434:
80:
837:. On the day before the elections, the newspaper reported "Despite the lively participation of 26 candidates, the Bangladesh presidential election campaign that ended here today has been dominated almost entirely by the auras of two dead adversaries. The two - Sheik Mujibur Rahman, who led the country to independence and was killed in 1975, and Gen. Ziaur Rahman, who governed for five years until he was murdered by army officers last May 30 - were the centerpieces at huge rallies that the two major parties staged here in the capital."
222:
303:
383:
1537:
1186:
711:
233:
27:
87:
433:
816:
on 4 June, Satter announced that in line with the constitution, elections would be held within 180 days of the death of the former president, to "foil any conspiracy to disturb the democratic process in the country."
1459:
1384:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1379:
1374:
461:
1525:
1152:
1503:
1482:
562:
1518:
748:
1256:
1251:
1174:
1143:
1246:
1652:
447:
276:
251:
1657:
1511:
1492:
1291:
679:
1487:
1464:
1241:
1231:
1182:
661:
657:
647:
642:
1533:
1131:
619:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1565:
1555:
1356:
1346:
1296:
605:
600:
512:
51:
41:
721:
1647:
408:
1541:
1338:
741:
1167:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1108:
576:
468:
351:
1069:
1077:
399:
1642:
1261:
1198:
967:
962:
734:
692:
633:
1366:
1160:
567:
542:
488:
361:
971:
794:
390:
281:
1236:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
871:
802:
770:
186:
168:
112:
669:
475:
441:
322:
829:, much of the campaign revolved around the legacy of the two late leaders of the BNP and Awami League,
271:
242:
684:
866:
805:
766:
356:
294:
266:
182:
163:
97:
1190:
1073:
947:
778:
528:
521:
425:
310:
176:
156:
499:
346:
834:
334:
697:
674:
315:
8:
452:
826:
812:
of
Bangladesh, despite being in hospital at the time. Speaking to foreign reporters in
1104:
715:
480:
256:
809:
79:
924:
798:
765:
on 15 November 1981. The result was a victory for the incumbent acting
President
261:
302:
221:
382:
374:
339:
327:
1636:
1096:
906:
886:
774:
493:
102:
891:
830:
790:
117:
942:
813:
773:(BNP), who received 65.5% of the vote, beating his principal challenger
1536:
1185:
1076:, who assumed the Presidency in 1983, until being deposed himself in a
762:
232:
86:
1144:
In
Bangladesh Election, the Aura of Two Dead Leaders Is Pervasive
535:
1634:
1132:Acting President in Dacca Promises New Elections
151:
1099:, Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001)
1519:
1168:
742:
1101:Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume I
1526:
1512:
1175:
1161:
749:
735:
1191:Elections and referendums in Bangladesh
204:This article is part of a series on the
1635:
19:1981 Bangladeshi presidential election
1507:
1156:
1068:Sattar was overthrown in a bloodless
1042:
1031:
1020:
1009:
849:
1653:Presidential elections in Bangladesh
1542:Presidential elections in Bangladesh
1146:The New York Times, 14 November 1981
1127:
1125:
761:Presidential elections were held in
13:
1658:November 1981 events in Bangladesh
432:
381:
301:
220:
14:
1669:
1122:
1535:
1184:
797:by a faction of officers of the
709:
231:
85:
78:
25:
1134:The New York Times, 5 June 1981
1137:
1113:
1090:
801:. Following the assassination
1:
1083:
1078:popular mass uprising in 1990
784:
1648:1981 elections in Bangladesh
1072:by the Army Chief of Staff,
1063:
872:Bangladesh Nationalist Party
771:Bangladesh Nationalist Party
563:Parliamentary constituencies
7:
820:
781:. Voter turnout was 56.5%.
643:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
10:
1674:
840:
789:In May 1981 the President
1574:
1548:
1475:
1365:
1337:
1197:
1070:coup d'état in March 1982
1053:
1043:Registered voters/turnout
1005:
994:
983:
858:
855:
852:
808:automatically became the
149:
70:
62:
35:
23:
514:Administrative divisions
409:Leader of the Opposition
1074:Hussain Muhammad Ershad
948:Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal
1643:1981 elections in Asia
1339:Presidential elections
658:Diplomatic missions of
500:Bangladesh Bar Council
437:
386:
306:
225:
213:Politics of Bangladesh
835:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
716:Bangladesh portal
436:
385:
305:
224:
698:Bangladeshi diaspora
316:Mohammed Shahabuddin
1119:Nohlen et al., p545
1021:Invalid/blank votes
984:33 other candidates
846:
568:Election commission
469:Metropolitan courts
453:High Court Division
400:Leader of the House
20:
845:
827:the New York Times
635:Foreign relations
448:Appellate Division
438:
387:
307:
226:
124:Popular vote
18:
1630:
1629:
1501:
1500:
1199:General elections
1061:
1060:
759:
758:
693:Foreign relations
680:Visa requirements
620:Political parties
481:Syed Refaat Ahmed
362:Local governments
257:Law of Bangladesh
214:
197:
196:
193:
192:
145:
144:
58:
57:
1665:
1540:
1539:
1528:
1521:
1514:
1505:
1504:
1189:
1188:
1177:
1170:
1163:
1154:
1153:
1147:
1141:
1135:
1129:
1120:
1117:
1111:
1094:
847:
844:
810:acting President
751:
744:
737:
714:
713:
712:
636:
557:
515:
489:Attorney General
428:
377:
297:
245:
235:
215:
212:
205:
199:
198:
152:
89:
82:
72:
71:
47:15 November 1981
37:
36:
30:
29:
28:
21:
17:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1633:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1570:
1544:
1534:
1532:
1502:
1497:
1471:
1367:Local elections
1361:
1333:
1193:
1183:
1181:
1151:
1150:
1142:
1138:
1130:
1123:
1118:
1114:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1066:
1054:Source: Nohlen
925:M. A. G. Osmani
843:
823:
799:Bangladesh Army
787:
755:
726:
722:Other countries
710:
708:
703:
702:
689:
670:Nationality law
666:
654:
638:
634:
626:
625:
615:
591:
558:
555:
548:
547:
517:
513:
505:
504:
462:District courts
430:
426:
418:
417:
379:
375:
367:
366:
343:
340:Yunus (interim)
331:
319:
299:
295:
287:
286:
282:Judicial review
262:Bangladesh Code
247:
243:
211:
203:
185:
180:
167:
161:
159:before election
150:
31:
26:
24:
12:
11:
5:
1671:
1661:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1545:
1531:
1530:
1523:
1516:
1508:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1371:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1343:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1203:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1180:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1157:
1149:
1148:
1136:
1121:
1112:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1002:
999:
996:
992:
991:
988:
985:
981:
980:
977:
974:
965:
963:Muzaffar Ahmed
960:
957:
956:
953:
950:
945:
940:
937:
936:
933:
930:
927:
922:
919:
918:
915:
912:
909:
904:
901:
900:
897:
894:
889:
884:
881:
880:
877:
874:
869:
864:
861:
860:
857:
854:
851:
842:
839:
822:
819:
803:Vice President
786:
783:
757:
756:
754:
753:
746:
739:
731:
728:
727:
725:
724:
718:
705:
704:
701:
700:
695:
688:
687:
682:
677:
672:
665:
664:
653:
652:
651:
650:
639:
632:
631:
628:
627:
624:
623:
616:
614:
613:
608:
603:
599:Presidential:
596:
593:
592:
590:
589:
584:
579:
572:
570:
565:
559:
554:
553:
550:
549:
546:
545:
543:Local Councils
539:
538:
532:
531:
525:
524:
518:
511:
510:
507:
506:
503:
502:
497:
485:
484:
472:
471:
465:
464:
458:
457:
456:
455:
450:
431:
424:
423:
420:
419:
416:
415:
406:
397:
380:
373:
372:
369:
368:
365:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
332:
328:Muhammad Yunus
320:
300:
293:
292:
289:
288:
285:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
248:
241:
240:
237:
236:
228:
227:
217:
216:
208:
207:
195:
194:
191:
190:
172:
147:
146:
143:
142:
139:
136:
132:
131:
128:
125:
121:
120:
115:
110:
106:
105:
100:
95:
91:
90:
83:
76:
68:
67:
64:
60:
59:
56:
55:
49:
44:
33:
32:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1670:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1538:
1529:
1524:
1522:
1517:
1515:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1178:
1173:
1171:
1166:
1164:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1145:
1140:
1133:
1128:
1126:
1116:
1110:
1109:0-19-924958-X
1106:
1102:
1098:
1097:Dieter Nohlen
1093:
1089:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1057:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
997:
993:
989:
986:
982:
978:
975:
973:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
958:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
938:
934:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
920:
916:
913:
910:
908:
907:Hafezzi Huzur
905:
903:
902:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
887:Kamal Hossain
885:
883:
882:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
862:
848:
838:
836:
832:
828:
825:According to
818:
815:
811:
807:
804:
800:
796:
792:
782:
780:
776:
775:Kamal Hossain
772:
768:
764:
752:
747:
745:
740:
738:
733:
732:
730:
729:
723:
720:
719:
717:
707:
706:
699:
696:
694:
691:
690:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
667:
663:
662:in Bangladesh
659:
656:
655:
649:
646:
645:
644:
641:
640:
637:
630:
629:
622:
621:
617:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
598:
597:
595:
594:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
574:
573:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
560:
552:
551:
544:
541:
540:
537:
534:
533:
530:
527:
526:
523:
520:
519:
516:
509:
508:
501:
498:
496:
495:
494:AM Amin Uddin
490:
487:
486:
483:
482:
477:
476:Chief Justice
474:
473:
470:
467:
466:
463:
460:
459:
454:
451:
449:
446:
445:
443:
442:Supreme Court
440:
439:
435:
429:
422:
421:
414:
410:
407:
405:
401:
398:
396:
392:
389:
388:
384:
378:
371:
370:
363:
360:
358:
357:Civil Service
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
342:
341:
336:
333:
330:
329:
324:
323:Chief Adviser
321:
318:
317:
312:
309:
308:
304:
298:
291:
290:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
249:
246:
239:
238:
234:
230:
229:
223:
219:
218:
210:
209:
206:
201:
200:
189:
188:
184:
179:
178:
173:
171:
170:
165:
160:
158:
154:
153:
148:
140:
137:
134:
133:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
114:
111:
108:
107:
104:
103:Kamal Hossain
101:
99:
96:
93:
92:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
73:
69:
65:
61:
54: →
53:
50:
48:
45:
43:
40:←
39:
38:
34:
22:
16:
1560:
1465:
1351:
1327:
1139:
1115:
1100:
1092:
1067:
1055:
892:Awami League
867:Abdus Sattar
831:Ziaur Rahman
824:
806:Abdus Sattar
795:assassinated
791:Ziaur Rahman
788:
779:Awami League
767:Abdus Sattar
760:
618:
610:
586:
581:
536:Subdistricts
492:
479:
412:
403:
394:
338:
326:
314:
272:Human rights
244:Constitution
202:
183:Abdus Sattar
181:
174:
164:Abdus Sattar
162:
155:
98:Abdus Sattar
46:
15:
1476:Referendums
1032:Total votes
1010:Valid votes
943:M. A. Jalil
929:Independent
911:Independent
814:Bangabhaban
685:Visa policy
376:Parliament
135:Percentage
127:14,203,958
1637:Categories
1297:1996 (Jun)
1292:1996 (Feb)
1084:References
1046:38,951,014
1035:22,010,084
1013:21,677,560
998:21,677,560
876:14,203,958
785:Background
763:Bangladesh
556:Elections
427:Judiciary
296:Government
277:Article 70
267:Penal Code
252:Amendments
130:5,636,113
94:Candidate
1064:Aftermath
896:5,636,113
850:Candidate
575:General:
529:Districts
522:Divisions
311:President
177:President
157:President
1575:Indirect
821:Campaign
675:Passport
648:Minister
352:Agencies
347:Taxation
175:Elected
166:(acting)
1466:2024–25
1460:2020–21
1385:1983–84
1103:, p525
1024:332,524
987:682,154
976:224,188
968:NAP (M)
952:248,769
932:293,637
914:388,741
841:Results
777:of the
769:of the
391:Speaker
335:Cabinet
141:26.00%
138:65.52%
75:
63:Turnout
1549:Direct
1107:
1056:et al.
1038:100.00
1001:100.00
413:Vacant
404:Vacant
395:Vacant
109:Party
66:56.51%
1049:56.51
1016:98.49
995:Total
899:26.00
879:65.52
856:Votes
853:Party
1622:2023
1617:2018
1612:2013
1607:2009
1602:2002
1597:2001
1592:1996
1587:1991
1582:1974
1566:1986
1561:1981
1556:1978
1493:1991
1488:1985
1483:1977
1455:2019
1450:2018
1445:2016
1440:2015
1435:2014
1430:2011
1425:2009
1420:2003
1415:2000
1410:1997
1405:1994
1400:1990
1395:1988
1390:1985
1380:1977
1375:1973
1357:1986
1352:1981
1347:1978
1328:Next
1322:2024
1317:2018
1312:2014
1307:2008
1302:2001
1287:1991
1282:1988
1277:1986
1272:1979
1267:1973
1262:1970
1257:1965
1252:1962
1247:1954
1242:1946
1237:1945
1232:1937
1227:1934
1222:1930
1217:1926
1212:1923
1207:1920
1105:ISBN
1027:1.51
990:3.15
979:1.03
955:1.15
935:1.35
917:1.79
833:and
793:was
611:2028
606:2023
601:2018
577:2024
52:1986
42:1978
972:CPB
587:TBD
582:TBD
187:BNP
169:BNP
113:BNP
1639::
1124:^
1080:.
660:/
491::
478::
444::
411::
402::
393::
337::
325::
313::
118:AL
1527:e
1520:t
1513:v
1176:e
1169:t
1162:v
970:–
859:%
750:e
743:t
736:v
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