: 12206:(Press release). WHO. 7 August 2015. Archived from 12038:"Ebola Doctors Are Divided on IV Therapy in Africa" 10805:"Skeptics In Sierra Leone Doubt Ebola Virus Exists" 8068:"Mali records new Ebola case, linked to dead nurse" 6166:"New Ebola death reported in northern Sierra Leone" 6074:"Sierra Leone Has First Week of No New Ebola Cases" 6071: 6003:"Ebola-hit Sierra Leone to Reopen Schools March 30" 4556:

Situation summary Data published on 2 December 2014

4473:"Ebola outbreak: Sierra Leone escaped patient dies" 4310:"Tracing Ebola's Breakout to an African 2-Year-Old" 3841: 1430:. Later symptoms often include severe vomiting and 1200: 23611:Public health emergencies of international concern 19603:International Humanitarian Fact-Finding Commission 15940: 15165: 15035: 13886: 13629: 13559:"World on the verge of an effective Ebola vaccine" 12271:Clinical care for survivors of Ebola virus disease 10176: 9014: 9012: 8755:"Ugandan doctor cured of Ebola in German hospital" 8548: 7790:"Nigeria in first step towards all-clear on Ebola" 6880:. The Disease Daily. 27 March 2015. Archived from 6659:"Ebola outbreak: Liberia shuts most border points" 6651: 6580:"Ebola outbreak: Liberia shuts most border points" 6556:. Liberian Observer. 31 March 2014. 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Archived from 6926:"US Shuts Down Ebola Treatment Center in Liberia" 6607:"In Compliance with Sirleaf's Mandate, UL Closed" 6572: 4082: 4080: 4027: 3403:Penney, Joe; Diallo, Tiemoko (12 November 2014). 3376: 3374: 1076:Of the four disease-causing viruses in the genus 642:Ebola crisis: More UK aid arrives in Sierra Leone 546:the centre of the country was destroyed. Guinean 23487: 20360:United Nations response to the COVID-19 pandemic 14039: 13026:"Ebola fighters are Time's 'Person of the Year'" 12441: 11265: 10782:"Encounters during the Ebola awareness campaign" 8847:"Italy doctor with Ebola has recovered: reports" 8595: 7742:Ebola Response Roadmap Update, 22 September 2014 5931:. The Christian Science Monitor. 14 January 2015 5133: 4970:(Report). WHO. 17 September 2015. 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WHO. 3 September 2015. Archived from 6997: 6464:(Report). WHO. 17 February 2016. Archived from 6291:"Ebola virus: New case emerges in Sierra Leone" 6241:(Report). WHO. 11 November 2015. Archived from 5978:"Downward Ebola trend suddenly reverses itself" 5681:"Sierra Leone, Liberia deploy troops for Ebola" 5047:(Report). WHO. 11 November 2015. Archived from 4504:(Report). WHO. 12 November 2014. Archived from 4441: 4439: 4303: 4301: 4140: 4138: 3916: 3914: 3742: 3740: 3588:. University of Edinburgh. 2015. Archived from 3525:(Report). WHO. 31 December 2014. Archived from 3480: 1112: 1072:Ebola virus particles using electron micrograph 536:U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 22019: 15838: 15010:"Ebola-hit countries call for $ 8 bn aid plan" 14604:The Christian Science Monitor (29 July 2015). 14331:"Ebola, jobs and economic activity in Liberia" 13870:(Report). WHO. 12 January 2015. 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New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2020. 16447: 16349: 15889: 15832: 15662: 15037:"IMF policies blamed for weak Ebola response" 14447: 14328: 14094:Nishiura, H; Chowell, G (11 September 2014). 14070: 12031: 12029: 12027: 11883:Signs and Symptoms of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever 10717: 10574:(Report). WHO. 25 August 2014. Archived from 9844: 9653: 9122: 9120: 9118: 8284: 8096:. France 24. 12 December 2014. 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World Health Organization. 5 December 2014 3189: 3177:. World Health Organization. 21 January 2015 3164: 2024:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa timeline 1829:Many airlines suspended flights to the area. 1516:that affect the inner chambers of the eye." 1480: 984:became infected in Liberia and travelled to 388:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa timeline 18140:1967 Marburg virus outbreak in West Germany 17610:2013−2016 West African Ebola virus epidemic 17012:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 16453: 15453: 15340: 13283: 13111: 12109: 12055: 10539: 10537: 8913: 8701: 7582:(Report). WHO. 8 April 2016. Archived from 6554:"2 of 5 Test Positive for Ebola in Liberia" 5453:. Yahoo! News. 5 April 2016. Archived from 5181: 4877: 4420:(Report). WHO. 18 July 2014. Archived from 4384: 4370:Previous Updates: 2014 West Africa Outbreak 4199:Holly Yan; Esprit Smith (28 October 2014). 4106: 3791: 3789: 3787: 3694:"New Ebola Cases Could Hit 10,000 Per Week" 3090:. World Health Organization. Archived from 1391: 1354:CDC staff preparing to enter ETU in Liberia 22914: 22900: 21991: 21977: 21472: 21458: 20931: 20917: 20429: 20415: 20399:Topics of most severely affected countries 19912:Yemen Relief and Reconstruction Foundation 19509: 19495: 18464: 18450: 17562: 17548: 16462: 16275: 15936: 15934: 15536:"WHO warns Ebola response could cost $ 1B" 14836: 14658:"Impact of Ebola on e-commerce in Nigeria" 14475:"Ebola Wreaks Economic Woe In West Africa" 14259:McNeil, Donald G. Jr. (16 December 2014). 13860: 13834: 13407: 13024:McLaughlin, Eliott C. (10 December 2014). 12716:. Médecins Sans Frontières. 8 January 2015 12065:. Communities/Ebola Response. January 2015 12024: 11805: 11799: 11779: 11777: 11105:"Ebola epidemic – the Nigerian experience" 9780: 9778: 9115: 8546: 7144: 6686: 5548: 5546: 4880:"Ebola Epidemic Slows Even More, WHO Says" 4244: 4090:(Report). WHO. 3 July 2014. Archived from 3867: 3233: 3132: 2982:). The version of record as reviewed is: 1607: 1171: 1023:two patients (and five who were exposed). 951:Brothers Hospitallers of Saint John of God 22921: 18645:"Cocoliztli" epidemics in colonial Mexico 17176: 17117: 17082: 17031: 16988: 16914: 16812: 16753: 16727: 16506: 16060: 15971: 15961: 14516: 14424: 14406: 14371: 14354: 14111: 13987: 13977: 13959: 13768: 13750: 13526: 13451: 13384: 13315: 13292:"Ebolavirus vaccines for humans and apes" 13266: 13145: 13135: 13094: 13062: 12926: 12908: 12856: 12516: 12389: 12387: 12246: 12127: 11964: 11831: 11727: 11628:Ravindranath, Mohana (24 November 2014). 11361:. Doctors without Borders. 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On 27 July, 506:its first new case since September 2015. 462:On 25 March 2014, the WHO indicated that 22955:Sierra Leone in World War II (1939–1945) 22714: 17691:Recent DR Congo outbreaks and epidemics 16594:"Profile: Ebola nurse Pauline Cafferkey" 16591: 16269: 16125:. WHO. 23 September 2015. Archived from 15757: 15485: 14783: 14159:"Could the Ebola outbreak last forever?" 13919:. University of Michigan. Archived from 13428:"Clinical development of Ebola vaccines" 13408:Smart, Ben; Lucas, Liza (17 July 2015). 13170:"Ebola: The race for drugs and vaccines" 12762:"Woman saves three relatives from Ebola" 11897: 11441:Salaam-Blyther, Tiaji (26 August 2014). 11193:McNeil, Donald G. Jr. (13 August 2014). 11029:. UNICEF. 12 August 2015. Archived from 10534: 9866: 9290:"Genomes reveal start of Ebola outbreak" 9038: 8777:"Hamburg clinic dismisses Ebola patient" 7465: 7016: 5776: 5683:. News 24. 4 August 2014. 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It caused major loss of life and 24: 22995: 22736:Herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria 20247:The State of the World's Cash 2020 20172:Central African Republic Civil War 18145:2017 Uganda Marburg virus outbreak 17630:United Nations Ebola Response Fund 16887:The Journal of Infectious Diseases 16664: 16644:Vogel, Gretchen (28 August 2014). 16305:"Ebola virus disease, West Africa" 16043:Green, Andrew (20 December 2014). 15839:McVeigh, Tracy (18 October 2014). 15816:. Associated Press. Archived from 14765:. Vanguard News. 15 September 2014 14559:. 2 September 2014. Archived from 13478:. The Oxford Press. Archived from 13359:Mulligan, Mark J. (5 March 2015). 12784:"Ebola Supplies Arrive in Liberia" 10691:Diallo, Boubacar (29 March 2014). 10154:. 9 September 2015. 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Reuters. Archived from 5929:Christian Science Monitor 4707:Ebola data and statistics 2350: 2347: 2344: 2341: 2338: 2335: 2332: 2329: 2326: 2323: 2049: 2046: 2043: 2040: 2037: 2034: 1697:basic reproduction number 1487:Post-Ebola virus syndrome 1481:Post-Ebola virus syndrome 522: 401: Widespread outbreak 350:World Health Organization 75: 72: 69: 66: 62: 57: 49: 37: 23076:Administrative divisions 22388:House of Representatives 22319:Administrative divisions 21103:Administrative divisions 20960:Colonization (1821–1847) 20633:Administrative divisions 20187:South Sudanese Civil War 20162:2011 East Africa drought 19820:Médecins Sans Frontières 19785:Catholic Relief Services 19475:Mpox (clade Ib) epidemic 19469:Mpox (clade II) outbreak 19429:Seventh cholera pandemic 16961:The Journal of Infection 16252:"Ebola Situation Report" 16227:"Ebola Situation Report" 16199: 16149:"Ebola Situation Report" 16123:"Ebola Situation Report" 15737: 15570:(Report). 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EMA. 12 December 2019 2990:WikiJournal of Medicine 2962:WikiJournal of Medicine 1927:In September 2014, the 1608:Experimental treatments 1172:Containment and control 848: 23606:History of West Africa 23551:2016 disease outbreaks 23546:2015 disease outbreaks 23541:2014 disease outbreaks 23536:2013 disease outbreaks 23526:21st-century epidemics 23000: 22629:Oodua Peoples Congress 20468:Imamate of Futa Jallon 20273:World Humanitarian Day 20147:Ethiopian famine 1980s 19925:Analysis and reporting 19795:Danish Refugee Council 19773:International agencies 19405:Sixth cholera pandemic 19393:Fifth cholera pandemic 19375:Third cholera pandemic 19363:First cholera pandemic 19345:Second plague pandemic 18905:Barcelona yellow fever 18750:Great Plague of Vienna 18736:Great Plague of London 18706:Massachusetts smallpox 15702:. internationalsos.com 14329:Jeremy Bowles (2016). 13868:Ebola Situation report 13377:10.1001/jama.2015.1995 12400:London Review of Books 12063:"IV Therapy for Ebola" 11007:. NPR. 26 January 2015 10280:Ebola response Roadmap 9257:10.3201/eid2007.131265 8403:. RTVE. 12 August 2014 8272:. CBC. 21 October 2015 7863:Green, Andrew (2014). 7369:Ebola Situation Report 6534:. Agence France Presse 6462:Ebola Situation Report 6239:Ebola Situation Report 6219:. VOA. 6 November 2015 6005:. VOA. 5 February 2015 5951:Ebola Situation Report 5419:10.3201/eid2201.151410 5354:Ebola Situation Report 5097:Ebola Situation Report 5045:Ebola Situation Report 4994:Ebola Situation Report 4804:. VOA. 6 February 2015 4636:. CIDRAP. 29 July 2015 4604:Ebola situation report 4578:Ebola situation report 3824:Situation Report Ebola 1967: 1787: 1735: 1617: 1558: 1529: 1453:must be hydrated with 1411: 1355: 1347: 1311: 1210:community surveillance 1193: 1122: 1073: 949:On 5 August 2014, the 858: 721: 643: 619: 519: 459: 451: 421: 407: Limited outbreak 23040:Upper Guinean forests 22999: 22972:Civil War (1991–2002) 22747:Niger Delta conflicts 22293:Wildlife conservation 22168:Military dictatorship 21566:2012 Tuareg rebellion 21128:Government ministries 21000:1998 Monrovia clashes 20235:Sphere (organization) 20157:2010 Haiti earthquake 20020:Rachel Kiddell-Monroe 19780:Action Against Hunger 19754:The Federation (IFRC) 19587:A Memory of Solferino 19381:Third plague pandemic 19339:First plague pandemic 19133:Western African Ebola 19043:Chikungunya outbreaks 18995:Malaysian Nipah virus 18863:Great Plains smallpox 18398:Huangjiao thamnovirus 18258:Marburg virus disease 17779:Taï Forest ebolavirus 17739:Bundibugyo ebolavirus 16899:10.1093/infdis/jix619 16409:. WHO. Archived from 16333:. WHO. Archived from 16203:. WHO. Archived from 16177:. WHO. Archived from 13793:Ebola Virus Factsheet 13251:10.1056/NEJMoa1511812 13172:. BBC. 27 March 2015. 12231:"Post-Ebola syndrome" 11957:10.1056/NEJMoa1411680 11708:Clinical Therapeutics 11539:. NPR. 7 October 2014 10196:10.1056/NEJMoa1511410 10091:10.1056/NEJMoa1511410 9896:10.1128/mBio.00137-15 9519:"Ebola virus disease" 7939:"Ebola Outbreak 2014" 7446:Alexandra Sifferlin. 4275:10.1056/NEJMoa1404505 3692:Worl, Justin (2014). 3557:. WHO. Archived from 3344:10.1056/NEJMoa1411100 3003:10.15347/WJM/2019.001 1965: 1909:Further information: 1783: 1730: 1642:Further information: 1620:Further information: 1615: 1556: 1527: 1409: 1353: 1345: 1309: 1251:in Guinea, "The poor 1191: 1132:zoonotic transmission 1120: 1071: 1031:Further information: 974:Further information: 943:Further information: 905:On 29 December 2014, 899:Further information: 861:Further information: 856: 826:Further information: 719: 710:Further information: 650:. On 15 December the 641: 617: 608:Further information: 570:Forécariah Prefecture 527:Further information: 517: 457: 449: 395: 22940:Atlantic slave trade 22241:Environmental issues 21640:Environmental issues 21047:Environmental issues 20525:2008 military unrest 19949:The New Humanitarian 19441:Russian flu pandemic 19183:Angolan yellow fever 18934:San Francisco plague 18887:Broad Street cholera 18785:Great Plague of 1738 18182:Marburg marburgvirus 16458:. The Premium Times. 16413:on 24 September 2014 16311:on 20 September 2014 16129:on 26 September 2015 15956:(10009): 2204–2221. 15643:theaustralian.com.au 14916:. The M&G Online 14204:10.1056/NEJMe1411471 12602:on 27 September 2014 10941:10.1056/NEJMp1409859 10784:. PLAN International 9945:10.1128/CMR.00003-16 9878:(19 February 2015). 9486:10.1128/JVI.02701-15 9196:Archives of Virology 7722:on 24 September 2014 7188:on 5 September 2015. 4003:10.1128/JVI.01913-16 3997:(2): e01913–e01916. 3822:WHO (10 June 2016). 3246:(Report). WHO Europe 2966:academic peer review 1877:Cambridge University 1815:social vulnerability 1713:were 1.71 (95% 933:Spallanzani Hospital 931:. He was treated at 762:Roselyn Nugba-Ballah 752:had reported cases. 413: Isolated cases 22742:Islamist insurgency 21581:Ebola disease event 20503:Portuguese invasion 20478:African slave trade 20288:Airstrikes on Yemen 19581:Battle of Solferino 19347:(1348–19th century) 19275:New Zealand measles 19103:Darfur yellow fever 18946:LA pneumonic plague 18563:Plague of Justinian 18099:Ebola virus disease 17605:1976 Zaire outbreak 17600:1976 Sudan outbreak 16797:10.1038/nature17949 16789:2016Natur.533..100R 16729:10.1038/nature14594 16720:2015Natur.524...97C 16207:on 11 November 2015 16181:on 30 November 2015 16155:on 11 December 2015 16055:(9961): 2201–2206. 15794:on 7 September 2014 15618:on 19 December 2014 15542:. 16 September 2014 15516:. 18 September 2014 14743:on 29 November 2014 14664:on 29 November 2014 14563:on 22 December 2015 14481:. NPR. 17 July 2014 14399:2015PLoSO..1037208S 14316:Australian News.Net 14025:2014Cmplx..20b...8H 13970:2014arXiv1408.3505A 13874:on 5 September 2014 13848:on 4 September 2014 13743:2016PLoSO..1147172S 13639:. 23 December 2006. 13426:Sridhar, S (2015). 12901:2015PLoSO..1045167Y 12863:The Washington Post 12838:. 15 September 2013 12596:The Washington Post 11634:The Washington Post 11607:The Huffington Post 10480:2015NatSR...514494C 10424:2014Natur.516..154B 10355:on 7 September 2014 9804:2017NatSR...714291O 9735:2017NatSR...741613R 9577:10.7554/eLife.11785 9474:Journal of Virology 9410:10.1038/nature14612 9401:2015Natur.524..102S 9306:2014Sci...345..989V 9150:2014Sci...345.1369G 9144:(6202): 1369–1372. 9078:on 21 November 2014 9052:on 5 September 2014 8583:CNN. 8 October 2014 8429:. 25 September 2014 8390:, AFP, 10 June 2015 8317:on 23 February 2016 8100:on 27 December 2014 7996:on 13 November 2014 7970:on 14 December 2014 7919:on 11 November 2014 7875:(9961): 2201–2206. 7692:on 5 September 2014 7427:on 22 December 2015 7375:on 18 December 2015 6468:on 20 February 2016 6271:on 11 December 2015 6245:on 11 November 2015 6197:. 14 September 2015 6143:on 21 November 2015 6027:. Philadelphia Star 5879:on 19 December 2014 5821:on 20 December 2014 5103:on 8 December 2015. 5051:on 11 November 2015 4974:on 2 September 2015 4508:on 12 November 2014 3991:Journal of Virology 3854:Scientific American 3635:Ebola virus disease 3532:on 31 December 2014 3266:"Situation summary" 3203:on 30 December 2014 2320: 2031: 1894:UN General Assembly 1790:In March 2015, the 1758:worst-case scenario 1549:Healthcare settings 1346:Examining equipment 1332:Protective clothing 1232:Community awareness 1005:medically evacuated 439:in Guinea, was the 366:post-Ebola syndrome 287:Ebola virus disease 34: 23214:Telecommunications 23001: 22579:Child sexual abuse 22559:Capital punishment 22508:Telecommunications 21779:Telecommunications 21531:Kénédougou Kingdom 20739:Telecommunications 20572:Biosphere reserves 20483:French West Africa 20059:Donors and funding 19764:Protective Emblems 19759:National Societies 19736:Red Cross Movement 19598:Geneva Conventions 19593:Red Cross Movement 19567:1850s, Creation of 19357:Influenza pandemic 19351:Influenza pandemic 19299:Bangsamoro measles 19281:Singaporean dengue 19245:Pacific NW measles 19239:Philippine measles 19227:Madagascar measles 19209:Kerala Nipah virus 19202:Saudi Arabian MERS 19115:Singaporean dengue 19061:Zimbabwean cholera 19031:Singaporean dengue 18875:Copenhagen cholera 18857:Groningen epidemic 18651:Influenza pandemic 18633:Influenza pandemic 17971:Thomas Eric Duncan 17451:on 25 January 2003 17277:"Outbreak Updates" 17257:"Outbreak Updates" 16024:. 23 November 2015 15768:. Associated Press 15726:The New York Times 15389:. 24 November 2015 15123:on 2 February 2015 14265:The New York Times 14240:. 19 November 2014 14033:10.1002/cplx.21615 13923:on 4 November 2014 13897:. Voice of America 13482:on 12 October 2014 13345:The New York Times 12672:on 4 February 2016 12341:The New York Times 12090:The New York Times 12042:The New York Times 11863:on 24 October 2014 11785:Treatment of Ebola 11422:on 2 November 2014 11365:on 2 November 2014 11199:The New York Times 10468:Scientific Reports 9990:10.1007/82_2017_69 9792:Scientific Reports 9723:Scientific Reports 9529:(10174): 936–948. 9132:(28 August 2014). 8879:. 23 December 2014 8708:The New York Times 8608:The New York Times 8343:. 24 February 2016 8074:. 22 November 2014 8048:. 12 November 2014 8022:. 21 November 2014 7844:on 24 October 2014 7818:on 21 October 2014 7280:. 22 November 2015 7206:. 20 November 2015 7169:The New York Times 7107:The New York Times 7004:The New York Times 6801:. 14 November 2014 6774:The New York Times 6749:on 4 December 2014 6347:on 22 January 2016 6329:. 17 January 2016. 6297:. 15 January 2016. 5957:on 1 February 2015 5847:. 17 December 2014 5758:. 10 December 2014 5732:. Associated Press 5661:on 24 January 2016 5572:10.1093/cid/ciw601 5519:10.1093/cid/ciw601 5121:on 17 October 2014 5077:. 28 November 2015 5016:The New York Times 4830:. 14 February 2015 4584:on 31 January 2015 4314:The New York Times 4176:The New York Times 3889:(10068): 479–480. 3803:on 26 January 2016 3293:The New York Times 3042:on 26 January 2016 2834:Person of the Year 2824:Thomas Eric Duncan 2318: 2028: 1998:2009 H1N1 pandemic 1968: 1898:China's investment 1788: 1690:case fatality rate 1632:blood transfusions 1618: 1602:Person of the Year 1582:UNICEF, USAID and 1559: 1530: 1504:from inflammatory 1471:Partners in Health 1443:hypovolaemic shock 1422:, and pain in the 1412: 1356: 1348: 1312: 1249:Plan International 1194: 1123: 1074: 982:Thomas Eric Duncan 859: 722: 684:Tonkolili District 644: 620: 520: 460: 452: 422: 370:rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine 346:case fatality rate 32: 23425: 23424: 23419: 23418: 23386: 23385: 23295:Human trafficking 23237: 23236: 23166: 23165: 23138:Political parties 23096:Foreign relations 23058: 23057: 22987:COVID-19 pandemic 22889: 22888: 22849: 22848: 22801:List of Nigerians 22762: 22761: 22641:Gender inequality 22604:Domestic violence 22568:Girl child labour 22526: 22525: 22437: 22436: 22400:Political parties 22383:National Assembly 22368:Human trafficking 22351:Foreign relations 22301: 22300: 22198: 22197: 21966: 21965: 21926: 21925: 21840:Human trafficking 21797: 21796: 21756: 21755: 21733:Political parties 21728:National Assembly 21701:Foreign relations 21673: 21672: 21546:Toucouleur Empire 21506:Pre-Imperial Mali 21447: 21446: 21407: 21406: 21316:Gender inequality 21268: 21267: 21204: 21203: 21186:Political parties 21123:Foreign relations 21085: 21084: 20995:1994 coup attempt 20985:1985 coup attempt 20906: 20905: 20866: 20865: 20757: 20756: 20693: 20692: 20675:Political parties 20648:Foreign relations 20615: 20614: 20391: 20390: 20365:Aid effectiveness 20256:Aid worker safety 20192:Rohingya genocide 20130:Major emergencies 20040:Michael Bloomberg 19985:Christos Christou 19920: 19919: 19845:Save the Children 19815:Médecins du Monde 19744:Seville Agreement 19680: 19679: 19534:in conflict zones 19484: 19483: 19325: 19324: 19321: 19320: 19257:Kuala Koh measles 19171:South Korean MERS 19159:Polio declaration 19147:Madagascar plague 19079:Gujarat hepatitis 19067:Madagascar plague 19019:Midwest monkeypox 18970:Yugoslav smallpox 18940:Manchurian plague 18881:Stockholm cholera 18818: 18817: 18605:Sweating sickness 18593:Japanese smallpox 18542:Plague of Cyprian 18481:disease outbreaks 18439: 18438: 18407: 18406: 18374: 18373: 18365:Xilang striavirus 18341: 18340: 18309: 18308: 18295:Lloviu cuevavirus 18271: 18270: 18117: 18116: 17966:Pauline Cafferkey 17929:Ebola researchers 17869: 17753:Reston ebolavirus 17680:Ouse to Ouse Tock 17504: 17465: 17351:on 4 January 2016 17106:Euro Surveillance 16858:978-92-4-154992-9 16783:(7601): 100–104. 16686:978-0-374-23432-4 16572:Los Angeles Times 16337:on 28 August 2015 15820:on 1 January 2015 15681:978-0-231-21001-0 15590:"Global Response" 15415:. 25 January 2016 14990:. 27 January 2015 14638:on 27 August 2014 14198:(16): 1545–1546. 13822:on 29 August 2014 13705:on 7 October 2014 13679:on 23 August 2014 13513:(9996): 857–866. 13432:Ther Adv Vaccines 12980:on 14 August 2014 12812:on 6 October 2014 12210:on 13 August 2015 11951:(22): 2092–2100. 11920:978-1-4160-4390-4 11661:on 9 January 2015 11609:. 31 October 2014 11246:The Seattle Times 11033:on 15 August 2015 10578:on 27 August 2014 10488:10.1038/srep14494 10418:(7530): 154–155. 10393:National Archives 10190:(15): 1428–1437. 10085:(15): 1428–1437. 9999:978-3-319-68948-7 9743:10.1038/srep41613 9628:978-3-540-70961-9 9395:(7563): 102–104. 9300:(6200): 989–990. 9202:(12): 2083–2103. 9026:on 30 August 2014 8805:on 4 October 2014 8683:. 23 October 2014 8635:. 24 October 2014 8506:. 2 December 2014 8480:on 27 August 2021 8228:. 12 October 2015 8153:. 24 January 2015 7204:Los Angeles Times 6858:. 29 January 2015 6826:Liberian Observer 6691:. BBC News Africa 6442:. 8 February 2016 6104:. 26 August 2015. 5566:(10): 1353–1356. 5513:(10): 1353–1356. 4398:on 6 October 2014 4268:(15): 1418–1425. 3592:on 29 August 2014 3338:(16): 1481–1495. 2852:Pauline Cafferkey 2797: 2796: 2681:28 September 2014 2316: 2315: 1869:World War II 1859:In January 2015, 1584:Samaritan's Purse 1361:medical isolation 1343: 1253:living conditions 1136:insectivorous bat 1007:for treatment in 907:Pauline Cafferkey 279: 278: 274: 273: 256: 238: 220: 202: 184: 166: 148: 130: 112: 94: 16:(Redirected from 23623: 23478: 23477: 23466: 23465: 23464: 23454: 23453: 23452: 23442: 23441: 23440: 23433: 23399: 23248: 23247: 23204: 23177: 23176: 23069: 23068: 23025:Cities and towns 23013: 23012: 22916: 22909: 22902: 22893: 22892: 22869: 22862: 22712: 22711: 22537: 22536: 22493: 22475:Economic history 22448: 22447: 22312: 22311: 22209: 22208: 22158:Southern Nigeria 22153:Northern Nigeria 22148:Colonial Nigeria 22017: 22016: 21993: 21986: 21979: 21970: 21969: 21946: 21939: 21808: 21807: 21767: 21766: 21684: 21683: 21611: 21610: 21551:Wassoulou Empire 21474: 21467: 21460: 21451: 21450: 21427: 21420: 21279: 21278: 21240: 21215: 21214: 21096: 21095: 21030: 21029: 20975:1980 coup d'état 20970:1871 coup d'état 20933: 20926: 20919: 20910: 20909: 20886: 20879: 20768: 20767: 20729: 20704: 20703: 20626: 20625: 20565: 20564: 20550:2021 coup d'état 20530:2008 coup d'état 20515:1984 coup d'état 20473:Wassoulou Empire 20458:Regional history 20431: 20424: 20417: 20408: 20407: 20395: 20394: 20384:World portal 20382: 20381: 20333:Related articles 20202:Yemeni Civil War 20197:Syrian civil war 19995:Martin Griffiths 19691: 19690: 19564: 19563: 19529:Humanitarian aid 19518:Humanitarian aid 19511: 19504: 19497: 19488: 19487: 19464: 19251:New York measles 19205: 19165:Indian swine flu 19153:Odisha hepatitis 19143: 19097:Pakistani dengue 19049:Pakistani dengue 18998: 18964:Wrocław smallpox 18917:Hong Kong plague 18851:Caragea's plague 18829: 18828: 18746: 18639:Mexican smallpox 18623: 18622: 18575:Plague of Sheroe 18530:Plague of Athens 18525: 18522: 18505: 18504: 18466: 18459: 18452: 18443: 18442: 18429: 18419: 18418: 18387: 18386: 18354: 18353: 18322: 18321: 18284: 18283: 18243: 18130: 18129: 18084: 18074: 18064: 18056: 18051:Executive Orders 18046: 18036: 18026: 17867: 17793:Zaire ebolavirus 17765:Sudan ebolavirus 17588: 17587: 17564: 17557: 17550: 17541: 17540: 17534: 17533: 17531: 17529: 17511: 17505: 17500: 17499: 17497: 17495: 17490:on 24 April 2015 17486:. 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Inside Justice 15483: 15477: 15476: 15474: 15472: 15467:. 28 August 2014 15457: 15451: 15450: 15448: 15446: 15441:on 8 August 2014 15431: 15425: 15424: 15422: 15420: 15405: 15399: 15398: 15396: 15394: 15379: 15373: 15372: 15370: 15368: 15357: 15351: 15350: 15338: 15332: 15331: 15329: 15327: 15312: 15306: 15305: 15303: 15301: 15286: 15280: 15279: 15277: 15275: 15264: 15258: 15257: 15255: 15253: 15238: 15232: 15231: 15229: 15227: 15216: 15210: 15209: 15207: 15205: 15194: 15188: 15187: 15185: 15183: 15169: 15161: 15155: 15154: 15152: 15150: 15139: 15133: 15132: 15130: 15128: 15109: 15103: 15102: 15100: 15098: 15086: 15080: 15079: 15077: 15075: 15070:. Business Ghana 15064: 15058: 15057: 15055: 15053: 15039: 15032: 15026: 15025: 15023: 15021: 15016:on 18 April 2015 15006: 15000: 14999: 14997: 14995: 14980: 14974: 14973: 14971: 14969: 14958: 14952: 14951: 14949: 14947: 14932: 14926: 14925: 14923: 14921: 14909: 14903: 14902: 14900: 14898: 14883: 14877: 14876: 14874: 14872: 14861: 14855: 14854: 14852: 14850: 14834: 14828: 14827: 14825: 14823: 14807: 14801: 14800: 14798: 14796: 14781: 14775: 14774: 14772: 14770: 14759: 14753: 14752: 14750: 14748: 14733: 14727: 14726: 14724: 14722: 14713:. Archived from 14702: 14696: 14695: 14693: 14691: 14680: 14674: 14673: 14671: 14669: 14654: 14648: 14647: 14645: 14643: 14628: 14622: 14621: 14619: 14617: 14601: 14595: 14594: 14592: 14590: 14579: 14573: 14572: 14570: 14568: 14549: 14543: 14542: 14540: 14538: 14533:. 15 August 2014 14523: 14514: 14513: 14511: 14509: 14497: 14491: 14490: 14488: 14486: 14471: 14465: 14464: 14462: 14460: 14445: 14439: 14438: 14428: 14410: 14378: 14369: 14368: 14358: 14326: 14320: 14319: 14308: 14302: 14301: 14299: 14297: 14292:on 18 March 2015 14282: 14276: 14275: 14273: 14271: 14256: 14250: 14249: 14247: 14245: 14230: 14224: 14223: 14189: 14180: 14174: 14173: 14171: 14169: 14154: 14148: 14147: 14145: 14143: 14132: 14126: 14125: 14115: 14100:Eurosurveillance 14091: 14085: 14084: 14082: 14080: 14075:. Science (news) 14068: 14062: 14061: 14059: 14057: 14051: 14043: 14037: 14036: 14008: 14002: 14001: 13991: 13981: 13963: 13939: 13933: 13932: 13930: 13928: 13913: 13907: 13906: 13904: 13902: 13890: 13884: 13883: 13881: 13879: 13864: 13858: 13857: 13855: 13853: 13838: 13832: 13831: 13829: 13827: 13811: 13805: 13804: 13802: 13800: 13789: 13783: 13782: 13772: 13754: 13721: 13715: 13714: 13712: 13710: 13695: 13689: 13688: 13686: 13684: 13669: 13663: 13662: 13660: 13658: 13647: 13641: 13640: 13633: 13627: 13626: 13624: 13622: 13607: 13601: 13600: 13598: 13596: 13581: 13575: 13574: 13572: 13570: 13555: 13549: 13548: 13530: 13498: 13492: 13491: 13489: 13487: 13472: 13466: 13465: 13455: 13423: 13414: 13413: 13405: 13399: 13398: 13388: 13355: 13349: 13348: 13336: 13330: 13329: 13319: 13287: 13281: 13280: 13270: 13229: 13223: 13222: 13220: 13218: 13207: 13201: 13200: 13198: 13196: 13180: 13174: 13173: 13166: 13160: 13159: 13149: 13139: 13137:10.3390/v4091668 13115: 13109: 13108: 13098: 13066: 13060: 13059: 13057: 13055: 13044: 13038: 13037: 13035: 13033: 13021: 13015: 13014: 13012: 13010: 13004: 12996: 12990: 12989: 12987: 12985: 12969: 12963: 12962: 12960: 12958: 12947: 12941: 12940: 12930: 12912: 12895:(12): e0145167. 12880: 12874: 12873: 12871: 12869: 12854: 12848: 12847: 12845: 12843: 12828: 12822: 12821: 12819: 12817: 12802: 12796: 12795: 12793: 12791: 12780: 12774: 12773: 12771: 12769: 12758: 12752: 12751: 12749: 12747: 12742:on 20 April 2014 12732: 12726: 12725: 12723: 12721: 12710: 12704: 12703: 12701: 12699: 12688: 12682: 12681: 12679: 12677: 12662: 12656: 12655: 12653: 12651: 12640: 12634: 12633: 12631: 12629: 12618: 12612: 12611: 12609: 12607: 12598:. Archived from 12588: 12582: 12581: 12579: 12577: 12572:. 7 October 2015 12562: 12556: 12555: 12553: 12551: 12545: 12537: 12531: 12530: 12528: 12526: 12514: 12508: 12507: 12505: 12503: 12497: 12489: 12478: 12477: 12475: 12473: 12462: 12456: 12455: 12453: 12451: 12439: 12433: 12432: 12430: 12428: 12417: 12411: 12410: 12408: 12406: 12391: 12382: 12381: 12379: 12377: 12361: 12352: 12351: 12349: 12347: 12332: 12326: 12325: 12323: 12321: 12310: 12304: 12303: 12301: 12299: 12284: 12278: 12277: 12275: 12267: 12261: 12260: 12250: 12226: 12220: 12219: 12217: 12215: 12200: 12194: 12193: 12191: 12189: 12170: 12164: 12163: 12161: 12159: 12148: 12142: 12141: 12131: 12107: 12101: 12100: 12098: 12096: 12081: 12075: 12074: 12072: 12070: 12059: 12053: 12052: 12050: 12048: 12033: 12022: 12021: 11996:(9): 1341–1350. 11985: 11979: 11978: 11968: 11936: 11925: 11924: 11901: 11895: 11894: 11892: 11890: 11879: 11873: 11872: 11870: 11868: 11859:. Archived from 11852: 11846: 11845: 11835: 11803: 11797: 11796: 11794: 11792: 11781: 11772: 11771: 11769: 11767: 11755: 11749: 11748: 11746: 11744: 11731: 11699: 11693: 11692: 11690: 11688: 11677: 11671: 11670: 11668: 11666: 11651: 11645: 11644: 11642: 11640: 11625: 11619: 11618: 11616: 11614: 11599: 11593: 11592: 11590: 11588: 11577: 11571: 11570: 11568: 11566: 11555: 11549: 11548: 11546: 11544: 11529: 11523: 11522: 11520: 11518: 11513:. 7 October 2014 11503: 11497: 11488: 11479: 11478: 11476: 11474: 11463: 11457: 11456: 11454: 11452: 11447: 11438: 11432: 11431: 11429: 11427: 11421: 11414: 11406: 11400: 11399: 11397: 11395: 11389: 11381: 11375: 11374: 11372: 11370: 11355: 11349: 11348: 11346: 11344: 11333: 11327: 11326: 11324: 11322: 11311: 11305: 11304: 11302: 11300: 11289: 11280: 11279: 11277: 11275: 11263: 11257: 11256: 11254: 11252: 11238: 11232: 11231: 11229: 11227: 11216: 11210: 11209: 11207: 11205: 11190: 11184: 11178: 11172: 11163: 11157: 11156: 11150: 11142: 11132: 11100: 11094: 11093: 11083: 11073: 11064:(12): e0004260. 11049: 11043: 11042: 11040: 11038: 11023: 11017: 11016: 11014: 11012: 10997: 10991: 10990: 10988: 10986: 10976: 10968: 10962: 10961: 10943: 10919: 10913: 10912: 10910: 10908: 10897: 10891: 10890: 10888: 10886: 10871: 10865: 10864: 10862: 10860: 10845: 10839: 10838: 10836: 10834: 10819: 10813: 10812: 10800: 10794: 10793: 10791: 10789: 10778: 10772: 10771: 10765: 10757: 10747: 10715: 10709: 10708: 10706: 10704: 10688: 10682: 10681: 10679: 10677: 10666: 10660: 10659: 10657: 10655: 10644: 10638: 10637: 10627: 10594: 10588: 10587: 10585: 10583: 10568: 10557: 10556: 10554: 10552: 10541: 10532: 10531: 10529: 10527: 10516: 10510: 10509: 10499: 10459: 10453: 10452: 10450: 10448: 10435: 10403: 10397: 10396: 10390: 10388: 10371: 10365: 10364: 10362: 10360: 10345: 10339: 10338: 10336: 10334: 10323: 10317: 10316: 10314: 10312: 10301: 10295: 10294: 10292: 10290: 10284: 10276: 10267: 10266: 10256: 10224: 10218: 10217: 10207: 10174: 10168: 10167: 10165: 10163: 10158:on 10 April 2016 10144: 10138: 10137: 10135: 10133: 10119: 10113: 10112: 10102: 10069: 10063: 10062: 10060: 10058: 10047: 10041: 10040: 10038: 10036: 10025: 10019: 10018: 10016: 10014: 9973: 9967: 9966: 9956: 9924: 9918: 9917: 9907: 9870: 9864: 9863: 9861: 9859: 9848: 9842: 9841: 9831: 9782: 9773: 9772: 9762: 9714: 9705: 9704: 9690: 9657: 9651: 9650: 9640: 9606: 9600: 9599: 9589: 9579: 9555: 9549: 9548: 9538: 9514: 9508: 9507: 9497: 9480:(5): 2345–2355. 9465: 9459: 9458: 9456: 9454: 9439: 9433: 9432: 9422: 9412: 9379: 9373: 9372: 9370: 9368: 9357: 9351: 9350: 9348: 9346: 9334: 9328: 9327: 9317: 9285: 9279: 9278: 9268: 9251:(7): 1176–1182. 9236: 9230: 9229: 9219: 9186: 9180: 9179: 9169: 9124: 9113: 9112: 9110: 9108: 9102: 9094: 9088: 9087: 9085: 9083: 9068: 9062: 9061: 9059: 9057: 9042: 9036: 9035: 9033: 9031: 9016: 9007: 9006: 9004: 9002: 8987: 8981: 8980: 8978: 8976: 8961: 8955: 8954: 8952: 8950: 8939: 8933: 8932: 8930: 8928: 8917: 8911: 8910: 8908: 8906: 8895: 8889: 8888: 8886: 8884: 8869: 8863: 8862: 8860: 8858: 8853:. 2 January 2015 8851:Deccan Chronicle 8843: 8837: 8836: 8834: 8832: 8821: 8815: 8814: 8812: 8810: 8795: 8789: 8788: 8786: 8784: 8773: 8767: 8766: 8764: 8762: 8751: 8745: 8744: 8742: 8740: 8725: 8719: 8718: 8716: 8714: 8699: 8693: 8692: 8690: 8688: 8673: 8667: 8666: 8664: 8662: 8651: 8645: 8644: 8642: 8640: 8625: 8619: 8618: 8616: 8614: 8599: 8593: 8592: 8590: 8588: 8577: 8571: 8570: 8568: 8566: 8552: 8544: 8538: 8537: 8535: 8533: 8522: 8516: 8515: 8513: 8511: 8496: 8490: 8489: 8487: 8485: 8470: 8464: 8463: 8461: 8459: 8445: 8439: 8438: 8436: 8434: 8419: 8413: 8412: 8410: 8408: 8397: 8391: 8385: 8379: 8378: 8376: 8374: 8359: 8353: 8352: 8350: 8348: 8333: 8327: 8326: 8324: 8322: 8307: 8301: 8300: 8288: 8282: 8281: 8279: 8277: 8266: 8260: 8259: 8257: 8255: 8244: 8238: 8237: 8235: 8233: 8218: 8212: 8211: 8209: 8207: 8195: 8189: 8188: 8186: 8184: 8179:. 9 October 2015 8169: 8163: 8162: 8160: 8158: 8143: 8137: 8136: 8134: 8132: 8116: 8110: 8109: 8107: 8105: 8090: 8084: 8083: 8081: 8079: 8064: 8058: 8057: 8055: 8053: 8038: 8032: 8031: 8029: 8027: 8012: 8006: 8005: 8003: 8001: 7986: 7980: 7979: 7977: 7975: 7960: 7954: 7953: 7951: 7949: 7935: 7929: 7928: 7926: 7924: 7909: 7903: 7902: 7884: 7860: 7854: 7853: 7851: 7849: 7834: 7828: 7827: 7825: 7823: 7808: 7802: 7801: 7799: 7797: 7786: 7780: 7779: 7777: 7775: 7763: 7757: 7756: 7754: 7752: 7746: 7738: 7732: 7731: 7729: 7727: 7718:. Archived from 7716:Business Insider 7708: 7702: 7701: 7699: 7697: 7682: 7671: 7670: 7668: 7666: 7661:. Bloomberg News 7654: 7648: 7647: 7645: 7643: 7628: 7622: 7621: 7619: 7617: 7602: 7596: 7595: 7593: 7591: 7576: 7570: 7569: 7567: 7565: 7550: 7544: 7543: 7541: 7539: 7524: 7518: 7517: 7515: 7513: 7499: 7493: 7492: 7490: 7488: 7483:on 24 April 2016 7469: 7463: 7462: 7460: 7458: 7443: 7437: 7436: 7434: 7432: 7417: 7411: 7410: 7408: 7406: 7391: 7385: 7384: 7382: 7380: 7365: 7359: 7358: 7356: 7354: 7343: 7337: 7336: 7334: 7332: 7318: 7312: 7311: 7309: 7307: 7296: 7290: 7289: 7287: 7285: 7270: 7264: 7263: 7261: 7259: 7244: 7238: 7237: 7235: 7233: 7222: 7216: 7215: 7213: 7211: 7196: 7190: 7189: 7178: 7172: 7161: 7155: 7154: 7142: 7136: 7135: 7133: 7131: 7116: 7110: 7099: 7093: 7092: 7090: 7088: 7076: 7070: 7069: 7058: 7052: 7051: 7040: 7034: 7033: 7031: 7029: 7014: 7008: 7007: 6995: 6989: 6988: 6986: 6984: 6969: 6963: 6962: 6960: 6958: 6947: 6941: 6940: 6938: 6936: 6922: 6916: 6915: 6913: 6911: 6900: 6894: 6893: 6891: 6889: 6884:on 30 March 2015 6874: 6868: 6867: 6865: 6863: 6848: 6842: 6841: 6839: 6837: 6832:on 14 April 2021 6828:. Archived from 6817: 6811: 6810: 6808: 6806: 6791: 6785: 6784: 6782: 6780: 6765: 6759: 6758: 6756: 6754: 6748: 6741: 6733: 6727: 6726: 6724: 6722: 6717:. 8 October 2014 6707: 6701: 6700: 6698: 6696: 6684: 6675: 6674: 6672: 6670: 6655: 6649: 6648: 6646: 6644: 6629: 6623: 6622: 6620: 6618: 6613:on 8 August 2014 6602: 6596: 6595: 6593: 6591: 6576: 6570: 6569: 6567: 6565: 6550: 6544: 6543: 6541: 6539: 6528: 6522: 6521: 6519: 6517: 6506: 6500: 6499: 6497: 6495: 6484: 6478: 6477: 6475: 6473: 6458: 6452: 6451: 6449: 6447: 6432: 6426: 6425: 6423: 6421: 6407: 6401: 6400: 6398: 6396: 6385: 6379: 6378: 6376: 6374: 6363: 6357: 6356: 6354: 6352: 6337: 6331: 6330: 6319: 6313: 6312: 6305: 6299: 6298: 6287: 6281: 6280: 6278: 6276: 6261: 6255: 6254: 6252: 6250: 6235: 6229: 6228: 6226: 6224: 6213: 6207: 6206: 6204: 6202: 6187: 6178: 6177: 6175: 6173: 6162: 6153: 6152: 6150: 6148: 6133: 6127: 6126: 6124: 6122: 6111: 6105: 6095: 6089: 6088: 6086: 6084: 6069: 6063: 6062: 6060: 6058: 6043: 6037: 6036: 6034: 6032: 6021: 6015: 6014: 6012: 6010: 5999: 5993: 5992: 5990: 5988: 5973: 5967: 5966: 5964: 5962: 5947: 5941: 5940: 5938: 5936: 5921: 5915: 5914: 5912: 5910: 5905:. 8 January 2015 5895: 5889: 5888: 5886: 5884: 5878: 5871: 5863: 5857: 5856: 5854: 5852: 5837: 5831: 5830: 5828: 5826: 5820: 5813: 5805: 5794: 5793: 5791: 5789: 5774: 5768: 5767: 5765: 5763: 5748: 5742: 5741: 5739: 5737: 5725: 5719: 5718: 5716: 5714: 5703: 5697: 5696: 5694: 5692: 5677: 5671: 5670: 5668: 5666: 5647: 5641: 5640: 5638: 5636: 5625: 5619: 5618: 5616: 5614: 5603: 5594: 5593: 5583: 5550: 5541: 5540: 5530: 5498: 5492: 5491: 5489: 5487: 5473: 5467: 5466: 5464: 5462: 5447: 5441: 5440: 5430: 5398: 5392: 5391: 5389: 5387: 5376: 5370: 5369: 5367: 5365: 5350: 5344: 5343: 5341: 5339: 5328: 5322: 5321: 5319: 5317: 5303: 5297: 5296: 5294: 5292: 5287:on 26 March 2016 5277: 5271: 5270: 5268: 5266: 5255: 5249: 5248: 5246: 5244: 5229: 5223: 5222: 5220: 5218: 5203: 5197: 5196: 5195:. 17 March 2016. 5185: 5179: 5178: 5176: 5174: 5163: 5157: 5156: 5154: 5152: 5137: 5131: 5130: 5128: 5126: 5111: 5105: 5104: 5093: 5087: 5086: 5084: 5082: 5067: 5061: 5060: 5058: 5056: 5041: 5035: 5034: 5032: 5030: 5007: 5001: 5000: 4998: 4990: 4984: 4983: 4981: 4979: 4964: 4958: 4957: 4955: 4953: 4942: 4936: 4935: 4933: 4931: 4920: 4914: 4913: 4911: 4909: 4894: 4888: 4887: 4875: 4869: 4868: 4866: 4864: 4849: 4840: 4839: 4837: 4835: 4820: 4814: 4813: 4811: 4809: 4798: 4792: 4791: 4789: 4787: 4776: 4767: 4766: 4764: 4762: 4747: 4741: 4740: 4738: 4736: 4731:. UN News Center 4725: 4719: 4718: 4716: 4714: 4703: 4697: 4696: 4694: 4692: 4678: 4672: 4671: 4669: 4667: 4662:. 7 October 2015 4652: 4646: 4645: 4643: 4641: 4630: 4619: 4618: 4616: 4614: 4608: 4600: 4594: 4593: 4591: 4589: 4574: 4568: 4567: 4565: 4563: 4552: 4546: 4545: 4543: 4541: 4535: 4527: 4518: 4517: 4515: 4513: 4498: 4489: 4488: 4486: 4484: 4469: 4463: 4462: 4460: 4458: 4443: 4434: 4433: 4431: 4429: 4414: 4408: 4407: 4405: 4403: 4388: 4382: 4381: 4379: 4377: 4366: 4351: 4350: 4348: 4346: 4331: 4325: 4324: 4322: 4320: 4305: 4296: 4295: 4277: 4253: 4242: 4241: 4239: 4237: 4222: 4216: 4215: 4213: 4211: 4196: 4190: 4189: 4184: 4182: 4167: 4158: 4157: 4155: 4153: 4142: 4133: 4132: 4130: 4128: 4113: 4104: 4103: 4101: 4099: 4084: 4075: 4074: 4072: 4070: 4056: 4050: 4049: 4047: 4045: 4039: 4031: 4025: 4024: 4014: 3982: 3976: 3975: 3973: 3971: 3960: 3951: 3950: 3948: 3946: 3935: 3926: 3925: 3918: 3909: 3908: 3898: 3874: 3865: 3864: 3862: 3860: 3845: 3839: 3838: 3836: 3834: 3828: 3819: 3813: 3812: 3810: 3808: 3793: 3782: 3781: 3779: 3777: 3766: 3760: 3759: 3757: 3755: 3744: 3735: 3734: 3732: 3730: 3725:on 8 August 2014 3715: 3709: 3708: 3706: 3704: 3689: 3683: 3682: 3658: 3647: 3646: 3644: 3642: 3631: 3625: 3624: 3622: 3620: 3608: 3602: 3601: 3599: 3597: 3582: 3571: 3570: 3568: 3566: 3551: 3545: 3544: 3539: 3537: 3531: 3524: 3516: 3503: 3502: 3500: 3498: 3492: 3484: 3478: 3477: 3475: 3473: 3467: 3459: 3453: 3452: 3450: 3448: 3431: 3425: 3424: 3422: 3420: 3400: 3394: 3393: 3391: 3389: 3378: 3369: 3368: 3355: 3321: 3304: 3303: 3301: 3299: 3284: 3278: 3277: 3275: 3273: 3262: 3256: 3255: 3253: 3251: 3240: 3231: 3230: 3229:on 26 July 2015. 3219: 3213: 3212: 3210: 3208: 3193: 3187: 3186: 3184: 3182: 3176: 3168: 3162: 3161: 3159: 3157: 3151: 3143: 3130: 3129: 3127: 3125: 3110: 3104: 3103: 3101: 3099: 3094:on 18 March 2016 3084: 3078: 3077: 3075: 3073: 3061: 3052: 3051: 3049: 3047: 3038:. Archived from 3032: 3023: 3005: 2981: 2970:reviewer reports 2959: 2944: 2941: 2935: 2932: 2926: 2923: 2917: 2916:number of cases. 2913: 2891: 2886: 2885: 2800:Notable patients 2516:14 December 2014 2461:29 December 2014 2321: 2317: 2205:11 November 2015 2174:25 November 2015 2112:23 December 2015 2032: 2027: 1989:Associated Press 1958:Criticism of WHO 1836:cordon sanitaire 1776:Economic effects 1688:Calculating the 1670:ring vaccination 1344: 1317:cordon sanitaire 690:who had gone to 677:Bombali District 657:President Koroma 590:ring vaccination 418: 412: 406: 400: 254: 236: 218: 200: 182: 164: 146: 128: 110: 92: 64: 63: 42: 35: 31: 21: 23631: 23630: 23626: 23625: 23624: 23622: 23621: 23620: 23616:2010s in Africa 23601:Ebola outbreaks 23486: 23485: 23484: 23472: 23462: 23460: 23450: 23448: 23438: 23436: 23428: 23426: 23421: 23420: 23415: 23402: 23395: 23382: 23329: 23233: 23202: 23162: 23116:Law enforcement 23054: 23035:Protected areas 23002: 22991: 22977:2002 to present 22926: 22920: 22890: 22885: 22872: 22865: 22858: 22845: 22821:Public holidays 22758: 22725: 22724: 22710: 22522: 22491: 22433: 22373:Law enforcement 22297: 22216:Adamawa Plateau 22194: 22190:Fourth Republic 22178:Second Republic 22119: 22031: 22030: 22006: 21997: 21967: 21962: 21949: 21942: 21935: 21922: 21918:Public holidays 21869: 21793: 21752: 21718:Law enforcement 21669: 21600: 21561:Mali Federation 21487: 21478: 21448: 21443: 21430: 21423: 21416: 21403: 21350: 21331:Public holidays 21264: 21238: 21200: 21081: 21019: 20946: 20937: 20907: 20902: 20889: 20882: 20875: 20862: 20809: 20753: 20727: 20689: 20611: 20597:Protected areas 20554: 20488:Rivières du Sud 20444: 20435: 20400: 20392: 20387: 20376: 20369: 20328: 20297: 20251: 20240:Sphere Handbook 20212: 20206: 20125: 20054: 20025:MacKenzie Scott 20000:Jemilah Mahmood 19990:Winnie Byanyima 19963: 19916: 19885: 19859: 19768: 19730: 19686: 19676: 19640:reform attempts 19639: 19633: 19609: 19568: 19555: 19541:Humanitarianism 19520: 19515: 19485: 19480: 19317: 19200: 19138: 19121:Swansea measles 19073:Bolivian dengue 19001: 18993: 18982:Indian smallpox 18952:Croydon typhoid 18922: 18814: 18755: 18741: 18676: 18617: 18610: 18581:Plague of Amwas 18554: 18547: 18536:Antonine Plague 18523: 18496: 18483: 18470: 18440: 18435: 18403: 18370: 18337: 18305: 18267: 18246: 18241: 18230:Popular culture 18225: 18204:Drug candidates 18199: 18169: 18113: 18087: 18082: 18072: 18062: 18054: 18044: 18034: 18023:Richard Preston 18020: 18008:Popular culture 18002: 17986:Matthew Lukwiya 17981:Sheik Umar Khan 17917: 17894: 17808:Drug candidates 17803: 17726: 17720:2021 North Kivu 17660:in Sierra Leone 17575: 17568: 17538: 17537: 17527: 17525: 17513: 17512: 17508: 17493: 17491: 17474: 17473: 17469: 17454: 17452: 17435: 17434: 17430: 17425: 17412: 17410: 17409:on 12 June 2018 17397: 17394: 17385: 17383: 17379: 17370: 17368: 17363: 17354: 17352: 17343: 17334: 17332: 17327: 17318: 17316: 17315:. healthmap.org 17311: 17302: 17300: 17291: 17282: 17280: 17275: 17266: 17264: 17255: 17246: 17244: 17243:on 17 June 2016 17231: 17227: 17226: 17225: 17207: 17203: 17198: 17193: 16945: 16943: 16935: 16931: 16871: 16869: 16859: 16845: 16836: 16834: 16829: 16667: 16665:Further reading 16662: 16661: 16651: 16649: 16642: 16638: 16628: 16626: 16617: 16616: 16612: 16602: 16600: 16590: 16586: 16576: 16574: 16565: 16561: 16551: 16549: 16537: 16533: 16523: 16521: 16512: 16511: 16507: 16497: 16495: 16490: 16489: 16485: 16475: 16473: 16468: 16467: 16463: 16452: 16448: 16438: 16436: 16431: 16430: 16426: 16416: 16414: 16405: 16404: 16400: 16390: 16388: 16384: 16380: 16379: 16375: 16365: 16363: 16359: 16355: 16354: 16350: 16340: 16338: 16329: 16328: 16324: 16314: 16312: 16303: 16302: 16298: 16288: 16286: 16274: 16270: 16260: 16258: 16254: 16250: 16249: 16245: 16235: 16233: 16229: 16225: 16224: 16220: 16210: 16208: 16198: 16194: 16184: 16182: 16173: 16172: 16168: 16158: 16156: 16147: 16146: 16142: 16132: 16130: 16121: 16120: 16116: 16106: 16104: 16099: 16098: 16094: 16041: 16037: 16027: 16025: 16016: 16015: 16011: 16001: 15999: 15994: 15993: 15989: 15939: 15932: 15922: 15920: 15915: 15914: 15910: 15900: 15898: 15888: 15884: 15874: 15872: 15864: 15863: 15859: 15849: 15847: 15837: 15833: 15823: 15821: 15812: 15811: 15807: 15797: 15795: 15786: 15785: 15781: 15771: 15769: 15762: 15758: 15748: 15746: 15736: 15732: 15719: 15715: 15705: 15703: 15694: 15693: 15689: 15682: 15664:Shinn, David H. 15661: 15657: 15647: 15645: 15635: 15631: 15621: 15619: 15610: 15609: 15605: 15595: 15593: 15588: 15587: 15583: 15573: 15571: 15567: 15563: 15562: 15555: 15545: 15543: 15534: 15533: 15529: 15519: 15517: 15508: 15507: 15503: 15493: 15491: 15484: 15480: 15470: 15468: 15459: 15458: 15454: 15444: 15442: 15433: 15432: 15428: 15418: 15416: 15407: 15406: 15402: 15392: 15390: 15387:The Irish Times 15381: 15380: 15376: 15366: 15364: 15359: 15358: 15354: 15339: 15335: 15325: 15323: 15322:on 11 July 2015 15314: 15313: 15309: 15299: 15297: 15287: 15283: 15273: 15271: 15266: 15265: 15261: 15251: 15249: 15239: 15235: 15225: 15223: 15222:. allAfrica.com 15218: 15217: 15213: 15203: 15201: 15196: 15195: 15191: 15181: 15179: 15162: 15158: 15148: 15146: 15141: 15140: 15136: 15126: 15124: 15111: 15110: 15106: 15096: 15094: 15087: 15083: 15073: 15071: 15066: 15065: 15061: 15051: 15049: 15034: 15033: 15029: 15019: 15017: 15008: 15007: 15003: 14993: 14991: 14982: 14981: 14977: 14967: 14965: 14960: 14959: 14955: 14945: 14943: 14934: 14933: 14929: 14919: 14917: 14910: 14906: 14896: 14894: 14893:. 29 March 2015 14885: 14884: 14880: 14870: 14868: 14863: 14862: 14858: 14848: 14846: 14835: 14831: 14821: 14819: 14818:on 2 April 2015 14808: 14804: 14794: 14792: 14782: 14778: 14768: 14766: 14761: 14760: 14756: 14746: 14744: 14735: 14734: 14730: 14720: 14718: 14717:on 6 March 2016 14703: 14699: 14689: 14687: 14686:. allAfrica.com 14682: 14681: 14677: 14667: 14665: 14656: 14655: 14651: 14641: 14639: 14630: 14629: 14625: 14615: 14613: 14602: 14598: 14588: 14586: 14581: 14580: 14576: 14566: 14564: 14551: 14550: 14546: 14536: 14534: 14525: 14524: 14517: 14507: 14505: 14504:. allAfrica.com 14498: 14494: 14484: 14482: 14473: 14472: 14468: 14458: 14456: 14446: 14442: 14393:(9): e0137208. 14379: 14372: 14327: 14323: 14310: 14309: 14305: 14295: 14293: 14284: 14283: 14279: 14269: 14267: 14257: 14253: 14243: 14241: 14232: 14231: 14227: 14187: 14181: 14177: 14167: 14165: 14155: 14151: 14141: 14139: 14134: 14133: 14129: 14092: 14088: 14078: 14076: 14069: 14065: 14055: 14053: 14049: 14045: 14044: 14040: 14009: 14005: 13940: 13936: 13926: 13924: 13915: 13914: 13910: 13900: 13898: 13891: 13887: 13877: 13875: 13866: 13865: 13861: 13851: 13849: 13840: 13839: 13835: 13825: 13823: 13812: 13808: 13798: 13796: 13791: 13790: 13786: 13737:(1): e0147172. 13722: 13718: 13708: 13706: 13697: 13696: 13692: 13682: 13680: 13671: 13670: 13666: 13656: 13654: 13649: 13648: 13644: 13635: 13634: 13630: 13620: 13618: 13608: 13604: 13594: 13592: 13582: 13578: 13568: 13566: 13565:on 31 July 2015 13557: 13556: 13552: 13503:Dean, Natalie E 13499: 13495: 13485: 13483: 13474: 13473: 13469: 13438:(5–6): 125–38. 13424: 13417: 13406: 13402: 13371:(12): 1249–55. 13356: 13352: 13337: 13333: 13296:Curr Opin Virol 13288: 13284: 13230: 13226: 13216: 13214: 13209: 13208: 13204: 13194: 13192: 13189:The Independent 13181: 13177: 13168: 13167: 13163: 13116: 13112: 13067: 13063: 13053: 13051: 13046: 13045: 13041: 13031: 13029: 13022: 13018: 13008: 13006: 13002: 12998: 12997: 12993: 12983: 12981: 12970: 12966: 12956: 12954: 12949: 12948: 12944: 12881: 12877: 12867: 12865: 12855: 12851: 12841: 12839: 12830: 12829: 12825: 12815: 12813: 12804: 12803: 12799: 12789: 12787: 12782: 12781: 12777: 12767: 12765: 12760: 12759: 12755: 12745: 12743: 12734: 12733: 12729: 12719: 12717: 12712: 12711: 12707: 12697: 12695: 12690: 12689: 12685: 12675: 12673: 12664: 12663: 12659: 12649: 12647: 12642: 12641: 12637: 12627: 12625: 12620: 12619: 12615: 12605: 12603: 12590: 12589: 12585: 12575: 12573: 12564: 12563: 12559: 12549: 12547: 12543: 12539: 12538: 12534: 12524: 12522: 12515: 12511: 12501: 12499: 12495: 12491: 12490: 12481: 12471: 12469: 12464: 12463: 12459: 12449: 12447: 12446:. Common Dreams 12440: 12436: 12426: 12424: 12419: 12418: 12414: 12404: 12402: 12392: 12385: 12375: 12373: 12370:The Independent 12362: 12355: 12345: 12343: 12333: 12329: 12319: 12317: 12312: 12311: 12307: 12297: 12295: 12286: 12285: 12281: 12273: 12269: 12268: 12264: 12227: 12223: 12213: 12211: 12202: 12201: 12197: 12187: 12185: 12178:The Japan Times 12172: 12171: 12167: 12157: 12155: 12150: 12149: 12145: 12108: 12104: 12094: 12092: 12082: 12078: 12068: 12066: 12061: 12060: 12056: 12046: 12044: 12034: 12025: 11986: 11982: 11937: 11928: 11921: 11902: 11898: 11888: 11886: 11881: 11880: 11876: 11866: 11864: 11853: 11849: 11804: 11800: 11790: 11788: 11783: 11782: 11775: 11765: 11763: 11760:and Doffing PPE 11757: 11756: 11752: 11742: 11740: 11714:(11): 2402–10. 11700: 11696: 11686: 11684: 11679: 11678: 11674: 11664: 11662: 11653: 11652: 11648: 11638: 11636: 11626: 11622: 11612: 11610: 11601: 11600: 11596: 11586: 11584: 11579: 11578: 11574: 11564: 11562: 11557: 11556: 11552: 11542: 11540: 11531: 11530: 11526: 11516: 11514: 11505: 11504: 11500: 11489: 11482: 11472: 11470: 11465: 11464: 11460: 11450: 11448: 11445: 11439: 11435: 11425: 11423: 11419: 11412: 11408: 11407: 11403: 11393: 11391: 11387: 11383: 11382: 11378: 11368: 11366: 11357: 11356: 11352: 11342: 11340: 11335: 11334: 11330: 11320: 11318: 11313: 11312: 11308: 11298: 11296: 11291: 11290: 11283: 11273: 11271: 11270:. Common Dreams 11264: 11260: 11250: 11248: 11240: 11239: 11235: 11225: 11223: 11218: 11217: 11213: 11203: 11201: 11191: 11187: 11179: 11175: 11169:Huffington Post 11164: 11160: 11144: 11143: 11115:(Suppl 1): 17. 11101: 11097: 11050: 11046: 11036: 11034: 11025: 11024: 11020: 11010: 11008: 10999: 10998: 10994: 10984: 10982: 10974: 10970: 10969: 10965: 10920: 10916: 10906: 10904: 10899: 10898: 10894: 10884: 10882: 10873: 10872: 10868: 10858: 10856: 10847: 10846: 10842: 10832: 10830: 10820: 10816: 10801: 10797: 10787: 10785: 10780: 10779: 10775: 10759: 10758: 10730:(Suppl 1): 24. 10716: 10712: 10702: 10700: 10699:on 3 April 2014 10689: 10685: 10675: 10673: 10668: 10667: 10663: 10653: 10651: 10646: 10645: 10641: 10595: 10591: 10581: 10579: 10570: 10569: 10560: 10550: 10548: 10543: 10542: 10535: 10525: 10523: 10518: 10517: 10513: 10460: 10456: 10446: 10444: 10433:10.1038/516154a 10404: 10400: 10386: 10384: 10373: 10372: 10368: 10358: 10356: 10347: 10346: 10342: 10332: 10330: 10325: 10324: 10320: 10310: 10308: 10305:Contact tracing 10303: 10302: 10298: 10288: 10286: 10282: 10278: 10277: 10270: 10225: 10221: 10175: 10171: 10161: 10159: 10146: 10145: 10141: 10131: 10129: 10127:Popular Science 10121: 10120: 10116: 10070: 10066: 10056: 10054: 10049: 10048: 10044: 10034: 10032: 10027: 10026: 10022: 10012: 10010: 10000: 9974: 9970: 9925: 9921: 9871: 9867: 9857: 9855: 9850: 9849: 9845: 9783: 9776: 9715: 9708: 9658: 9654: 9629: 9607: 9603: 9556: 9552: 9515: 9511: 9466: 9462: 9452: 9450: 9440: 9436: 9380: 9376: 9366: 9364: 9359: 9358: 9354: 9344: 9342: 9335: 9331: 9286: 9282: 9237: 9233: 9187: 9183: 9125: 9116: 9106: 9104: 9100: 9096: 9095: 9091: 9081: 9079: 9070: 9069: 9065: 9055: 9053: 9044: 9043: 9039: 9029: 9027: 9018: 9017: 9010: 9000: 8998: 8997:. 27 March 2015 8989: 8988: 8984: 8974: 8972: 8971:. 16 March 2015 8963: 8962: 8958: 8948: 8946: 8941: 8940: 8936: 8926: 8924: 8919: 8918: 8914: 8904: 8902: 8897: 8896: 8892: 8882: 8880: 8871: 8870: 8866: 8856: 8854: 8845: 8844: 8840: 8830: 8828: 8823: 8822: 8818: 8808: 8806: 8797: 8796: 8792: 8782: 8780: 8775: 8774: 8770: 8760: 8758: 8753: 8752: 8748: 8738: 8736: 8727: 8726: 8722: 8712: 8710: 8700: 8696: 8686: 8684: 8675: 8674: 8670: 8660: 8658: 8653: 8652: 8648: 8638: 8636: 8627: 8626: 8622: 8612: 8610: 8600: 8596: 8586: 8584: 8579: 8578: 8574: 8564: 8562: 8545: 8541: 8531: 8529: 8524: 8523: 8519: 8509: 8507: 8498: 8497: 8493: 8483: 8481: 8472: 8471: 8467: 8457: 8455: 8447: 8446: 8442: 8432: 8430: 8421: 8420: 8416: 8406: 8404: 8399: 8398: 8394: 8386: 8382: 8372: 8370: 8361: 8360: 8356: 8346: 8344: 8335: 8334: 8330: 8320: 8318: 8309: 8308: 8304: 8297:The Independent 8289: 8285: 8275: 8273: 8268: 8267: 8263: 8253: 8251: 8246: 8245: 8241: 8231: 8229: 8220: 8219: 8215: 8205: 8203: 8196: 8192: 8182: 8180: 8171: 8170: 8166: 8156: 8154: 8145: 8144: 8140: 8130: 8128: 8125:The Independent 8117: 8113: 8103: 8101: 8092: 8091: 8087: 8077: 8075: 8066: 8065: 8061: 8051: 8049: 8040: 8039: 8035: 8025: 8023: 8014: 8013: 8009: 7999: 7997: 7988: 7987: 7983: 7973: 7971: 7962: 7961: 7957: 7947: 7945: 7937: 7936: 7932: 7922: 7920: 7911: 7910: 7906: 7861: 7857: 7847: 7845: 7836: 7835: 7831: 7821: 7819: 7810: 7809: 7805: 7795: 7793: 7788: 7787: 7783: 7773: 7771: 7764: 7760: 7750: 7748: 7744: 7740: 7739: 7735: 7725: 7723: 7710: 7709: 7705: 7695: 7693: 7684: 7683: 7674: 7664: 7662: 7655: 7651: 7641: 7639: 7638:on 10 June 2016 7630: 7629: 7625: 7615: 7613: 7603: 7599: 7589: 7587: 7586:on 8 April 2016 7578: 7577: 7573: 7563: 7561: 7560:on 9 April 2016 7552: 7551: 7547: 7537: 7535: 7534:on 8 April 2016 7526: 7525: 7521: 7511: 7509: 7501: 7500: 7496: 7486: 7484: 7471: 7470: 7466: 7456: 7454: 7444: 7440: 7430: 7428: 7419: 7418: 7414: 7404: 7402: 7392: 7388: 7378: 7376: 7367: 7366: 7362: 7352: 7350: 7345: 7344: 7340: 7330: 7328: 7320: 7319: 7315: 7305: 7303: 7298: 7297: 7293: 7283: 7281: 7272: 7271: 7267: 7257: 7255: 7245: 7241: 7231: 7229: 7228:. allAfrica.com 7224: 7223: 7219: 7209: 7207: 7198: 7197: 7193: 7180: 7179: 7175: 7162: 7158: 7143: 7139: 7129: 7127: 7118: 7117: 7113: 7100: 7096: 7086: 7084: 7077: 7073: 7060: 7059: 7055: 7042: 7041: 7037: 7027: 7025: 7015: 7011: 6996: 6992: 6982: 6980: 6971: 6970: 6966: 6956: 6954: 6949: 6948: 6944: 6934: 6932: 6924: 6923: 6919: 6909: 6907: 6906:. allAfrica.com 6902: 6901: 6897: 6887: 6885: 6876: 6875: 6871: 6861: 6859: 6850: 6849: 6845: 6835: 6833: 6818: 6814: 6804: 6802: 6793: 6792: 6788: 6778: 6776: 6766: 6762: 6752: 6750: 6746: 6739: 6735: 6734: 6730: 6720: 6718: 6709: 6708: 6704: 6694: 6692: 6685: 6678: 6668: 6666: 6657: 6656: 6652: 6642: 6640: 6631: 6630: 6626: 6616: 6614: 6603: 6599: 6589: 6587: 6578: 6577: 6573: 6563: 6561: 6552: 6551: 6547: 6537: 6535: 6530: 6529: 6525: 6515: 6513: 6508: 6507: 6503: 6493: 6491: 6486: 6485: 6481: 6471: 6469: 6460: 6459: 6455: 6445: 6443: 6434: 6433: 6429: 6419: 6417: 6409: 6408: 6404: 6394: 6392: 6387: 6386: 6382: 6372: 6370: 6365: 6364: 6360: 6350: 6348: 6339: 6338: 6334: 6321: 6320: 6316: 6307: 6306: 6302: 6289: 6288: 6284: 6274: 6272: 6263: 6262: 6258: 6248: 6246: 6237: 6236: 6232: 6222: 6220: 6215: 6214: 6210: 6200: 6198: 6189: 6188: 6181: 6171: 6169: 6164: 6163: 6156: 6146: 6144: 6135: 6134: 6130: 6120: 6118: 6113: 6112: 6108: 6096: 6092: 6082: 6080: 6070: 6066: 6056: 6054: 6053:on 2 April 2015 6045: 6044: 6040: 6030: 6028: 6023: 6022: 6018: 6008: 6006: 6001: 6000: 5996: 5986: 5984: 5974: 5970: 5960: 5958: 5949: 5948: 5944: 5934: 5932: 5923: 5922: 5918: 5908: 5906: 5897: 5896: 5892: 5882: 5880: 5876: 5869: 5865: 5864: 5860: 5850: 5848: 5839: 5838: 5834: 5824: 5822: 5818: 5811: 5807: 5806: 5797: 5787: 5785: 5775: 5771: 5761: 5759: 5750: 5749: 5745: 5735: 5733: 5726: 5722: 5712: 5710: 5705: 5704: 5700: 5690: 5688: 5679: 5678: 5674: 5664: 5662: 5649: 5648: 5644: 5634: 5632: 5627: 5626: 5622: 5612: 5610: 5605: 5604: 5597: 5551: 5544: 5499: 5495: 5485: 5483: 5475: 5474: 5470: 5460: 5458: 5449: 5448: 5444: 5399: 5395: 5385: 5383: 5378: 5377: 5373: 5363: 5361: 5360:on 1 April 2016 5352: 5351: 5347: 5337: 5335: 5330: 5329: 5325: 5315: 5313: 5305: 5304: 5300: 5290: 5288: 5279: 5278: 5274: 5264: 5262: 5257: 5256: 5252: 5242: 5240: 5231: 5230: 5226: 5216: 5214: 5206:Reilly, Katie. 5204: 5200: 5187: 5186: 5182: 5172: 5170: 5165: 5164: 5160: 5150: 5148: 5138: 5134: 5124: 5122: 5113: 5112: 5108: 5095: 5094: 5090: 5080: 5078: 5069: 5068: 5064: 5054: 5052: 5043: 5042: 5038: 5028: 5026: 5008: 5004: 4996: 4992: 4991: 4987: 4977: 4975: 4966: 4965: 4961: 4951: 4949: 4944: 4943: 4939: 4929: 4927: 4922: 4921: 4917: 4907: 4905: 4896: 4895: 4891: 4876: 4872: 4862: 4860: 4859:. 29 March 2015 4851: 4850: 4843: 4833: 4831: 4822: 4821: 4817: 4807: 4805: 4800: 4799: 4795: 4785: 4783: 4778: 4777: 4770: 4760: 4758: 4749: 4748: 4744: 4734: 4732: 4727: 4726: 4722: 4712: 4710: 4705: 4704: 4700: 4690: 4688: 4680: 4679: 4675: 4665: 4663: 4654: 4653: 4649: 4639: 4637: 4632: 4631: 4622: 4612: 4610: 4606: 4602: 4601: 4597: 4587: 4585: 4576: 4575: 4571: 4561: 4559: 4554: 4553: 4549: 4539: 4537: 4533: 4529: 4528: 4521: 4511: 4509: 4500: 4499: 4492: 4482: 4480: 4471: 4470: 4466: 4456: 4454: 4445: 4444: 4437: 4427: 4425: 4424:on 25 July 2014 4416: 4415: 4411: 4401: 4399: 4390: 4389: 4385: 4375: 4373: 4368: 4367: 4354: 4344: 4342: 4332: 4328: 4318: 4316: 4306: 4299: 4254: 4245: 4235: 4233: 4232:. 17 March 2020 4224: 4223: 4219: 4209: 4207: 4197: 4193: 4180: 4178: 4168: 4161: 4151: 4149: 4144: 4143: 4136: 4126: 4124: 4115: 4114: 4107: 4097: 4095: 4094:on 28 July 2014 4086: 4085: 4078: 4068: 4066: 4058: 4057: 4053: 4043: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4032: 4028: 3983: 3979: 3969: 3967: 3962: 3961: 3954: 3944: 3942: 3937: 3936: 3929: 3920: 3919: 3912: 3875: 3868: 3858: 3856: 3846: 3842: 3832: 3830: 3826: 3820: 3816: 3806: 3804: 3795: 3794: 3785: 3775: 3773: 3768: 3767: 3763: 3753: 3751: 3746: 3745: 3738: 3728: 3726: 3717: 3716: 3712: 3702: 3700: 3690: 3686: 3659: 3650: 3640: 3638: 3633: 3632: 3628: 3618: 3616: 3609: 3605: 3595: 3593: 3584: 3583: 3574: 3564: 3562: 3553: 3552: 3548: 3535: 3533: 3529: 3522: 3518: 3517: 3506: 3496: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3485: 3481: 3471: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3460: 3456: 3446: 3444: 3433: 3432: 3428: 3418: 3416: 3415:on 5 March 2016 3401: 3397: 3387: 3385: 3380: 3379: 3372: 3322: 3307: 3297: 3295: 3285: 3281: 3271: 3269: 3264: 3263: 3259: 3249: 3247: 3242: 3241: 3234: 3221: 3220: 3216: 3206: 3204: 3195: 3194: 3190: 3180: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3169: 3165: 3155: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3144: 3133: 3123: 3121: 3112: 3111: 3107: 3097: 3095: 3086: 3085: 3081: 3071: 3069: 3062: 3055: 3045: 3043: 3034: 3033: 3029: 2983: 2977: 2953: 2948: 2947: 2942: 2938: 2933: 2929: 2924: 2920: 2914: 2910: 2905: 2887: 2880: 2877: 2860:Samuel Brisbane 2812:Sheik Umar Khan 2802: 2792: 2626:12 October 2014 2571:2 November 2014 2327:Aggregate Total 2310: 2303: 2267:11 October 2015 2236:25 October 2015 2143:9 December 2015 2081:14 January 2016 2030: 2026: 2020: 2014: 1960: 1913: 1907: 1798:Financial Times 1778: 1726: 1712: 1705: 1678: 1646: 1640: 1628:clinical trials 1624: 1610: 1570:in the city of 1551: 1522: 1489: 1483: 1404: 1394: 1336: 1334: 1304: 1240: 1234: 1206:Contact tracing 1203: 1186: 1180: 1174: 1148: 1115: 1110: 1104: 1066: 1056: 1035: 1029: 1009:isolation wards 1001: 978: 972: 947: 941: 925: 903: 897: 892: 865: 851: 830: 824: 809:In March 2014, 807: 802: 758:contact tracing 714: 708: 692:Kambia District 670:Kambia District 612: 606: 531: 525: 512: 426:Extreme poverty 420: 416: 414: 410: 408: 404: 402: 398: 390: 384: 379: 45: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 23629: 23619: 23618: 23613: 23608: 23603: 23598: 23593: 23588: 23583: 23578: 23573: 23571:2016 in Africa 23568: 23566:2015 in Africa 23563: 23561:2014 in Africa 23558: 23556:2013 in Africa 23553: 23548: 23543: 23538: 23533: 23528: 23523: 23518: 23513: 23508: 23503: 23498: 23483: 23482: 23470: 23458: 23456:Current events 23446: 23423: 23422: 23417: 23416: 23414: 23413: 23408: 23401: 23400: 23392: 23391: 23388: 23387: 23384: 23383: 23381: 23380: 23375: 23370: 23365: 23360: 23355: 23350: 23345: 23339: 23337: 23331: 23330: 23328: 23327: 23322: 23317: 23312: 23307: 23302: 23297: 23292: 23287: 23282: 23277: 23272: 23267: 23262: 23260:Child marriage 23257: 23251: 23245: 23239: 23238: 23235: 23234: 23232: 23231: 23226: 23221: 23216: 23211: 23206: 23198: 23197: 23196: 23186: 23180: 23174: 23168: 23167: 23164: 23163: 23161: 23160: 23158:Vice-President 23155: 23150: 23145: 23140: 23135: 23130: 23129: 23128: 23118: 23113: 23108: 23103: 23098: 23093: 23088: 23086:Chief Minister 23083: 23078: 23072: 23066: 23060: 23059: 23056: 23055: 23053: 23052: 23047: 23042: 23037: 23032: 23027: 23022: 23016: 23010: 23004: 23003: 22994: 22992: 22990: 22989: 22984: 22979: 22974: 22969: 22968: 22967: 22957: 22952: 22947: 22942: 22936: 22934: 22928: 22927: 22925: articles 22919: 22918: 22911: 22904: 22896: 22887: 22886: 22884: 22883: 22878: 22871: 22870: 22863: 22855: 22854: 22851: 22850: 22847: 22846: 22844: 22843: 22838: 22833: 22823: 22818: 22813: 22808: 22803: 22798: 22793: 22788: 22783: 22778: 22772: 22770: 22764: 22763: 22760: 22759: 22757: 22756: 22755: 22754: 22744: 22739: 22728: 22726: 22723: 22722: 22716: 22715: 22709: 22708: 22703: 22698: 22693: 22688: 22683: 22678: 22673: 22668: 22663: 22658: 22653: 22648: 22643: 22638: 22633: 22632: 22631: 22626: 22621: 22611: 22606: 22601: 22596: 22591: 22586: 22581: 22576: 22574:Child marriage 22571: 22561: 22556: 22554:Baby factories 22551: 22546: 22540: 22534: 22528: 22527: 22524: 22523: 22521: 22520: 22515: 22510: 22505: 22503:Stock Exchange 22500: 22495: 22487: 22482: 22477: 22472: 22467: 22462: 22457: 22451: 22445: 22439: 22438: 22435: 22434: 22432: 22431: 22426: 22425: 22424: 22422:Vice-President 22414: 22413: 22412: 22407: 22397: 22396: 22395: 22390: 22380: 22375: 22370: 22365: 22364: 22363: 22353: 22348: 22343: 22338: 22333: 22328: 22327: 22326: 22315: 22309: 22303: 22302: 22299: 22298: 22296: 22295: 22290: 22285: 22284: 22283: 22278: 22268: 22263: 22261:National parks 22258: 22253: 22248: 22243: 22238: 22233: 22231:Climate change 22228: 22223: 22218: 22212: 22206: 22200: 22199: 22196: 22195: 22193: 22192: 22187: 22185:Third Republic 22182: 22181: 22180: 22175: 22165: 22163:First Republic 22160: 22155: 22150: 22145: 22140: 22135: 22130: 22124: 22121: 22120: 22118: 22117: 22112: 22107: 22102: 22101: 22100: 22095: 22090: 22085: 22080: 22075: 22070: 22063:Hausa kingdoms 22060: 22055: 22050: 22045: 22040: 22034: 22032: 22029: 22028: 22025: 22021: 22020: 22014: 22008: 22007: 21996: 21995: 21988: 21981: 21973: 21964: 21963: 21961: 21960: 21955: 21948: 21947: 21940: 21932: 21931: 21928: 21927: 21924: 21923: 21921: 21920: 21915: 21910: 21905: 21900: 21895: 21890: 21885: 21879: 21877: 21871: 21870: 21868: 21867: 21862: 21857: 21852: 21847: 21842: 21837: 21832: 21827: 21822: 21817: 21815:Child marriage 21811: 21805: 21799: 21798: 21795: 21794: 21792: 21791: 21786: 21781: 21776: 21770: 21764: 21758: 21757: 21754: 21753: 21751: 21750: 21748:Vice President 21745: 21743:Prime Minister 21740: 21735: 21730: 21725: 21720: 21715: 21714: 21713: 21703: 21698: 21693: 21687: 21681: 21675: 21674: 21671: 21670: 21668: 21667: 21662: 21657: 21652: 21650:National parks 21647: 21642: 21637: 21632: 21627: 21620: 21614: 21608: 21602: 21601: 21599: 21598: 21593: 21588: 21583: 21578: 21573: 21568: 21563: 21558: 21553: 21548: 21543: 21541:Massina Empire 21538: 21533: 21528: 21523: 21521:Songhai Empire 21518: 21513: 21508: 21503: 21497: 21495: 21489: 21488: 21477: 21476: 21469: 21462: 21454: 21445: 21444: 21442: 21441: 21436: 21429: 21428: 21421: 21413: 21412: 21409: 21408: 21405: 21404: 21402: 21401: 21396: 21391: 21386: 21381: 21376: 21371: 21366: 21360: 21358: 21352: 21351: 21349: 21348: 21343: 21338: 21333: 21328: 21323: 21318: 21313: 21308: 21303: 21298: 21293: 21288: 21282: 21276: 21270: 21269: 21266: 21265: 21263: 21262: 21257: 21252: 21247: 21242: 21234: 21232:Communications 21229: 21224: 21218: 21212: 21206: 21205: 21202: 21201: 21199: 21198: 21196:Vice President 21193: 21188: 21183: 21178: 21173: 21172: 21171: 21169:Chief of Staff 21161: 21160: 21159: 21158: 21157: 21142: 21141: 21140: 21130: 21125: 21120: 21115: 21110: 21105: 21099: 21093: 21087: 21086: 21083: 21082: 21080: 21079: 21074: 21069: 21064: 21059: 21054: 21051:Climate change 21044: 21039: 21033: 21027: 21021: 21020: 21018: 21017: 21012: 21007: 21002: 20997: 20992: 20987: 20982: 20977: 20972: 20967: 20962: 20956: 20954: 20948: 20947: 20936: 20935: 20928: 20921: 20913: 20904: 20903: 20901: 20900: 20895: 20888: 20887: 20880: 20872: 20871: 20868: 20867: 20864: 20863: 20861: 20860: 20855: 20850: 20845: 20840: 20835: 20830: 20825: 20819: 20817: 20811: 20810: 20808: 20807: 20802: 20797: 20792: 20787: 20782: 20777: 20771: 20765: 20759: 20758: 20755: 20754: 20752: 20751: 20746: 20741: 20736: 20731: 20723: 20718: 20713: 20707: 20701: 20695: 20694: 20691: 20690: 20688: 20687: 20685:Prime Minister 20682: 20677: 20672: 20667: 20662: 20661: 20660: 20650: 20645: 20640: 20635: 20629: 20623: 20617: 20616: 20613: 20612: 20610: 20609: 20604: 20599: 20594: 20589: 20584: 20579: 20574: 20568: 20562: 20556: 20555: 20553: 20552: 20547: 20542: 20537: 20532: 20527: 20522: 20517: 20512: 20507: 20506: 20505: 20495: 20490: 20485: 20480: 20475: 20470: 20465: 20463:Songhai Empire 20460: 20454: 20452: 20446: 20445: 20434: 20433: 20426: 20419: 20411: 20405: 20402: 20401: 20389: 20388: 20374: 20371: 20370: 20368: 20367: 20362: 20357: 20352: 20350:Crisis mapping 20347: 20342: 20336: 20334: 20330: 20329: 20327: 20326: 20324:Neocolonialism 20321: 20316: 20311: 20305: 20303: 20302:Related fields 20299: 20298: 20296: 20295: 20290: 20285: 20280: 20275: 20270: 20265: 20259: 20257: 20253: 20252: 20250: 20249: 20244: 20243: 20242: 20232: 20227: 20222: 20216: 20214: 20208: 20207: 20205: 20204: 20199: 20194: 20189: 20184: 20179: 20174: 20169: 20167:Typhoon Haiyan 20164: 20159: 20154: 20149: 20144: 20139: 20133: 20131: 20127: 20126: 20124: 20123: 20118: 20113: 20108: 20103: 20098: 20093: 20088: 20083: 20078: 20073: 20068: 20062: 20060: 20056: 20055: 20053: 20052: 20047: 20045:Warren Buffett 20042: 20037: 20035:Jamshedji Tata 20032: 20027: 20022: 20017: 20015:James Orbinski 20012: 20007: 20002: 19997: 19992: 19987: 19982: 19977: 19971: 19969: 19968:Notable people 19965: 19964: 19962: 19961: 19956: 19951: 19946: 19945: 19944: 19934: 19928: 19926: 19922: 19921: 19918: 19917: 19915: 19914: 19909: 19904: 19899: 19893: 19891: 19890:Local agencies 19887: 19886: 19884: 19883: 19878: 19873: 19867: 19865: 19861: 19860: 19858: 19857: 19852: 19847: 19842: 19840:Guardian Girls 19837: 19832: 19827: 19822: 19817: 19812: 19810:Islamic Relief 19807: 19802: 19797: 19792: 19787: 19782: 19776: 19774: 19770: 19769: 19767: 19766: 19761: 19756: 19751: 19746: 19740: 19738: 19732: 19731: 19729: 19728: 19723: 19718: 19713: 19708: 19703: 19697: 19695: 19688: 19682: 19681: 19678: 19677: 19675: 19674: 19669: 19664: 19659: 19654: 19649: 19643: 19641: 19635: 19634: 19632: 19631: 19626: 19620: 19618: 19611: 19610: 19608: 19607: 19606: 19605: 19595: 19590: 19583: 19578: 19572: 19570: 19561: 19557: 19556: 19554: 19553: 19548: 19543: 19538: 19537: 19536: 19525: 19522: 19521: 19514: 19513: 19506: 19499: 19491: 19482: 19481: 19479: 19478: 19472: 19466: 19456: 19450: 19449:(1981–present) 19444: 19438: 19432: 19426: 19420: 19414: 19408: 19402: 19396: 19390: 19384: 19378: 19372: 19366: 19360: 19354: 19348: 19342: 19335: 19333: 19327: 19326: 19323: 19322: 19319: 19318: 19316: 19315: 19314: 19313: 19302: 19301:(2023–present) 19296: 19293:Jamaica dengue 19290: 19284: 19278: 19272: 19266: 19260: 19254: 19248: 19242: 19236: 19230: 19224: 19218: 19212: 19206: 19198: 19192: 19189:Yemeni cholera 19186: 19180: 19174: 19168: 19162: 19156: 19150: 19144: 19140:DR Congo Ebola 19136: 19130: 19124: 19118: 19112: 19106: 19100: 19094: 19088: 19082: 19076: 19070: 19064: 19058: 19052: 19046: 19040: 19034: 19028: 19022: 19016: 19009: 19007: 19003: 19002: 19000: 18999: 18991: 18985: 18979: 18973: 18967: 18961: 18955: 18949: 18943: 18937: 18930: 18928: 18924: 18923: 18921: 18920: 18914: 18908: 18902: 18896: 18890: 18884: 18878: 18872: 18866: 18860: 18854: 18848: 18845:Maltese plague 18842: 18839:Ottoman plague 18835: 18833: 18826: 18820: 18819: 18816: 18815: 18813: 18812: 18806: 18800: 18797:Persian Plague 18794: 18791:Russian plague 18788: 18782: 18776: 18770: 18763: 18761: 18757: 18756: 18754: 18753: 18747: 18743:Maltese plague 18739: 18733: 18727: 18724:Maltese plague 18721: 18715: 18709: 18703: 18700:Italian plague 18697: 18694:Maltese plague 18691: 18684: 18682: 18678: 18677: 18675: 18674: 18672: 18666: 18663:Maltese plague 18660: 18654: 18648: 18642: 18636: 18629: 18627: 18620: 18612: 18611: 18609: 18608: 18602: 18596: 18590: 18584: 18578: 18572: 18566: 18559: 18557: 18549: 18548: 18546: 18545: 18539: 18533: 18527: 18517:Hittite plague 18513: 18511: 18502: 18498: 18497: 18495: 18494: 18488: 18485: 18484: 18469: 18468: 18461: 18454: 18446: 18437: 18436: 18434: 18433: 18423: 18412: 18409: 18408: 18405: 18404: 18402: 18401: 18393: 18391: 18384: 18376: 18375: 18372: 18371: 18369: 18368: 18360: 18358: 18351: 18343: 18342: 18339: 18338: 18336: 18335: 18328: 18326: 18319: 18311: 18310: 18307: 18306: 18304: 18303: 18290: 18288: 18281: 18273: 18272: 18269: 18268: 18266: 18265: 18260: 18254: 18252: 18248: 18247: 18245: 18244: 18233: 18231: 18227: 18226: 18224: 18223: 18218: 18213: 18207: 18205: 18201: 18200: 18198: 18197: 18196: 18195: 18190: 18177: 18175: 18171: 18170: 18168: 18167: 18162: 18157: 18152: 18147: 18142: 18136: 18134: 18127: 18119: 18118: 18115: 18114: 18112: 18111: 18106: 18101: 18095: 18093: 18089: 18088: 18086: 18085: 18075: 18065: 18057: 18047: 18041:Ebola Syndrome 18037: 18027: 18021:(1995 book by 18012: 18010: 18004: 18003: 18001: 18000: 17999: 17998: 17996:Patrick Sawyer 17993: 17991:Mayinga N'Seka 17988: 17983: 17978: 17973: 17968: 17963: 17958: 17956:Ameyo Adadevoh 17951:Ebola patients 17948: 17947: 17946: 17941: 17936: 17925: 17923: 17922:Notable people 17919: 17918: 17916: 17915: 17914: 17913: 17902: 17900: 17896: 17895: 17893: 17892: 17891: 17890: 17880: 17875: 17870: 17862: 17857: 17852: 17847: 17842: 17837: 17832: 17827: 17822: 17817: 17811: 17809: 17805: 17804: 17802: 17801: 17800: 17799: 17789: 17788: 17787: 17775: 17774: 17773: 17761: 17760: 17759: 17749: 17748: 17747: 17734: 17732: 17728: 17727: 17725: 17724: 17723: 17722: 17717: 17712: 17707: 17702: 17697: 17689: 17688: 17687: 17685:Womey massacre 17682: 17677: 17672: 17667: 17662: 17657: 17652: 17647: 17642: 17637: 17632: 17627: 17622: 17617: 17607: 17602: 17596: 17594: 17585: 17577: 17576: 17567: 17566: 17559: 17552: 17544: 17536: 17535: 17506: 17467: 17427: 17426: 17424: 17421: 17420: 17419: 17393: 17392: 17377: 17361: 17341: 17325: 17309: 17289: 17273: 17253: 17228: 17208: 17201: 17200: 17199: 17197: 17196:External links 17194: 17192: 17191: 17149:Cell Discovery 17140: 17097: 17046: 17018:(7): 188–192. 17003: 16967:(4): 383–392. 16952: 16929: 16893:(4): 529–537. 16878: 16857: 16843: 16827: 16768: 16698: 16697: 16689: 16688: 16668: 16666: 16663: 16660: 16659: 16636: 16625:. 27 July 2014 16610: 16584: 16559: 16531: 16505: 16483: 16461: 16446: 16424: 16398: 16373: 16348: 16322: 16296: 16268: 16243: 16218: 16192: 16166: 16140: 16114: 16092: 16035: 16009: 15987: 15930: 15908: 15882: 15857: 15831: 15805: 15779: 15756: 15730: 15713: 15687: 15680: 15655: 15629: 15603: 15581: 15553: 15527: 15501: 15478: 15452: 15426: 15400: 15374: 15352: 15333: 15307: 15281: 15259: 15233: 15211: 15189: 15156: 15134: 15104: 15081: 15059: 15027: 15001: 14975: 14953: 14927: 14904: 14878: 14856: 14829: 14802: 14776: 14754: 14728: 14697: 14675: 14649: 14623: 14596: 14574: 14544: 14515: 14492: 14466: 14440: 14370: 14341:(3): 271–277. 14321: 14303: 14277: 14251: 14225: 14175: 14149: 14127: 14086: 14063: 14038: 14003: 13934: 13908: 13885: 13859: 13833: 13806: 13784: 13716: 13690: 13664: 13642: 13628: 13602: 13576: 13550: 13493: 13467: 13415: 13400: 13350: 13331: 13282: 13224: 13202: 13175: 13161: 13130:(9): 1668–86. 13110: 13061: 13039: 13016: 12991: 12964: 12942: 12875: 12849: 12823: 12797: 12775: 12753: 12727: 12705: 12683: 12657: 12635: 12613: 12583: 12557: 12532: 12509: 12479: 12457: 12434: 12412: 12383: 12353: 12327: 12305: 12279: 12262: 12241:(7): 780–781. 12221: 12195: 12184:on 21 May 2015 12165: 12143: 12122:(10): 1185–7. 12102: 12076: 12054: 12023: 11980: 11926: 11919: 11896: 11874: 11847: 11798: 11773: 11750: 11694: 11672: 11646: 11620: 11594: 11572: 11550: 11524: 11498: 11480: 11458: 11433: 11401: 11376: 11350: 11328: 11306: 11281: 11258: 11233: 11211: 11185: 11173: 11158: 11095: 11044: 11018: 10992: 10963: 10934:(13): 1183–5. 10914: 10892: 10866: 10840: 10814: 10795: 10773: 10710: 10683: 10661: 10639: 10610:(6): 659–669. 10589: 10558: 10533: 10511: 10454: 10398: 10380:whitehouse.gov 10366: 10340: 10318: 10296: 10268: 10239:(1): e008859. 10219: 10169: 10139: 10114: 10064: 10042: 10020: 9998: 9968: 9939:(4): 773–793. 9919: 9865: 9843: 9774: 9706: 9652: 9627: 9601: 9550: 9509: 9460: 9434: 9374: 9352: 9329: 9280: 9231: 9181: 9114: 9089: 9063: 9037: 9008: 8982: 8956: 8934: 8912: 8890: 8864: 8838: 8816: 8790: 8768: 8746: 8720: 8694: 8668: 8646: 8620: 8594: 8572: 8539: 8517: 8491: 8465: 8440: 8414: 8392: 8380: 8354: 8328: 8302: 8283: 8261: 8239: 8213: 8190: 8164: 8138: 8111: 8085: 8059: 8033: 8007: 7981: 7955: 7930: 7904: 7855: 7829: 7803: 7781: 7758: 7733: 7703: 7672: 7649: 7623: 7597: 7571: 7545: 7519: 7494: 7464: 7438: 7412: 7386: 7360: 7338: 7313: 7291: 7265: 7239: 7217: 7191: 7173: 7156: 7137: 7111: 7094: 7083:. pulse.com.gh 7071: 7068:. 2 July 2015. 7053: 7050:. 1 July 2015. 7035: 7009: 6990: 6979:on 10 May 2015 6964: 6942: 6917: 6895: 6869: 6843: 6812: 6786: 6760: 6728: 6702: 6676: 6665:. 28 July 2014 6650: 6639:. 30 July 2014 6624: 6597: 6586:. 28 July 2014 6571: 6560:on 9 July 2014 6545: 6523: 6501: 6479: 6453: 6427: 6411:"Health Index" 6402: 6380: 6358: 6332: 6314: 6311:(Report). WHO. 6300: 6282: 6256: 6230: 6208: 6179: 6154: 6128: 6106: 6102:UN News Centre 6090: 6064: 6038: 6016: 5994: 5968: 5942: 5916: 5890: 5858: 5832: 5795: 5769: 5743: 5720: 5698: 5672: 5642: 5620: 5595: 5542: 5493: 5468: 5442: 5413:(1): 105–108. 5393: 5371: 5345: 5323: 5298: 5272: 5250: 5224: 5198: 5180: 5158: 5132: 5106: 5088: 5062: 5036: 5002: 4985: 4959: 4937: 4915: 4889: 4870: 4841: 4815: 4793: 4768: 4742: 4720: 4698: 4673: 4647: 4620: 4595: 4569: 4547: 4519: 4490: 4479:. 27 July 2014 4464: 4453:. 25 July 2014 4435: 4409: 4383: 4352: 4326: 4297: 4243: 4217: 4191: 4159: 4134: 4123:on 31 May 2014 4105: 4076: 4051: 4026: 3977: 3952: 3927: 3910: 3866: 3840: 3814: 3783: 3761: 3736: 3710: 3684: 3648: 3626: 3603: 3572: 3561:on 16 May 2015 3546: 3504: 3479: 3454: 3426: 3395: 3370: 3305: 3279: 3257: 3232: 3214: 3188: 3163: 3131: 3120:on 2 June 2016 3105: 3079: 3053: 3026: 3025: 2952: 2949: 2946: 2945: 2936: 2927: 2918: 2907: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2900: 2899: 2893: 2892: 2889:Viruses portal 2876: 2873: 2872: 2871: 2864: 2863: 2856: 2855: 2849: 2843: 2827: 2821: 2818:Ameyo Adadevoh 2815: 2809: 2806:Patrick Sawyer 2801: 2798: 2795: 2794: 2788: 2787: 2785: 2782: 2779: 2776: 2773: 2770: 2767: 2764: 2761: 2758: 2755: 2752: 2749: 2746: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2733: 2732: 2730: 2727: 2724: 2721: 2718: 2715: 2712: 2709: 2706: 2703: 2700: 2697: 2694: 2691: 2688: 2685: 2682: 2678: 2677: 2675: 2672: 2669: 2666: 2663: 2660: 2657: 2654: 2651: 2648: 2645: 2642: 2639: 2636: 2633: 2630: 2627: 2623: 2622: 2620: 2617: 2614: 2611: 2608: 2605: 2602: 2599: 2596: 2593: 2590: 2587: 2584: 2581: 2578: 2575: 2572: 2568: 2567: 2565: 2562: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2538: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2526: 2523: 2520: 2517: 2513: 2512: 2510: 2507: 2504: 2501: 2498: 2495: 2492: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2465: 2462: 2458: 2457: 2455: 2452: 2449: 2446: 2443: 2440: 2437: 2434: 2431: 2428: 2425: 2422: 2419: 2416: 2413: 2410: 2407: 2406:30 August 2015 2403: 2402: 2399: 2396: 2393: 2390: 2387: 2384: 2381: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2357: 2353: 2352: 2349: 2346: 2345:United Kingdom 2343: 2340: 2337: 2334: 2331: 2328: 2325: 2314: 2313: 2295: 2294: 2292: 2289: 2286: 2283: 2280: 2277: 2274: 2271: 2268: 2264: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2255: 2252: 2249: 2246: 2243: 2240: 2237: 2233: 2232: 2230: 2227: 2224: 2221: 2218: 2215: 2212: 2209: 2206: 2202: 2201: 2199: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2178: 2175: 2171: 2170: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2159: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2147: 2144: 2140: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2131: 2128: 2125: 2122: 2119: 2116: 2113: 2109: 2108: 2106: 2103: 2100: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2078: 2077: 2074: 2071: 2068: 2065: 2062: 2059: 2056: 2052: 2051: 2048: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2016:Main article: 2013: 2010: 1981:United Nations 1959: 1956: 1906: 1903: 1857: 1856: 1853: 1845: 1840: 1839: 1831: 1830: 1777: 1774: 1725: 1722: 1710: 1703: 1677: 1674: 1648:Several Ebola 1639: 1636: 1609: 1606: 1550: 1547: 1543:Wellcome Trust 1521: 1518: 1482: 1479: 1393: 1390: 1333: 1330: 1303: 1300: 1265:water to drink 1233: 1230: 1202: 1199: 1176:Main article: 1173: 1170: 1147: 1144: 1142:as yet exist. 1114: 1111: 1103: 1100: 1055: 1052: 1028: 1025: 1000: 997: 971: 968: 940: 937: 924: 921: 896: 895:United Kingdom 893: 891: 888: 850: 847: 823: 820: 806: 803: 801: 798: 707: 704: 605: 602: 524: 521: 511: 508: 433:Emile Ouamouno 415: 409: 403: 397: 383: 380: 378: 375: 335:United Kingdom 289:, centered in 281:The 2013–2016 277: 276: 272: 271: 268: 265: 262: 258: 257: 252: 249: 246: 240: 239: 234: 231: 228: 222: 221: 216: 213: 210: 208:United Kingdom 204: 203: 198: 195: 192: 186: 185: 180: 177: 174: 168: 167: 162: 159: 156: 150: 149: 144: 141: 138: 132: 131: 126: 123: 120: 114: 113: 108: 105: 102: 96: 95: 90: 87: 84: 78: 77: 74: 71: 68: 60: 59: 55: 54: 51: 47: 46: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 23628: 23617: 23614: 23612: 23609: 23607: 23604: 23602: 23599: 23597: 23594: 23592: 23589: 23587: 23584: 23582: 23579: 23577: 23574: 23572: 23569: 23567: 23564: 23562: 23559: 23557: 23554: 23552: 23549: 23547: 23544: 23542: 23539: 23537: 23534: 23532: 23529: 23527: 23524: 23522: 23519: 23517: 23514: 23512: 23509: 23507: 23504: 23502: 23499: 23497: 23494: 23493: 23491: 23481: 23476: 23471: 23469: 23459: 23457: 23447: 23445: 23435: 23434: 23431: 23412: 23409: 23407: 23404: 23403: 23398: 23394: 23393: 23389: 23379: 23376: 23374: 23371: 23369: 23366: 23364: 23361: 23359: 23356: 23354: 23351: 23349: 23346: 23344: 23341: 23340: 23338: 23336: 23332: 23326: 23323: 23321: 23318: 23316: 23313: 23311: 23308: 23306: 23303: 23301: 23298: 23296: 23293: 23291: 23288: 23286: 23283: 23281: 23280:Ethnic groups 23278: 23276: 23273: 23271: 23268: 23266: 23263: 23261: 23258: 23256: 23253: 23252: 23249: 23246: 23244: 23240: 23230: 23227: 23225: 23222: 23220: 23217: 23215: 23212: 23210: 23207: 23205: 23199: 23195: 23192: 23191: 23190: 23187: 23185: 23182: 23181: 23178: 23175: 23173: 23169: 23159: 23156: 23154: 23153:Supreme Court 23151: 23149: 23148:Special Court 23146: 23144: 23141: 23139: 23136: 23134: 23131: 23127: 23124: 23123: 23122: 23119: 23117: 23114: 23112: 23109: 23107: 23104: 23102: 23099: 23097: 23094: 23092: 23089: 23087: 23084: 23082: 23079: 23077: 23074: 23073: 23070: 23067: 23065: 23061: 23051: 23048: 23046: 23043: 23041: 23038: 23036: 23033: 23031: 23028: 23026: 23023: 23021: 23018: 23017: 23014: 23011: 23009: 23005: 22998: 22988: 22985: 22983: 22980: 22978: 22975: 22973: 22970: 22966: 22963: 22962: 22961: 22958: 22956: 22953: 22951: 22948: 22946: 22943: 22941: 22938: 22937: 22935: 22933: 22929: 22924: 22917: 22912: 22910: 22905: 22903: 22898: 22897: 22894: 22882: 22879: 22877: 22874: 22873: 22868: 22864: 22861: 22857: 22856: 22852: 22842: 22839: 22837: 22834: 22831: 22827: 22824: 22822: 22819: 22817: 22814: 22812: 22809: 22807: 22804: 22802: 22799: 22797: 22794: 22792: 22789: 22787: 22784: 22782: 22779: 22777: 22774: 22773: 22771: 22769: 22765: 22753: 22752:2016 conflict 22750: 22749: 22748: 22745: 22743: 22740: 22737: 22733: 22730: 22729: 22727: 22721: 22718: 22717: 22713: 22707: 22704: 22702: 22699: 22697: 22694: 22692: 22689: 22687: 22684: 22682: 22679: 22677: 22674: 22672: 22669: 22667: 22664: 22662: 22659: 22657: 22654: 22652: 22649: 22647: 22644: 22642: 22639: 22637: 22634: 22630: 22627: 22625: 22622: 22620: 22617: 22616: 22615: 22614:Ethnic groups 22612: 22610: 22607: 22605: 22602: 22600: 22597: 22595: 22592: 22590: 22587: 22585: 22582: 22580: 22577: 22575: 22572: 22569: 22565: 22562: 22560: 22557: 22555: 22552: 22550: 22547: 22545: 22542: 22541: 22538: 22535: 22533: 22529: 22519: 22516: 22514: 22511: 22509: 22506: 22504: 22501: 22499: 22496: 22494: 22488: 22486: 22483: 22481: 22478: 22476: 22473: 22471: 22468: 22466: 22463: 22461: 22458: 22456: 22453: 22452: 22449: 22446: 22444: 22440: 22430: 22429:Supreme Court 22427: 22423: 22420: 22419: 22418: 22415: 22411: 22408: 22406: 22403: 22402: 22401: 22398: 22394: 22391: 22389: 22386: 22385: 22384: 22381: 22379: 22376: 22374: 22371: 22369: 22366: 22362: 22359: 22358: 22357: 22354: 22352: 22349: 22347: 22344: 22342: 22339: 22337: 22334: 22332: 22329: 22325: 22322: 22321: 22320: 22317: 22316: 22313: 22310: 22308: 22304: 22294: 22291: 22289: 22286: 22282: 22279: 22277: 22274: 22273: 22272: 22269: 22267: 22264: 22262: 22259: 22257: 22254: 22252: 22249: 22247: 22244: 22242: 22239: 22237: 22234: 22232: 22229: 22227: 22224: 22222: 22219: 22217: 22214: 22213: 22210: 22207: 22205: 22201: 22191: 22188: 22186: 22183: 22179: 22176: 22174: 22171: 22170: 22169: 22166: 22164: 22161: 22159: 22156: 22154: 22151: 22149: 22146: 22144: 22141: 22139: 22136: 22134: 22133:Early history 22131: 22129: 22126: 22125: 22122: 22116: 22113: 22111: 22108: 22106: 22103: 22099: 22096: 22094: 22091: 22089: 22086: 22084: 22081: 22079: 22076: 22074: 22071: 22069: 22066: 22065: 22064: 22061: 22059: 22056: 22054: 22051: 22049: 22046: 22044: 22041: 22039: 22036: 22035: 22033: 22026: 22023: 22022: 22018: 22015: 22013: 22009: 22005: 22001: 21994: 21989: 21987: 21982: 21980: 21975: 21974: 21971: 21959: 21956: 21954: 21951: 21950: 21945: 21941: 21938: 21934: 21933: 21929: 21919: 21916: 21914: 21911: 21909: 21906: 21904: 21901: 21899: 21896: 21894: 21891: 21889: 21886: 21884: 21881: 21880: 21878: 21876: 21872: 21866: 21863: 21861: 21858: 21856: 21853: 21851: 21848: 21846: 21843: 21841: 21838: 21836: 21833: 21831: 21828: 21826: 21825:Ethnic groups 21823: 21821: 21818: 21816: 21813: 21812: 21809: 21806: 21804: 21800: 21790: 21787: 21785: 21782: 21780: 21777: 21775: 21772: 21771: 21768: 21765: 21763: 21759: 21749: 21746: 21744: 21741: 21739: 21736: 21734: 21731: 21729: 21726: 21724: 21721: 21719: 21716: 21712: 21709: 21708: 21707: 21704: 21702: 21699: 21697: 21694: 21692: 21689: 21688: 21685: 21682: 21680: 21676: 21666: 21663: 21661: 21658: 21656: 21653: 21651: 21648: 21646: 21643: 21641: 21638: 21636: 21633: 21631: 21628: 21626: 21625: 21621: 21619: 21616: 21615: 21612: 21609: 21607: 21603: 21597: 21594: 21592: 21589: 21587: 21586:2020 protests 21584: 21582: 21579: 21577: 21574: 21572: 21569: 21567: 21564: 21562: 21559: 21557: 21554: 21552: 21549: 21547: 21544: 21542: 21539: 21537: 21534: 21532: 21529: 21527: 21526:Bamana Empire 21524: 21522: 21519: 21517: 21514: 21512: 21509: 21507: 21504: 21502: 21499: 21498: 21496: 21494: 21490: 21486: 21482: 21475: 21470: 21468: 21463: 21461: 21456: 21455: 21452: 21440: 21437: 21435: 21432: 21431: 21426: 21422: 21419: 21415: 21414: 21410: 21400: 21397: 21395: 21392: 21390: 21387: 21385: 21382: 21380: 21377: 21375: 21372: 21370: 21367: 21365: 21362: 21361: 21359: 21357: 21353: 21347: 21344: 21342: 21339: 21337: 21334: 21332: 21329: 21327: 21324: 21322: 21319: 21317: 21314: 21312: 21311:Ethnic groups 21309: 21307: 21304: 21302: 21299: 21297: 21294: 21292: 21289: 21287: 21284: 21283: 21280: 21277: 21275: 21271: 21261: 21258: 21256: 21253: 21251: 21248: 21246: 21243: 21241: 21235: 21233: 21230: 21228: 21225: 21223: 21220: 21219: 21216: 21213: 21211: 21207: 21197: 21194: 21192: 21189: 21187: 21184: 21182: 21179: 21177: 21174: 21170: 21167: 21166: 21165: 21162: 21156: 21155:Chief Justice 21153: 21152: 21151: 21150:Supreme Court 21148: 21147: 21146: 21143: 21139: 21136: 21135: 21134: 21131: 21129: 21126: 21124: 21121: 21119: 21116: 21114: 21111: 21109: 21106: 21104: 21101: 21100: 21097: 21094: 21092: 21088: 21078: 21075: 21073: 21070: 21068: 21065: 21063: 21060: 21058: 21055: 21052: 21048: 21045: 21043: 21040: 21038: 21035: 21034: 21031: 21028: 21026: 21022: 21016: 21013: 21011: 21008: 21006: 21003: 21001: 20998: 20996: 20993: 20991: 20988: 20986: 20983: 20981: 20978: 20976: 20973: 20971: 20968: 20966: 20963: 20961: 20958: 20957: 20955: 20953: 20949: 20945: 20941: 20934: 20929: 20927: 20922: 20920: 20915: 20914: 20911: 20899: 20896: 20894: 20891: 20890: 20885: 20881: 20878: 20874: 20873: 20869: 20859: 20856: 20854: 20851: 20849: 20846: 20844: 20841: 20839: 20836: 20834: 20831: 20829: 20826: 20824: 20821: 20820: 20818: 20816: 20812: 20806: 20803: 20801: 20798: 20796: 20793: 20791: 20790:Ethnic groups 20788: 20786: 20783: 20781: 20778: 20776: 20773: 20772: 20769: 20766: 20764: 20760: 20750: 20747: 20745: 20742: 20740: 20737: 20735: 20732: 20730: 20724: 20722: 20719: 20717: 20714: 20712: 20709: 20708: 20705: 20702: 20700: 20696: 20686: 20683: 20681: 20678: 20676: 20673: 20671: 20668: 20666: 20663: 20659: 20656: 20655: 20654: 20651: 20649: 20646: 20644: 20641: 20639: 20636: 20634: 20631: 20630: 20627: 20624: 20622: 20618: 20608: 20605: 20603: 20600: 20598: 20595: 20593: 20590: 20588: 20585: 20583: 20580: 20578: 20575: 20573: 20570: 20569: 20566: 20563: 20561: 20557: 20551: 20548: 20546: 20543: 20541: 20538: 20536: 20535:2009 protests 20533: 20531: 20528: 20526: 20523: 20521: 20520:2007 protests 20518: 20516: 20513: 20511: 20508: 20504: 20501: 20500: 20499: 20496: 20494: 20493:French Guinea 20491: 20489: 20486: 20484: 20481: 20479: 20476: 20474: 20471: 20469: 20466: 20464: 20461: 20459: 20456: 20455: 20453: 20451: 20447: 20443: 20439: 20432: 20427: 20425: 20420: 20418: 20413: 20412: 20409: 20403: 20396: 20386: 20385: 20380: 20372: 20366: 20363: 20361: 20358: 20356: 20353: 20351: 20348: 20346: 20343: 20341: 20338: 20337: 20335: 20331: 20325: 20322: 20320: 20317: 20315: 20312: 20310: 20307: 20306: 20304: 20300: 20294: 20291: 20289: 20286: 20284: 20281: 20279: 20276: 20274: 20271: 20269: 20266: 20264: 20261: 20260: 20258: 20254: 20248: 20245: 20241: 20238: 20237: 20236: 20233: 20231: 20228: 20226: 20223: 20221: 20218: 20217: 20215: 20209: 20203: 20200: 20198: 20195: 20193: 20190: 20188: 20185: 20183: 20180: 20178: 20175: 20173: 20170: 20168: 20165: 20163: 20160: 20158: 20155: 20153: 20150: 20148: 20145: 20143: 20140: 20138: 20135: 20134: 20132: 20128: 20122: 20119: 20117: 20114: 20112: 20109: 20107: 20104: 20102: 20099: 20097: 20094: 20092: 20089: 20087: 20084: 20082: 20079: 20077: 20074: 20072: 20069: 20067: 20064: 20063: 20061: 20057: 20051: 20048: 20046: 20043: 20041: 20038: 20036: 20033: 20031: 20030:Melinda Gates 20028: 20026: 20023: 20021: 20018: 20016: 20013: 20011: 20008: 20006: 20003: 20001: 19998: 19996: 19993: 19991: 19988: 19986: 19983: 19981: 19978: 19976: 19973: 19972: 19970: 19966: 19960: 19957: 19955: 19952: 19950: 19947: 19943: 19940: 19939: 19938: 19935: 19933: 19930: 19929: 19927: 19923: 19913: 19910: 19908: 19905: 19903: 19900: 19898: 19895: 19894: 19892: 19888: 19882: 19879: 19877: 19874: 19872: 19869: 19868: 19866: 19862: 19856: 19853: 19851: 19848: 19846: 19843: 19841: 19838: 19836: 19833: 19831: 19828: 19826: 19823: 19821: 19818: 19816: 19813: 19811: 19808: 19806: 19803: 19801: 19798: 19796: 19793: 19791: 19788: 19786: 19783: 19781: 19778: 19777: 19775: 19771: 19765: 19762: 19760: 19757: 19755: 19752: 19750: 19747: 19745: 19742: 19741: 19739: 19737: 19733: 19727: 19724: 19722: 19719: 19717: 19714: 19712: 19709: 19707: 19704: 19702: 19699: 19698: 19696: 19692: 19689: 19687:organizations 19683: 19673: 19670: 19668: 19665: 19663: 19660: 19658: 19655: 19653: 19652:Grand Bargain 19650: 19648: 19645: 19644: 19642: 19636: 19630: 19627: 19625: 19622: 19621: 19619: 19617: 19612: 19604: 19601: 19600: 19599: 19596: 19594: 19591: 19589: 19588: 19584: 19582: 19579: 19577: 19574: 19573: 19571: 19569:the Red Cross 19565: 19562: 19558: 19552: 19549: 19547: 19544: 19542: 19539: 19535: 19532: 19531: 19530: 19527: 19526: 19523: 19519: 19512: 19507: 19505: 19500: 19498: 19493: 19492: 19489: 19476: 19473: 19470: 19467: 19461:(2019–present 19460: 19457: 19454: 19451: 19448: 19445: 19442: 19439: 19436: 19435:Hong Kong flu 19433: 19430: 19427: 19424: 19421: 19418: 19415: 19412: 19409: 19406: 19403: 19400: 19397: 19394: 19391: 19388: 19385: 19382: 19379: 19376: 19373: 19370: 19367: 19364: 19361: 19358: 19355: 19352: 19349: 19346: 19343: 19340: 19337: 19336: 19334: 19332: 19328: 19311: 19308: 19307: 19306: 19303: 19300: 19297: 19294: 19291: 19288: 19285: 19282: 19279: 19276: 19273: 19270: 19267: 19264: 19263:Tonga measles 19261: 19258: 19255: 19252: 19249: 19246: 19243: 19240: 19237: 19234: 19233:Samoa measles 19231: 19228: 19225: 19222: 19219: 19216: 19213: 19210: 19207: 19203: 19199: 19196: 19193: 19190: 19187: 19184: 19181: 19178: 19175: 19172: 19169: 19166: 19163: 19160: 19157: 19154: 19151: 19148: 19145: 19141: 19137: 19134: 19131: 19128: 19125: 19122: 19119: 19116: 19113: 19110: 19107: 19104: 19101: 19098: 19095: 19092: 19091:Haiti cholera 19089: 19086: 19083: 19080: 19077: 19074: 19071: 19068: 19065: 19062: 19059: 19056: 19055:Iraqi cholera 19053: 19050: 19047: 19044: 19041: 19038: 19037:Indian dengue 19035: 19032: 19029: 19026: 19023: 19020: 19017: 19014: 19011: 19010: 19008: 19004: 18996: 18992: 18989: 18986: 18983: 18980: 18977: 18974: 18971: 18968: 18965: 18962: 18959: 18956: 18953: 18950: 18947: 18944: 18941: 18938: 18935: 18932: 18931: 18929: 18925: 18918: 18915: 18912: 18909: 18906: 18903: 18900: 18897: 18894: 18893:Guam smallpox 18891: 18888: 18885: 18882: 18879: 18876: 18873: 18870: 18867: 18864: 18861: 18858: 18855: 18852: 18849: 18846: 18843: 18840: 18837: 18836: 18834: 18830: 18827: 18825: 18821: 18810: 18807: 18804: 18801: 18798: 18795: 18792: 18789: 18786: 18783: 18780: 18777: 18774: 18771: 18768: 18765: 18764: 18762: 18758: 18751: 18748: 18744: 18740: 18737: 18734: 18731: 18730:Naples Plague 18728: 18725: 18722: 18719: 18716: 18713: 18710: 18707: 18704: 18701: 18698: 18695: 18692: 18689: 18688:London plague 18686: 18685: 18683: 18679: 18673: 18670: 18669:London plague 18667: 18664: 18661: 18658: 18657:London plague 18655: 18652: 18649: 18646: 18643: 18640: 18637: 18634: 18631: 18630: 18628: 18624: 18621: 18619: 18613: 18606: 18603: 18600: 18597: 18594: 18591: 18588: 18587:Plague of 664 18585: 18582: 18579: 18576: 18573: 18570: 18567: 18564: 18561: 18560: 18558: 18556: 18550: 18543: 18540: 18537: 18534: 18531: 18528: 18518: 18515: 18514: 18512: 18510: 18506: 18503: 18499: 18493: 18490: 18489: 18486: 18482: 18478: 18474: 18467: 18462: 18460: 18455: 18453: 18448: 18447: 18444: 18432: 18428: 18424: 18422: 18414: 18413: 18410: 18400: 18399: 18395: 18394: 18392: 18388: 18385: 18383: 18382: 18377: 18367: 18366: 18362: 18361: 18359: 18355: 18352: 18350: 18349: 18344: 18333: 18330: 18329: 18327: 18323: 18320: 18318: 18317: 18312: 18301: 18297: 18296: 18292: 18291: 18289: 18285: 18282: 18280: 18279: 18274: 18264: 18261: 18259: 18256: 18255: 18253: 18251:Miscellaneous 18249: 18240: 18239: 18235: 18234: 18232: 18228: 18222: 18219: 18217: 18214: 18212: 18209: 18208: 18206: 18202: 18194: 18191: 18189: 18186: 18185: 18184: 18183: 18179: 18178: 18176: 18172: 18166: 18163: 18161: 18158: 18156: 18153: 18151: 18148: 18146: 18143: 18141: 18138: 18137: 18135: 18131: 18128: 18126: 18125: 18120: 18110: 18107: 18105: 18102: 18100: 18097: 18096: 18094: 18092:Miscellaneous 18090: 18081: 18080: 18076: 18071: 18070: 18066: 18061: 18058: 18053: 18052: 18048: 18043: 18042: 18038: 18033: 18032: 18028: 18024: 18019: 18018: 18014: 18013: 18011: 18009: 18005: 17997: 17994: 17992: 17989: 17987: 17984: 17982: 17979: 17977: 17976:Salome Karwah 17974: 17972: 17969: 17967: 17964: 17962: 17959: 17957: 17954: 17953: 17952: 17949: 17945: 17942: 17940: 17937: 17935: 17934:William Close 17932: 17931: 17930: 17927: 17926: 17924: 17920: 17912: 17909: 17908: 17907: 17904: 17903: 17901: 17897: 17889: 17886: 17885: 17884: 17881: 17879: 17876: 17874: 17871: 17866: 17863: 17861: 17858: 17856: 17853: 17851: 17848: 17846: 17843: 17841: 17838: 17836: 17833: 17831: 17828: 17826: 17823: 17821: 17820:Brincidofovir 17818: 17816: 17813: 17812: 17810: 17806: 17797: 17796: 17795: 17794: 17790: 17786: 17783: 17782: 17781: 17780: 17776: 17772: 17769: 17768: 17767: 17766: 17762: 17757: 17756: 17755: 17754: 17750: 17746: 17743: 17742: 17741: 17740: 17736: 17735: 17733: 17729: 17721: 17718: 17716: 17715:2020 Équateur 17713: 17711: 17710:Kivu epidemic 17708: 17706: 17705:2018 Équateur 17703: 17701: 17698: 17696: 17693: 17692: 17690: 17686: 17683: 17681: 17678: 17676: 17673: 17671: 17668: 17666: 17663: 17661: 17658: 17656: 17653: 17651: 17648: 17646: 17643: 17641: 17638: 17636: 17633: 17631: 17628: 17626: 17623: 17621: 17618: 17616: 17613: 17612: 17611: 17608: 17606: 17603: 17601: 17598: 17597: 17595: 17593: 17589: 17586: 17584: 17583: 17578: 17574: 17573: 17565: 17560: 17558: 17553: 17551: 17546: 17545: 17542: 17524: 17520: 17516: 17510: 17503: 17489: 17485: 17481: 17477: 17471: 17464: 17450: 17446: 17442: 17438: 17432: 17428: 17408: 17404: 17400: 17396: 17395: 17382: 17378: 17366: 17362: 17350: 17346: 17342: 17330: 17326: 17314: 17310: 17298: 17294: 17290: 17278: 17274: 17262: 17258: 17254: 17242: 17238: 17234: 17230: 17229: 17223: 17222: 17221: 17215: 17211: 17188: 17184: 17179: 17174: 17170: 17166: 17162: 17158: 17154: 17150: 17146: 17141: 17137: 17133: 17129: 17125: 17120: 17115: 17112:(12): 21073. 17111: 17107: 17103: 17098: 17094: 17090: 17085: 17080: 17076: 17072: 17068: 17064: 17060: 17056: 17052: 17047: 17043: 17039: 17034: 17029: 17025: 17021: 17017: 17013: 17009: 17004: 17000: 16996: 16991: 16986: 16982: 16978: 16974: 16970: 16966: 16962: 16958: 16953: 16941: 16934: 16930: 16926: 16922: 16917: 16912: 16908: 16904: 16900: 16896: 16892: 16888: 16884: 16879: 16868: 16864: 16860: 16854: 16850: 16849: 16844: 16832: 16828: 16824: 16820: 16815: 16810: 16806: 16802: 16798: 16794: 16790: 16786: 16782: 16778: 16774: 16769: 16765: 16761: 16756: 16751: 16747: 16743: 16739: 16735: 16730: 16725: 16721: 16717: 16713: 16709: 16705: 16700: 16699: 16695: 16691: 16690: 16687: 16683: 16679: 16675: 16674: 16670: 16669: 16647: 16640: 16624: 16620: 16614: 16599: 16595: 16588: 16573: 16570: 16563: 16548: 16547: 16542: 16535: 16519: 16515: 16509: 16493: 16487: 16471: 16465: 16457: 16450: 16434: 16428: 16412: 16408: 16402: 16383: 16377: 16358: 16352: 16336: 16332: 16326: 16310: 16306: 16300: 16285: 16284: 16279: 16272: 16253: 16247: 16228: 16222: 16206: 16202: 16196: 16180: 16176: 16170: 16154: 16150: 16144: 16128: 16124: 16118: 16102: 16096: 16088: 16084: 16080: 16076: 16072: 16068: 16063: 16058: 16054: 16050: 16046: 16039: 16023: 16019: 16013: 15997: 15991: 15983: 15979: 15974: 15969: 15964: 15959: 15955: 15951: 15947: 15943: 15937: 15935: 15918: 15912: 15897: 15893: 15886: 15871: 15867: 15861: 15846: 15842: 15835: 15819: 15815: 15809: 15793: 15789: 15783: 15767: 15760: 15744: 15740: 15734: 15727: 15723: 15717: 15701: 15697: 15691: 15683: 15677: 15673: 15669: 15665: 15659: 15644: 15640: 15633: 15617: 15613: 15607: 15591: 15585: 15566: 15560: 15558: 15541: 15537: 15531: 15515: 15511: 15505: 15489: 15482: 15466: 15462: 15456: 15440: 15436: 15430: 15414: 15410: 15404: 15388: 15384: 15378: 15362: 15356: 15348: 15344: 15337: 15321: 15317: 15311: 15296: 15292: 15285: 15269: 15263: 15248: 15244: 15237: 15221: 15215: 15199: 15193: 15177: 15173: 15172:The Telegraph 15168: 15160: 15144: 15138: 15122: 15118: 15114: 15108: 15092: 15085: 15069: 15063: 15047: 15043: 15042:The Telegraph 15038: 15031: 15015: 15011: 15005: 14989: 14985: 14979: 14963: 14957: 14942:. 3 June 2014 14941: 14937: 14931: 14915: 14908: 14892: 14888: 14882: 14866: 14860: 14845:on 3 May 2015 14844: 14840: 14833: 14817: 14813: 14806: 14791: 14787: 14780: 14764: 14758: 14742: 14738: 14732: 14716: 14712: 14708: 14701: 14685: 14679: 14663: 14659: 14653: 14637: 14633: 14627: 14611: 14607: 14600: 14584: 14578: 14562: 14558: 14554: 14548: 14532: 14528: 14522: 14520: 14503: 14496: 14480: 14476: 14470: 14455: 14451: 14444: 14436: 14432: 14427: 14422: 14418: 14414: 14409: 14404: 14400: 14396: 14392: 14388: 14384: 14377: 14375: 14366: 14362: 14357: 14352: 14348: 14344: 14340: 14336: 14332: 14325: 14317: 14313: 14307: 14291: 14287: 14281: 14266: 14262: 14255: 14239: 14235: 14229: 14221: 14217: 14213: 14209: 14205: 14201: 14197: 14193: 14186: 14179: 14164: 14160: 14153: 14137: 14131: 14123: 14119: 14114: 14109: 14106:(36): 20894. 14105: 14101: 14097: 14090: 14074: 14067: 14052:(Report). WHO 14048: 14042: 14034: 14030: 14026: 14022: 14018: 14014: 14007: 13999: 13995: 13990: 13985: 13980: 13975: 13971: 13967: 13962: 13957: 13953: 13949: 13948:PLOS Currents 13945: 13938: 13922: 13918: 13912: 13896: 13889: 13873: 13869: 13863: 13847: 13843: 13837: 13821: 13817: 13810: 13794: 13788: 13780: 13776: 13771: 13766: 13762: 13758: 13753: 13748: 13744: 13740: 13736: 13732: 13728: 13720: 13704: 13700: 13694: 13678: 13674: 13668: 13652: 13646: 13638: 13632: 13617: 13613: 13606: 13591: 13587: 13580: 13564: 13560: 13554: 13546: 13542: 13538: 13534: 13529: 13524: 13520: 13516: 13512: 13508: 13504: 13497: 13481: 13477: 13471: 13463: 13459: 13454: 13449: 13445: 13441: 13437: 13433: 13429: 13422: 13420: 13411: 13404: 13396: 13392: 13387: 13382: 13378: 13374: 13370: 13366: 13362: 13354: 13346: 13342: 13335: 13327: 13323: 13318: 13313: 13309: 13305: 13302:(3): 324–29. 13301: 13297: 13293: 13286: 13278: 13274: 13269: 13264: 13260: 13256: 13252: 13248: 13244: 13240: 13236: 13228: 13212: 13206: 13190: 13186: 13179: 13171: 13165: 13157: 13153: 13148: 13143: 13138: 13133: 13129: 13125: 13121: 13114: 13106: 13102: 13097: 13092: 13088: 13084: 13081:(6): 565–83. 13080: 13076: 13072: 13065: 13050:(Report). CDC 13049: 13043: 13027: 13020: 13005:. 1 July 2015 13001: 12995: 12979: 12975: 12968: 12953:(Report). CDC 12952: 12946: 12938: 12934: 12929: 12924: 12920: 12916: 12911: 12906: 12902: 12898: 12894: 12890: 12886: 12879: 12864: 12860: 12853: 12837: 12833: 12827: 12811: 12807: 12801: 12785: 12779: 12763: 12757: 12741: 12737: 12731: 12715: 12709: 12693: 12687: 12671: 12667: 12661: 12645: 12639: 12623: 12617: 12601: 12597: 12593: 12587: 12571: 12567: 12561: 12542: 12536: 12520: 12513: 12494: 12488: 12486: 12484: 12467: 12461: 12445: 12438: 12422: 12416: 12401: 12397: 12390: 12388: 12371: 12367: 12360: 12358: 12342: 12338: 12331: 12315: 12309: 12293: 12289: 12283: 12272: 12266: 12258: 12254: 12249: 12244: 12240: 12236: 12232: 12225: 12209: 12205: 12199: 12183: 12179: 12175: 12169: 12153: 12147: 12139: 12135: 12130: 12125: 12121: 12117: 12113: 12106: 12091: 12087: 12080: 12064: 12058: 12043: 12039: 12032: 12030: 12028: 12019: 12015: 12011: 12007: 12003: 11999: 11995: 11991: 11984: 11976: 11972: 11967: 11962: 11958: 11954: 11950: 11946: 11942: 11935: 11933: 11931: 11922: 11916: 11912: 11911: 11906: 11900: 11884: 11878: 11862: 11858: 11851: 11843: 11839: 11834: 11829: 11825: 11821: 11818:(6): 565–83. 11817: 11813: 11809: 11802: 11786: 11780: 11778: 11762:(Report). CDC 11761: 11754: 11739: 11735: 11730: 11725: 11721: 11717: 11713: 11709: 11705: 11698: 11682: 11676: 11660: 11656: 11650: 11635: 11631: 11624: 11608: 11604: 11598: 11582: 11576: 11560: 11554: 11538: 11534: 11528: 11512: 11508: 11502: 11495: 11494:The Telegraph 11492: 11487: 11485: 11469:(Report). CDC 11468: 11462: 11444: 11437: 11418: 11411: 11405: 11386: 11380: 11364: 11360: 11354: 11339:(Report). CDC 11338: 11332: 11317:(Report). CDC 11316: 11310: 11294: 11288: 11286: 11269: 11262: 11247: 11243: 11237: 11221: 11215: 11200: 11196: 11189: 11182: 11177: 11170: 11167: 11162: 11154: 11148: 11140: 11136: 11131: 11126: 11122: 11118: 11114: 11110: 11109:Pan Afr Med J 11106: 11099: 11091: 11087: 11082: 11077: 11072: 11067: 11063: 11059: 11055: 11048: 11032: 11028: 11022: 11006: 11002: 10996: 10981:(Report). WHO 10980: 10973: 10967: 10959: 10955: 10951: 10947: 10942: 10937: 10933: 10929: 10925: 10918: 10902: 10896: 10881:. 2 July 2014 10880: 10876: 10870: 10854: 10850: 10844: 10829: 10828:New Scientist 10825: 10818: 10810: 10806: 10799: 10783: 10777: 10769: 10763: 10755: 10751: 10746: 10741: 10737: 10733: 10729: 10725: 10724:Pan Afr Med J 10721: 10714: 10698: 10694: 10687: 10671: 10665: 10650:(Report). WHO 10649: 10643: 10635: 10631: 10626: 10621: 10617: 10613: 10609: 10605: 10601: 10593: 10577: 10573: 10567: 10565: 10563: 10546: 10540: 10538: 10521: 10515: 10507: 10503: 10498: 10493: 10489: 10485: 10481: 10477: 10473: 10469: 10465: 10458: 10443: 10439: 10434: 10429: 10425: 10421: 10417: 10413: 10409: 10402: 10394: 10382: 10381: 10376: 10370: 10354: 10350: 10344: 10328: 10322: 10307:(Report). WHO 10306: 10300: 10285:(Report). WHO 10281: 10275: 10273: 10264: 10260: 10255: 10250: 10246: 10242: 10238: 10234: 10230: 10223: 10215: 10211: 10206: 10201: 10197: 10193: 10189: 10185: 10181: 10173: 10157: 10153: 10149: 10143: 10128: 10124: 10118: 10110: 10106: 10101: 10096: 10092: 10088: 10084: 10080: 10076: 10068: 10053:(Report). WHO 10052: 10046: 10031:(Report). WHO 10030: 10024: 10009: 10005: 10001: 9995: 9991: 9987: 9983: 9979: 9972: 9964: 9960: 9955: 9950: 9946: 9942: 9938: 9934: 9930: 9923: 9915: 9911: 9906: 9901: 9897: 9893: 9890:(2): e00137. 9889: 9885: 9881: 9877: 9869: 9853: 9847: 9839: 9835: 9830: 9825: 9821: 9817: 9813: 9809: 9805: 9801: 9797: 9793: 9789: 9781: 9779: 9770: 9766: 9761: 9756: 9752: 9748: 9744: 9740: 9736: 9732: 9728: 9724: 9720: 9713: 9711: 9703: 9698: 9694: 9689: 9684: 9680: 9676: 9672: 9668: 9664: 9656: 9648: 9644: 9639: 9634: 9630: 9624: 9620: 9616: 9612: 9605: 9597: 9593: 9588: 9583: 9578: 9573: 9569: 9565: 9561: 9554: 9546: 9542: 9537: 9532: 9528: 9524: 9520: 9513: 9505: 9501: 9496: 9491: 9487: 9483: 9479: 9475: 9471: 9464: 9449: 9445: 9438: 9430: 9426: 9421: 9416: 9411: 9406: 9402: 9398: 9394: 9390: 9386: 9378: 9362: 9356: 9340: 9333: 9325: 9321: 9316: 9311: 9307: 9303: 9299: 9295: 9291: 9284: 9276: 9272: 9267: 9262: 9258: 9254: 9250: 9246: 9242: 9235: 9227: 9223: 9218: 9213: 9209: 9205: 9201: 9197: 9193: 9185: 9177: 9173: 9168: 9163: 9159: 9155: 9151: 9147: 9143: 9139: 9135: 9131: 9130:Sabeti, P. C. 9123: 9121: 9119: 9099: 9093: 9077: 9073: 9067: 9051: 9047: 9041: 9025: 9021: 9015: 9013: 8996: 8992: 8986: 8970: 8966: 8960: 8944: 8938: 8922: 8916: 8900: 8894: 8878: 8874: 8868: 8852: 8848: 8842: 8826: 8820: 8804: 8800: 8794: 8778: 8772: 8756: 8750: 8734: 8730: 8724: 8709: 8705: 8698: 8682: 8678: 8672: 8656: 8650: 8634: 8630: 8624: 8609: 8605: 8598: 8582: 8576: 8560: 8556: 8555:The Telegraph 8551: 8543: 8527: 8521: 8505: 8501: 8495: 8479: 8475: 8469: 8454: 8450: 8444: 8428: 8424: 8418: 8402: 8396: 8389: 8384: 8369:. 12 May 2015 8368: 8364: 8358: 8342: 8338: 8332: 8316: 8312: 8306: 8298: 8294: 8287: 8271: 8265: 8249: 8243: 8227: 8223: 8217: 8201: 8194: 8178: 8174: 8168: 8152: 8148: 8142: 8126: 8122: 8115: 8099: 8095: 8089: 8073: 8069: 8063: 8047: 8043: 8037: 8021: 8017: 8011: 7995: 7991: 7985: 7969: 7965: 7959: 7944: 7940: 7934: 7918: 7914: 7908: 7900: 7896: 7892: 7888: 7883: 7878: 7874: 7870: 7866: 7859: 7843: 7839: 7833: 7817: 7813: 7807: 7791: 7785: 7769: 7762: 7743: 7737: 7721: 7717: 7713: 7707: 7691: 7687: 7681: 7679: 7677: 7660: 7653: 7637: 7633: 7627: 7612: 7608: 7605:Farge, Emma. 7601: 7585: 7581: 7575: 7559: 7555: 7549: 7533: 7529: 7523: 7508: 7504: 7498: 7482: 7478: 7474: 7468: 7453: 7449: 7442: 7426: 7422: 7416: 7401: 7397: 7390: 7374: 7370: 7364: 7348: 7342: 7327: 7323: 7317: 7301: 7295: 7279: 7275: 7269: 7254: 7250: 7243: 7227: 7221: 7205: 7201: 7195: 7187: 7183: 7177: 7170: 7166: 7160: 7152: 7148: 7141: 7126:. 9 July 2015 7125: 7121: 7115: 7108: 7104: 7098: 7082: 7075: 7067: 7063: 7057: 7049: 7045: 7039: 7024: 7020: 7013: 7005: 7001: 6994: 6978: 6974: 6968: 6952: 6946: 6931: 6927: 6921: 6905: 6899: 6883: 6879: 6873: 6857: 6853: 6847: 6831: 6827: 6823: 6816: 6800: 6796: 6790: 6775: 6771: 6764: 6745: 6738: 6732: 6716: 6712: 6706: 6690: 6683: 6681: 6664: 6660: 6654: 6638: 6634: 6628: 6612: 6608: 6601: 6585: 6581: 6575: 6559: 6555: 6549: 6533: 6527: 6512:. Yahoo! News 6511: 6505: 6490:(Report). WHO 6489: 6483: 6467: 6463: 6457: 6441: 6437: 6431: 6416: 6412: 6406: 6391:(Report). WHO 6390: 6384: 6368: 6362: 6346: 6342: 6336: 6328: 6324: 6318: 6310: 6304: 6296: 6292: 6286: 6270: 6266: 6260: 6244: 6240: 6234: 6218: 6212: 6196: 6192: 6186: 6184: 6167: 6161: 6159: 6142: 6138: 6132: 6116: 6110: 6103: 6099: 6094: 6079: 6075: 6068: 6052: 6048: 6042: 6026: 6020: 6004: 5998: 5983: 5979: 5972: 5956: 5952: 5946: 5930: 5926: 5920: 5904: 5900: 5894: 5875: 5868: 5862: 5846: 5842: 5836: 5817: 5810: 5804: 5802: 5800: 5784: 5780: 5773: 5757: 5753: 5747: 5731: 5724: 5708: 5702: 5687:on 5 May 2019 5686: 5682: 5676: 5660: 5656: 5652: 5646: 5630: 5624: 5609:(Report). WHO 5608: 5602: 5600: 5591: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5573: 5569: 5565: 5561: 5557: 5549: 5547: 5538: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5520: 5516: 5512: 5508: 5504: 5497: 5482: 5478: 5472: 5457:on 5 May 2019 5456: 5452: 5446: 5438: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5420: 5416: 5412: 5408: 5404: 5397: 5381: 5375: 5359: 5355: 5349: 5333: 5327: 5312: 5308: 5302: 5286: 5282: 5276: 5261:. Yahoo! news 5260: 5254: 5238: 5234: 5228: 5213: 5209: 5202: 5194: 5190: 5184: 5168: 5162: 5147: 5143: 5136: 5120: 5116: 5110: 5102: 5098: 5092: 5076: 5072: 5066: 5050: 5046: 5040: 5025: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5006: 4995: 4989: 4973: 4969: 4963: 4947: 4941: 4925: 4919: 4904:. 25 May 2015 4903: 4899: 4893: 4885: 4881: 4874: 4858: 4854: 4848: 4846: 4829: 4825: 4819: 4803: 4797: 4781: 4775: 4773: 4756: 4752: 4746: 4730: 4724: 4709:(Report). WHO 4708: 4702: 4687: 4683: 4677: 4661: 4657: 4651: 4635: 4629: 4627: 4625: 4605: 4599: 4583: 4579: 4573: 4557: 4551: 4532: 4526: 4524: 4507: 4503: 4497: 4495: 4478: 4474: 4468: 4452: 4448: 4442: 4440: 4423: 4419: 4413: 4397: 4393: 4387: 4372:(Report). CDC 4371: 4365: 4363: 4361: 4359: 4357: 4341: 4337: 4330: 4315: 4311: 4304: 4302: 4293: 4289: 4285: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4252: 4250: 4248: 4231: 4227: 4221: 4206: 4202: 4195: 4188: 4177: 4173: 4166: 4164: 4147: 4141: 4139: 4122: 4118: 4112: 4110: 4093: 4089: 4083: 4081: 4065: 4061: 4055: 4036: 4030: 4022: 4018: 4013: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3988: 3981: 3965: 3959: 3957: 3940: 3934: 3932: 3923: 3917: 3915: 3906: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3873: 3871: 3855: 3851: 3844: 3829:(Report). WHO 3825: 3818: 3802: 3798: 3792: 3790: 3788: 3772:(Report). WHO 3771: 3765: 3750:(Report). WHO 3749: 3743: 3741: 3724: 3720: 3714: 3699: 3695: 3688: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3657: 3655: 3653: 3636: 3630: 3614: 3607: 3591: 3587: 3581: 3579: 3577: 3560: 3556: 3550: 3543: 3528: 3521: 3515: 3513: 3511: 3509: 3489: 3483: 3464: 3458: 3442: 3441: 3436: 3430: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3399: 3383: 3377: 3375: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3354: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3332: 3327: 3320: 3318: 3316: 3314: 3312: 3310: 3294: 3290: 3283: 3267: 3261: 3245: 3239: 3237: 3228: 3224: 3218: 3202: 3198: 3192: 3173: 3167: 3148: 3142: 3140: 3138: 3136: 3119: 3115: 3109: 3093: 3089: 3083: 3067: 3060: 3058: 3041: 3037: 3031: 3027: 3024: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3004: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2980: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2964:for external 2963: 2958: 2940: 2931: 2922: 2912: 2908: 2898: 2897:Health crisis 2895: 2894: 2890: 2884: 2879: 2869: 2866: 2865: 2861: 2858: 2857: 2853: 2850: 2847: 2844: 2841: 2840: 2835: 2831: 2830:Salome Karwah 2828: 2825: 2822: 2819: 2816: 2813: 2810: 2807: 2804: 2803: 2789: 2786: 2783: 2780: 2777: 2774: 2771: 2768: 2765: 2762: 2759: 2756: 2753: 2750: 2747: 2744: 2741: 2738: 2735: 2734: 2731: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2719: 2716: 2713: 2710: 2707: 2704: 2701: 2698: 2695: 2692: 2689: 2686: 2683: 2680: 2679: 2676: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2664: 2661: 2658: 2655: 2652: 2649: 2646: 2643: 2640: 2637: 2634: 2631: 2628: 2625: 2624: 2621: 2618: 2615: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2591: 2588: 2585: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2570: 2569: 2566: 2563: 2560: 2557: 2554: 2551: 2548: 2545: 2542: 2539: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2527: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2515: 2514: 2511: 2508: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2490: 2487: 2484: 2481: 2478: 2475: 2472: 2469: 2466: 2463: 2460: 2459: 2456: 2453: 2450: 2447: 2444: 2441: 2438: 2435: 2432: 2429: 2426: 2423: 2420: 2417: 2414: 2411: 2408: 2405: 2404: 2400: 2397: 2394: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2382: 2379: 2376: 2373: 2370: 2367: 2364: 2361: 2358: 2355: 2354: 2336:United States 2322: 2312: 2308: 2301: 2296: 2293: 2290: 2287: 2284: 2281: 2278: 2275: 2272: 2269: 2266: 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1673: 1671: 1667: 1666:herd immunity 1663: 1658: 1656: 1651: 1645: 1644:Ebola vaccine 1635: 1633: 1629: 1623: 1614: 1605: 1603: 1599: 1598: 1592: 1588: 1585: 1579: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1555: 1546: 1544: 1538: 1534: 1526: 1520:Level of care 1517: 1515: 1509: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1498:tenosynovitis 1495: 1488: 1478: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1462: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1435: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1420:feeling tired 1417: 1408: 1403: 1402:Ebola vaccine 1399: 1389: 1386: 1380: 1378: 1372: 1368: 1366: 1362: 1352: 1329: 1326: 1325:Margaret Chan 1321: 1319: 1318: 1308: 1299: 1295: 1292: 1287: 1285: 1281: 1276: 1274: 1268: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1239: 1229: 1227: 1226:Dr Peter Piot 1222: 1218: 1216: 1211: 1207: 1198: 1190: 1185: 1179: 1169: 1166: 1160: 1156: 1154: 1153:seminal fluid 1143: 1139: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1119: 1109: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1080: 1070: 1065: 1061: 1051: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1034: 1024: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 996: 994: 993:Craig 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19850:World Vision 19685:Humanitarian 19657:Localisation 19638:21st-century 19585: 19576:Henry Dunant 19287:Uganda Ebola 19006:21st century 18988:Surat plague 18958:NYC smallpox 18927:20th century 18832:19th century 18760:18th century 18681:17th century 18647:(1545, 1576) 18626:16th century 18569:Roman Plague 18538:(165–180 AD) 18532:(429–426 BC) 18479:and notable 18396: 18379: 18363: 18346: 18332:Mengla virus 18314: 18293: 18276: 18238:The Hot Zone 18236: 18180: 18124:Marburgvirus 18122: 18079:The Hot Zone 18077: 18067: 18055:(1996 novel) 18049: 18039: 18029: 18017:The Hot Zone 18015: 17961:Kent Brantly 17791: 17777: 17763: 17751: 17737: 17580: 17570: 17526:. 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