113:
120:
127:
2788:
27:
308:
The elections were described to be free and fair by many international observers, and it played a major role in solidifying
Bangladeshi democracy in aftermath of the anti-government protests in late 1980s. Voter turnout was 55.4%.
358:". On 6 December 1990, the day of Ershad's resignation, parliament was dissolved and new elections were scheduled for 2 March 1991, but subsequently advanced to 27 February, with all major political parties participating.
390:, led by Sheikh Hasina, won only 88 seats. However, there was little difference between the two main parties in terms of the popular vote share, with BNP only receiving around 250,000 votes more than the Awami League.
3061:
2986:
2707:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2981:
2976:
2754:
293:(BNP) emerged as the largest party in parliament, winning 140 of the 300 directly elected seats. The BNP formed a government with the support of the Islamic party
2704:
3084:
393:
Of the directly elected 300 seats, only four were won by female candidates. Following the elections, the BNP won 28 of the 30 reserved seats for women.
539:
354:
win 251 of the 300 seats. However, the elections had been boycotted by all major opposition parties and were described by one
Western diplomat as "
2858:
2853:
2776:
2848:
2497:
386:
The elections saw the BNP win 140 of the 300 directly elected seats, 11 short of a parliamentary majority. The BNP's primary rivals, the
2626:
3094:
2893:
2485:
51:
3089:
3066:
2843:
2833:
2784:
3120:
2646:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2898:
755:
3115:
807:
2940:
2769:
378:
for women. The reserved seats were elected by the directly elected members. Each parliament sits for a five-year term.
375:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2561:
347:
41:
340:
318:
2666:
3125:
2863:
2800:
2723:
Kumar Panday, Pranab (1 September 2008). "Representation without
Participation: Quotas for Women in Bangladesh".
1302:
888:
674:
2968:
2762:
969:
620:
593:
2838:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2578:
2493:
1910:
1354:
431:
322:
302:
290:
272:
246:
157:
942:
834:
2606:
485:
371:
294:
2500:
and the country returned to being a parliamentary democracy in line with its founding constitution.
1481:
1275:
1048:
996:
915:
861:
333:
2792:
2489:
2162:
701:
336:
147:
2496:, making the presidency largely a ceremonial role. The vote was overwhelmingly in favour of the
112:
2488:
a constitutional referendum was held, which sought the transfer of executive powers from the
512:
351:
257:
167:
2522:
8:
2740:
2651:
2631:
339:
from the presidency in
December. Ershad had assumed the presidency in 1983 following a
2691:
2744:
2611:
2557:
1608:
647:
2732:
728:
253:
119:
2711:
2471:
367:
65:
2705:
Alangkar or
Ahangkar? Reserved-Seat Women Members in the Bangladesh Parliament
1962:
Humanitarian organization for the prevention of smoking and drug abuse (JIFSA)
3109:
2736:
2549:
329:
142:
2579:"Report on election activities: Jatiya Sangsad Elections, 1991 (in Bengali)"
2548:
458:
387:
162:
126:
566:
325:
298:
268:
137:
2787:
286:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2576:
374:
in single-member constituencies, and an additional 30 seats
2523:"BANGLADESH: parliamentary elections Jatiya Sangsad, 1991"
2627:"Bangladesh Leader in Military Regime Assumes Presidency"
2647:"Ruling Party Is Declared the Winner in Bangladesh"
400:
3107:
241:
370:consisted of 300 directly elected seats using
2770:
2722:
2552:; Florian Grotz; Christof Hartmann (2001).
1760:Bangladesh People's League (Goariobi Newaz)
1225:Bangladesh Samyabadi Dal (Marxist-Leninist)
1125:Jatiya Janata Party–Ganatantrik Oikkya Jote
970:Bangladesh Samajtantrik Dal (Khaliquzzaman)
2777:
2763:
2716:
2314:National Awami Party (Nur Mohammad Kazi)
2793:Elections and referendums in Bangladesh
2577:Bangladesh Election Commission (1991).
2517:
2515:
2513:
1860:Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Mukti Andolan
350:had been held in 1988 and saw Ershad's
3108:
2725:International Political Science Review
2239:Bangladesh Islamic Revolutionary Party
540:Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League
2758:
2607:"WORLD: Ershad Resigns in Bangladesh"
2452:
2439:
2426:
2413:
2087:National Awami Party (Sadequr Rahman)
808:United Communist League of Bangladesh
409:
406:
403:
2639:
2619:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2510:
1583:Jatiyatabadi Ganatantrik Chhashi Dal
1175:Bangladesh Samajtantrik Dal (Mahbub)
2137:Bangladesh Islamic Biplobi Parishad
1685:Islamic Samajtantrik Dal Bangladesh
916:Bangladesh Muslim League (Ainuddin)
361:
301:was sworn in for her first term as
13:
2554:Elections in Asia: A data handbook
2470:, Bangladesh Election Commission,
14:
3137:
2537:
19:1991 Bangladeshi general election
2786:
2339:Bangladesh Jatiya People's Party
1482:Bangladesh Muslim League (Yusuf)
1276:Bangladesh Muslim League (Matin)
1150:Jomiyatay Wulamayya Islami Party
997:Bangladesh Muslim League (Kader)
125:
118:
111:
25:
3121:General elections in Bangladesh
1885:Bangladesh National Hindu Party
1303:National Awami Party (Bhashani)
889:Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Siraj)
675:National Awami Party (Muzaffar)
285:General elections were held in
69:151 seats needed for a majority
2697:
2685:
2659:
2570:
2214:Bangladesh Adarsha Krishak Dal
1660:Bangladesh Nezam-e-Islam Party
1:
2503:
702:Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Inu)
621:Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Rab)
594:Communist Party of Bangladesh
312:
3116:1991 elections in Bangladesh
2703:Nizam Ahmed and Sadik Hasan
2556:. Vol. I. p. 537.
2479:
1911:Jatiyatabadi Ganatantrik Dal
1558:Bangladesh National Congress
1431:Jatiya Janata Party (Ashraf)
1406:Pragotishil Ganatantrik Sakt
1355:Sramik Krishak Samajbadi Dal
1329:Pragotishil Jatiyatabadi Dal
432:Bangladesh Nationalist Party
291:Bangladesh Nationalist Party
64:300 of the 330 seats in the
7:
2667:"Tenure of All Parliaments"
2584:. Government Printing Press
2525:. Inter-Parliamentary Union
2037:Bangladesh Manobatabadi Dal
1456:Bangladesh Jatiya Tanti Dal
943:Workers Party of Bangladesh
835:Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan
10:
3142:
1533:Jatiya Janata Party (Asad)
486:Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami
381:
372:first-past-the-post voting
3077:
2967:
2939:
2799:
2694:Inter-Parliamentary Union
2498:constitutional amendments
2465:
2461:
2453:Registered voters/turnout
2448:
2435:
2422:
2409:
2386:
2112:Bangladesh Khilafat Party
1710:Bangladesh Freedom League
1609:Gano Azadi League (Samad)
1075:Bangladesh Inquilab Party
756:National Democratic Party
423:
420:
417:
414:
289:on 27 February 1991. The
264:Subsequent Prime Minister
239:
89:
81:
73:
62:
35:
23:
2737:10.1177/0192512108095724
2671:Parliament of Bangladesh
1810:Bangladesh Jana Parishad
1735:Peoples Democratic Party
1049:Jatiya Ganotantrik Party
862:Bangladesh Freedom Party
356:a mockery of an election
2163:Bangladesh Islami Front
2012:Bangladesh Labour Party
1200:Bangladesh Hindu League
366:The 330 members of the
348:parliamentary elections
337:Hussain Muhammad Ershad
3126:1991 elections in Asia
2941:Presidential elections
2289:Jatiya Sramajibi Party
2264:Bangladesh Bekar Party
2189:Bangladesh Bekar Samaj
782:Bangladesh Janata Dal
319:popular mass uprising
1835:Muslim Peoples Party
1381:Jatiya Biplobi Front
2635:. 12 December 1983.
2427:Invalid/blank votes
1987:Jatiya Tarun Sangha
1100:Jatiya Oikkya Front
397:
341:coup d'état in 1982
332:deposed the former
174:Last election
20:
2710:2020-10-27 at the
2673:. 30 December 2012
2652:The New York Times
2632:The New York Times
2615:. 6 December 1990.
1508:Jatiya Jukta Front
1023:Janata Mukti Party
396:
204:Popular vote
52:February 1996
18:
3103:
3102:
2801:General elections
2612:Los Angeles Times
2477:
2476:
1937:Democratic League
648:Islami Oikya Jote
283:
282:
279:
278:
235:
234:
58:
57:
3133:
2791:
2790:
2779:
2772:
2765:
2756:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2720:
2714:
2701:
2695:
2692:Electoral system
2689:
2683:
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2663:
2657:
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2617:
2616:
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2591:
2589:
2583:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2546:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2519:
1785:Jatiya Mukti Dal
1250:Oikkya Prakriyya
729:Ganatantri Party
398:
395:
362:Electoral system
297:and on 20 March
254:Kazi Zafar Ahmed
242:
129:
122:
115:
91:
90:
47:27 February 1991
37:
36:
30:
29:
28:
21:
17:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3130:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3073:
2969:Local elections
2963:
2935:
2795:
2785:
2783:
2753:
2752:
2721:
2717:
2712:Wayback Machine
2702:
2698:
2690:
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2664:
2660:
2655:. 6 March 1988.
2645:
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2640:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2605:
2604:
2597:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2575:
2571:
2564:
2547:
2538:
2528:
2526:
2521:
2520:
2511:
2506:
2482:
2466:Source: Nohlen
1635:Janasakti Party
384:
364:
323:Prime Ministers
315:
295:Jamaat-e-Islami
271:
266:
256:
251:
249:before election
240:
188:Seats won
68:
63:
31:
26:
24:
12:
11:
5:
3139:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3071:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2973:
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2965:
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2962:
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2956:
2951:
2945:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2934:
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2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2805:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2782:
2781:
2774:
2767:
2759:
2751:
2750:
2731:(4): 489–512.
2715:
2696:
2684:
2658:
2638:
2618:
2595:
2569:
2562:
2536:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2494:Prime Minister
2486:September 1991
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2240:
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2209:
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2199:
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2135:
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2125:
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2119:
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2110:
2107:
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2100:
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2075:
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2038:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1978:
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1972:
1969:
1966:
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1021:
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936:
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927:
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734:
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672:
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629:
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623:
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584:
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569:
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434:
429:
426:
425:
422:
419:
416:
412:
411:
408:
405:
402:
383:
380:
368:Jatiya Sangsad
363:
360:
321:led by future
314:
311:
303:Prime Minister
281:
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277:
276:
261:
247:Prime Minister
237:
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359:
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353:
349:
346:The previous
344:
342:
338:
335:
331:
330:Sheikh Hasina
327:
324:
320:
310:
306:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
275:
274:
270:
265:
262:
260:
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238:
230:
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225:
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198:
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179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
144:
143:Sheikh Hasina
141:
139:
136:
133:
132:
128:
124:
121:
117:
114:
110:
107:
106:
102:
100:Second party
99:
96:
93:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
67:
61:
54: →
53:
50:
48:
45:
43:
40:←
39:
38:
34:
22:
16:
3067:
2929:
2888:
2728:
2724:
2718:
2699:
2687:
2675:. Retrieved
2670:
2661:
2650:
2641:
2630:
2621:
2610:
2586:. Retrieved
2572:
2553:
2527:. Retrieved
2483:
2472:Kumar Panday
2467:
2364:Independents
513:Jatiya Party
459:Awami League
392:
388:Awami League
385:
365:
355:
352:Jatiya Party
345:
316:
307:
284:
267:
263:
252:
245:
223:
207:
191:
103:Third party
97:First party
46:
15:
3078:Referendums
2677:30 December
2440:Total votes
2414:Valid votes
2062:Ideal Party
567:Zaker Party
326:Khaleda Zia
299:Khaleda Zia
269:Khaleda Zia
220:Percentage
212:10,259,866
148:H.M. Ershad
138:Khaleda Zia
3110:Categories
2899:1996 (Jun)
2894:1996 (Feb)
2504:References
2456:62,181,743
2443:34,477,703
2417:34,103,677
2390:34,103,677
463:10,259,866
436:10,507,549
334:Army Chief
317:In 1990 a
313:Background
287:Bangladesh
215:4,063,537
208:10,507,549
183:251 seats
180:Boycotted
177:Boycotted
77:62,181,743
74:Registered
2745:220874021
2529:2 January
2490:President
2480:Aftermath
2367:1,497,369
517:4,063,537
490:4,136,661
2708:Archived
418:Reserved
376:reserved
3068:2024–25
3062:2020–21
2987:1983–84
2492:to the
2430:374,026
812:110,517
785:120,729
760:121,918
733:152,529
706:171,011
679:259,978
652:269,434
625:269,451
598:407,515
571:417,737
544:616,014
415:General
382:Results
231:11.92%
228:30.08%
134:Leader
108:
94:
82:Turnout
2743:
2588:29 May
2560:
2468:et al.
2446:100.00
2393:100.00
1280:11,073
1253:11,074
1228:11,275
1203:11,941
1178:13,413
1153:15,073
1128:20,568
1103:21,624
1078:24,310
1053:24,761
1026:30,962
1001:32,693
974:34,868
947:63,434
920:66,565
893:84,276
866:90,781
839:93,049
224:30.81%
154:Party
85:55.45%
2741:S2CID
2582:(PDF)
2459:55.45
2420:98.92
2387:Total
1713:1,034
1688:1,039
1663:1,236
1638:1,263
1613:1,314
1586:1,317
1561:1,421
1536:1,570
1511:2,668
1486:2,757
1459:3,115
1434:3,187
1409:3,598
1384:3,671
1359:6,396
1332:6,677
1307:9,129
520:11.92
493:12.13
466:30.08
439:30.81
421:Total
410:Seats
404:Votes
401:Party
258:JP(E)
168:JP(E)
3095:1991
3090:1985
3085:1977
3057:2019
3052:2018
3047:2016
3042:2015
3037:2014
3032:2011
3027:2009
3022:2003
3017:2000
3012:1997
3007:1994
3002:1990
2997:1988
2992:1985
2982:1977
2977:1973
2959:1986
2954:1981
2949:1978
2930:Next
2924:2024
2919:2018
2914:2014
2909:2008
2904:2001
2889:1991
2884:1988
2879:1986
2874:1979
2869:1973
2864:1970
2859:1965
2854:1962
2849:1954
2844:1946
2839:1945
2834:1937
2829:1934
2824:1930
2819:1926
2814:1923
2809:1920
2679:2018
2590:2022
2558:ISBN
2531:2019
2433:1.08
2370:4.39
2345:0.00
2320:0.00
2295:0.00
2270:0.00
2245:0.00
2220:0.00
2195:0.00
2170:0.00
2143:0.00
2118:0.00
2093:0.00
2068:0.00
2043:0.00
2018:0.00
1993:0.00
1968:0.00
1943:0.00
1918:0.00
1891:0.00
1866:0.00
1841:0.00
1816:0.00
1791:0.00
1766:0.00
1741:0.00
1716:0.00
1691:0.00
1666:0.00
1641:0.00
1616:0.00
1589:0.00
1564:0.00
1539:0.00
1514:0.01
1489:0.01
1462:0.01
1437:0.01
1412:0.01
1387:0.01
1362:0.02
1335:0.02
1310:0.03
1283:0.03
1256:0.03
1231:0.03
1206:0.04
1181:0.04
1156:0.04
1131:0.06
1106:0.06
1081:0.07
1056:0.07
1029:0.09
1004:0.10
977:0.10
950:0.19
923:0.20
896:0.25
869:0.27
842:0.27
815:0.32
788:0.35
763:0.36
736:0.45
709:0.50
682:0.76
655:0.79
628:0.79
601:1.19
574:1.22
547:1.81
532:–216
328:and
42:1988
2733:doi
2484:In
2405:+30
2402:330
2396:300
2382:–22
2357:New
2332:New
2307:New
2282:New
2257:New
2242:138
2232:New
2217:154
2207:New
2192:182
2182:New
2167:202
2155:New
2140:214
2130:New
2115:241
2105:New
2090:248
2080:New
2065:251
2055:New
2040:294
2030:New
2015:318
2005:New
1990:417
1980:New
1965:453
1955:New
1940:453
1930:New
1915:496
1903:New
1888:502
1878:New
1863:503
1853:New
1838:515
1828:New
1813:686
1803:New
1788:723
1778:New
1763:742
1753:New
1738:879
1728:New
1703:New
1678:New
1653:New
1628:New
1601:New
1576:New
1551:New
1526:New
1501:New
1474:New
1449:New
1424:New
1399:New
1374:New
1347:New
1322:New
1295:New
1268:New
1243:New
1218:New
1193:New
1168:New
1143:New
1118:New
1093:New
1068:New
1041:New
1016:New
989:New
962:New
935:New
827:New
800:New
775:New
748:New
721:New
694:New
667:New
640:New
613:New
586:New
559:New
505:New
478:New
451:New
448:168
442:140
424:+/–
273:BNP
199:35
196:88
192:140
158:BNP
3112::
2739:.
2729:29
2727:.
2669:.
2649:.
2629:.
2609:.
2598:^
2539:^
2512:^
2399:30
2342:25
2317:27
2292:28
2267:39
908:–2
881:–2
529:35
523:35
502:20
496:18
475:88
469:88
445:28
343:.
305:.
163:AL
2778:e
2771:t
2764:v
2747:.
2735::
2681:.
2592:.
2566:.
2533:.
2379:3
2376:0
2373:3
2354:0
2351:0
2348:0
2329:0
2326:0
2323:0
2304:0
2301:0
2298:0
2279:0
2276:0
2273:0
2254:0
2251:0
2248:0
2229:0
2226:0
2223:0
2204:0
2201:0
2198:0
2179:0
2176:0
2173:0
2152:0
2149:0
2146:0
2127:0
2124:0
2121:0
2102:0
2099:0
2096:0
2077:0
2074:0
2071:0
2052:0
2049:0
2046:0
2027:0
2024:0
2021:0
2002:0
1999:0
1996:0
1977:0
1974:0
1971:0
1952:0
1949:0
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556:5
553:0
550:5
526:0
499:2
472:0
407:%
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