741:
1447:
1285:
1251:
1184:
750:
29:
1604:
1391:, as well as the County of Los Angeles, investigated and verified that local soil conditions contributed to the ground displacement and resulting destruction. The area of surface breaks on the ground at the site was 900 ft (270 m) (at its widest) and stretched 4,000 ft (1,200 m) down a 1% grade slope towards the southwest. As much as 5 ft (1.5 m) of lateral motion was observed on either end of the slide, and trenches that were excavated during the examination at the site revealed that some of the cracks were up to 15 ft (4.6 m) deep. The two facilities, located near Grapevine and Weldon canyons that channel water and debris off the Sierra Madre Mountains, are lined by steep ridges and have formed
1600:, the Seismic Hazards Mapping Act and Senate Bill 1953 (hospital safety requirements) were established. Following the San Fernando event, earthquake engineers and seismologists from established scientific organizations, as well as the newly formed Los Angeles County Earthquake Commission, stated their recommendations that were based on the lessons learned. The list of items needing improvements included building codes, dams and bridges being made more earthquake resistant, hospitals that are designed to remain operational, and the restriction of development near known fault zones. New legislation included the Alquist-Priolo Special Studies Zone Act and the development of the Strong Motion Instrumentation Program.
772:. The initial surveyors of the extensive faulting in the valley, foothills, and mountains reported only tectonic faulting, while excluding fissures and other features that arose from the effects of compaction and landslides. In the vicinity of the Sylmar Fault segment, there was a low possibility of landslides due to a lack of elevation change, but in the foothills and mountainous area a large amount of landslides occurred and more work was necessary to eliminate the possibility of misidentifying a feature. Along the hill fronts of the Tujunga segment, some ambiguous formations were present because some scarps may have had influence from downhill motion, but for the most part they were tectonic in nature.
1578:(3.75 mi (6.04 km) from Pacoima Dam) were post-Field Act, one-story, wood construction. Abundant cracks formed in the ground at the site, and some foundations and many sidewalks were also cracked. The estimate for repairs at the site was $ 485,000. At 2 mi (3.2 km), Hubbard Street Elementary School was the closest school to Pacoima dam and was also less than a mile from the Veterans Hospital complex. The wood-frame buildings (classrooms, a multipurpose building, and some bungalows) were built after the Field Act, and damage and cleanup costs there totaled $ 42,000. Gas lines were broken and separation of the buildings' porches was due to lateral displacement of up to six inches.
1726:
1293:
found to have occurred as a result of the shaking and not from ground displacement or faulting. Twenty-six buildings that were built prior to 1933 had been constructed following the local building codes and did not require seismic-resistant designs. These buildings suffered the most damage, with four buildings totally collapsing, which resulted in a large loss of life at the facility. Most of the masonry and reinforced concrete buildings constructed after 1933 withstood the shaking and most did not collapse, but in 1972 a resolution came forth to abandon the site and the remaining structures were later demolished, the site becoming a city park.
657:
1712:
1479:
44:
1338:
1129:'s abutments. Cracks formed in the rocks and a rock slide came within 15 feet (4.6 m) of the apparatus, and the foundation remained undamaged, but a small (half-degree) tilt of the unit was discovered that was apparently responsible for closing the horizontal pendulum contacts. As a result of what was considered a fortunate accident, the machine kept recording for six minutes (until it ran out of paper) and provided scientists with additional data on 30 of the initial aftershocks.
539:, but this time amended construction styles improved the outcome for the thousands of school buildings in the Los Angeles area. Another result of the event involved the hundreds of various types of landslides that were documented in the San Gabriel Mountains. As had happened following other earthquakes in California, legislation related to building codes was once again revised, with laws that specifically addressed the construction of homes or businesses near known active fault zones.
1698:
177:
1356:
Some canals in the area of the dams were damaged and not usable, and dikes experienced slumping but these did not present a hazard. The damage at the lower dam consisted of a landslide that dislocated a section of the embankment. The earthen lip of the dam fell into the reservoir and brought with it the concrete lining, while what remained of the dam was just 5 feet (1.5 m) above the water level. The upper lake
121:
79:
186:
149:
163:
107:
93:
135:
65:
51:
1502:
ground movement (defined as several inches of left-lateral displacement with possibly an element of thrusting) was observed in the area. The movement contributed to heavy damage at the Sylmar
Juvenile Hall facility, Sylmar Converter Station, and the Metropolitan Water District Treatment Plant, but its effects on the interchange was not completely understood as of a 1971 report from the
1276:
floors and the stairways at the early hour. Casualties in these highly affected areas might have increased had the shock occurred later in the day. The duration of strong ground motion at that location was probably similar to the 12 seconds observed at the
Pacoima Dam, and it is thought that another few seconds' shaking might have been enough to bring the building to collapse.
1050:
both the initial shock and the aftershocks. Few of the slides that were logged from the air were also observed from the ground. The greatest number of slides were centered to the southwest of the mainshock epicenter and close to the areas where surface faulting took place. The slides ranged from 49â984 feet (15â300 m) in length, and could be further categorized as
1242:. The group of one-story structures 300 feet west of the new facility, and some other buildings, were not damaged. The damaged buildings variously were wood-frame and masonry structures. The five-story, reinforced-concrete Medical Treatment and Care Building was one of three new additions to the complex (all three of which sustained damage), was assembled with
1677:
Program was initiated in 1971 with the goal of maximizing the volume of data by furnishing and maintaining instruments at selected lifeline structures, buildings, and ground response stations. By the late 1980s, the program had instrumented more than 450 structures, bridges, dams, and power plants. The
1573:
and the associated brick veneer broke off and some fragments fell through the roof to a lower floor, while other material landed on an exit stairway and into a courtyard area. The main building was demolished at a cost of $ 127,000, and none of the various post-Field Act buildings were damaged at the
1469:
and insufficient space (a 14 in (360 mm) seat was provided) on the support columns. Ground displacement at the site was ruled out as a major cause of the failure, and in addition to the fallen sections and a crane that was struck during the collapse, other portions of the overpass were also
1271:
technique used with the concrete walls at the first floor kept them from being part of that system. Damage to the building, including ceiling tiles, telephone equipment, and elevator doors, was excessive at the basement and the first floor, with little damage further up. The difference in rigidity at
1195:
that overlay thousands of feet of loosely consolidated sedimentary material. In the city of San
Fernando, underground water, sewer, and gas systems suffered breaks too numerous to count, and some sections were so badly damaged that they were abandoned. Ground displacement damaged sidewalks and roads,
1262:
that was exposed (above grade) on the east and south sides, mixed (above and below grade) on the west side, and below grade on the north side of the building, the variation being due to the shallow slope at the site. The complete structure, including the four external staircases, could be considered
505:
and
Veterans Hospital both experienced very heavy damage, and buildings collapsed at both sites, causing the majority of deaths that occurred. The buildings at both facilities were constructed with mixed styles, but engineers were unable to thoroughly study the buildings' responses because they were
1215:
suffered varying degrees of damage, with four major facilities in the San
Fernando Valley suffering structural damage, and two of those collapsing. The Indian Hills Medical Center, the Foothill Medical Building, and the Pacoima Lutheran Professional building were heavily damaged. Nursing homes also
1049:
over 97 sq mi (250 km) of the mountainous areas north of the San
Fernando Valley. Analysis revealed that the earthquake triggered over 1,000 landslides. Highly shattered rock was also documented along the ridge tops, and rockfalls (which continued for several days) were the result of
686:
duration of about 12 seconds as recorded by seismometers, although the whole event was reported to have lasted about 60 seconds. The origin of faulting was located five miles north of the San
Fernando Valley. Considerable damage was seen in localized portions of the valley and also in the foothills
518:
at its high-risk sites. Other sites throughout the Los
Angeles area had been instrumented as a result of local ordinances, and an unprecedented amount of strong motion data was recorded, more so than any other event up until that time. The success in this area spurred the initiation of California's
1355:
were severely damaged as a result of the earthquake. The lower dam was very close to breaching, and approximately 80,000 people were evacuated for four days while the water level in the reservoir was lowered. This was done as a precaution to accommodate further collapse due to a strong aftershock.
1246:
techniques, and was completed in
December 1970. The hospital was staffed by 98 employees and had 606 patients at the time of the earthquake; all three deaths that occurred at the Olive View complex were in this building. Two deaths were due to power failure of life-support systems and one employee
1685:
were presented as gainful events that were recorded during that period, because both produced valuable data that increased knowledge of how moderate events affect buildings. The success of the
Imperial Valley event was especially pronounced because of a recently constructed and fully instrumented
1275:
On the grounds, there were cracks in the pavement and soil, but no surface faulting. In addition to the collapse of the stairways, the elevators were out of commission. Electrical power and communications failed at the hospital at the time of the earthquake, but very few people occupied the lower
1676:
Despite the compelling seismogram from the 1940 event in El Centro, strong-motion seismology was not explicitly sought until later events occurredâthe San Fernando earthquake made evident the need for more data for earthquake engineering applications. The California Strong Motion Instrumentation
1501:
as a result. The westbound I-210 to southbound I-5, which was complete except for paving at the ramp section, collapsed to the north, likely because of vibration that moved the overpass off its supports due to an inadequate seat. Unlike the situation at the Antelope Valley Interchange, permanent
1464:
While the Newhall Pass interchange was still under construction at the time of the earthquake, the requisite components of the overpass were complete. Vibration caused two of the bridge's 191-foot sections to fall from a maximum height of 140 ft (43 m), along with one of the supporting
1292:
The Veterans Administration Hospital entered into service as a tuberculosis hospital in 1926 and became a general hospital in the 1960s. By 1971, the facility comprised 45 individual buildings, all lying within 5 km (3.1 mi) of the fault rupture in Sylmar, but the structural damage was
731:
had previously been mapped and classified by name into its constituent faults, the clusters of fault breaks provided a natural way to identify and refer to each section. As categorized during the intensive studies immediately following the earthquake, they were labeled the Mission Wells segment,
726:
Prominent surface faulting trending N72°W was observed along the San Fernando Fault Zone from a point south of Sylmar, stretching nearly continuously for 6 miles (9.7 km) east to the Little Tujunga Canyon. Additional breaks occurred farther to the east that were in a more scattered fashion,
1557:
pre-Field Act buildings were also in use. All these buildings had been previously inspected with regard to the requirements of the Act, and many were reinforced or rebuilt at that time, but earthquake engineering experts recommended further immediate refurbishment or demolition after a separate
1312:
zones two and three. It had been established that these zones had a higher likelihood of experiencing strong ground acceleration, and the plan was made to furnish the selected VA hospitals with two instruments. One unit would be installed within the structure and the second would be set up as a
1216:
were affected. The one-story Foothill Nursing Home sat very close to a section of the fault that broke the surface and was raised up three feet higher than the street. Scarps ran along the sidewalk and across the property. The building was not in use and remained standing. Though the reinforced
775:
In repeated measurements of the different fault breaks, the results remained consistent, leading to the belief that most of the slip had occurred during the mainshock. While lateral, transverse, and vertical motions were all observed, the largest individual component of movement was 5 ft
1175:
to the east. Loss of life that was directly attributable to the earthquake amounted to 58 (a number of heart attacks and other health-related deaths were not included in this figure). Most deaths occurred at the Veterans and Olive View hospital complexes, and the rest were located at private
776:
3 in (1.60 m) of left lateral slip near the middle of the Sylmar segment. The largest cumulative amount of slip of 6 feet 7 inches (2.01 m) occurred along the Sylmar and Tujunga segments. The overall fault displacement was summarized by geologist
1496:
This interchange is a broad complex of overpasses and bridges that was nearly complete at the time of the earthquake and not all portions were open to traffic. Several instances of failure or collapse at the site took place and two men were killed while driving in a
1272:
the second floor was proposed as a cause of the considerable damage to the lower levels. Because the first floor almost collapsed, the building was leaning to the north by almost two feet, and three of the four concrete stair towers fell away from the main building.
780:
and others as "nearly equal amounts of northâsouth compression, vertical uplift (north side up), and left lateral slip and hence may be described as a thrusting of a northern block to the southwest over a southern block, along a fault surface dipping about 45°
1117:, a value that was twice as large as anything ever seen from an earthquake. The extraordinarily high acceleration was just one part of the picture, considering that duration and frequency of shaking also play a role in how much damage can occur. The
522:
Transportation around the Los Angeles area was severely afflicted with roadway failures and the partial collapse of several major freeway interchanges. All 4,084 square miles of Los Angeles County were declared a disaster area by California Governor
711:
occurred in 1994. Since both occurred in urban and industrial areas and resulted in significant economic impairment, each event drew critical observation from planning authorities, and has been thoroughly studied in the scientific communities.
1434:, but the most significant damage occurred at the two major interchanges. The Antelope Valley Freeway had damage from Newhall Pass to the northeast, primarily from settling and alignment issues, as well as splintering and cracking at the
1375:
that would maintain the reservoir's water level that was reduced 10 feet lower than was typical. Since the collapse of the dam lowered its overall height, the decision to reduce its capacity proved to be a valuable bit of insurance.
1532:
clearly showed the results of the reformed construction styles. The Field Act was put into effect just one month following the destructive March 1933 Long Beach earthquake that damaged many public school buildings in Long Beach,
1413:
Substantial disruption to about 10 miles of freeways in the northern San Fernando Valley took place, with most of the damage occurring at the Foothill Freeway / Golden State Freeway interchange, and along a five-mile stretch of
1638:
rupture, and creating regulatory zones around them called Earthquake Fault Zones. State and local agencies (as well as the property owner) were then responsible for enforcing or complying with the building restrictions.
1634:. Since it is presumed that surface rupture will likely take place where past surface displacement has occurred, the state geologist was given the responsibility for evaluating and mapping faults that had evidence of
1196:
with cracks in the more rigid asphalt and concrete often exceeding the width of the shift in the underlying soil. Accentuated damage near alluvium had been documented during the investigation of the effects of the
699:
requirements and exceeded what engineers had prepared for, and although most dwellings in the valley had been built in the prior two decades, even modern earthquake-resistant structures sustained serious damage.
615:
that was once parallel with the coast was rotated in a clockwise manner, which left it positioned in its eastâwest orientation. The Transverse Ranges form the perimeter of a series of basins that begins with the
489:
and surface faulting was extensive to the south of the epicenter in the mountains, as well as urban settings along city streets and neighborhoods. Uplift and other effects affected private homes and businesses.
2832:
Gaudreau, Ă.; Hollingsworth, J.; Nissen, E.; Funning, G. (2022), "Complex 3-D surface deformation in the 1971 San Fernando, California earthquake reveals static and dynamic controls on off-fault deformation",
1660:
as late as the 1960s. Even at that time, engineers were against the idea of constructing buildings to resist the high forces that were seen in the El Centro shock, but after a 1966 earthquake peaked at 0.5
1647:
Prior to the San Fernando earthquake, some structural engineers had already believed that the existing groundwork for seismic design required enhancement. Although instruments had recorded a force of 0.33
1159:, and Solemint Junction had moderate damage, even to newer buildings. The area where the heaviest effects were present was limited by geographical features on the three remaining margins, with the
1191:
The damage was greatest near and well north of the surface faulting, and at the foot of the mountains. The hospital buildings, the freeway overpasses, and the Sylmar Juvenile Hall were on coarse
1263:
five separate buildings, because the stair towers were detached from the main building by about four inches. Earthquake bracing used in the building's second through fifth floors consisted of
2740:
The San Fernando, California, earthquake of February 9, 1971; a preliminary report published jointly by the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
2358:
The San Fernando, California, earthquake of February 9, 1971; a preliminary report published jointly by the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
2190:
The San Fernando, California, earthquake of February 9, 1971; a preliminary report published jointly by the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
2138:
The San Fernando, California, earthquake of February 9, 1971; a preliminary report published jointly by the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1801:
The San Fernando, California, earthquake of February 9, 1971; a preliminary report published jointly by the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1367:
process, three years after the larger lower dam, which was fabricated using the same style. An inspection of the lower dam in 1964 paved the way towards an arrangement between the
1399:
played a role within confined areas of the slide, but it was not responsible for all the motion at the site, and tectonic slip of faults in the area was also excluded as a cause.
1313:
free-field unit located a short distance away from the facility. As of 1973, a few of the highest risk (26 were completed in zone 3 alone) sites that had been completed were in
1300:
installations were present outside of the western United States prior to the San Fernando earthquake but, upon a recommendation by the Earthquake and Wind Forces Committee, the
1058:. The most frequently encountered type of slide was the surficial (less than 3 feet (0.91 m) thick) debris slides and were most often encountered on terrain consisting of
531:
resulted in the evacuation of tens of thousands of downstream residents, though an earlier decision to maintain the water at a lower level may have contributed to saving the
3793:
1558:
evaluation was done after the February 1971 earthquake, and within a year and a half the district followed through with the direction with regard to about 100 structures.
691:. The fault that was responsible for the movement was not one that had been considered a threat, and this highlighted the urgency to identify other similar faults in the
3484:
2909:
2575:
1528:
A large number of public school buildings in the Los Angeles area displayed mixed responses to the shaking, and those that were built after the enforcement of the
1426:
interchange in the south, where subsidence at the bridge approaches and cracking and buckling of the roadway made it unusable. Several landslides occurred between
1220:
structure was afflicted by the shock and uplift, the relatively good performance was in stark contrast to that of the Olive View and Veterans Hospital complexes.
707:, considering both were brought about by thrust faults in the mountains north of Los Angeles, and each resulting earthquake being similar in magnitude, though no
2913:
628:, Red Mountain, Santa Susana, and Sierra Madre) all lining the north boundary. A small number of damaging events have occurred, with three in Santa Barbara (
1470:
damaged. Shear cracking occurred at the column closest to the western abutment, and the ground at the same column's base exhibited evidence of rotation.
3063:
1523:
1360:
3 feet (0.91 m) and was displaced about 5 feet (1.5 m) as a result of the ground movement, and the dam's concrete lining cracked and slumped.
4301:
4296:
1908:
33:
The San Gabriel Mountains with the Veterans Hospital in center (above) and selected cities with reported felt intensity in the US (see intensity table)
727:
while the western portion of the most affected area had less pronounced scarps, especially the detached Mission Wells segment. Although the complete
4281:
2876:
1305:
1592:
Following many of California's major earthquakes, lawmakers have acted quickly to develop legislation related to seismic safety. After the M6.4
3477:
1395:
at their mouths. The narrow band of ground disturbances were found to have been the result of settling of the soft soil in a downhill motion.
4235:
2949:
1090:
and Los Angeles over six stories in height to be outfitted with three of the instruments. This stipulation ultimately found its way into the
1284:
4261:
1301:
1250:
1151:
that are bounded by the northern edge of the San Fernando Valley at the base of the San Gabriel Mountains. The unincorporated districts of
740:
511:
1847:
1843:
1183:
4306:
2903:
310:
43:
1238:âowned, 880-bed hospital complex had been built before the adoption of new construction techniques that had been put in place after the
3813:
2867:
749:
2918:
2885:
485:). The event was one in a series that affected Los Angeles county in the late 20th century. Damage was locally severe in the northern
3470:
1388:
1372:
1070:
In early 1971, the San Fernando Valley was the scene of a dense network of strong-motion seismometers, which provided a total of 241
1446:
3493:
2743:
2361:
2193:
2141:
1932:
1804:
1138:
28:
3056:
2325:
1623:
1519:
3622:
3203:
1565:(20 mi (32 km) from Pacoima Dam) where the exterior walls of the main pre-Field Act building (constructed 1917) were
620:
on the west end. Moving eastward, there is the Ventura Basin, the San Fernando Valley, and the San Gabriel Basin, with active
2889:
2871:
2033:
1094:
as an appendix several years later. One hundred seventy-five of the recordings came from these buildings, another 30 were on
2061:
1936:
1142:
823:
803:
397:
4154:
3763:
3537:
2544:
991:
963:
935:
911:
887:
863:
843:
1082:
did not provide any strong motion records. Part of the reason there were so many stations to capture the event was a 1965
585:, 300 miles (480 km) to the east. The frontal fault system at the base of the San Gabriel Mountains extends from the
3938:
3542:
3305:
3088:
1603:
1542:
4291:
4174:
3923:
3778:
3293:
3257:
3049:
2670:
2617:
2524:
2450:
2102:
1503:
1229:
1152:
879:
502:
214:
2633:
764:
All segments shared the common elements of thrust faulting with a component of left-lateral slip, a general eastâwest
4286:
3798:
3567:
3072:
2942:
1878:
1760:
1156:
4119:
3933:
3843:
3768:
3678:
3663:
3507:
3414:
3263:
3221:
3130:
3014:
2654:
1682:
228:
1098:, and the remainder were from ground-based installations near faults, including an array of the units across the
4225:
4084:
3963:
3928:
3888:
3683:
3299:
3275:
3172:
3154:
2880:
1884:
1678:
1622:
Introduced as Senate Bill 520 and signed into law in December 1972, this legislation was originally known as the
1418:. On Interstate 5, the most significant damage was between the Newhall Pass interchange on the north end and the
1346:
1243:
582:
577:
are also part of the anomalous eastâwest trending Transverse Ranges. The domain of the ranges stretches from the
4164:
4139:
4049:
3988:
3758:
3728:
3597:
2500:
1435:
1235:
665:
768:, and a northward dip, but they were not unified with regard to their connection to the associated underlying
4230:
4169:
4109:
3803:
3738:
3708:
3698:
3658:
3617:
3512:
3378:
3233:
3124:
3118:
1566:
692:
637:
633:
4276:
3983:
3953:
3868:
3823:
3668:
3602:
3592:
3426:
3112:
2935:
2778:
2718:
2700:
2476:
2424:
2401:
2004:
1765:
1408:
578:
4271:
4240:
4159:
4064:
4008:
3958:
3943:
3918:
3898:
3883:
3853:
3838:
3833:
3818:
3788:
3693:
3637:
3632:
3587:
3552:
3444:
3408:
3396:
3384:
3353:
3317:
3311:
3287:
3227:
3215:
3209:
3178:
3166:
3142:
3100:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2638:. from the 9th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Tokoyo, Japan, August 2â9, 1988. pp. 1â4.
1898:
1755:
1750:
1597:
1423:
1415:
1197:
1482:
Interstate 210 westbound transition to Interstate 5 southbound overpass collapsed onto San Fernando Road
4199:
4129:
4054:
4044:
4013:
4003:
3993:
3978:
3908:
3863:
3748:
3733:
3627:
3607:
3582:
3557:
3532:
3517:
3432:
3390:
3347:
3335:
3329:
3245:
3106:
2684:
2025:
1745:
1739:
1717:
1593:
1515:
1487:
1419:
1322:
1239:
875:
704:
679:
656:
641:
536:
203:
593:
faults, with a conservative vertical displacement estimated at 4,000â5,000 feet (1,200â1,500 m).
469:
460:
284:
275:
4266:
4149:
4124:
4029:
3773:
3753:
3718:
3653:
3438:
3402:
3251:
3005:
2094:
1928:
Seismicity of the United States, 1568â1989 (Revised) â U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1527
1653:
1431:
1087:
947:
356:
2996:
1297:
4189:
4134:
4114:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4059:
3998:
3973:
3903:
3848:
3688:
3527:
3522:
3450:
3359:
3323:
3281:
2975:
1459:
1451:
1384:
1110:
1036:
1007:
855:
835:
792:
566:
498:
478:
416:
366:
589:
in the east to offshore Malibu in the west, and is defined primarily by moderate to shallow north-
4184:
4089:
4039:
3968:
3783:
3703:
3577:
3562:
3547:
3197:
3160:
3094:
1673:
during the San Fernando event, a debate began as to whether that low requirement was sufficient.
1562:
1042:
903:
728:
629:
621:
562:
346:
4215:
4179:
4144:
4079:
4034:
3948:
3913:
3893:
3878:
3873:
3828:
3808:
3743:
3723:
3713:
3612:
3572:
3420:
3341:
3239:
3148:
3136:
2990:
1164:
1160:
1079:
1011:
586:
574:
2658:
2601:
1630:. The act restricts construction of buildings designed for human occupancy across potentially
1478:
233:
4220:
4194:
4074:
4069:
3673:
2899:
1731:
1309:
1217:
1147:
The areas that were affected by the strongest shaking were the outlying communities north of
1091:
1074:. This made the earthquake the most documented event, at the time, in terms of strong-motion
979:
617:
456:
220:
2842:
2804:
2559:
2504:
2394:"Ground displacement at San Fernando Valley Juvenile Hall and the Sylmar Converter Station"
2301:
1538:
683:
604:
570:
528:
507:
382:
2290:"The study of earthquake questions related to Veterans Administration hospital facilities"
1970:
459:
in southern California. The unanticipated thrust earthquake had a magnitude of 6.5 on the
8:
2770:
2710:
2692:
2635:
The California Strong Motion Instrumentation Program: Objectives, Status, and Recent Data
2468:
2416:
2393:
1996:
1587:
1534:
1368:
1095:
955:
927:
815:
494:
486:
370:
2846:
2808:
2563:
2508:
2305:
1797:"Preliminary strong motion results from the San Fernando earthquake of February 9, 1971"
2820:
2317:
1575:
1550:
1318:
1046:
1003:
983:
923:
669:
625:
2711:"Strong motion data from the San Fernando, California, earthquake of February 9, 1971"
2693:"Seismological studies of the San Fernando earthquake and their tectonic implications"
2289:
1545:
had 660 schools consisting of 9,200 buildings at the time of the earthquake, with 110
2824:
2613:
2520:
2354:"Damage to constructed works, associated with soil movements and foundation failures"
2321:
2098:
2029:
1903:
1770:
1703:
1466:
1465:
pillars. The spans slipped off of their supports at either end due to lack of proper
1396:
1304:
entered into an agreement with the Seismological Field Service (then associated with
1201:
1172:
1168:
1099:
675:
558:
554:
1383:)) were responsible for serious damage to the Sylmar Juvenile Hall facility and the
3462:
2850:
2812:
2760:
2755:
2747:
2731:
2567:
2512:
2378:
2373:
2365:
2309:
2210:
2205:
2197:
2158:
2153:
2145:
1821:
1816:
1808:
1775:
1491:
1427:
1337:
1212:
1187:
Partly detached staircase and severely damaged buildings at the Olive View Hospital
1177:
1059:
548:
1626:, and had the goal of reducing damage and losses due to surface fault ruptures or
2736:"Pattern of faulting and nature of fault movement in the San Fernando earthquake"
2688:
2494:
2067:
2019:
1926:
1352:
1247:
was struck by part of the collapsing building while trying to exit the building.
1083:
1055:
1020:
721:
708:
608:
1549:
buildings that had not been reinforced to meet the new standards. More than 400
1204:
at the southern end of the valley was also identified as having been related to
553:
The San Gabriel Mountains are a 37.3 mi (60.0 km) long portion of the
2609:
2349:
1554:
1364:
765:
596:
590:
2854:
2795:
Bouchon, M. (1978). "A dynamic source model for the San Fernando earthquake".
2571:
1656:, building codes only required structures to withstand a lateral force of 0.1
4255:
2735:
2353:
2186:"Seismically triggered landlslides in the area above the San Fernando Valley"
2185:
2133:
2060:
Steinbrugge, K. V.; Schader, E. E.; Bigglestone, H. C.; Weers, C. A. (1971).
1796:
1118:
696:
674:
The San Fernando earthquake occurred on February 9, 1971, at 6:00:41 am
600:
524:
325:
312:
3041:
2545:"History of the Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act, California, USA"
2496:
California Earthquakes: Science, Risk, and the Politics of Hazard Mitigation
2442:
2816:
2727:
2313:
1631:
1498:
1392:
777:
2927:
1176:
residences, the highway overpass collapses, and a ceiling collapse at the
535:
from being overtopped. Schools were affected, as they had been during the
2516:
1670:
1627:
1148:
1106:
899:
732:
Sylmar segment, Tujunga segment, Foothills area, and the Veterans fault.
688:
599:
evidence has shown that the western Transverse Ranges were formed as the
515:
421:
758:
Ground level and overhead view of the scarp at the Foothill Nursing Home
561:, on the south by the Cucamonga Fault, and on the southwest side by the
2447:
Engineering features of the San Fernando earthquake of February 9, 1971
2285:
1617:
1357:
1268:
1264:
1075:
1071:
645:
501:, and other densely populated areas north of central Los Angeles. The
455:) occurred in the early morning of February 9 in the foothills of the
1529:
1205:
975:
951:
1635:
1259:
1254:
Fallen stair towers and damaged basement at the Olive View Hospital
1192:
1126:
1051:
2831:
2751:
2369:
2201:
2149:
2059:
1812:
2674:
2606:
International Handbook of Earthquake & Engineering Seismology
1574:
site. Except for the concrete gymnasium, all of the buildings at
1570:
1546:
1314:
1122:
769:
612:
2414:
1326:
1607:
The Veterans Memorial Community Regional Park in December 2017
1596:, the Field Act was passed the following month, and after the
1742:, a magnitude 6.7 quake which affected many of the same areas
1686:
government building that was shaken to the point of failure.
2131:
2091:
Earthquakes: 2006 Centennial Update â The 1906 Big One
1288:
Collapse of four buildings at the Veterans Hospital complex
1442:
Golden State Freeway â Antelope Valley Freeway Interchange
2769:
Steinbrugge, K. V.; Schader, E. E.; Moran, D. F. (1975),
2066:. Pacific Fire Rating Bureau. p. vii. Archived from
1379:
Differential ground motion and strong shaking (MMI VIII (
703:
Several key attributes of the event were shared with the
532:
493:
The event affected a number of health-care facilities in
2895:
2775:
San Fernando, California, earthquake of 9 February 1971
2768:
2715:
San Fernando, California, earthquake of 9 February 1971
2697:
San Fernando, California, earthquake of 9 February 1971
2659:"San Fernando 1971: M 6.6 â 10km SSW of Agua Dulce, CA"
2473:
San Fernando, California, earthquake of 9 February 1971
2421:
San Fernando, California, earthquake of 9 February 1971
2398:
San Fernando, California, earthquake of 9 February 1971
2284:
2269:
2250:
2238:
2047:
2001:
San Fernando, California, earthquake of 9 February 1971
1387:(both located close to the Upper Van Norman lake). The
1200:. A band of similarly intense damage further away near
2726:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2171:
2119:
660:
CISN ShakeMap of the San Fernando earthquake mainshock
3029:
indicates earthquake resulting in at least 30 deaths
2914:
Los Angeles County Department of Parks and Recreation
3492:
2288:; Johnston, R. G.; Lefter, J.; Sozen, M. A. (1975),
1693:
648:
slip rates have not produced any large earthquakes.
176:
2256:
1524:
List of Los Angeles Unified School District schools
1474:
Golden State Freeway â Foothill Freeway Interchange
1279:
1258:The Medical Treatment and Care Building included a
644:), though other faults in the basin that have high
2683:
2631:
2653:
2632:Shakal, A. F.; Huang, M.; Ventura, C. E. (1988).
1859:
4253:
2797:Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
2294:Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
1643:California Strong Motion Instrumentation Program
1308:) to install the instruments at all VA sites in
1041:The USGS commissioned a private company and the
2877:Historic Earthquakes â San Fernando, California
2730:; Silver, L. T.; Abrams, M. J.; Carter, B. A.;
2417:"Highway damage in the San Fernando earthquake"
2344:
2342:
1997:"Tectonic setting of the San Gabriel mountains"
1363:The upper dam was constructed in 1921 with the
640:) and two in the San Fernando Valley (1971 and
3034:indicates the deadliest earthquake of the year
3478:
3071:
3057:
2943:
2391:
2115:
2113:
1924:
1086:that required newly constructed buildings in
1054:, soil falls, debris slides, avalanches, and
506:not outfitted with instruments for recording
2771:"Building damage in the San Fernando Valley"
2742:, Geological Survey Professional Paper 733,
2488:
2486:
2440:
2360:, Geological Survey Professional Paper 733,
2339:
2192:, Geological Survey Professional Paper 733,
2140:, Geological Survey Professional Paper 733,
1803:, Geological Survey Professional Paper 733,
2957:
2708:
2436:
2434:
2226:
1994:
1956:
1899:"'71 Valley Quake a Brush With Catastrophe"
1872:
1870:
1868:
1835:
1833:
1831:
3485:
3471:
3064:
3050:
2950:
2936:
2886:California Geological Survey â About CSMIP
2552:Environmental & Engineering Geoscience
2110:
1794:
1788:
1450:Aerial view of the damage suffered by the
27:
4302:Geology of Los Angeles County, California
4297:February 1971 events in the United States
2910:Veterans Memorial Community Regional Park
2759:
2538:
2536:
2492:
2483:
2462:
2460:
2443:"Earthquake damage to freeway structures"
2377:
2348:
2209:
2157:
2063:San Fernando Earthquake: February 9, 1971
1820:
1389:Los Angeles Department of Water and Power
1373:Los Angeles Department of Water and Power
1105:The instrument that was installed at the
470:
461:
285:
276:
2779:California Division of Mines and Geology
2744:United States Government Printing Office
2719:California Division of Mines and Geology
2701:California Division of Mines and Geology
2602:"Challenges in observational seismology"
2477:California Division of Mines and Geology
2469:"Performance of public school buildings"
2431:
2425:California Division of Mines and Geology
2415:California Division of Highways (1975),
2402:California Division of Mines and Geology
2362:United States Government Printing Office
2222:
2220:
2194:United States Government Printing Office
2142:United States Government Printing Office
2125:
2005:California Division of Mines and Geology
1933:United States Government Printing Office
1920:
1918:
1865:
1828:
1805:United States Government Printing Office
1624:Alquist-Priolo Geologic Hazard Zones Act
1602:
1477:
1445:
1336:
1283:
1249:
1182:
1139:Convento Building (Mission San Fernando)
1121:was mounted on a concrete platform on a
1021:U.S. Earthquake Intensity Database, NGDC
655:
4282:1970s in Los Angeles County, California
2794:
2608:, Part A, Volume 81A (First ed.),
2328:from the original on September 23, 2015
2280:
2278:
2165:
1890:
1612:Alquist-Priolo Special Studies Zone Act
1520:John Marshall High School (Los Angeles)
687:of the San Gabriel Mountains above the
611:shifted to the north, a portion of the
519:Strong Motion Instrumentation Program.
4254:
2542:
2533:
2466:
2457:
2392:Smith, J. L.; Fallgren, R. B. (1975),
2183:
1968:
1925:Stover, C. W.; Coffman, J. L. (1993),
1911:from the original on October 15, 2012.
1223:
3466:
3045:
2931:
2890:California Department of Conservation
2872:Southern California Earthquake Center
2581:from the original on October 16, 2014
2441:Jennings, P. C.; Wood, J. H. (1971),
2270:Steinbrugge, Schader & Moran 1975
2251:Steinbrugge, Schader & Moran 1975
2239:Steinbrugge, Schader & Moran 1975
2217:
2132:U.S. Geological Survey Staff (1971),
2048:Steinbrugge, Schader & Moran 1975
2017:
1915:
1896:
557:and are bordered on the north by the
120:
2709:Cloud, W. K.; Hudson, D. E. (1975),
2275:
2088:
1995:Morton, D. M.; Baird, A. K. (1975),
1876:
78:
4262:1971 disasters in the United States
2669:
2599:
1962:
1939:from the original on April 13, 2019
1897:Reich, Kenneth (February 4, 1996).
1839:
1795:Maley, R. P.; Cloud, W. K. (1971),
1543:Los Angeles Unified School District
715:
542:
185:
13:
4307:History of the San Fernando Valley
2896:International Seismological Centre
2788:
2671:International Seismological Centre
2451:California Institute of Technology
1504:California Institute of Technology
1341:Damage to the Lower Van Norman Dam
1143:Mission San Fernando Rey de EspaĂąa
148:
14:
4318:
2861:
1761:List of earthquakes in California
1683:1987 Whittier Narrows earthquakes
1402:
1332:
1244:earthquake-resistant construction
162:
106:
92:
3494:Earthquakes in the United States
2921:Disasters-Anatomy of Destruction
1724:
1710:
1696:
1280:Veterans Administration Hospital
1065:
787:Main shock Mercalli intensities
748:
739:
603:moved northward relative to the
527:. The near total failure of the
184:
175:
161:
147:
133:
119:
105:
91:
77:
63:
49:
42:
2881:United States Geological Survey
2625:
2593:
2408:
2385:
2244:
2232:
2177:
2082:
2053:
2041:
2011:
1885:United States Geological Survey
1347:Bull Creek (Los Angeles County)
583:Little San Bernardino Mountains
390:
134:
2923:(1987) on the Internet Archive
2501:Johns Hopkins University Press
1988:
1950:
1853:
1850:] (retrieved 2018-05-05).
1230:Olive ViewâUCLA Medical Center
666:California earthquake forecast
64:
50:
1:
1781:
1234:Most of the buildings at the
1030:
693:Los Angeles metropolitan area
651:
2479:, pp. 355, 356, 359â364
1969:Craven, Jasper (June 2024).
1880:PAGER-CAT Earthquake Catalog
1766:Long Beach Search and Rescue
1581:
1409:Southern California freeways
1171:to the south, and along the
1125:ridge just above one of the
1111:peak horizontal acceleration
449:1971 San Fernando earthquake
22:1971 San Fernando earthquake
7:
2679:. Thatcham, United Kingdom.
1756:List of earthquakes in 1971
1751:Interstate 105 (California)
1689:
1598:1989 Loma Prieta earthquake
1198:1969 Santa Rosa earthquakes
10:
4323:
2734:; Minister, J. B. (1971),
2691:; Whitcomb, J. H. (1975),
2503:. pp. 166, 170, 171.
2026:Cambridge University Press
2021:Active Faults of the World
1877:USGS (September 4, 2009),
1746:California State Route 126
1740:1994 Northridge earthquake
1718:Greater Los Angeles portal
1615:
1594:1933 Long Beach earthquake
1585:
1567:unreinforced brick masonry
1516:Bishop Alemany High School
1513:
1509:
1488:Interstate 5 in California
1485:
1457:
1406:
1344:
1240:1933 Long Beach earthquake
1227:
1136:
1034:
719:
705:1994 Northridge earthquake
663:
546:
537:1933 Long Beach earthquake
299:8.4 km (5.2 mi)
243:February 9, 1971
4292:Earthquakes in California
4208:
4155:2018 Southern Appalachian
4022:
3646:
3500:
3369:
3188:
3079:
3073:Earthquakes in California
3024:
2971:
2855:10.1002/essoar.10511699.1
2572:10.2113/gseegeosci.16.1.7
2095:W. H. Freeman and Company
1654:1940 El Centro earthquake
1432:California State Route 14
1351:Both the Upper and Lower
1298:strong motion seismometer
1180:in downtown Los Angeles.
1132:
1017:
786:
503:Olive View Medical Center
435:
427:
410:
389:
378:
362:
352:
342:
303:
295:
270:
262:
254:
239:
226:
213:
202:
38:
26:
4287:Disasters in Los Angeles
3543:1812 San Juan Capistrano
3089:1812 San Juan Capistrano
2835:Ess Open Archive ePrints
2665:, U.S. Geological Survey
2300:(4): 937, 938, 943â945,
2229:, pp. 273, 277, 287
1665:, and a maximum of 1.25
1460:Newhall Pass interchange
1452:Newhall Pass interchange
1385:Sylmar Converter Station
1037:Landslide classification
695:. The shaking surpassed
367:Greater Los Angeles Area
16:Earthquake in California
4175:2020 Monte Cristo Range
3924:1986 North Palm Springs
3779:1948 Desert Hot Springs
3306:1987 Superstition Hills
3294:1986 North Palm Springs
3258:1948 Desert Hot Springs
2868:San Fernando Earthquake
2761:2027/uc1.31210020751366
2404:, pp. 157â158, 163
2379:2027/uc1.31210020751366
2352:; Olsen, H. W. (1971),
2227:Cloud & Hudson 1975
2211:2027/uc1.31210020751366
2159:2027/uc1.31210020751366
1957:Cloud & Hudson 1975
1860:ANSS: San Fernando 1971
1822:2027/uc1.31210020751366
1569:, long portions of the
1563:Los Angeles High School
1302:Veterans Administration
1043:United States Air Force
729:Sierra Madre Fault Zone
512:Veterans Administration
347:Sierra Madre Fault Zone
4226:2010â11 Guy-Greenbrier
3799:1957 Andreanof Islands
3623:1892 VacavilleâWinters
3568:1867 Manhattan, Kansas
3204:1892 VacavilleâWinters
2817:10.1785/BSSA0680061555
2600:Lee, W. H. K. (2002),
2543:Bryant, W. A. (2010).
2493:Geschwind, C. (2001).
2467:Meehan, J. F. (1975),
2314:10.1785/BSSA0650040937
2184:Morton, D. M. (1971),
1862:(accessed 2018-05-05).
1608:
1483:
1455:
1438:and Solemint bridges.
1342:
1289:
1255:
1188:
1165:Santa Monica Mountains
1161:Santa Susana Mountains
1080:1964 Alaska earthquake
661:
587:San Jacinto Fault Zone
575:Santa Monica Mountains
453:1971 Sylmar earthquake
4236:2009âpresent Oklahoma
4125:2014 Southeast Alaska
4120:2014 Aleutian Islands
3934:1987 Whittier Narrows
3844:1968 Borrego Mountain
3794:1954 Churchill County
3769:1946 Aleutian Islands
3764:1944 CornwallâMassena
3664:1906 Aleutian Islands
3508:1585 Aleutian Islands
3415:1987 Whittier Narrows
3264:1968 Borrego Mountain
3017:(8.0/8.1, July 14/26)
2663:Comprehensive Catalog
1883:, Version 2008_06.1,
1732:Earth sciences portal
1606:
1481:
1449:
1340:
1310:Uniform Building Code
1287:
1253:
1211:Federal, county, and
1186:
1092:Uniform Building Code
1078:; by comparison, the
720:Further information:
676:Pacific Standard Time
659:
618:Santa Barbara Channel
477:scale, and a maximum
468:scale and 6.6 on the
457:San Gabriel Mountains
4085:2010 Baja California
3939:1987 Imperial Valley
3929:1986 Chalfant Valley
3889:1979 Imperial Valley
3684:1915 Pleasant Valley
3679:1915 Imperial Valley
3300:1986 Chalfant Valley
3276:1979 Imperial Valley
3222:1915 Imperial Valley
3173:2010 Baja California
3131:1915 Baja California
2517:10.1029/2002EO000029
2364:, pp. 126â129,
2097:, pp. 106â107,
2028:, pp. 111â114,
1679:1979 Imperial Valley
1669:was observed at the
1267:, but a rarely used
1096:hydraulic structures
684:strong ground motion
605:North American Plate
529:Lower Van Norman Dam
510:; this prompted the
508:strong ground motion
4277:1971 in Los Angeles
4165:2020 Salt Lake City
4110:2013 Port Alexander
4050:2006 Gulf of Mexico
3964:1992 Cape Mendocino
3729:1932 Cedar Mountain
3598:1872 North Cascades
3155:1992 Cape Mendocino
2962:Earthquakes in 1971
2847:2022esoar.10511699G
2809:1978BuSSA..68.1555B
2564:2010EEGeo..16....7B
2509:2002EOSTr..83...39S
2306:1975BuSSA..65..937B
1959:, pp. 278, 287
1588:List of fault zones
1551:portable classrooms
1369:State of California
1224:Olive View Hospital
487:San Fernando Valley
451:(also known as the
371:Southern California
322: /
209:1971-02-09 14:00:41
23:
4272:1971 in California
4170:2020 Central Idaho
3989:1993 Klamath Falls
3804:1957 San Francisco
3759:1940 New Hampshire
3739:1934 Hansel Valley
3709:1925 Santa Barbara
3699:1921 Sevier Valley
3659:1906 San Francisco
3618:1892 Laguna Salada
3548:1812 Santa Barbara
3538:1811â12 New Madrid
3513:1638 New Hampshire
3379:1957 San Francisco
3234:1925 Santa Barbara
3125:1906 San Francisco
3119:1892 Laguna Salada
2904:authoritative data
2781:, pp. 323â353
2746:, pp. 41â54,
2721:, pp. 273â303
2703:, pp. 257â262
2453:, pp. 366â385
2272:, pp. 341â346
2253:, pp. 350â353
2241:, pp. 323â325
2134:"Surface Faulting"
2093:(Fifth ed.),
2070:on January 2, 2014
2018:Yeats, R. (2012),
1609:
1576:Sylmar High School
1484:
1456:
1343:
1290:
1256:
1236:Los Angeles County
1189:
1047:aerial photographs
670:Earthquake rupture
662:
563:Sierra Madre Fault
479:Mercalli intensity
441:200â2,000 injured
21:
4249:
4248:
3984:1993 Scotts Mills
3954:1991 Sierra Madre
3869:1975 Near Islands
3859:1971 San Fernando
3824:1962 Cache Valley
3669:1909 Wabash River
3603:1882 Fort Collins
3593:1872 Owens Valley
3460:
3459:
3427:1991 Sierra Madre
3270:1971 San Fernando
3113:1872 Owens Valley
3039:
3038:
2984:(6.5â6.7, Feb 9)
2089:Bolt, B. (2005),
2035:978-0-521-19085-5
1904:Los Angeles Times
1771:San Gabriel Fault
1704:California portal
1436:Santa Clara River
1397:Soil liquefaction
1213:private hospitals
1202:Ventura Boulevard
1173:Verdugo Mountains
1169:Los Angeles River
1163:on the west, the
1100:San Andreas Fault
1028:
1027:
1024:
559:San Andreas Fault
555:Transverse Ranges
514:to later install
445:
444:
411:Peak acceleration
4314:
4267:1971 earthquakes
4065:2008 Chino Hills
4009:1999 Hector Mine
3959:1992 Joshua Tree
3944:1989 Loma Prieta
3919:1984 Morgan Hill
3899:1981 Westmorland
3884:1979 Coyote Lake
3839:1965 Puget Sound
3834:1965 Rat Islands
3819:1959 Hebgen Lake
3789:1952 Kern County
3694:1918 San Jacinto
3638:1899 San Jacinto
3633:1898 Mare Island
3553:1838 San Andreas
3487:
3480:
3473:
3464:
3463:
3445:2008 Chino Hills
3409:1981 Westmorland
3397:1979 Coyote Lake
3318:1992 Joshua Tree
3312:1989 Loma Prieta
3288:1984 Morgan Hill
3228:1918 San Jacinto
3216:1899 San Jacinto
3210:1898 Mare Island
3167:1999 Hector Mine
3143:1952 Kern County
3101:1838 San Andreas
3066:
3059:
3052:
3043:
3042:
2952:
2945:
2938:
2929:
2928:
2857:
2828:
2803:(6): 1555â1576.
2782:
2777:, Bulletin 196,
2764:
2763:
2722:
2717:, Bulletin 196,
2704:
2699:, Bulletin 196,
2680:
2676:ISC-EHB Bulletin
2666:
2640:
2639:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2580:
2549:
2540:
2531:
2530:
2499:. Vol. 83.
2490:
2481:
2480:
2475:, Bulletin 196,
2464:
2455:
2454:
2438:
2429:
2428:
2423:, Bulletin 196,
2412:
2406:
2405:
2400:, Bulletin 196,
2389:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2346:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2282:
2273:
2267:
2254:
2248:
2242:
2236:
2230:
2224:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2181:
2175:
2172:Kamb et al. 1971
2169:
2163:
2162:
2161:
2129:
2123:
2122:, pp. 41â43
2120:Kamb et al. 1971
2117:
2108:
2107:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2003:, Bulletin 196,
1992:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1922:
1913:
1912:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1874:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1837:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1792:
1776:Wadsworth Chapel
1734:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1720:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1706:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1492:Foothill Freeway
1428:Balboa Boulevard
1178:Midnight Mission
1060:sedimentary rock
1023:
1018:
1000:
998:
972:
970:
944:
942:
920:
918:
896:
894:
872:
870:
852:
850:
832:
830:
812:
810:
784:
783:
752:
743:
716:Surface faulting
581:offshore to the
549:Thrust tectonics
543:Tectonic setting
475:
466:
406:
404:
392:
385:505â553 million
338:
337:
336:
334:
333:
332:
327:
326:34.27°N 118.41°W
323:
320:
319:
318:
315:
290:
281:
250:
248:
188:
187:
179:
178:
165:
164:
151:
150:
137:
136:
123:
122:
109:
108:
95:
94:
81:
80:
67:
66:
53:
52:
46:
31:
24:
20:
4322:
4321:
4317:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4312:
4311:
4252:
4251:
4250:
4245:
4241:2019 Ridgecrest
4204:
4200:2024 New Jersey
4160:2019 Ridgecrest
4130:2014 South Napa
4055:2006 Kiholo Bay
4045:2003 San Simeon
4018:
4014:2000 Yountville
4004:1998 Pymatuning
3994:1994 Northridge
3979:1992 St. George
3909:1983 Borah Peak
3864:1973 Point Mugu
3854:1969 Santa Rosa
3814:1958 Lituya Bay
3749:1936 State Line
3734:1933 Long Beach
3642:
3628:1895 Charleston
3608:1886 Charleston
3583:1870 Charlevoix
3558:1857 Fort Tejon
3533:1783 New Jersey
3518:1663 Charlevoix
3496:
3491:
3461:
3456:
3433:2000 Yountville
3391:1973 Point Mugu
3385:1969 Santa Rosa
3371:
3365:
3354:2019 Ridgecrest
3348:2014 South Napa
3336:2003 San Simeon
3330:1994 Northridge
3246:1933 Long Beach
3224:(6.3 & 6.3)
3190:
3184:
3179:2019 Ridgecrest
3107:1857 Fort Tejon
3081:
3075:
3070:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3020:
3015:Solomon Islands
3008:(7.8, July 09)
2967:
2956:
2906:for this event.
2864:
2791:
2789:Further reading
2786:
2644:
2643:
2630:
2626:
2620:
2612:, p. 273,
2598:
2594:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2547:
2541:
2534:
2527:
2491:
2484:
2465:
2458:
2439:
2432:
2413:
2409:
2390:
2386:
2347:
2340:
2331:
2329:
2283:
2276:
2268:
2257:
2249:
2245:
2237:
2233:
2225:
2218:
2182:
2178:
2170:
2166:
2130:
2126:
2118:
2111:
2105:
2087:
2083:
2073:
2071:
2058:
2054:
2046:
2042:
2036:
2016:
2012:
2007:, pp. 3, 5
1993:
1989:
1979:
1977:
1967:
1963:
1955:
1951:
1942:
1940:
1923:
1916:
1895:
1891:
1875:
1866:
1858:
1854:
1838:
1829:
1807:, p. 163,
1793:
1789:
1784:
1730:
1725:
1723:
1716:
1711:
1709:
1702:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1620:
1590:
1584:
1526:
1512:
1494:
1486:Main articles:
1462:
1411:
1405:
1353:Van Norman Dams
1349:
1335:
1282:
1232:
1226:
1145:
1135:
1068:
1039:
1033:
1019:
992:
990:
964:
962:
936:
934:
912:
910:
888:
886:
864:
862:
844:
842:
824:
822:
804:
802:
762:
761:
760:
759:
755:
754:
753:
745:
744:
724:
722:Fault (geology)
718:
709:surface rupture
672:
654:
579:Channel Islands
551:
545:
474:
465:
440:
398:
396:
373:
369:
330:
328:
324:
321:
316:
313:
311:
309:
308:
307:
289:
280:
255:Local time
246:
244:
240:Local date
198:
197:
196:
195:
194:
193:
189:
181:
180:
172:
171:
170:
166:
158:
157:
156:
152:
144:
143:
142:
138:
130:
129:
128:
124:
116:
115:
114:
110:
102:
101:
100:
96:
88:
87:
86:
82:
74:
73:
72:
68:
60:
59:
58:
54:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4320:
4310:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4212:
4210:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4150:2018 Anchorage
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4030:2001 Nisqually
4026:
4024:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3774:1947 Wisconsin
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3754:1940 El Centro
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3719:1931 Valentine
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3654:1901 Richfield
3650:
3648:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3497:
3490:
3489:
3482:
3475:
3467:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3454:
3448:
3442:
3439:2007 Alum Rock
3436:
3430:
3424:
3418:
3412:
3406:
3403:1980 Livermore
3400:
3394:
3388:
3382:
3375:
3373:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3357:
3351:
3345:
3339:
3333:
3327:
3321:
3315:
3309:
3303:
3297:
3291:
3285:
3279:
3273:
3267:
3261:
3255:
3252:1940 El Centro
3249:
3243:
3237:
3231:
3225:
3219:
3213:
3207:
3201:
3194:
3192:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3176:
3170:
3164:
3158:
3152:
3146:
3140:
3134:
3128:
3122:
3116:
3110:
3104:
3098:
3092:
3085:
3083:
3077:
3076:
3069:
3068:
3061:
3054:
3046:
3037:
3036:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3012:
3003:
2994:
2988:
2979:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2955:
2954:
2947:
2940:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2916:
2907:
2892:
2883:
2874:
2863:
2862:External links
2860:
2859:
2858:
2829:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2766:
2724:
2706:
2681:
2667:
2650:
2642:
2641:
2624:
2619:978-0124406520
2618:
2610:Academic Press
2592:
2532:
2526:978-0801865961
2525:
2482:
2456:
2430:
2407:
2384:
2338:
2274:
2255:
2243:
2231:
2216:
2196:, p. 99,
2176:
2164:
2144:, p. 57,
2124:
2109:
2104:978-0716775485
2103:
2081:
2052:
2050:, pp. 323
2040:
2034:
2010:
1987:
1971:"The Land War"
1961:
1949:
1935:, p. 92,
1914:
1889:
1864:
1852:
1827:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1736:
1735:
1721:
1707:
1691:
1688:
1583:
1580:
1511:
1508:
1476:
1475:
1458:Main article:
1444:
1443:
1416:Interstate 210
1404:
1403:Transportation
1401:
1365:hydraulic fill
1334:
1333:Van Norman Dam
1331:
1281:
1278:
1228:Main article:
1225:
1222:
1218:concrete block
1134:
1131:
1067:
1064:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1015:
1014:
1001:
987:
986:
973:
959:
958:
945:
931:
930:
921:
907:
906:
897:
883:
882:
873:
859:
858:
853:
839:
838:
833:
819:
818:
813:
799:
798:
795:
789:
788:
757:
756:
747:
746:
738:
737:
736:
735:
734:
717:
714:
653:
650:
622:reverse faults
567:San Bernardino
544:
541:
472:
463:
443:
442:
437:
433:
432:
429:
425:
424:
412:
408:
407:
394:
387:
386:
380:
376:
375:
364:
363:Areas affected
360:
359:
357:Oblique-thrust
354:
350:
349:
344:
340:
339:
331:34.27; -118.41
305:
301:
300:
297:
293:
292:
287:
278:
272:
268:
267:
264:
260:
259:
256:
252:
251:
241:
237:
236:
231:
224:
223:
218:
211:
210:
207:
200:
199:
191:
190:
183:
182:
174:
173:
168:
167:
160:
159:
154:
153:
146:
145:
140:
139:
132:
131:
126:
125:
118:
117:
112:
111:
104:
103:
98:
97:
90:
89:
84:
83:
76:
75:
70:
69:
62:
61:
56:
55:
48:
47:
41:
40:
39:
36:
35:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4319:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4207:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4190:2022 Ferndale
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4135:2016 Oklahoma
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4115:2014 La Habra
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4105:2011 Oklahoma
4103:
4101:
4100:2011 Virginia
4098:
4096:
4095:2011 Colorado
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4060:2008 Illinois
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4021:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3999:1995 Marathon
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3974:1992 Big Bear
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3904:1983 Coalinga
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3849:1968 Illinois
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3689:1916 Irondale
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3645:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3528:1755 Cape Ann
3526:
3524:
3523:1700 Cascadia
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3488:
3483:
3481:
3476:
3474:
3469:
3468:
3465:
3452:
3451:2014 La Habra
3449:
3446:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3368:
3361:
3360:2022 Ferndale
3358:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3337:
3334:
3331:
3328:
3325:
3324:1992 Big Bear
3322:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3307:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3282:1983 Coalinga
3280:
3277:
3274:
3271:
3268:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3232:
3229:
3226:
3223:
3220:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3187:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3156:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3078:
3074:
3067:
3062:
3060:
3055:
3053:
3048:
3047:
3044:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:(6.9, May 22)
2998:
2995:
2993:(5.5, May 10)
2992:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2970:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2953:
2948:
2946:
2941:
2939:
2934:
2933:
2930:
2924:
2922:
2917:
2915:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2793:
2792:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2753:
2752:10.3133/pp733
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2732:Jordan, T. H.
2729:
2725:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2677:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2637:
2636:
2628:
2621:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2596:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2546:
2539:
2537:
2528:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2497:
2489:
2487:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2463:
2461:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2437:
2435:
2427:, p. 369
2426:
2422:
2418:
2411:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2388:
2380:
2375:
2371:
2370:10.3133/pp733
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2345:
2343:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2281:
2279:
2271:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2252:
2247:
2240:
2235:
2228:
2223:
2221:
2212:
2207:
2203:
2202:10.3133/pp733
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2180:
2173:
2168:
2160:
2155:
2151:
2150:10.3133/pp733
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2128:
2121:
2116:
2114:
2106:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2085:
2069:
2065:
2064:
2056:
2049:
2044:
2037:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2022:
2014:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1991:
1976:
1972:
1965:
1958:
1953:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1929:
1921:
1919:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1893:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1861:
1856:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1813:10.3133/pp733
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1791:
1787:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1722:
1719:
1708:
1705:
1694:
1687:
1684:
1680:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1632:active faults
1629:
1625:
1619:
1614:
1613:
1605:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1589:
1579:
1577:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1531:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1507:
1505:
1500:
1493:
1489:
1480:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1461:
1453:
1448:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1410:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1393:alluvial fans
1390:
1386:
1382:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1359:
1354:
1348:
1339:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1286:
1277:
1273:
1270:
1266:
1261:
1252:
1248:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1231:
1221:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1185:
1181:
1179:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1144:
1140:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1119:accelerometer
1116:
1113:of 1.25
1112:
1108:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1088:Beverly Hills
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1066:Strong motion
1063:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1044:
1038:
1022:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
989:
988:
985:
981:
977:
974:
971:
968:
961:
960:
957:
953:
949:
948:Santa Barbara
946:
943:
940:
933:
932:
929:
925:
922:
919:
916:
909:
908:
905:
901:
898:
895:
892:
885:
884:
881:
877:
876:Granada Hills
874:
871:
868:
861:
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
841:
840:
837:
834:
831:
828:
821:
820:
817:
814:
811:
808:
801:
800:
796:
794:
791:
790:
785:
782:
779:
773:
771:
767:
751:
742:
733:
730:
723:
713:
710:
706:
701:
698:
697:building code
694:
690:
685:
681:
677:
671:
667:
658:
649:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
614:
610:
606:
602:
601:Pacific Plate
598:
597:Paleomagnetic
594:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
550:
540:
538:
534:
530:
526:
525:Ronald Reagan
520:
517:
513:
509:
504:
500:
496:
491:
488:
484:
480:
476:
467:
458:
454:
450:
438:
434:
430:
426:
423:
419:
418:
413:
409:
405:
402:
395:
388:
384:
381:
377:
374:United States
372:
368:
365:
361:
358:
355:
351:
348:
345:
341:
335:
306:
302:
298:
294:
291:
282:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
242:
238:
235:
232:
230:
225:
222:
219:
216:
212:
208:
205:
201:
127:Santa Barbara
45:
37:
30:
25:
19:
4231:2012 Brawley
4185:2021 Chignik
4090:2010 Indiana
4040:2003 Alabama
4023:21st century
3969:1992 Landers
3858:
3784:1949 Olympia
3704:1925 Montana
3647:20th century
3578:1868 Hayward
3563:1865 Memphis
3269:
3198:1868 Hayward
3161:1992 Landers
3095:1812 Ventura
3031:
3026:
3009:
3000:
2985:
2982:San Fernando
2981:
2978:(4.6, Feb 6)
2920:
2900:bibliography
2838:
2834:
2800:
2796:
2774:
2739:
2714:
2696:
2689:Hanks, T. C.
2675:
2662:
2646:
2645:
2634:
2627:
2605:
2595:
2583:. Retrieved
2555:
2551:
2495:
2472:
2446:
2420:
2410:
2397:
2387:
2357:
2330:, retrieved
2297:
2293:
2246:
2234:
2189:
2179:
2174:, p. 44
2167:
2137:
2127:
2090:
2084:
2072:. Retrieved
2068:the original
2062:
2055:
2043:
2020:
2013:
2000:
1990:
1978:. Retrieved
1974:
1964:
1952:
1941:, retrieved
1927:
1902:
1892:
1879:
1855:
1800:
1790:
1675:
1666:
1662:
1657:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1641:
1621:
1611:
1610:
1591:
1560:
1527:
1499:pickup truck
1495:
1463:
1412:
1380:
1378:
1362:
1350:
1295:
1291:
1274:
1257:
1233:
1210:
1190:
1146:
1114:
1104:
1069:
1040:
1008:Moss Landing
994:
966:
938:
914:
890:
866:
856:Kagel Canyon
846:
836:San Fernando
826:
806:
778:Barclay Kamb
774:
763:
725:
702:
673:
626:San Cayetano
595:
552:
521:
516:seismometers
499:San Fernando
492:
482:
452:
448:
446:
415:
400:
379:Total damage
258:06:00:41 PST
85:Moss Landing
18:
4180:2020 Sparta
4145:2018 Hawaii
4140:2018 Alaska
4080:2010 Eureka
4035:2002 Denali
3949:1990 Upland
3914:1983 Kaoiki
3894:1980 Eureka
3879:1975 Hawaii
3874:1975 Morris
3829:1964 Alaska
3809:1958 Huslia
3744:1935 Helena
3724:1932 Eureka
3714:1927 Lompoc
3613:1887 Sonora
3588:1871 LÄnaĘťi
3573:1868 Hawaii
3421:1990 Upland
3342:2010 Eureka
3240:1932 Eureka
3149:1980 Eureka
3137:1927 Lompoc
2585:October 10,
2558:(1): 7â10.
2350:Youd, T. L.
1671:Pacoima Dam
1652:during the
1628:fault creep
1265:shear walls
1149:Los Angeles
1109:recorded a
1107:Pacoima Dam
1072:seismograms
900:Los Angeles
891:Very strong
689:fault block
439:58â65 dead
422:Pacoima Dam
329: /
266:12 seconds
217: event
192:Los Angeles
4256:Categories
4216:2001 Enola
4195:2023 Texas
4075:2008 Wells
3501:Historical
3387:(5.6, 5.7)
3308:(6.2, 6.6)
3206:(6.4, 6.2)
3080:Very Large
1782:References
1618:Al Alquist
1616:See also:
1586:See also:
1555:wood frame
1514:See also:
1407:See also:
1345:See also:
1323:Charleston
1269:slip joint
1137:See also:
1076:seismology
1052:rock falls
1035:See also:
1031:Landslides
1012:Palo Verde
904:Northridge
865:MMI VIII (
797:Locations
678:(14:00:41
664:See also:
652:Earthquake
646:Quaternary
571:Santa Ynez
547:See also:
436:Casualties
428:Landslides
247:1971-02-09
206: time
155:Palo Verde
4221:2008 Reno
4070:2008 Reno
3674:1914 Reno
3372:(5.0â5.9)
3272:(6.5â6.7)
3212:(5.8â6.4)
3200:(6.3â6.7)
3191:(6.0â6.9)
3121:(7.1â7.2)
3115:(7.4â7.9)
3103:(6.8â7.2)
3097:(7.1â7.5)
3091:(6.9â7.5)
3082:(7.0â7.9)
3006:Aconcagua
2841:, Wiley,
2825:132403783
2685:Allen, C.
2322:132336432
1975:Long Lead
1582:Aftermath
1530:Field Act
1206:soil type
1084:ordinance
993:MMI III (
980:Parkfield
976:Las Vegas
952:San Diego
889:MMI VII (
682:) with a
607:. As the
393:intensity
304:Epicenter
271:Magnitude
169:San Diego
113:Parkfield
99:Las Vegas
3370:Moderate
2976:Tuscania
2728:Kamb, B.
2576:Archived
2326:archived
2286:Bolt, B.
1980:June 30,
1943:April 3,
1937:archived
1909:Archived
1690:See also
1636:Holocene
1539:Whittier
1371:and the
1358:subsided
1260:basement
1193:alluvium
1167:and the
1127:arch dam
1045:to take
965:MMI IV (
939:Moderate
913:MMI VI (
845:MMI IX (
805:MMI XI (
399:MMI XI (
317:118°25â˛W
263:Duration
2902:and/or
2843:Bibcode
2805:Bibcode
2647:Sources
2560:Bibcode
2505:Bibcode
2332:May 20,
2302:Bibcode
2074:May 20,
1840:ISC-EHB
1571:parapet
1553:and 53
1547:masonry
1535:Compton
1510:Schools
1319:Memphis
1315:Seattle
1153:Newhall
1123:granite
956:Barstow
937:MMI V (
928:Ontario
880:Newhall
847:Violent
827:Extreme
825:MMI X (
807:Extreme
781:north."
770:bedrock
613:terrane
591:dipping
483:Extreme
481:of XI (
401:Extreme
314:34°16â˛N
245: (
141:Barstow
4209:Swarms
2997:BingĂśl
2991:Jambyl
2919:Watch
2898:has a
2823:
2616:
2523:
2320:
2101:
2032:
1844:787038
1842:Event
1541:. The
1537:, and
1522:, and
1381:Severe
1327:Boston
1325:, and
1157:Saugus
1133:Damage
1056:slumps
1004:Merced
984:Bishop
924:Malibu
915:Strong
867:Severe
816:Sylmar
766:strike
636:, and
573:, and
565:. The
495:Sylmar
431:1,000+
283:; 6.6
234:ComCat
221:787038
71:Merced
57:Bishop
3453:(5.1)
3447:(5.4)
3441:(5.6)
3435:(5.0)
3429:(5.6)
3423:(5.7)
3417:(5.9)
3411:(5.9)
3405:(5.8)
3399:(5.7)
3393:(5.8)
3381:(5.7)
3362:(6.4)
3356:(6.4)
3350:(6.0)
3344:(6.5)
3338:(6.6)
3332:(6.7)
3326:(6.5)
3320:(6.2)
3314:(6.9)
3302:(6.2)
3296:(6.0)
3290:(6.2)
3284:(6.2)
3278:(6.4)
3266:(6.6)
3260:(6.4)
3254:(6.9)
3248:(6.4)
3242:(6.4)
3236:(6.8)
3230:(6.7)
3218:(6.7)
3189:Large
3181:(7.1)
3175:(7.2)
3169:(7.1)
3163:(7.3)
3157:(7.2)
3151:(7.3)
3145:(7.3)
3139:(7.3)
3133:(7.0)
3127:(7.8)
3109:(7.9)
2821:S2CID
2579:(PDF)
2548:(PDF)
2318:S2CID
1846:[
1424:I-405
967:Light
609:plate
414:1.25
343:Fault
296:Depth
227:USGS-
2894:The
2655:ANSS
2614:ISBN
2587:2014
2521:ISBN
2334:2013
2099:ISBN
2076:2013
2030:ISBN
1982:2024
1945:2016
1848:IRIS
1681:and
1490:and
1467:ties
1430:and
1306:NOAA
1296:Few
1141:and
995:Weak
668:and
642:1994
638:1978
634:1925
630:1812
447:The
391:Max.
353:Type
274:6.5
229:ANSS
2851:doi
2839:105
2813:doi
2756:hdl
2748:doi
2568:doi
2556:XVI
2513:doi
2374:hdl
2366:doi
2310:doi
2206:hdl
2198:doi
2154:hdl
2146:doi
1817:hdl
1809:doi
1561:At
1420:I-5
793:MMI
680:UTC
533:dam
420:at
215:ISC
204:UTC
4258::
3001:â âĄ
2912:â
2888:â
2879:â
2870:â
2849:,
2837:,
2819:.
2811:.
2801:68
2799:.
2773:,
2754:,
2738:,
2713:,
2695:,
2687:;
2673:.
2661:,
2657:,
2604:,
2574:.
2566:.
2554:.
2550:.
2535:^
2519:.
2511:.
2485:^
2471:,
2459:^
2449:,
2445:,
2433:^
2419:,
2396:,
2372:,
2356:,
2341:^
2324:,
2316:,
2308:,
2298:65
2296:,
2292:,
2277:^
2258:^
2219:^
2204:,
2188:,
2152:,
2136:,
2112:^
2024:,
1999:,
1973:.
1931:,
1917:^
1907:.
1901:.
1867:^
1830:^
1815:,
1799:,
1518:,
1506:.
1422:/
1329:.
1321:,
1317:,
1208:.
1155:,
1102:.
1062:.
1010:,
1006:,
982:,
978:,
954:,
950:,
926:,
902:,
878:,
632:,
569:,
497:,
383:$
3486:e
3479:t
3472:v
3065:e
3058:t
3051:v
3032:âĄ
3027:â
3010:â
2986:â
2965:â
2959:â
2951:e
2944:t
2937:v
2853::
2845::
2827:.
2815::
2807::
2783:.
2765:.
2758::
2750::
2723:.
2705:.
2589:.
2570::
2562::
2529:.
2515::
2507::
2376::
2368::
2312::
2304::
2208::
2200::
2156::
2148::
2078:.
1984:.
1819::
1811::
1667:g
1663:g
1658:g
1650:g
1454:.
1115:g
997:)
969:)
941:)
917:)
893:)
869:)
849:)
829:)
809:)
624:(
473:w
471:M
464:s
462:M
417:g
403:)
288:w
286:M
279:s
277:M
249:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.