2942:
28:
5219:
1452:. Over the next few days, the depression tracked east-northeastward to eastward. While strengthening into a subtropical storm on September 15, it passed just north of Bermuda, but produced only 1.07 in (27 mm) of rain on the island. The storm then made a brief dip to the east-southeast, before resuming its east-northeastward course on September 16. Beginning on the following day, satellite imagery indicated that the system was acquiring tropical characteristics. As a result, it was reclassified as Tropical Storm Hope at 0600 UTC on September 17.
490:
1795:, around midday on September 10. The system rapidly weakened inland and dissipated later that day. Another tropical depression formed over western Senegal on September 18. It moved westward across the Atlantic Ocean before curving west-northwestward about three days later. On September 25, the depression moved northwestward and then northward by September 28. It dissipated about 550 mi (890 km) east-northeast of Bermuda at 1200 UTC the following day. The next tropical depression developed in the Gulf of Mexico just offshore
714:
618:
1160:
1659:
482:
1586:
1270:
1262:
942:
1396:
1056:
815:
598:. By midday on January 22, the winds decreased to below gale force after the convection dissipated near the center. Subsequently, it turned more to the west away from land, and by January 23 the circulation degenerated into a remnant trough about 185 mi (298 km) north of the Lesser Antilles. The storm was one of six tropical or subtropical cyclones on record to be active in the month of January, and one of four to have formed in the month.
5380:
408:
1493:
1168:
694:
record rainfall totals over the state. The state, already suffering from a previous drought, believed that the rain would help alleviate the conditions. However, the dry ground aided the flooding from the storm. The rainfall caused several rivers and creeks to flood, especially around the Texas Hill
Country and northern Texas, leading to severe damage. Overall, Amelia caused 33 fatalities with an estimated $ 110 million in damages.
867:. Two days later, the system broke away from the ICTZ, when it started organizing. It developed into Tropical Depression Three late on August 7. A day later it intensified into Tropical Storm on August 8. The storm quickly intensified and developed a well-defined eye feature. The NHC upgraded Cora to hurricane status, marking only the second time that an Atlantic hurricane was upgraded solely based on satellite photography; the first was
1667:
1594:
626:
950:
1811:
of Flores Island. The next tropical depression developed at 1200 UTC on
October 26, while located about 490 mi (790 km) south-southwest of the southernmost islands of Cape Verde. It moved generally westward and dissipated about halfway between the Lesser Antilles and the west coast of Africa on October 29. The final tropical depression of the season formed about 265 mi (426 km) northeast of
1501:
1404:
823:
722:
1064:
1230:
time, the storm was upgraded to a hurricane. Further intensification continued, and
Flossie peaked with winds of 100 mph (160 km/h) early on September 13. The storm began turned nearly due northward and began weakening. Flossie accelerated to the northeast and eventually transitioned into an extratropical cyclone while 700 miles (1,100 km) north of the Azores on September 15. The strong
457:(ACE) rating of 63. ACE is a metric used to express the energy used by a tropical cyclone during its lifetime. Therefore, a storm with a longer duration will have high values of ACE. It is only calculated at six-hour increments in which specific tropical and subtropical systems are either at or above sustained wind speeds of 39 mph (63 km/h), which is the threshold for tropical storm intensity.
1566:, about 450 mi (720 km) northeast of the Azores. Although Irma passed near parts of the western and central Azores with gale-force winds in some areas, no reports of damage or casualties caused by Irma were received. Several nearby ships reported winds around 46 mph (74 km/h). It was noted that heavy rains may have occurred on some of the mountainous islands as Irma passed.
3666:
3176:
427:. Three tropical storms and two hurricanes made landfall during the season. Collectively, the tropical cyclones of the 1978 season caused at least 41 fatalities and $ 135 million. Additionally, the precursor to Hurricane Kendra brought flooding to Puerto Rico, with $ 6 million in damage and one death. The season officially ended on November 30, 1978.
871:. The NHC estimated that Cora attained peak winds of 90 mph (145 km/h) early on August 9. For much of its duration, Cora moved quickly to the west-southwest toward the Lesser Antilles. Possibly as a result of the fast forward motion, the hurricane weakened soon after reaching its peak intensity, dropping to tropical storm status on August 10. That day, a
1009:
and reached its peak intensity of 60 mph (97 km/h) on August 29, shortly before making landfall in southwestern
Louisiana. It was a disorganized storm, with most of the convection located to the east of the center. The system weakened rapidly and dissipated over Arkansas on August 29, though its remnants continued into the
1635:
following day, ship reports noted that a closed circulation was developing. The system was classified as a tropical depression beginning at 1800 UTC on
October 7, while located about 600 mi (970 km) east of Puerto Rico. Around midday on October 8, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Juliet.
1639:
Negro Plant. The storm then accelerated and curved northwestward, northward, and then northeastward. On
October 11, Juliet merged with a frontal zone, while located west-southwest of Bermuda. Later that day, the remnants moved across the island and produced up to 3 in (76 mm) of rainfall.
1810:
in the Azores. The depression initially moved south-southwestward, before curving southwestward by the following day. It then turned west-northwestward on
October 15. Late the next day, the depression turned abruptly northward. The system dissipated about 500 mi (800 km) west-northwest
1775:
around 1200 UTC on
September 3. The depression initially headed west-southwestward and soon entered the Atlantic Ocean. Between late on September 4 and early on September 5, the system passed south of Cape Verde. Later that day, the storm began curving west-northwestward. By early
1455:
Because Hope remained out of range of reconnaissance aircraft flights, the
National Hurricane Center relied on ships and satellite estimates. After becoming a tropical cyclone, Hope began to accelerate while slowly intensifying. Satellite estimates at 1200 UTC on September 19 indicated that
589:
After the storm maintained peak winds for about 36 hours, the outer rainbands to the south and east of the center began diminishing late on
January 21, which began a weakening trend. At around that time, the cyclone was moving west-southwestward, and within 72 hours was forecast by one
422:
The Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 1978. Although 24 tropical cyclones developed, only twelve of them reached tropical storm intensity, which is slightly above the 1966-2009 average of 11.3 named storms per season. Of the twelve tropical storms, five of them
1229:
On September 8, Flossie was downgraded to a tropical depression. After the trough began weakening, favorable conditions returned, allowing Flossie to re-strengthen into a tropical storm on September 10. Flossie then decelerated and became nearly stationary on September 12. Around that
1110:
A cold front spawned a tropical disturbance near Bermuda, which became a tropical depression on August 30. The depression strengthened, and by early on August 31, it was upgraded to Tropical Storm Ella. Ship reports indicated that Ella became a hurricane later that day. Further significant
576:
on the cyclone at 0000 UTC on January 19, assessing a Dvorak number of T2.5, suggesting both tropical and subtropical characteristics. On the same day, the pressure gradient between the storm and the ridge produced gale-force winds. By early on January 20, the storm maintained minimal
1733:
In addition to the 12 other tropical cyclones, there were several tropical depressions that developed during the season. The first of which formed over the central Gulf of Mexico on June 21. The depression moved northeastward toward Florida and strengthened slightly. It dissipated by late
1008:
merged and resulted in the formation of a tropical depression over the southern Gulf of Mexico on August 26. Tacking west-northwestward around a high-pressure ridge, the depression gradually intensified began and was upgraded to Tropical Storm Debra on August 28. Debra turned to the north
791:, sustained winds reached only 29 mph (47 km/h). The storm also produced heavy rainfall, peaking at 12.04 in (306 mm) in La Estrella. However, no flooding occurred and no damage or fatalities were reported. Its remnants emerged into the Pacific Ocean, leading to the formation of
1355:
four years prior, Greta threatened to reproduce the devastating effects of the catastrophic storm; however, damage and loss of life was significantly less than feared. In Honduras, about 1,200 homes were damaged, about half of which in towns along the coastline. The storm damaged about 75% of
1327:
on September 13. By the following day, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Greta. It headed westward to west-northwestward across the Caribbean Sea and slowly intensified, becoming a hurricane on September 16. The rate of intensification increased as Greta was approaching the
1119:
The storm then re-intensified and by 1200 UTC on September 4, Ella peaked as a Category 4 hurricane with winds of 140 mph (230 km/h). Thereafter, Ella rapidly weakened as it passed offshore Atlantic Canada, before being absorbed by an extratropical storm while located more
778:
At 1200 UTC on August 7, Bess attained its minimum barometric pressure of 1,005 mbar (29.7 inHg). Thereafter, Bess began to turn nearly due southward under the influence of a high-pressure area over southern Texas. Later on August 7, the storm reached its maximum sustained
1716:
The precursor system dropped rainfall across much of southern Puerto Rico was at least 7 in (180 mm), with a peak at 20.43 in (519 mm) in Pico del Este. Mudslides and flooding from the heavy precipitation left many roads impassable, washed out or collapsed several bridges, and
1712:
in The Bahamas. Early on the following day, it strengthened into Tropical Storm Kendra. The storm quickly intensified while moving either north or north-northwestward and became a hurricane late on October 29. After peaking with winds of 80 mph (130 km/h) on October 30, Kendra
1638:
After peaking with maximum sustained winds of 50 mph (80 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 1,006 mbar (29.7 inHg) early on October 9, Juliet passed north of Puerto Rico. The storm brought light rainfall to the island, peaking at 4.51 in (115 mm) at Toro
1225:
reported tropical storm force winds, thus the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Flossie. It initially tracked northwestward at 23 mph (37 km/h) and minimal strengthening occurred, possibly due to rapid forward speeds. On September 5, the storm curved westward, until turning
771:
National Hurricane Center estimated that a tropical depression developed in the central Gulf of Mexico at 1200 UTC that day. On August 6, a reconnaissance flight into the depression resulted in an upgrade to Tropical Storm Bess, while located about 250 mi (400 km) southeast of
693:
Amelia affected the Texas coast for two days, causing several shipping incidents and minor damage in Corpus Christi and South Padre Island. While active, there were no deaths linked to the storm. However, the biggest impact from the storm followed its dissipation, when its remnants contributed to
433:
began very early, with the development of a subtropical storm on January 18. It dissipated about five days later. However, the next tropical cyclone, an unnumbered depression, did not develop until June 21. In July, there were two systems, including an unnumbered tropical depression and
1634:
A weak tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic Ocean from the west coast of Africa on September 30. The wave moved west-northwestward and was centered well east of the Leeward Islands on October 6, when satellite imagery indicated that deep convection became much more concentrated. The
1115:
over the Eastern United States caused Ella to decelerate and turn north. Simultaneously, dry air diminished convection on September 2, which in turn resulted in weakening. Eventually, another trough forced Ella to re-curve northeastward, thereby remaining well offshore the East Coast of the
2021:
This is a table of all of the storms that formed in the 1978 Atlantic hurricane season. It includes their name, duration, peak classification and intensities, areas affected, damage, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a
770:
on August 1. The system detached from the cold front and drifted southwestward, reaching northeastern Gulf of Mexico on August 3. Satellite imagery, buoys, and reconnaissance aircraft flights indicated that by August 5, the system likely acquired a closed circulation. Thus, the
1707:
In late October, a tropical wave and an area of disturbed weather combined in the northwestern Caribbean, before crossing Puerto Rico. The system moved northwest and by late on October 28, it became a tropical depression while located about 80 miles (130 km) north of
1553:
flow over the center of the storm was evident on satellite time-lapse movies. By the afternoon of October 4, the system had acquired the characteristics of a tropical storm and was named Irma; gale-force winds extended 150 mi (240 km) from the center of circulation.
1770:
before dissipating the next day. By August 30, another depression developed in the north-central Gulf of Mexico. The system tracked generally eastward and avoided landfall. It dissipated around midday on September 1. Tropical Depression Eight developed over western
1776:
on September 7, it was heading northwestward and then turned to the north-northwest the next day. The depression moved northward between September 9 and September 10, before re-curving to the northeast. It dissipated about 440 mi (710 km) of
1855:
for the first time in 1978. This was the last Atlantic hurricane season to utilize only female names for tropical storms. This was the last time this list was used due to the 6 year rotational name lists that came in 1979 this resulted in this list being discarded
1713:
weakened significantly to a 50 mph (80 km/h) tropical storm in only 12 hours. Kendra continued north-northeastward or northeastward, before being absorbed by an extratropical cyclone while located west-northwest of Bermuda early on November 1.
450:. During the month of October, there were five tropical cyclones, with two unnumbered tropical depressions, tropical storms Irma and Juliet, and Hurricane Kendra. There was another unnumbered tropical depression in November, which dissipated on November 5.
1216:
on August 31 and entered the Atlantic Ocean later that day. Convection markedly increased over the next few days and by 0000 UTC on September 4, the wave developed into a tropical depression while located about midway between Africa and the
676:
emerged into the Atlantic Ocean from the west coast of Africa on July 19. The wave did not develop significantly while crossing the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea. The disturbance then entered an area of the Gulf of Mexico that was conducive to
312:). This was also the last Atlantic hurricane season to use an all-female naming list. The season officially began on June 1, 1978, and ended on November 30, 1978. These dates, adopted by convention, denote the period in each year when most
1328:
northwestern Caribbean Sea. Greta briefly peaked as a Category 4 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 130 mph (210 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 947 mbar (28.0 inHg), while brushing northeastern
879:
on August 11 while weakening to a tropical depression. Cora degenerated into a tropical wave on August 12 in the eastern Caribbean. The remnant crossed over Central America into the Pacific Ocean, where it regenerated into
1464:
of 68 °F (20 °C). By 1200 UTC on September 21, Hope transitioned into an extratropical cyclone and was absorbed by another extratropical storm while situated about 220 mi (350 km) south of
685:
on July 30. Despite its proximity to land, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Amelia on July 31 and peaked with winds of 50 mph (80 km/h). Around that time, Amelia made landfall near
1738:
on July 10. The system moved generally westward and intensified into a strong tropical depression, before dissipating two days later. Tropical Depression Four formed about 465 mi (748 km) east of
581:
revolved in a cyclonic formation around its well-defined center. Later that day, the storm strengthened into a subtropical storm and attained peak winds of 45 mph (72 km/h), supported by both ship and
1557:
Six hours after being named, Irma reached its peak intensity of 50 mph (80 km/h). On October 5, Irma turned towards the north-northeast and passed about midway between the central and western
1717:
caused considerable damage to agriculture, especially livestock. Additionally, one fatality occurred and 1,710 families fled their homes for shelters. Damage in Puerto Rico reached $ 6 million. A
560:
energy source, or one that derives energy from the interaction of cold and warm air. Convection increased slightly despite cool sea surface temperatures of around 75 °F (24 °C). At 1200
1545:
on October 2. During the next two days, thunderstorm activity gradually increased around the circulation center as the storm drifted northward. On October 2, the storm had taken the appearance of a
2022:
traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 1978 USD.
1140:, and light winds in coastal portions of North Carolina. In Newfoundland, Ella produced rainfall amounts reaching 2.39 in (61 mm) and wind gusts up to 71 mph (114 km/h).
899:. Approximately two to four percent of trees on the island were toppled. Although it remained far to the south, Hurricane Cora affected weather conditions that reached as far north as
5198:
423:
strengthened into a hurricane, which is slightly below the 1966-2009 average of 6.2. Two of the five hurricane became major hurricanes, which is Category 3 or greater on the
1787:
At 1200 UTC on September 8, Tropical Depression Nine developed over the west-central Gulf of Mexico. Moving generally westward, the depression made landfall south of
4220:
1136:, resulting in a significant decrease in tourism. However, because the storm veered northeastward, little effects other than 5 to 9 ft (1.5 to 2.7 m) waves, minor
1456:
the storm attained its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 65 mph (105 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 987 mbar (29.1 inHg), recorded by the
401:
1815:
in the Bahamas on November 3. Moving north-northeastward, the depression turned northeastward by the next day. It dissipated about 275 mi (443 km) east of
5074:
568:
about 1,725 mi (2,776 km) east-northeast of Puerto Rico while moving in a general westward track, which it would maintain for much of its duration. The
400:
399:
403:
4138:
1226:
north on September 7. A high-pressure area transitioned into a trough, causing Flossie to re-curve northeastward and generating strong upper-level winds.
3071:
4627:
5191:
3112:
4477:
4450:
1448:
on September 10. The system developed into a subtropical depression early on September 12, while located about 75 mi (121 km) east of
397:
5551:
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4507:
2995:
2991:
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4601:
4566:
4540:
3314:
5505:
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4249:
4002:
5184:
3046:
4416:
4815:
4789:
4763:
4694:
3476:
398:
239:
446:. There were also seven systems in September – tropical depressions Eight, Nine, and Twelve, Tropical Storm Hope, and hurricanes Flossie and
4878:
3864:
3834:
3503:
3450:
3423:
3396:
3369:
5534:
5529:
2975:
2971:
1376:, a tornado flipped over a truck and damaged four houses. Damage in Belize was estimated at $ 25 million, and there were four deaths.
5016:
4989:
4936:
4337:
4276:
4390:
4363:
320:
or tropical cyclones is possible at any time of the year, as shown by the formation of an unnamed subtropical storm on January 18.
775:. The storm had initially headed west-southwestward at 8 mph (13 km/h), before moving southwestward at nearly the same speed.
4028:
3294:
4370:(Report). Cape Hatteras, North Carolina: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Hurricane Center. September 2, 1978
3746:
3613:
3804:
3720:
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5110:
1332:. Although the storm remained offshore, land interaction caused significant weakening. On September 19, Greta made landfall in
5563:
5558:
2985:
2981:
2004:
1121:
308:
were named in all, and five of these became hurricanes; two of the five became a major hurricane (Category 3 or higher on the
5643:
5383:
424:
3921:
3045:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center; National Weather Service; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
887:
While passing through the Lesser Antilles, Cora produced wind gusts to 45 mph (72 km/h), along with light rainfall in
351:. Neither caused significant damage, though Debra or its remnants spawned multiple tornadoes that killed two people. Hurricanes
5540:
2965:
1766:
A tropical depression formed in the central Gulf of Mexico on August 9. The storm moved northward and struck southeastern
1541:
The origins of Tropical Storm Irma were from a subtropical depression that formed about 500 mi (800 km) south of the
1460:. While located hundreds of miles north of the Azores on September 20, the storm turned northward and began crossing into
868:
531:
339:
110 million (equivalent to $ 403.41 million in 2023) in damage. Also in August, Tropical Storm Bess made landfall in
254:
1285:
1032:. The storm spawned several tornadoes in Arkansas, Mississippi, Louisiana, Tennessee, and Texas. In Mississippi, a tornado in
881:
5498:
3704:
5048:
3587:
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792:
4962:
4909:
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1806:
A tropical depression formed at 1200 UTC on October 13, while located about 55 mi (89 km) north of
4087:(Report). Miami: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
1372:. In Dangriga where it made landfall, the hurricane damaged or destroyed 125 houses and the primary hospital. In
1024:. However, no flooding was reported. Wind impacts were light and mainly limited to down trees and damage to roofs in
5491:
1827:
The following list of names was used for named storms that formed in the North Atlantic in 1978. Storms were named
5622:
3000:
2462:
2064:
1722:
1020:. Damage caused by Debra was considered minimal. In Louisiana, rainfall peaked at 10.81 in (275 mm) in
591:
360:
4397:(Report). Wilmington, North Carolina: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Hurricane Center
1111:
intensification occurred, and the storm reached a preliminary peak intensity of 125 mph (201 km/h). A
922:. The winds created by Cora's influence would give the hot air balloon the northerly push required for takeoff.
5471:
5464:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5413:
5084:(Report). Asheville, North Carolina: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 4. Archived from
3537:(Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
1368:, Greta downed trees and produced high waves, while on the mainland, there was minimal flooding despite a high
864:
284:
280:
272:
268:
3934:
3928:(Report). Vol. 107. Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. pp. 1035–1041.
387:. Overall, the storms of this season collectively caused $ 191 million in damage and 42 fatalities.
367:
with gusty winds and rip currents in early September. Greta brought strong winds, high tides, and flooding to
5585:
2955:
1767:
690:. Later on July 31, the storm weakened to a tropical depression and dissipated early the following day.
244:
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5245:
5120:
Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research. May 1978. p. 12
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439:
438:. Seven tropical cyclones formed in August, including Tropical Depression Four, tropical storms Bess and
344:
249:
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1318:
561:
454:
447:
411:
356:
5171:
4719:
B. Kjerfve; S. P. Dinnel (May 1983). "Hindcast hurricane characteristics on the Belize barrier reef".
4081:
3039:
5514:
5400:
4424:
3781:
3257:
3161:
569:
297:
264:
4821:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
4795:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
4769:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
4700:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
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1734:
on June 22. Another tropical depression developed about 175 mi (282 km) southwest of
1562:. Shortly thereafter, Irma became less organized, and that evening was absorbed into an approaching
2947:
2422:
2029:
1816:
1461:
309:
200:
3530:
5365:
4171:
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on August 7. It tracked westward without significantly intensifying, and passed through the
1025:
863:
On August 4, a disturbance exited the west coast of Africa and moved quickly westward within the
301:
1344:, but survived its passage and eventually became Hurricane Olivia in the Eastern Pacific Ocean.
2599:
2414:
1888:
1777:
1755:
on August 9. It eventually traversed the Caribbean Sea, and made landfall to the south of
1735:
1449:
1361:
123:
895:. In the latter, a person died after stepping on a high tension power line that was downed in
5293:
5218:
4194:
4166:
3649:
2445:
1880:
1352:
1231:
1105:
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destroyed three mobile homes and a house, killing one person and seriously injuring another.
678:
553:
443:
430:
352:
313:
71:
27:
3342:
335:
after dropping as much as 48 in (1,200 mm) of rain. There were 33 deaths and
4728:
4511:
3891:
3696:
3645:
3483:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. January 21, 1978
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2112:
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1333:
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763:
336:
223:
3321:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 1978. p. 3
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8:
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3203:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. March 19, 2014
2426:
1365:
900:
788:
565:
379:, resulting in about $ 25 million in damage and at least five fatalities. The storm
317:
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5166:
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4420:
3229:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. May 23, 2013
1718:
1017:
772:
687:
682:
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and became a tropical depression while located about 30 mi (48 km) south of
359:
each reached Category 4 strength. Though remaining out at sea, Ella did lash the
3700:
997:
779:
winds of 50 mph (80 km/h). Early on August 8, Bess made landfall near
583:
549:
541:
5142:
5055:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 1
4317:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 2
4256:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 1
4009:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 4
3871:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 2
3841:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 1
3594:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 2
3564:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 1
4748:
4736:
4602:"Preliminary Report Hurricane Greta (& Hurricane Olivia) September 13–23, 1978"
4567:"Preliminary Report Hurricane Greta (& Hurricane Olivia) September 13–23, 1978"
4541:"Preliminary Report Hurricane Greta (& Hurricane Olivia) September 13–23, 1978"
3929:
3685:
2296:
1799:
on September 21. Moving west-northwestward, the depression made landfall near
1744:
1340:
with winds of 110 mph (180 km/h). The storm rapidly weakened inland over
872:
784:
780:
573:
305:
4608:. Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 1978. p. 3
4573:. Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 1978. p. 2
4547:. Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 1978. p. 1
3773:
3249:
3898:(Report). Camp Springs, Maryland: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
3785:(Report). Camp Springs, Maryland: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
3347:
Hurricane Research Division; Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
3261:(Report). Camp Springs, Maryland: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
2466:
2343:
1341:
1218:
1137:
919:
545:
368:
364:
156:
104:
5269:
1546:
1125:
1124:
on September 5. Ella threatened to pass within 50 mi (80 km) of
911:
324:
3805:"U.S. Escaped Direct Hit in 'Average' Season This Year, But That Could Change"
3275:"U.S. Escaped Direct Hit in 'Average' Season This Year, But That Could Change"
1721:
and Kendra combined produced strong winds and abnormally high tides along the
5637:
4503:
3670:
3180:
1698:
1625:
1532:
1435:
1308:
1239:
1199:
1095:
981:
854:
753:
713:
673:
657:
521:
152:
100:
5483:
3370:
Tropical and Subtropical Cyclone Classification on Subtropical Storm One (1)
617:
552:. Isolated from the detrimental effects of the westerlies, it was initially
5206:
4225:
1807:
1159:
2024:
1658:
1585:
1466:
1269:
481:
5023:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
4996:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
4969:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
4943:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
4916:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
4885:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
4855:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
4344:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
4283:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
4119:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
3510:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
3457:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
3430:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
3403:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
3376:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
3349:(Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. September 2021
3222:
3089:
2767:
2430:
1812:
1550:
1373:
1369:
1261:
1129:
1029:
1010:
941:
907:
892:
557:
327:
during the season. At the end of July and into early August, short-lived
3504:
Tropical and Subtropical Cyclone Classification on Subtropical Storm One
3451:
Tropical and Subtropical Cyclone Classification on Subtropical Storm One
3424:
Tropical and Subtropical Cyclone Classification on Subtropical Storm One
3397:
Tropical and Subtropical Cyclone Classification on Subtropical Storm One
1751:
on the following day. The depression continued westward and passed near
1395:
1055:
1016:
One person died while attempting to evacuate an oil rig to the south of
814:
4740:
2582:
2100:
1792:
1756:
1694:
1621:
1563:
1528:
1431:
1304:
1195:
1091:
977:
904:
850:
767:
749:
653:
595:
537:
517:
407:
148:
96:
1492:
3076:
2381:
2348:
1760:
1709:
1235:
1167:
1133:
348:
4484:(Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 2
4457:(Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 1
3721:"Floods in Aftermath of Tropical Storm Sweep Away Texas Homes, Cars"
3531:
Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT (1938)
1666:
1593:
1357:
875:
aircraft encountered the weakening storm. Cora struck the island of
625:
3616:. Brownsville, Texas: Toledo Blade. Associated Press. July 31, 1978
2264:
1796:
1788:
1740:
1329:
1324:
949:
896:
888:
578:
415:
376:
340:
3919:
1500:
1403:
822:
721:
3669:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
3196:
3179:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2771:
2301:
1800:
1772:
1763:
on August 11. The depression dissipated shortly thereafter.
1470:
1213:
1063:
1001:
876:
2737:
2621:
2338:
2259:
1781:
1748:
1559:
1542:
1337:
783:, at the same intensity and then rapidly dissipated inland. In
372:
4250:
Preliminary Report Hurricane Ella 30 August – 5 September 1978
396:
4634:. Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Associated Press. September 18, 1978
4368:
National Weather Service Office Cape Hatteras, North Carolina
2306:
2228:
2039:
2036:
1752:
1209:
332:
4963:
Preliminary Best Track Tropical Storm Irma October 2–5, 1978
4849:
Preliminary Report Tropical Storm Hope September 11–21, 1978
2051:
2048:
1347:
Early in its duration, Greta produced heavy rainfall in the
5117:
3753:. Graham, Texas. United Press International. August 7, 1978
3315:
Preliminary Report Hurricane Greta (& Hurricane Olivia)
2045:
4395:
National Weather Service Office Wilmington, North Carolina
4113:
Preliminary Report Tropical Storm Debra August 26–29, 1978
4035:. Castries, Saint Lucia. Associated Press. August 22, 1978
3301:. Castries, Saint Lucia. Associated Press. August 22, 1978
2042:
1323:
A tropical wave developed into a tropical depression near
323:
Three storms made landfall along the coast of the western
4021:
3935:
10.1175/1520-0493(1979)107<1035:ATSO>2.0.CO;2
1234:
brought winds as high as 104 mph (167 km/h) to
914:, and Larry Newman were preparing to make the first ever
5399:
4910:
Preliminary Report Tropical Storm Irma October 2–5, 1978
3343:
Atlantic basin Comparison of Original and Revised HURDAT
1444:
A mid-tropospheric low-pressure area developed over the
1128:. Because of this, a hurricane watch was issued for the
316:
occurs in the Atlantic basin. However, the formation of
3797:
2844:
2483:
2449:
536:
In the middle of January, an upper-level trough in the
4718:
3727:. San Antonio, Texas. Associated Press. August 2, 1978
3528:
2054:
3529:
Christopher W. Landsea; et al. (December 2012).
2076:
5049:
Preliminary Report Tropical Storm Juliet 7 – 11 1978
3811:. Miami, Florida. Associated Press. December 2, 1978
3281:. Miami, Florida. Associated Press. December 2, 1978
3113:
Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
2937:
5143:"Tropical Cyclone Naming History and Retired Names"
4987:
4934:
3739:
4110:
3920:Neil L. Frank and Gilbert B. Clark (August 1979).
3915:
3913:
3684:
3158:"Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)"
2696:
2668:
2640:
2603:
2214:
1803:on September 23, shortly before dissipating.
5046:
5014:
4876:
4335:
4308:
4247:
4079:
3037:
2906:January 18 – November 5
2845:October 28 – November 1
2567:
2539:
2511:
2484:August 30 – September 1
2450:August 30 – September 5
2117:
2108:
2094:
2087:
1364:, and there was one death in the country. In the
5635:
4846:
4502:
4000:
2872:
2816:
2788:
2128:
4879:Tropical Cyclone Discussion Tropical Storm Hope
3910:
3765:
3682:
3477:SANBAR Model Forecast for Subtropical Storm One
2754:
2724:
2401:
383:into the eastern Pacific Ocean and was renamed
4475:
4448:
4388:
4274:
3862:
3832:
3643:
2367:
2323:
2283:
2246:
1120:than 700 mi (1,100 km) northeast of
331:and its remnants caused extensive flooding in
240:Timeline of the 1978 Atlantic hurricane season
5513:
5499:
5192:
4813:
4787:
4761:
4692:
4221:"Debra lumbers inland, causes minor flooding"
3889:
3771:
3247:
3103:
3101:
3099:
2857:Puerto Rico, East Coast of the United States
2184:
2156:
577:convection near its center, with its primary
5167:WPC rainfall page for 1978 tropical cyclones
5137:
5135:
4391:Information for Hurricane Ella Survey Report
3606:
3585:
3555:
2215:July 30 – August 1
465:
453:The season's activity was reflected with an
5145:. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center
4047:
4029:"St. Lucia Youth Electrocuted During Storm"
3981:"Preliminary Report: Hurricane Cora Page 2"
3960:"Preliminary Report: Hurricane Cora Page 1"
3713:
3295:"St. Lucia Youth Electrocuted During Storm"
5506:
5492:
5353:
5233:
5199:
5185:
4277:Tropical Cyclone Discussion Hurricane Ella
3096:
1549:on satellite photographs, and upper-level
5132:
4147:. New Orleans, Louisiana. August 29, 1978
3933:
3654:. United States Weather Prediction Center
3639:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3631:
3152:
3150:
2990:South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons:
2027:
5341:
5329:
5257:
5075:Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena
4877:Miles B. Lawrence (September 20, 1978).
4872:
4870:
4842:
4840:
4838:
4836:
4596:
4594:
4592:
4590:
4588:
4535:
4533:
4444:
4442:
4364:Hurricane Ella Local Statement Number 12
4304:
4302:
4300:
4298:
4106:
4104:
4102:
4075:
4073:
4071:
4069:
4067:
4065:
3954:
3952:
3858:
3856:
3747:"Texans Keep Eyes on Sky and Gulf Storm"
3581:
3579:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3130:
2005:List of retired Atlantic hurricane names
1569:
601:
564:on January 18, it organized into a
406:
5103:
5042:
5040:
5038:
4935:Joseph M. Pelissier (October 4, 1978).
4628:"Hurricane Greta Pounds Honduras Coast"
4131:
3828:
3826:
3191:
3189:
3109:"Hurricanes Frequently Asked Questions"
3052:from the original on September 23, 2008
1208:A tropical wave passed westward across
925:
5636:
5305:
4988:Joseph M. Pelissier (5 October 1978).
4904:
4902:
4900:
4409:
4195:Tornado History Project: 19780829.47.7
4167:Tornado History Project: 19780829.5.35
3892:Tropical Storm Bess - August 7–8, 1978
3865:Preliminary Report Tropical Storm Bess
3835:Preliminary Report Tropical Storm Bess
3628:
3588:Tropical Storm Amelia July 30–31, 1978
3558:Tropical Storm Amelia July 30–31, 1978
2966:1978 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
1650:Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS)
1476:
1379:
1253:Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS)
1151:Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS)
1047:Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS)
806:Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS)
697:
532:List of off-season Atlantic hurricanes
255:1978 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
5487:
5398:
5180:
5015:Miles B. Lawrence (October 5, 1978).
5008:
4867:
4833:
4585:
4559:
4530:
4469:
4439:
4336:Miles B. Lawrence (August 31, 1978).
4295:
4241:
4187:
4159:
4099:
4062:
3994:
3973:
3949:
3853:
3576:
3549:
3127:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3025:
5401:1970–1979 Atlantic hurricane seasons
5067:
5035:
4981:
4928:
4814:George Singer (September 18, 1978).
4788:George Singer (September 19, 1978).
4762:George Singer (September 19, 1978).
4693:George Singer (September 18, 1978).
4646:
4478:Preliminary Report Hurricane Flossie
4451:Preliminary Report Hurricane Flossie
4423:. September 14, 2010. Archived from
4389:Albert R. Hinn (September 7, 1978).
4275:Paul J. Hebert (September 3, 1978).
3823:
3522:
3335:
3215:
3186:
1784:around midday on September 11.
1143:
556:in nature and intensified through a
5352:
5347:
5304:
5299:
5244:
5239:
4955:
4897:
4781:
4755:
4667:(12). December 1978. Archived from
3501:
3421:
3367:
3223:Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale
3006:Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone
2970:Australian region cyclone seasons:
2233:
2013:was retired after the 1978 season.
1642:
1004:and an area of convection near the
425:Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale
13:
5364:
5359:
5280:
5275:
5111:National Hurricane Operations Plan
4419:(Report). Moncton, New Brunswick:
3772:David M. Roth (January 17, 2010).
3644:Roth, David M. (January 3, 2023).
3614:"Tropical Storm Sinks Three Boats"
3448:
3394:
3248:David M. Roth (January 17, 2010).
3022:
2847:
2627:
2606:
2542:
2452:
2286:
2236:
1245:
14:
5655:
5340:
5335:
5328:
5323:
5316:
5311:
5256:
5251:
5160:
4311:Preliminary Report Hurricane Ella
4201:(Report). Tornado History Project
4175:(Report). Tornado History Project
4082:Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1978
3922:Atlantic Tropical Systems of 1978
3040:Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1978
2893:
2875:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2837:
2819:
2809:
2791:
2781:
2757:
2747:
2727:
2717:
2699:
2689:
2671:
2661:
2643:
2633:
2630:
2594:
2570:
2560:
2532:
2514:
2504:
2486:
2476:
2440:
2437:
2404:
2392:
2370:
2360:
2326:
2316:
2313:
2276:
2249:
2239:
2217:
2205:
2187:
2177:
2159:
2149:
2131:
2016:
1725:, though no damage was reported.
1282:September 13 – September 20
1039:
798:
762:A low-pressure area developed in
390:
5379:
5378:
5292:
5287:
5268:
5263:
5217:
4508:The British weather in September
4080:Miles B. Lawrence (April 1979).
4003:Hurricane Cora August 7–12, 1978
3890:David M. Roth (April 27, 2010).
3664:
3174:
3038:Miles B. Lawrence (April 1979).
2940:
2890:
2887:
2834:
2831:
2806:
2803:
2778:
2775:
2744:
2741:
2714:
2711:
2686:
2683:
2658:
2655:
2591:
2588:
2557:
2554:
2529:
2526:
2501:
2498:
2473:
2470:
2434:
2389:
2386:
2357:
2354:
2310:
2273:
2270:
2202:
2199:
2174:
2171:
2146:
2143:
1728:
1665:
1657:
1592:
1584:
1499:
1491:
1416:September 12 – September 21
1402:
1394:
1268:
1260:
1166:
1158:
1062:
1054:
948:
940:
821:
813:
720:
712:
624:
616:
488:
480:
26:
4807:
4712:
4686:
4620:
4496:
4382:
4356:
4329:
4268:
4213:
3883:
3676:
3646:"Tropical Cyclone Point Maxima"
3495:
3469:
3442:
3415:
3388:
3001:South Atlantic tropical cyclone
2980:South Pacific cyclone seasons:
2848:Category 1 hurricane
2607:Category 4 hurricane
2543:Category 2 hurricane
2463:East Coast of the United States
2453:Category 4 hurricane
2287:Category 1 hurricane
2065:North Atlantic tropical cyclone
1723:East Coast of the United States
1180:September 4 – September 15
361:East Coast of the United States
5644:1978 Atlantic hurricane season
5209:1978 Atlantic hurricane season
5017:Tropical Storm Irma Advisory 6
4990:Tropical Storm Irma Advisory 5
4937:Tropical Storm Irma Advisory 1
3651:Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Data
3361:
3241:
3064:
1822:
1000:that developed over southeast
865:Intertropical Convergence Zone
473:Subtropical storm (SSHWS)
294:1978 Atlantic hurricane season
21:1978 Atlantic hurricane season
1:
5232:
5227:
5082:National Climatic Data Center
4033:The Virgin Islands Daily News
3299:The Virgin Islands Daily News
3016:
2956:1978 Pacific hurricane season
1998:
1768:Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana
1297:130 mph (215 km/h)
1188:100 mph (155 km/h)
1084:140 mph (220 km/h)
544:to the east-northeast of the
296:was a slightly above average
245:1978 Pacific hurricane season
5116:(Report). Washington, D.C.:
4510:(Report). Dundee, Scotland:
3197:Tropical Cyclone Climatology
1858:
1687:80 mph (130 km/h)
1679:October 28 – November 1
1424:65 mph (100 km/h)
1076:August 30 – September 5
843:90 mph (150 km/h)
668:Tropical Storm Amelia (1978)
502:January 18 – January 23
144: • Lowest pressure
92: • Lowest pressure
7:
4111:Joseph M. Plessier (1978).
3535:Hurricane Research Division
2961:1978 Pacific typhoon season
2933:
1614:50 mph (85 km/h)
1606:October 7 – October 11
1577:Tropical storm (SSHWS)
1521:50 mph (85 km/h)
1484:Tropical storm (SSHWS)
1387:Tropical storm (SSHWS)
992:Tropical Storm Debra (1978)
970:60 mph (95 km/h)
933:Tropical storm (SSHWS)
742:50 mph (85 km/h)
705:Tropical storm (SSHWS)
646:50 mph (85 km/h)
609:Tropical storm (SSHWS)
510:45 mph (75 km/h)
250:1978 Pacific typhoon season
10:
5660:
5047:Miles B. Lawrence (1978).
4309:Miles B. Lawrence (1978).
4248:Miles B. Lawrence (1978).
4054:"Balloon Launch Awaited".
3160:(Database). United States
2897:
2869:
2841:
2813:
2785:
2751:
2721:
2693:
2665:
2637:
2598:
2564:
2536:
2508:
2480:
2444:
2396:
2364:
2320:
2280:
2243:
2209:
2181:
2153:
2125:
2002:
1513:October 2 – October 5
1446:Southeastern United States
1316:
1103:
989:
962:August 26 – August 29
665:
529:
460:
455:accumulated cyclone energy
265:Atlantic hurricane seasons
130: • Maximum winds
78: • Maximum winds
68:By maximum sustained winds
5610:
5594:
5573:
5545:South-West Indian Ocean (
5521:
5515:Tropical cyclones in 1978
5407:
5374:
5224:
5215:
5207:Tropical cyclones of the
5053:National Hurricane Center
5021:National Hurricane Center
4994:National Hurricane Center
4967:National Hurricane Center
4941:National Hurricane Center
4914:National Hurricane Center
4883:National Hurricane Center
4853:National Hurricane Center
4847:Gilbert B. Clark (1978).
4606:National Hurricane Center
4571:National Hurricane Center
4545:National Hurricane Center
4482:National Hurricane Center
4455:National Hurricane Center
4342:National Hurricane Center
4338:Hurricane Ella Discussion
4315:National Hurricane Center
4281:National Hurricane Center
4254:National Hurricane Center
4117:National Hurricane Center
4058:. Associated Press. 1978.
4007:National Hurricane Center
4001:Gilbert B. Clark (1978).
3926:National Hurricane Center
3896:Weather Prediction Center
3869:National Hurricane Center
3839:National Hurricane Center
3782:Weather Prediction Center
3592:National Hurricane Center
3562:National Hurricane Center
3508:National Hurricane Center
3481:National Hurricane Center
3455:National Hurricane Center
3428:National Hurricane Center
3401:National Hurricane Center
3374:National Hurricane Center
3319:National Hurricane Center
3258:Weather Prediction Center
3227:National Hurricane Center
3201:National Hurricane Center
3162:National Hurricane Center
2876:Tropical depression
2820:Tropical depression
2792:Tropical depression
2700:Tropical depression
2672:Tropical depression
2571:Tropical depression
2515:Tropical depression
2487:Tropical depression
2371:Tropical depression
2327:Tropical depression
2188:Tropical depression
2160:Tropical depression
2120:
2105:
2079:
2071:
1683:
1675:
1654:
1649:
1610:
1602:
1581:
1576:
1517:
1509:
1488:
1483:
1420:
1412:
1391:
1386:
1351:. With a similar path to
1293:
1278:
1257:
1252:
1184:
1176:
1155:
1150:
1132:of North Carolina during
1080:
1072:
1051:
1046:
966:
958:
937:
932:
839:
835:August 7 – August 12
831:
810:
805:
738:
730:
709:
704:
642:
634:
613:
608:
570:National Hurricane Center
506:
498:
477:
472:
466:Unnamed subtropical storm
263:
235:
230:
218:
210:
196:
188:
180:
172:
167:
163:
143:
129:
119:
115:
111:
91:
77:
67:
63:
58:
50:
42:
37:
25:
20:
3683:George W. Bomar (1983).
3502:JBL (January 21, 1978).
3422:SCT (January 20, 1978).
3368:JBL (January 19, 1978).
3011:
2948:Tropical cyclones portal
2423:Midwestern United States
1817:Virginia Beach, Virginia
1462:sea surface temperatures
734:August 6 – August 8
592:hurricane forecast model
442:and hurricanes Cora and
4476:Paul J. Hebert (1978).
4449:Paul J. Hebert (1978).
4199:Storm Prediction Center
4172:Storm Prediction Center
4144:Spokane Daily Chronicle
3863:Paul J. Hebert (1978).
3833:Paul J. Hebert (1978).
3809:The Evening Independent
3774:Texas Hurricane History
3449:MM (January 21, 1978).
3395:MM (January 20, 1978).
3279:The Evening Independent
3250:Texas Hurricane History
3077:Wilmington Morning Star
2132:Subtropical storm
638:July 30 – August 1
5172:Monthly Weather Review
4139:"Storm Hits Louisiana"
2415:Southern United States
1736:Porto Novo, Cape Verde
1450:St. Augustine, Florida
1319:Hurricane Greta–Olivia
1221:. Later that day, the
918:balloon flight on the
574:Dvorak classifications
566:subtropical depression
548:and to the south of a
419:
300:in terms of number of
51:Last system dissipated
4654:"Bundles for Bolivia"
3586:John R. Hope (1978).
3556:John R. Hope (1978).
2697:September 21–23
2669:September 18–29
2641:September 11–21
2604:September 13–20
1570:Tropical Storm Juliet
1232:extratropical cyclone
1106:Hurricane Ella (1978)
679:tropical cyclogenesis
602:Tropical Storm Amelia
436:Tropical Storm Amelia
431:Tropical cyclogenesis
410:
329:Tropical Storm Amelia
314:tropical cyclogenesis
222:$ 135 million (1978
4674:on December 27, 2013
4512:University of Dundee
4427:on November 18, 2018
2758:Tropical storm
2728:Tropical storm
2644:Tropical storm
2617:Netherlands Antilles
2568:September 8–10
2540:September 4–15
2512:September 3–11
2405:Tropical storm
2250:Tropical storm
2218:Tropical storm
2030:Saffir–Simpson scale
1819:on November 5.
1349:Netherlands Antilles
1334:Stann Creek District
926:Tropical Storm Debra
766:along a dissipating
418:on September 18
345:Tropical Storm Debra
310:Saffir–Simpson scale
5528:Australian region (
4733:1983CorRe...1..203K
4632:Kingman Daily Miner
3751:Beaver County Times
3693:University of Texas
2817:October 26–29
2789:October 13–17
2619:, Central America (
2427:Mid-Atlantic states
2129:January 18–23
2068:
1477:Tropical Storm Irma
1380:Tropical Storm Hope
1366:Belize Barrier Reef
1360:along the offshore
901:Presque Isle, Maine
789:Tampico, Tamaulipas
698:Tropical Storm Bess
594:to be located over
168:Seasonal statistics
120:By central pressure
43:First system formed
38:Seasonal boundaries
5611:Non-seasonal lists
5541:North Indian Ocean
4741:10.1007/bf00304416
4421:Environment Canada
3111:. Miami, Florida:
2898:Season aggregates
2873:November 3–5
2755:October 7–11
2709:Mexico (Veracruz)
2402:August 26–29
2336:Windward Islands (
2085:at peak intensity
2067:season statistics
2062:
1719:high-pressure area
1223:Hong Kong Merchant
1018:Cameron, Louisiana
773:Brownsville, Texas
688:Port Isabel, Texas
683:Brownsville, Texas
540:spawned a surface
420:
414:directly north of
137:1-minute sustained
133:130 mph (215 km/h)
85:1-minute sustained
81:140 mph (220 km/h)
32:Season summary map
5631:
5630:
5481:
5480:
5474:
5416:
5392:
5391:
4229:. August 29, 1978
3706:978-0-292-78053-8
2930:
2929:
2725:October 2–5
2368:August 9–10
2324:August 7–11
2284:August 7–12
2059:
2058:
2032:
1996:
1995:
1705:
1704:
1690:
1632:
1631:
1617:
1539:
1538:
1524:
1458:S.S. Banglar Mann
1442:
1441:
1427:
1315:
1314:
1300:
1289:
1206:
1205:
1191:
1144:Hurricane Flossie
1134:Labor Day Weekend
1113:short-wave trough
1102:
1101:
1087:
1006:Yucatán Peninsula
998:low-pressure area
988:
987:
973:
861:
860:
846:
760:
759:
745:
664:
663:
649:
584:Hurricane Hunters
550:subtropical ridge
542:low-pressure area
528:
527:
513:
306:tropical cyclones
290:
289:
173:Total depressions
5651:
5508:
5501:
5494:
5485:
5484:
5469:
5411:
5396:
5395:
5382:
5381:
5362:
5350:
5338:
5326:
5314:
5302:
5290:
5278:
5266:
5254:
5242:
5230:
5221:
5201:
5194:
5187:
5178:
5177:
5155:
5154:
5152:
5150:
5139:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5125:
5115:
5107:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5096:
5090:
5079:
5071:
5065:
5064:
5062:
5060:
5044:
5033:
5032:
5030:
5028:
5012:
5006:
5005:
5003:
5001:
4985:
4979:
4978:
4976:
4974:
4959:
4953:
4952:
4950:
4948:
4932:
4926:
4925:
4923:
4921:
4906:
4895:
4894:
4892:
4890:
4874:
4865:
4864:
4862:
4860:
4844:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4826:
4820:
4811:
4805:
4804:
4802:
4800:
4794:
4785:
4779:
4778:
4776:
4774:
4768:
4759:
4753:
4752:
4716:
4710:
4709:
4707:
4705:
4699:
4690:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4679:
4673:
4658:
4650:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4639:
4624:
4618:
4617:
4615:
4613:
4598:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4578:
4563:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4552:
4537:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4523:
4514:. Archived from
4504:Trevor A. Harley
4500:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4489:
4473:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4462:
4446:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4432:
4413:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4402:
4386:
4380:
4379:
4377:
4375:
4360:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4349:
4333:
4327:
4326:
4324:
4322:
4306:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4288:
4272:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4261:
4245:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4234:
4217:
4211:
4210:
4208:
4206:
4191:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4180:
4163:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4152:
4135:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4124:
4108:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4092:
4086:
4077:
4060:
4059:
4051:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4040:
4025:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4014:
3998:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3977:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3967:
3956:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3942:
3937:
3917:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3876:
3860:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3846:
3830:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3801:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3778:
3769:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3743:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3732:
3717:
3711:
3710:
3690:
3680:
3674:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3661:
3659:
3641:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3621:
3610:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3599:
3583:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3569:
3553:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3526:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3515:
3499:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3488:
3473:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3462:
3446:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3392:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3365:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3354:
3339:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3254:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3193:
3184:
3178:
3177:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3154:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3105:
3094:
3093:
3087:
3085:
3072:"Hurricane Bob?"
3068:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3051:
3044:
3035:
2950:
2945:
2944:
2943:
2297:Windward Islands
2247:August 5–8
2185:July 10–12
2157:June 21–23
2069:
2061:
2028:
2025:
1990:
1982:
1974:
1966:
1958:
1950:
1942:
1930:
1922:
1914:
1859:
1745:Windward Islands
1688:
1670:
1669:
1664:
1661:
1647:
1646:
1643:Hurricane Kendra
1615:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1588:
1574:
1573:
1522:
1504:
1503:
1498:
1495:
1481:
1480:
1425:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1398:
1384:
1383:
1298:
1283:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1264:
1250:
1249:
1189:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1162:
1148:
1147:
1085:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1058:
1044:
1043:
1022:Freshwater Bayou
971:
953:
952:
947:
944:
930:
929:
882:Hurricane Kristy
873:Hurricane Hunter
844:
826:
825:
820:
817:
803:
802:
785:Tuxpan, Veracruz
781:Nautla, Veracruz
743:
725:
724:
719:
716:
702:
701:
647:
629:
628:
623:
620:
606:
605:
572:(NHC) initiated
511:
493:
492:
487:
484:
470:
469:
298:hurricane season
231:Related articles
211:Total fatalities
197:Major hurricanes
54:November 1, 1978
46:January 18, 1978
30:
18:
17:
5659:
5658:
5654:
5653:
5652:
5650:
5649:
5648:
5634:
5633:
5632:
5627:
5606:
5590:
5569:
5557:South Pacific (
5517:
5512:
5482:
5477:
5403:
5393:
5388:
5370:
5369:
5368:
5363:
5360:
5357:
5356:
5351:
5348:
5345:
5344:
5339:
5336:
5333:
5332:
5327:
5324:
5321:
5320:
5315:
5312:
5309:
5308:
5303:
5300:
5297:
5296:
5291:
5288:
5285:
5284:
5279:
5276:
5273:
5272:
5267:
5264:
5261:
5260:
5255:
5252:
5249:
5248:
5243:
5240:
5237:
5236:
5231:
5228:
5222:
5211:
5205:
5163:
5158:
5148:
5146:
5141:
5140:
5133:
5123:
5121:
5113:
5109:
5108:
5104:
5094:
5092:
5088:
5077:
5073:
5072:
5068:
5058:
5056:
5045:
5036:
5026:
5024:
5013:
5009:
4999:
4997:
4986:
4982:
4972:
4970:
4961:
4960:
4956:
4946:
4944:
4933:
4929:
4919:
4917:
4908:
4907:
4898:
4888:
4886:
4875:
4868:
4858:
4856:
4845:
4834:
4824:
4822:
4818:
4812:
4808:
4798:
4796:
4792:
4786:
4782:
4772:
4770:
4766:
4760:
4756:
4717:
4713:
4703:
4701:
4697:
4691:
4687:
4677:
4675:
4671:
4656:
4652:
4651:
4647:
4637:
4635:
4626:
4625:
4621:
4611:
4609:
4600:
4599:
4586:
4576:
4574:
4565:
4564:
4560:
4550:
4548:
4539:
4538:
4531:
4521:
4519:
4501:
4497:
4487:
4485:
4474:
4470:
4460:
4458:
4447:
4440:
4430:
4428:
4415:
4414:
4410:
4400:
4398:
4387:
4383:
4373:
4371:
4362:
4361:
4357:
4347:
4345:
4334:
4330:
4320:
4318:
4307:
4296:
4286:
4284:
4273:
4269:
4259:
4257:
4246:
4242:
4232:
4230:
4219:
4218:
4214:
4204:
4202:
4193:
4192:
4188:
4178:
4176:
4165:
4164:
4160:
4150:
4148:
4137:
4136:
4132:
4122:
4120:
4109:
4100:
4090:
4088:
4084:
4078:
4063:
4053:
4052:
4048:
4038:
4036:
4027:
4026:
4022:
4012:
4010:
3999:
3995:
3986:
3984:
3979:
3978:
3974:
3965:
3963:
3958:
3957:
3950:
3940:
3938:
3918:
3911:
3901:
3899:
3888:
3884:
3874:
3872:
3861:
3854:
3844:
3842:
3831:
3824:
3814:
3812:
3803:
3802:
3798:
3788:
3786:
3776:
3770:
3766:
3756:
3754:
3745:
3744:
3740:
3730:
3728:
3719:
3718:
3714:
3707:
3695:Press. p.
3681:
3677:
3665:
3657:
3655:
3642:
3629:
3619:
3617:
3612:
3611:
3607:
3597:
3595:
3584:
3577:
3567:
3565:
3554:
3550:
3540:
3538:
3527:
3523:
3513:
3511:
3500:
3496:
3486:
3484:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3460:
3458:
3447:
3443:
3433:
3431:
3420:
3416:
3406:
3404:
3393:
3389:
3379:
3377:
3366:
3362:
3352:
3350:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3324:
3322:
3313:
3304:
3302:
3293:
3284:
3282:
3273:
3264:
3262:
3252:
3246:
3242:
3232:
3230:
3221:
3220:
3216:
3206:
3204:
3195:
3194:
3187:
3175:
3167:
3165:
3164:. April 5, 2023
3156:
3155:
3128:
3118:
3116:
3107:
3106:
3097:
3083:
3081:
3070:
3069:
3065:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3042:
3036:
3023:
3019:
3014:
2946:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2931:
2467:Atlantic Canada
2344:Central America
2110:
2106:Areas affected
2098:
2096:
2091:
2089:
2084:
2073:
2019:
2007:
2001:
1985:
1977:
1969:
1961:
1953:
1945:
1937:
1925:
1917:
1909:
1825:
1731:
1692:
1671:
1662:
1656:
1645:
1619:
1598:
1589:
1583:
1572:
1526:
1505:
1496:
1490:
1479:
1429:
1408:
1399:
1393:
1382:
1342:Central America
1321:
1302:
1274:
1265:
1259:
1248:
1246:Hurricane Greta
1219:Lesser Antilles
1193:
1172:
1163:
1157:
1146:
1116:United States.
1108:
1089:
1068:
1059:
1053:
1042:
1034:Crystal Springs
994:
975:
954:
945:
939:
928:
920:Double Eagle II
848:
827:
818:
812:
801:
747:
726:
717:
711:
700:
670:
651:
630:
621:
615:
604:
546:Lesser Antilles
534:
515:
494:
485:
479:
468:
463:
412:Hurricane Greta
405:
404:
402:
393:
371:, particularly
369:Central America
365:Atlantic Canada
267:
259:
198:
134:
82:
59:Strongest storm
33:
12:
11:
5:
5657:
5647:
5646:
5629:
5628:
5626:
5625:
5623:South Atlantic
5620:
5614:
5612:
5608:
5607:
5605:
5604:
5598:
5596:
5592:
5591:
5589:
5588:
5583:
5577:
5575:
5571:
5570:
5568:
5567:
5561:
5555:
5549:
5543:
5538:
5532:
5525:
5523:
5519:
5518:
5511:
5510:
5503:
5496:
5488:
5479:
5478:
5476:
5475:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5408:
5405:
5404:
5390:
5389:
5387:
5386:
5375:
5372:
5371:
5358:
5346:
5334:
5322:
5310:
5298:
5286:
5274:
5262:
5250:
5238:
5226:
5225:
5223:
5216:
5213:
5212:
5204:
5203:
5196:
5189:
5181:
5175:
5174:
5169:
5162:
5161:External links
5159:
5157:
5156:
5131:
5102:
5066:
5034:
5007:
4980:
4954:
4927:
4896:
4866:
4832:
4806:
4780:
4754:
4711:
4685:
4645:
4619:
4584:
4558:
4529:
4495:
4468:
4438:
4408:
4381:
4355:
4328:
4294:
4267:
4240:
4212:
4186:
4158:
4130:
4098:
4061:
4046:
4020:
3993:
3972:
3948:
3909:
3882:
3852:
3822:
3796:
3764:
3738:
3712:
3705:
3675:
3627:
3605:
3575:
3548:
3521:
3494:
3468:
3441:
3414:
3387:
3360:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3311:
3291:
3240:
3214:
3185:
3126:
3115:. June 1, 2023
3095:
3080:. May 13, 1978
3063:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2988:
2978:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2935:
2932:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2920:$ 141 million
2918:
2916:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2900:
2899:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2871:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2735:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2234:$ 110 million
2232:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2107:
2104:
2093:
2086:
2078:
2075:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2018:
2017:Season effects
2015:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1983:
1975:
1967:
1959:
1951:
1943:
1933:
1932:
1931:
1923:
1915:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1824:
1821:
1730:
1727:
1703:
1702:
1685:
1684:Peak intensity
1681:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1672:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1644:
1641:
1630:
1629:
1612:
1611:Peak intensity
1608:
1607:
1604:
1600:
1599:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1571:
1568:
1547:tropical storm
1537:
1536:
1519:
1518:Peak intensity
1515:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1478:
1475:
1440:
1439:
1422:
1421:Peak intensity
1418:
1417:
1414:
1410:
1409:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1381:
1378:
1356:the houses on
1353:Hurricane Fifi
1317:Main article:
1313:
1312:
1295:
1294:Peak intensity
1291:
1290:
1280:
1276:
1275:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1247:
1244:
1204:
1203:
1186:
1185:Peak intensity
1182:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1145:
1142:
1126:North Carolina
1104:Main article:
1100:
1099:
1082:
1081:Peak intensity
1078:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1069:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1041:
1040:Hurricane Ella
1038:
990:Main article:
986:
985:
968:
967:Peak intensity
964:
963:
960:
956:
955:
938:
935:
934:
927:
924:
912:Maxie Anderson
859:
858:
841:
840:Peak intensity
837:
836:
833:
829:
828:
811:
808:
807:
800:
799:Hurricane Cora
797:
758:
757:
740:
739:Peak intensity
736:
735:
732:
728:
727:
710:
707:
706:
699:
696:
666:Main article:
662:
661:
644:
643:Peak intensity
640:
639:
636:
632:
631:
614:
611:
610:
603:
600:
526:
525:
508:
507:Peak intensity
504:
503:
500:
496:
495:
478:
475:
474:
467:
464:
462:
459:
395:
394:
392:
391:Season summary
389:
381:crossed intact
325:Gulf of Mexico
288:
287:
261:
260:
258:
257:
252:
247:
242:
236:
233:
232:
228:
227:
220:
216:
215:
212:
208:
207:
204:
194:
193:
190:
186:
185:
182:
178:
177:
174:
170:
169:
165:
164:
161:
160:
145:
141:
140:
131:
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
113:
112:
109:
108:
93:
89:
88:
79:
75:
74:
69:
65:
64:
61:
60:
56:
55:
52:
48:
47:
44:
40:
39:
35:
34:
31:
23:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5656:
5645:
5642:
5641:
5639:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5618:Mediterranean
5616:
5615:
5613:
5609:
5603:
5600:
5599:
5597:
5593:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5578:
5576:
5572:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5556:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5527:
5526:
5524:
5520:
5516:
5509:
5504:
5502:
5497:
5495:
5490:
5489:
5486:
5473:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5415:
5410:
5409:
5406:
5402:
5397:
5385:
5377:
5376:
5373:
5367:
5355:
5343:
5331:
5319:
5307:
5295:
5283:
5271:
5259:
5247:
5235:
5220:
5214:
5210:
5202:
5197:
5195:
5190:
5188:
5183:
5182:
5179:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5164:
5144:
5138:
5136:
5119:
5112:
5106:
5091:on 2014-06-07
5087:
5083:
5076:
5070:
5054:
5050:
5043:
5041:
5039:
5022:
5018:
5011:
4995:
4991:
4984:
4968:
4964:
4958:
4942:
4938:
4931:
4915:
4911:
4905:
4903:
4901:
4884:
4880:
4873:
4871:
4854:
4850:
4843:
4841:
4839:
4837:
4817:
4810:
4791:
4784:
4765:
4758:
4750:
4746:
4742:
4738:
4734:
4730:
4726:
4722:
4715:
4696:
4689:
4670:
4666:
4662:
4655:
4649:
4633:
4629:
4623:
4607:
4603:
4597:
4595:
4593:
4591:
4589:
4572:
4568:
4562:
4546:
4542:
4536:
4534:
4518:on 2008-04-03
4517:
4513:
4509:
4505:
4499:
4483:
4479:
4472:
4456:
4452:
4445:
4443:
4426:
4422:
4418:
4412:
4396:
4392:
4385:
4369:
4365:
4359:
4343:
4339:
4332:
4316:
4312:
4305:
4303:
4301:
4299:
4282:
4278:
4271:
4255:
4251:
4244:
4228:
4227:
4222:
4216:
4200:
4196:
4190:
4174:
4173:
4168:
4162:
4146:
4145:
4140:
4134:
4118:
4114:
4107:
4105:
4103:
4083:
4076:
4074:
4072:
4070:
4068:
4066:
4057:
4050:
4034:
4030:
4024:
4008:
4004:
3997:
3982:
3976:
3961:
3955:
3953:
3936:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3916:
3914:
3897:
3893:
3886:
3870:
3866:
3859:
3857:
3840:
3836:
3829:
3827:
3810:
3806:
3800:
3784:
3783:
3775:
3768:
3752:
3748:
3742:
3726:
3722:
3716:
3708:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3689:
3688:
3687:Texas Weather
3679:
3672:
3671:public domain
3653:
3652:
3647:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3615:
3609:
3593:
3589:
3582:
3580:
3563:
3559:
3552:
3536:
3532:
3525:
3509:
3505:
3498:
3482:
3478:
3472:
3456:
3452:
3445:
3429:
3425:
3418:
3402:
3398:
3391:
3375:
3371:
3364:
3353:September 28,
3348:
3344:
3338:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3271:
3260:
3259:
3251:
3244:
3228:
3224:
3218:
3202:
3198:
3192:
3190:
3182:
3181:public domain
3168:September 20,
3163:
3159:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3114:
3110:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3091:
3079:
3078:
3073:
3067:
3048:
3041:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3021:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2938:
2925:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2896:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2868:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2840:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2812:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2784:
2773:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2750:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2720:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2692:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2664:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2636:
2628:$ 25 million
2624:
2623:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2601:
2597:
2585:
2584:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2563:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2535:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2507:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2479:
2468:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2447:
2443:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2399:
2395:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2363:
2351:
2350:
2345:
2341:
2340:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2319:
2308:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2279:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2242:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2212:
2208:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2180:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2152:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2124:
2114:
2102:
2083:
2077:Dates active
2070:
2066:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2023:
2014:
2012:
2006:
1989:
1984:
1981:
1978:Vanessa
1976:
1973:
1968:
1965:
1960:
1957:
1954:Rosalie
1952:
1949:
1944:
1941:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1921:
1916:
1913:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1778:Flores Island
1774:
1769:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1729:Other systems
1726:
1724:
1720:
1714:
1711:
1700:
1696:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1668:
1660:
1653:
1648:
1640:
1636:
1627:
1623:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1595:
1587:
1580:
1575:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1555:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1534:
1530:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1502:
1494:
1487:
1482:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1437:
1433:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1405:
1397:
1390:
1385:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1354:
1350:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1320:
1310:
1306:
1296:
1292:
1287:
1281:
1277:
1271:
1263:
1256:
1251:
1243:
1241:
1240:Great Britain
1237:
1233:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1211:
1201:
1197:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1169:
1161:
1154:
1149:
1141:
1139:
1138:beach erosion
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1117:
1114:
1107:
1097:
1093:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1065:
1057:
1050:
1045:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1012:
1007:
1003:
999:
993:
983:
979:
969:
965:
961:
957:
951:
943:
936:
931:
923:
921:
917:
916:transatlantic
913:
909:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
885:
883:
878:
874:
870:
869:Doris in 1975
866:
856:
852:
842:
838:
834:
830:
824:
816:
809:
804:
796:
794:
793:Hurricane Iva
790:
786:
782:
776:
774:
769:
765:
755:
751:
741:
737:
733:
729:
723:
715:
708:
703:
695:
691:
689:
684:
680:
675:
674:tropical wave
669:
659:
655:
645:
641:
637:
633:
627:
619:
612:
607:
599:
597:
593:
587:
585:
580:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
533:
523:
519:
509:
505:
501:
497:
491:
483:
476:
471:
458:
456:
451:
449:
445:
441:
437:
432:
428:
426:
417:
413:
409:
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
343:, and later,
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
237:
234:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
202:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
132:
128:
125:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
80:
76:
73:
70:
66:
62:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
36:
29:
24:
19:
16:
5580:
5459:
5208:
5147:. Retrieved
5122:. Retrieved
5105:
5093:. Retrieved
5086:the original
5081:
5069:
5057:. Retrieved
5052:
5025:. Retrieved
5020:
5010:
4998:. Retrieved
4993:
4983:
4971:. Retrieved
4966:
4957:
4945:. Retrieved
4940:
4930:
4918:. Retrieved
4913:
4887:. Retrieved
4882:
4857:. Retrieved
4852:
4823:. Retrieved
4809:
4797:. Retrieved
4783:
4771:. Retrieved
4757:
4724:
4720:
4714:
4702:. Retrieved
4688:
4676:. Retrieved
4669:the original
4664:
4660:
4648:
4636:. Retrieved
4631:
4622:
4610:. Retrieved
4605:
4575:. Retrieved
4570:
4561:
4549:. Retrieved
4544:
4520:. Retrieved
4516:the original
4498:
4486:. Retrieved
4481:
4471:
4459:. Retrieved
4454:
4429:. Retrieved
4425:the original
4411:
4399:. Retrieved
4394:
4384:
4372:. Retrieved
4367:
4358:
4346:. Retrieved
4341:
4331:
4319:. Retrieved
4314:
4285:. Retrieved
4280:
4270:
4258:. Retrieved
4253:
4243:
4231:. Retrieved
4226:Deseret News
4224:
4215:
4203:. Retrieved
4198:
4189:
4177:. Retrieved
4170:
4161:
4149:. Retrieved
4142:
4133:
4121:. Retrieved
4116:
4089:. Retrieved
4055:
4049:
4037:. Retrieved
4032:
4023:
4011:. Retrieved
4006:
3996:
3985:. Retrieved
3983:. NOAA. 1978
3975:
3964:. Retrieved
3962:. NOAA. 1978
3939:. Retrieved
3925:
3900:. Retrieved
3895:
3885:
3873:. Retrieved
3868:
3843:. Retrieved
3838:
3813:. Retrieved
3808:
3799:
3787:. Retrieved
3780:
3767:
3755:. Retrieved
3750:
3741:
3729:. Retrieved
3724:
3715:
3686:
3678:
3656:. Retrieved
3650:
3618:. Retrieved
3608:
3596:. Retrieved
3591:
3566:. Retrieved
3561:
3551:
3539:. Retrieved
3534:
3524:
3512:. Retrieved
3507:
3497:
3485:. Retrieved
3480:
3471:
3459:. Retrieved
3454:
3444:
3432:. Retrieved
3427:
3417:
3405:. Retrieved
3400:
3390:
3378:. Retrieved
3373:
3363:
3351:. Retrieved
3346:
3337:
3323:. Retrieved
3318:
3303:. Retrieved
3298:
3283:. Retrieved
3278:
3263:. Retrieved
3256:
3243:
3231:. Retrieved
3226:
3217:
3205:. Retrieved
3200:
3166:. Retrieved
3117:. Retrieved
3088:– via
3082:. Retrieved
3075:
3066:
3054:. Retrieved
2860:$ 6 million
2620:
2581:
2418:
2380:
2347:
2337:
2300:
2263:
2227:
2020:
2010:
2008:
1987:
1979:
1971:
1963:
1955:
1947:
1939:
1927:
1926:Noreen
1919:
1918:Martha
1911:
1910:Louise
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1826:
1808:Corvo Island
1805:
1786:
1765:
1732:
1715:
1706:
1637:
1633:
1556:
1551:anticyclonic
1540:
1457:
1454:
1443:
1346:
1322:
1286:Exited basin
1228:
1222:
1207:
1118:
1109:
1026:Lake Charles
1015:
995:
886:
862:
777:
761:
692:
671:
588:
554:non-tropical
535:
452:
429:
421:
384:
322:
302:named storms
293:
291:
276:
219:Total damage
181:Total storms
136:
84:
15:
5149:January 17,
5124:January 17,
4721:Coral Reefs
4661:The Patriot
4056:New Mexican
3725:Times-Union
3090:Google News
2903:24 systems
2768:Puerto Rico
2431:New England
2092:mph (km/h)
1986:Wanda
1970:Tanya
1962:Susan
1946:Paula
1823:Storm names
1813:North Abaco
1374:Belize City
1370:storm surge
1362:Bay Islands
1130:Outer Banks
1030:New Orleans
1011:Ohio Valley
908:Ben Abruzzo
905:balloonists
893:Saint Lucia
318:subtropical
5574:Hurricanes
5412:Previous:
4727:(4): 203.
3987:2009-04-24
3966:2009-04-24
3902:January 1,
3875:January 1,
3845:January 1,
3658:January 6,
3017:References
2912:140 (220)
2625:), Mexico
2610:135 (215)
2583:Tamaulipas
2546:100 (155)
2456:140 (220)
2003:See also:
1999:Retirement
1793:Tamaulipas
1757:Bluefields
1620:1006
1564:cold front
1122:St. John's
976:1000
768:cold front
748:1005
652:1005
596:Hispaniola
558:baroclinic
538:westerlies
530:See also:
516:1002
347:did so in
189:Hurricanes
4816:HWDamage2
4790:HWDamage7
4764:HWDamage6
4695:HWDamage7
4417:1978-Ella
2851:80 (130)
2647:65 (100)
2419:Louisiana
2382:Louisiana
2349:Nicaragua
2290:90 (150)
2088:Max 1-min
2009:The name
1938:Ora
1761:Nicaragua
1710:Mayaguana
1693:990
1527:998
1467:ReykjavĂk
1430:987
1303:947
1236:Fair Isle
1194:976
1090:956
849:980
586:reports.
349:Louisiana
304:. Eleven
5638:Category
5595:Typhoons
5581:Atlantic
5522:Cyclones
5384:Category
4612:June 19,
4577:June 19,
4551:June 19,
4506:(2012).
4401:June 14,
3119:July 20,
3084:July 20,
3047:Archived
2934:See also
2879:35 (55)
2870:Unnamed
2823:30 (45)
2814:Unnamed
2795:35 (55)
2786:Unnamed
2761:50 (85)
2731:50 (85)
2703:35 (55)
2694:Unnamed
2675:35 (55)
2580:Mexico (
2574:35 (55)
2537:Flossie
2518:35 (55)
2490:35 (55)
2481:Unnamed
2408:60 (95)
2374:30 (45)
2365:Unnamed
2330:35 (55)
2311:Minimal
2265:Veracruz
2253:50 (85)
2221:50 (85)
2191:35 (55)
2182:Unnamed
2163:30 (45)
2154:Unnamed
2135:45 (75)
2126:Unnamed
2082:category
1988:(unused)
1980:(unused)
1972:(unused)
1964:(unused)
1956:(unused)
1948:(unused)
1940:(unused)
1928:(unused)
1920:(unused)
1912:(unused)
1797:Campeche
1789:La Pesca
1741:Barbados
1676:Duration
1603:Duration
1510:Duration
1413:Duration
1330:Honduras
1325:Trinidad
1279:Duration
1177:Duration
1073:Duration
959:Duration
903:, where
897:Castries
889:Barbados
832:Duration
731:Duration
635:Duration
579:rainband
499:Duration
416:Honduras
377:Honduras
341:Veracruz
214:41 total
155:; 27.97
103:; 28.23
5602:Pacific
5586:Pacific
5564:1978–79
5559:1977–78
5552:1978–79
5547:1977–78
5535:1978–79
5530:1977–78
5306:Flossie
5095:June 6,
5059:June 5,
5027:June 5,
5000:June 5,
4973:June 5,
4947:June 5,
4920:June 5,
4889:June 5,
4859:June 5,
4825:June 5,
4799:June 5,
4773:June 5,
4749:1844072
4729:Bibcode
4704:June 5,
4678:June 5,
4638:June 5,
4522:June 5,
4488:June 5,
4461:June 5,
4431:May 10,
4374:June 5,
4348:June 5,
4321:June 5,
4287:June 5,
4260:June 5,
4233:June 5,
4205:June 5,
4179:June 5,
4151:June 5,
4123:June 5,
4091:June 5,
4039:June 3,
4013:June 3,
3941:June 3,
3815:June 3,
3789:June 3,
3757:June 3,
3731:June 3,
3620:June 3,
3598:June 3,
3568:June 3,
3541:June 3,
3514:June 3,
3487:June 3,
3461:June 3,
3434:June 3,
3407:June 3,
3380:June 3,
3325:June 6,
3305:June 3,
3285:June 3,
3265:June 3,
3233:May 25,
3207:May 30,
3056:June 3,
2996:1978–79
2992:1977–78
2986:1978–79
2982:1977–78
2976:1978–79
2972:1977–78
2926:
2842:Kendra
2772:Bermuda
2752:Juliet
2666:Twelve
2302:Grenada
2121:Ref(s)
2118:Deaths
1885:Flossie
1841:Flossie
1801:Tampico
1780:in the
1773:Senegal
1697: (
1689:(1-min)
1624: (
1616:(1-min)
1531: (
1523:(1-min)
1471:Iceland
1434: (
1426:(1-min)
1307: (
1299:(1-min)
1214:Senegal
1198: (
1190:(1-min)
1094: (
1086:(1-min)
1002:Florida
980: (
972:(1-min)
877:Grenada
853: (
845:(1-min)
764:Georgia
752: (
744:(1-min)
656: (
648:(1-min)
520: (
512:(1-min)
461:Systems
201:Cat. 3+
5470:Next:
5366:Kendra
5354:Juliet
5246:Amelia
4747:
3703:
2909:
2738:Azores
2622:Belize
2509:Eight
2435:Minor
2339:Bequia
2260:Mexico
2211:Amelia
2109:Damage
2097:press.
2080:Storm
1906:Kendra
1903:Juliet
1865:Amelia
1853:Juliet
1851:, and
1829:Amelia
1782:Azores
1749:Bequia
1663:
1590:
1560:Azores
1543:Azores
1497:
1400:
1358:Roatán
1338:Belize
1266:
1164:
1060:
946:
819:
718:
622:
486:
385:Olivia
373:Belize
5318:Greta
5282:Debra
5114:(PDF)
5089:(PDF)
5078:(PDF)
4819:(JPG)
4793:(JPG)
4767:(JPG)
4745:S2CID
4698:(JPG)
4672:(PDF)
4657:(PDF)
4085:(PDF)
3777:(PDF)
3253:(PDF)
3050:(PDF)
3043:(PDF)
3012:Notes
2891:None
2888:None
2885:None
2882:1006
2835:None
2832:None
2829:None
2826:1008
2807:None
2804:None
2801:None
2779:None
2776:None
2764:1006
2745:None
2742:None
2722:Irma
2715:None
2712:None
2706:1001
2687:None
2684:None
2681:None
2678:1008
2659:None
2656:None
2653:None
2638:Hope
2600:Greta
2592:None
2589:None
2577:1003
2565:Nine
2558:None
2555:None
2552:None
2530:None
2527:None
2524:None
2521:1009
2502:None
2499:None
2496:None
2493:1013
2474:None
2471:None
2411:1000
2398:Debra
2390:None
2387:None
2377:1015
2358:None
2355:None
2333:1008
2321:Four
2307:Maine
2281:Cora
2274:None
2271:None
2256:1005
2244:Bess
2229:Texas
2224:1005
2203:None
2200:None
2197:None
2194:1011
2175:None
2172:None
2169:None
2166:1014
2147:None
2144:None
2141:None
2138:1002
2074:name
2072:Storm
2063:1978
2011:Greta
1889:Greta
1876:Debra
1753:Aruba
1747:over
1210:Dakar
448:Greta
440:Debra
357:Greta
333:Texas
124:Greta
5472:1980
5465:1979
5460:1978
5455:1977
5450:1976
5445:1975
5440:1974
5435:1973
5430:1972
5425:1971
5420:1970
5414:1969
5342:Irma
5330:Hope
5294:Ella
5270:Cora
5258:Bess
5151:2024
5126:2024
5118:NOAA
5097:2014
5061:2014
5029:2014
5002:2014
4975:2014
4949:2014
4922:2014
4891:2014
4861:2014
4827:2014
4801:2014
4775:2014
4706:2014
4680:2014
4640:2014
4614:2014
4579:2014
4553:2014
4524:2014
4490:2014
4463:2014
4433:2021
4403:2014
4376:2014
4350:2014
4323:2014
4289:2014
4262:2014
4235:2014
4207:2014
4181:2014
4153:2014
4125:2014
4093:2014
4041:2014
4015:2014
3943:2014
3904:2013
3877:2013
3847:2013
3817:2014
3791:2014
3759:2014
3733:2014
3701:ISBN
3660:2023
3622:2014
3600:2014
3570:2014
3543:2014
3516:2014
3489:2014
3463:2014
3436:2014
3409:2014
3382:2014
3355:2021
3327:2014
3307:2014
3287:2014
3267:2014
3235:2014
3209:2014
3170:2024
3121:2023
3086:2023
3058:2014
2915:947
2854:990
2798:992
2734:998
2650:987
2613:947
2549:976
2459:956
2446:Ella
2293:980
2101:mbar
2095:Min.
2090:wind
1900:Irma
1897:Hope
1881:Ella
1872:Cora
1869:Bess
1849:Irma
1845:Hope
1837:Cora
1833:Bess
1695:mbar
1622:mbar
1529:mbar
1432:mbar
1305:mbar
1196:mbar
1092:mbar
1028:and
978:mbar
891:and
851:mbar
787:and
750:mbar
654:mbar
518:mbar
444:Ella
375:and
363:and
355:and
353:Ella
337:US$
292:The
285:1980
281:1979
277:1978
273:1977
269:1976
157:inHg
149:mbar
147:947
105:inHg
97:mbar
95:956
72:Ella
5234:One
4737:doi
3930:doi
2923:41
2421:),
2342:),
2305:),
2237:33
2113:USD
2055:C5
2052:C4
2049:C3
2046:C2
2043:C1
2040:TS
2037:TD
1699:hPa
1626:hPa
1533:hPa
1436:hPa
1309:hPa
1200:hPa
1096:hPa
982:hPa
855:hPa
754:hPa
658:hPa
562:UTC
522:hPa
224:USD
153:hPa
101:hPa
5640::
5349:TS
5337:TS
5325:TS
5277:TS
5253:TS
5241:TS
5229:SS
5134:^
5080:.
5051:.
5037:^
5019:.
4992:.
4965:.
4939:.
4912:.
4899:^
4881:.
4869:^
4851:.
4835:^
4743:.
4735:.
4723:.
4663:.
4659:.
4630:.
4604:.
4587:^
4569:.
4543:.
4532:^
4480:.
4453:.
4441:^
4393:.
4366:.
4340:.
4313:.
4297:^
4279:.
4252:.
4223:.
4197:.
4169:.
4141:.
4115:.
4101:^
4064:^
4031:.
4005:.
3951:^
3924:.
3912:^
3894:.
3867:.
3855:^
3837:.
3825:^
3807:.
3779:.
3749:.
3723:.
3699:.
3697:52
3691:.
3648:.
3630:^
3590:.
3578:^
3560:.
3533:.
3506:.
3479:.
3453:.
3426:.
3399:.
3372:.
3345:.
3317:.
3297:.
3277:.
3255:.
3225:.
3199:.
3188:^
3129:^
3098:^
3074:.
3024:^
2994:,
2984:,
2974:,
2863:1
2770:,
2631:5
2586:)
2465:,
2438:2
2429:,
2425:,
2352:)
2314:1
2268:)
2115:)
2103:)
1847:,
1843:,
1839:,
1835:,
1831:,
1791:,
1759:,
1473:.
1469:,
1336:,
1242:.
1238:,
1212:,
1013:.
996:A
910:,
884:.
795:.
672:A
283:,
279:,
275:,
271:,
184:12
176:24
5566:)
5554:)
5537:)
5507:e
5500:t
5493:v
5361:1
5313:4
5301:2
5289:4
5265:1
5200:e
5193:t
5186:v
5153:.
5128:.
5099:.
5063:.
5031:.
5004:.
4977:.
4951:.
4924:.
4893:.
4863:.
4829:.
4803:.
4777:.
4751:.
4739::
4731::
4725:1
4708:.
4682:.
4665:5
4642:.
4616:.
4581:.
4555:.
4526:.
4492:.
4465:.
4435:.
4405:.
4378:.
4352:.
4325:.
4291:.
4264:.
4237:.
4209:.
4183:.
4155:.
4127:.
4095:.
4043:.
4017:.
3990:.
3969:.
3945:.
3932::
3906:.
3879:.
3849:.
3819:.
3793:.
3761:.
3735:.
3709:.
3673:.
3662:.
3624:.
3602:.
3572:.
3545:.
3518:.
3491:.
3465:.
3438:.
3411:.
3384:.
3357:.
3329:.
3309:.
3289:.
3269:.
3237:.
3211:.
3183:.
3172:.
3123:.
3092:.
3060:.
2417:(
2346:(
2299:(
2262:(
2111:(
2099:(
1701:)
1691:;
1628:)
1618:;
1535:)
1525:;
1438:)
1428:;
1311:)
1301:;
1288:)
1284:(
1202:)
1192:;
1098:)
1088:;
984:)
974:;
857:)
847:;
756:)
746:;
660:)
650:;
524:)
514:;
226:)
206:2
203:)
199:(
192:5
159:)
151:(
139:)
135:(
107:)
99:(
87:)
83:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
