426:. During the earthquake, displacements along the fault was exclusively strike-slip. A possible explanation for the faulting behavior is due to the accretionary wedge being pushed eastwards towards the Indian Plate. Much of the inferred displacements occurred no less than 10 km (6.2 mi) beneath the surface. Peak slip was estimated at 10 m (33 ft) while the average slip across the rupture was 6 m (20 ft). Satellite mapping of the surface rupture revealed a maximum displacement of 17 m (56 ft) and averaged out at 8.5 m (28 ft). The peak slip ranked among the second largest ever observed from a continental strike-slip earthquake, behind the
348:
34:
59:
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462:, Oman, recorded a 1.09 m (3 ft 7 in) tsunami wave, the highest tsunami observation, and in Muscat, the tsunami measured 0.51 m (1 ft 8 in). The city of Sur recorded a 0.40 m (1 ft 4 in) wave. The tsunami also measured 0.13 m (5.1 in) in Ormara, Pakistan; 0.27 m (11 in) in Ashkhara, Oman; 0.23 m (9.1 in) in Chabahar, Iran; and 0.19 m (7.5 in) in Khawr Wudam, Oman.
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populated region of southern
Pakistan where most of the population live in poverty. Homes in the region were also commonly made with mud bricks which were prone to collapse during earthquakes. The shock affected about 300,000 people across the districts of Awaran, Kech, Gwadar, Panjgur, Chaghi and Khuzdar. Over 100,000 people were homeless; many survivors slept outdoors or in temporary shelters.
573:
Separatists were blamed for their role in disrupting the recovery process with their activities. In addition to attacks targeting soldiers, a medical team was also targeted. Two soldiers were killed in an explosion while transporting aid. Balochistan officials denied external assistance to the region
410:
initiated along a near-vertical fault and propagated mainly southwest along a curved fault that dipped 50° to the north. The fault segment is part of the Chaman Fault; during which its southern segment ruptured. Although the predominant rupture direction was southwest, with some rupture to the north,
585:
In
December 2018, the Pakistan army completed the construction of 75 new homes in a new village called Jebri, located in Arawan's Mashkai division. The project which began in May took approximately six months to complete. These homes were equipped with a solar panel and access to power and running
561:
The national army said over 200 medical personnel and 1,000 soldiers were dispatched to
Balochistan. The vastly mountainous area and absence of communication challenged early stage of the recovery efforts. Within a day, some severely injured people were flown to Karachi for medical attention while
517:
At least 825 people died 700 others were injured in the earthquake. It was considered the worst earthquake to affect
Pakistan since the 2005 Kashmir earthquake. Many survivors suffered broken bones or lost a limb when the buildings they were inside collapsed. The earthquake affected a sparsely
569:
targeted military convoys transporting supplies. On 26 September, two rockets were fired at a helicopter carrying a military general, the
National Disaster Management Authority chairman, other officials and media crew. Government sources blamed the attack on Balochi separatists.
552:
An aftershock on
September 28 killed an additional 15 people. In Nokjo, Arawan District, the aftershock damaged most structures and trapped their occupants. Terrified people evacuated a hospital in the district and in Quetta, a workers fled a local parliament building.
299: 6.8 aftershock, killing an additional 15 people. Rescue and recovery efforts were severely hampered by insurgents who attacked military troops sent to distribute aid. These attacks also prompted the Pakistan government to close its doors to international aid.
489:
ahortly after the mainshock. The island mostly comprised mud and sand, and some parts were rocky. Local residents visited the oval-shaped island a day after it appeared. A visitors on the island reported flammable gas emitted from ground cracks on the island.
578:, appealed to the federal government to allow foreign aid into the province. A minister spokesperson blamed separatists for hampering aid efforts and said they should reduce their forces during times of crisis. Several international organisations including
295:. The mainshock killed over 820 people, injured hundreds of others, and left 100,000 people homeless. The Awaran District was among the worst affected with 80 percent of its housing stock damaged or destroyed. On 28 September, the region was affected by a M
335:, this portion of the Eurasia plate boundary region has not experienced large damaging earthquakes in recent history. In the past 40 years, only one significant event has occurred within 200 kilometres (120 mi) of this event, which was a M
504:
said the island likely formed from a mud volcano after methane gas pushed the overlying material upwards. The
Pakistan National Institute of Oceanography observed methane emitting from the island. A similar occurrence was recorded by the
1222:
499:
John
Armbruster attributed the occurrence with liquefaction of compacted and pressurised sediments beneath the seabed. The seismic disturbance caused these sediments to eject towards the surface. Meanwhile, Gary Gibson of the
1024:
323:(western Pakistan). These motions typically result in north–south to northeast–southwest strike-slip motion at the latitude of the 24 September earthquake that is primarily accommodated on the
562:
others received assistance in nearby districts. Sixty military vehicles from
Karachi also delivered aid. The government also distributed 10,000 food kits to sustain a family for 15 days.
1510:
Jolivet, R.; Duputel, Z.; Riel, B.; Simons, M.; Rivera, L.; Minson, S. E.; Zhang, H.; Aivazis, M. A. G.; Ayoub, F.; Leprince, S.; Samsonov, S.; Motagh, M.; Fielding, E. J. (2014),
1223:"Schweres Erdbeben in Pakistan – 780 Tote (vorläufige Angabe) – Kleiner Tsunami – Neue Inseln entstanden – Schwierige Lage im Katastrophengebiet – 45 Tote bei schwerem Nachbeben"
903:
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Avouac, Jean-Philippe; Ayoub, Francois; Wei, Shengji; Ampuero, Jean-Paul; Meng, Lingsen; Leprince, Sebastien; Jolivet, Romain; Duputel, Zacharie; Helmberger, Don (2014).
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had collapsed or were damaged. There were 386 deaths in the district, 32,638 homes destroyed, and another 14,118 damaged. There were also 254 deaths in
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with a moment magnitude of 7.8, and estimated the hypocenter's depth at 12.8 km (8.0 mi). The earthquake occurred as a result of the oblique-
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817:"Possible sources of the tsunami observed in the northwestern Indian Ocean following the 2013 September 24 Mw 7.7 Pakistan inland earthquake"
687:"Backprojection analyses from four regional arrays for rupture over a curved dipping fault: The Mw 7.7 24 September 2013 Pakistan earthquake"
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An island measuring 200 m (660 ft) long, 100 m (330 ft) across and 20 m (66 ft) high, appeared in the
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The source fault, identified as the Hoshab Fault, was likely an old thrust fault due to its shallow dip angle. It formed within an
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in the 1940s when a temporary island appeared before being washed away. By late 2016, the island had completely disappeared.
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system. Further, more in-depth studies will be required to identify the precise fault associated with this event. Although
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Most homes and buildings in the region were constructed of mud bricks and collapsed during the earthquake and subsequent
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boundary where the Indian Plate slides northward relative to the
Eurasia Plate in the east, and the Arabia Plate
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Surface Rupture and Slip Distribution Resulting from the 2013 M7.7 Balochistan, Pakistan Earthquake
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Avouac, J-P; Ayoub, F.; Wei, S.; Ampuero, J-P.; Meng, L.; Leprince, S.; Jolivet, R.; Duputel, Z.;
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said the central government did not give them permission to assist despite the group's readiness.
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1465:"The 2013, Mw 7.7 Balochistan earthquake, energetic strike-slip reactivation of a thrust fault"
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736:"The 2013, Mw 7.7 Balochistan earthquake, energetic strike-slip reactivation of a thrust fault"
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Wang, Dun; Kawakatsu, Hitoshi; Mori, Jim; Ali, Babar; Ren, Zhikun; Shen, Xuelin (March 2016).
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Rescue efforts were further challenged when attacks from an alleged rebel group linked with
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1512:"The 2013 Mw 7.7 Balochistan earthquake : Seismic potential of an accretionary wedge"
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zone. The event occurred within the transition zone between northward subduction of the
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525:. An official in the Balochistan province claimed that 80 percent of the homes in the
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Reitman, N. G.; Gold, R. D.; Briggs, R. W.; Barnhart, W. D.; Hayes, G. P. (2014).
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propagation velocity also occurred along some segments during the mainshock.
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1087:"Pakistan earthquake: hundreds feared dead in remote Baluchistan province"
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depths. The location and mechanism of the earthquake are consistent with
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1198:"Awaran Earthquake Balochistan Situation Report - 53 (18 November 2013)"
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1542:
1430:"Pakistani Quake Victims Suffer As Government Denies International Aid"
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citing the security concerns. However, the provincial chief minister,
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1378:"Poor Logistics, Attacks Hinder Quake Rescue Efforts In Balochistan"
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963:"New Pakistani island formed after quake unlikely to last: Experts"
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339: 6.1 earthquake in July 1990 that killed six people.
1408:"Balochistan residents get 'model homes' five years after quake"
938:"Pakistan earthquake creates new island, 'mud volcano' to blame"
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320:
668:
ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1904–2018)
275:
since 2005. The mainshock, occurring on 24 September, had a
1047:"825 dead, relief slow to reach Balochistan quake victims"
904:"Island discovered as a result of earthquake in Pakistan"
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most of the aftershocks occurred north of the epicenter.
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879:"Pakistan quake island off Gwadar 'emits flammable gas'"
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located 60–70 km (37–43 mi) off the coast of
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Pakistan quake island off Gwadar 'emits flammable gas'
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1065:"Pakistan: Death toll in the earthquake rises to 515"
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indicates earthquake resulting in at least 30 deaths
1275:"Massive aftershock rattles Balochistan, killing 15"
684:
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40:
1277:. Taipei Times. Associated Press. 30 September 2013
1117:"Pakistan earthquake: Hundreds dead in Balochistan"
402:The mainshock produced a 200 km (120 mi)
311:of southern and central Pakistan reflect a complex
849:"Deadly earthquake strikes Pakistan's Balochistan"
814:
2135:
1519:Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
872:
870:
782:. Fall Meeting 2014. American Geophysical Union.
2159:History of Balochistan, Pakistan (1947–present)
1326:"New earthquake strikes Pakistan's Balochistan"
1169:"At least 208 killed in Balochistan earthquake"
1915:indicates the deadliest earthquake of the year
931:
929:
798:"M 6.8 - 96 km NNE of Awaran, Pakistan 2013"
2164:History of science and technology in Pakistan
1946:
1617:
1143:"Relief slow to reach Pakistan quake victims"
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815:Heidarzadeh, Mohammad; Satake, Kenji (2014).
808:
691:Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
1960:
1631:
1300:"Death toll rises to 330 in Pakistan quake"
1196:Govermment of Pakistan (19 November 2013).
926:
648:"M 7.7 - 63km NNE of Awaran, Pakistan 2013"
319:northward beneath the Eurasia Plate in the
2174:Earthquake clusters, swarms, and sequences
1953:
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477:of Zalzala Jazeera off the coast of Gwadar
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1352:"Pakistan quake death toll rises to 350"
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291:, 113 km (70 mi) northwest of
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936:Subbaraman, Nidhi (28 September 2013).
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1428:Siddique, Abubakar (16 October 2013).
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1015:"Balochistan quake: toll jumps to 825"
969:. The Straits Times. 25 September 2013
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430:. The largest aftershock, measuring M
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247: 4.0 (as of 25 September 2014)
1565:M7.7 - 61km NNE of Awaran, Pakistan
1472:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
1344:
1249:"Pakistani quake area struck again"
1027:from the original on 4 October 2013
955:
743:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
664:
658:
629:
355:The earthquake was recorded by the
351:USGS ShakeMap showing for the event
302:
13:
1578:International Seismological Centre
1567:– United States Geological Survey.
989:"Gwadar's quake island disappears"
673:International Seismological Centre
442:A tsunami, likely triggered by an
357:International Seismological Centre
287:). It had an epicenter located in
14:
2195:
2169:September 2013 events in Pakistan
1918:Times for all earthquakes are in
1558:
877:Khan, Ilyas (27 September 2013).
821:Geophysical Journal International
48:Show map of Balochistan, Pakistan
1527:Seismological Society of America
1406:Khan, Naimat (24 January 2019).
1085:Boone, Jon (25 September 2013).
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1434:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
1382:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
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617:List of earthquakes in Pakistan
390:and northward collision of the
219:
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16:Violent earthquake in Pakistan
1:
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454:in countries surrounding the
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271:were the deadliest to affect
159:12.8 kilometres (8.0 mi)
910:. CNN-News18. Archived from
556:
269:2013 Balochistan earthquakes
22:2013 Balochistan earthquakes
7:
1828:Lake Grassmere, New Zealand
1676:Santa Cruz, Solomon Islands
1229:(in German). 1 October 2013
612:List of earthquakes in 2013
589:
10:
2200:
2149:2013 disasters in Pakistan
1496:10.1016/j.epsl.2014.01.036
763:10.1016/j.epsl.2014.01.036
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804:. U.S. Geological Survey.
654:. U.S. Geological Survey.
567:anti-government campaigns
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2103:December 2015 Hindu Kush
394:with the Eurasia Plate.
2179:Strike-slip earthquakes
2154:Earthquakes in Pakistan
2098:October 2015 Hindu Kush
1962:Earthquakes in Pakistan
1653:Alaska-British Columbia
1488:2014E&PSL.391..128A
755:2014E&PSL.391..128A
580:Doctors Without Borders
502:University of Melbourne
363:type motion at shallow
261:840 killed, 700 injured
2184:Supershear earthquakes
478:
352:
307:On a broad scale, the
1020:The Nation (Pakistan)
802:Comprehensive Catalog
652:Comprehensive Catalog
473:
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1740:Laghman, Afghanistan
1071:. 27 September 2013.
967:Agence-France Presse
908:Press Trust of India
712:10.1002/2015JB012168
73:Show map of Pakistan
1801:Seddon, New Zealand
1636:Earthquakes in 2013
1535:2014BuSSA.104.1020J
1384:. 26 September 2013
1358:. 26 September 2013
1332:. 29 September 2013
1306:. 25 September 2013
1255:. 28 September 2013
1177:. 25 September 2013
1149:. 27 September 2013
1123:. 25 September 2013
855:. 25 September 2013
703:2016JGRB..121.1948W
494:Columbia University
279:of 7.8 and maximum
181: /
89:2013-09-24 11:29:47
23:
1872:Bohol, Philippines
1586:authoritative data
1543:10.1785/0120130313
1069:The Indian Express
1023:. 1 October 2013.
995:. 31 December 2016
834:10.1093/gji/ggu297
576:Abdul Malik Baloch
479:
458:. A tide gauge in
450:, was recorded by
444:undersea landslide
420:accretionary wedge
413:Supershear rupture
353:
333:seismically active
281:Mercalli intensity
21:
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2108:2019 Azad Kashmir
2012:1981 Darel Valley
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1053:. 4 October 2013.
914:on 9 October 2013
485:off the coast of
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185:26.951°N 65.501°E
123:24 September 2013
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2144:2013 earthquakes
2118:2022 Durand Line
2113:2021 Balochistan
2083:2013 Balochistan
2002:1945 Balochistan
1969:Pre-20th century
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277:moment magnitude
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1981:1885 Kashmir
1976:1555 Kashmir
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1793:(6.1, Jul 2
1776:(6.3, Jun 2)
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1678:(8.0, Feb 6)
1655:(7.6, Jan 5)
1582:bibliography
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1439:18 September
1437:. Retrieved
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1411:. Retrieved
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1091:The Guardian
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912:the original
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886:. Retrieved
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249:Largest is M
229:
205:Oblique-slip
18:
2063:2008 Ziarat
2032:1997 Harnai
2007:1974 Pattan
1997:1935 Quetta
1757:Okhotsk Sea
1482:: 128–134,
999:31 December
749:: 128-134.
523:aftershocks
483:Arabian Sea
456:Arabian Sea
452:tide gauges
371:within the
361:strike-slip
253: 6.8
240:Aftershocks
188: /
97: event
2138:Categories
2123:March 2023
2027:1992 Kohat
1573:– BBC News
1330:Al Jazeera
1147:Al Jazeera
1051:Dunya News
623:References
380:subduction
375:above the
343:Earthquake
258:Casualties
176:65°30′04″E
173:26°57′04″N
86: time
1838:September
1596:main page
1592:ReliefWeb
1202:ReliefWeb
1031:4 October
721:130332801
557:Aftermath
545:and 6 in
309:tectonics
222:intensity
164:Epicenter
140:Magnitude
131:16:29:48
101:608458290
1886:November
1669:February
1480:Elsevier
1463:(2014),
1304:CNN News
1253:BBC News
1121:BBC News
1025:Archived
942:NBC News
883:BBC News
853:BBC News
590:See also
537:, 17 in
533:, 60 in
460:Qurayyat
317:subducts
273:Pakistan
228:MMI IX (
214:Pakistan
1865:October
1646:January
1584:and/or
1551:2740851
1531:Bibcode
1504:2439995
1484:Bibcode
1452:Sources
751:Bibcode
699:Bibcode
586:water.
541:, 9 in
535:Khuzdar
438:Tsunami
398:Rupture
369:rupture
365:crustal
285:Violent
283:of IX (
230:Violent
135:(UTC+5)
1821:August
1580:has a
1549:
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547:Gwadar
543:Chagai
513:Impact
487:Gwadar
466:Island
448:Jiwani
406:. The
321:Makran
114:ComCat
1703:April
1686:March
1547:S2CID
1525:(2),
1515:(PDF)
1500:S2CID
1468:(PDF)
739:(PDF)
717:S2CID
539:Kalat
329:fault
313:plate
243:50 ≥M
156:Depth
107:USGS-
1784:July
1767:June
1594:'s
1576:The
1441:2024
1415:2024
1390:2024
1364:2013
1338:2024
1312:2024
1283:2024
1261:2024
1235:2024
1209:2013
1183:2013
1174:Dawn
1155:2024
1129:2024
1098:2024
1033:2013
1001:2016
993:Dawn
975:2024
949:2024
920:2013
890:2013
861:2013
794:ANSS
644:ANSS
531:Kech
293:Bela
267:The
220:Max.
201:Type
109:ANSS
1920:UTC
1750:May
1539:doi
1523:104
1492:doi
1476:391
1356:CNN
829:doi
825:199
759:doi
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151:7.8
133:PKT
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145:M
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