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number of those in labor unions steadily decreased. Meanwhile, just before 1920, a racial division began to emerge between black workers and the veterans they replaced during World War 1. During this time, many blacks trying to get out of rural poverty moved north to big, bustling cities such as
Chicago and New York City. Unfortunately, racial segregation and invasions of black neighborhood by whites led to many race riots in 1919. As prohibition led to many entertainment businesses expanding to include live music performances, it opened the door for many black jazz musicians to gain a following (Ogren 5). Allowing jazz to rise up in American culture brought many unique things to music in 1920. New instrumental, orchestral, and rhythmic techniques were introduced, as well as twelve-bar blues, emotional expressiveness, a new scale, and unique forms (Murchison 98). In 1917, many jazz record companies began to conceal their identity because racial tension was on the rise and showed no signs of slowing down. This allowed them to overcome identity threats such as their association with illegitimate, but profitable products (Phillips and Kim 481).
410:“One can plausibly argue that the debate over jazz was just one of many that characterized American social discourse in the 1920s” (Ogren 3). In 1919, jazz was being described to white people as “a music originating about the turn of the twentieth century in New Orleans that featured wind instruments exploiting new timbres and performance techniques and improvisation” (Murchison 97). On the other hand, famous jazz musician Jelly Roll Morton said jazz is centered around melody, rhythm, and harmony. While white people often saw jazz as nothing more than syncopation and technique, black jazz musicians argued that improvisation and harmony are just as important. In addition to this, although jazz has mostly black roots, most people associate it today with white musicians (Dupree 288).
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were trying to run them out of popular music and entertainment venues. After racially motivated violence broke out in
Chicago in 1919, the local government created the Chicago Commission on Race Relations to hopefully help with the animosity between white people and black people in the city (Absher 30). In the midst of this rising racial tension, job opportunities for the majority of the black community became limited. Because many black people had previous experience playing musical instruments as a child, playing in nightclubs and other entertainment venues was proven to be one of the only options.
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black jazz musicians as “savages” instead of musical artists and put down the genre altogether by saying that jazz was “strict rhythm without melody” (Anderson 136). Because jazz had caused so much segregation and tension between people living in big, urbanized cities, Chicago soon became a city of intense disconnect (Phillips 428).
401:
The birth of a more urban and industrialized
America was in part marked by the new style of music: jazz (Drowne 3). Leading up to 1920, America was becoming much more industrialized which led to the decade starting off with many strikes across different fields. However, as the decade progressed, the
418:
By 1920, the
African American population in Chicago was up to 109,594 out of 2,701,705 total residents (Absher 17). As African American culture in Chicago grew, so did racial segregation (Absher 19). This resulted in many black jazz musicians in 1920 having to defend their music against people who
427:
Despite the racial indifference that stemmed from jazz in the United States, white people were quickly catching onto the fact that this new music style wasn’t going anywhere and would eventually just have to be accepted and embraced (Anderson 135). Many white critics in 1920 would often refer to
1517:
9. Phillips, Damon J. “Jazz and the
Disconnected: City Structural Disconnectedness and the Emergence of a Jazz Canon, 1897–1933.” American Journal of Sociology, vol. 117, no. 2, 2011, pp. 420–483. Accessed 19 Feb. 2020.
1521:
10. Phillips, Damon J., and Young-Kyu Kim. “Why
Pseudonyms? Deception as Identity Preservation among Jazz Record Companies, 1920-1929.” Organization Science, vol. 20, no. 3, 2009, pp. 481–499. Accessed 19 Feb. 2020.
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Throughout much of the 1920s, the
Chicago jazz scene was developing rapidly, aided by the migration of over 40 prominent New Orleans jazz men, including the
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developing in cellars provided many aspiring jazz musicians with new venues. This gradually saw many musicians who had moved to
Chicago ending up on the
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1461:"History of Jazz Time Lince: 1920". All About Jazz. Archived from the original on 2010-11-17. Retrieved December 2, 2010.
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O'Donnell, Maureen (2019-02-17). "Ken
Nordine dies at 98; radio announcer & influential "Word Jazz" artist".
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7. Murchison, Gayle. “Back in the United States: Popular Music, Jazz, and the New
American Music.”
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The American Stravinsky: The Style and Aesthetics of Copland's New American Music, the Early Works, 1921-1938
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3. Absher, Amy. “Musicians and the Segregated City: Chicago in the Early 1900s-1930s.”
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1479:, 1900-1967, University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, 2014, pp. 16–47. Accessed 19 Feb. 2020.
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1507:, University of Michigan Press, ANN ARBOR, 2012, pp. 95–123. Accessed 19 Feb. 2020.
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African American Review, vol. 38, no. 1, 2004, pp. 135–145. Accessed 19 Feb. 2020.
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and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by
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were becoming more and more prominent as additional sub genres of jazz to consider.
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American Music, vol. 4, no. 3, 1986, pp. 287–301. Accessed 19 Feb. 2020.
1440:"Ken Nordine dies at 98; radio announcer & influential "Word Jazz" artist"
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The Jazz Revolution : Twenties America and the Meaning of Jazz
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The Black Musician and the White City: Race and Music in Chicago
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5. Drowne, Kathleen Morgan, and Patrick Huber.
652:, French polymath: writer, poet, musician, and singer (died
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1498:“Jazz," the Critics, and American Art Music in the 1920s.
1221:, American tenor saxophonist and valve trombonist (died
715:, American singer, composer, pianist, and actress (died
1700:
1514:. Oxford University Press, 1992. Accessed 19 Feb 2020.
390:
701:, American composer, lyricist, and musician (died
323:This is a detailed summary documenting events of
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1207:, English trumpeter, pianist and composer (died
422:
1493:. Greenwood Press, 2004. Accessed 19 Feb 2020.
950:, Trinidad and Tobago pianist and singer (died
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1709:
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1403:, American saxophonist and flautist (died
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1484:“The White Reception of Jazz in America.”
1375:, American swing and bop trumpeter (died
1088:, American trombonist and composer (died
885:, English composer and band leader (died
754:, American Spoken Word Jazz Artist (died
666:, American R&B and jazz singer (died
1256:, Swedish pianist and entertainer (died
785:, American composer and trumpeter (died
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1627:
1609:
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875:, American singer and songwriter (died
367:in 1920, the cabaret business began in
335:Jazz musicians born that year included
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1496:6. Dupree, Mary Herron.
832:, American pianist and composer (died
601:, American composer and pianist (died
111:Overview of the events of 1920 in jazz
1704:
1074:, American drummer and teacher (died
1011:, Brazilian singer and actress (died
638:, French composer and lyricist (died
1482:4. Anderson, Maureen.
1631:(2nd ed.). Hal Leonard. 2006.
1613:(2nd ed.). Hal Leonard. 2007.
1595:(6th ed.). Hal Leonard. 2004.
1361:, American tenor saxophonist (died
1235:, Scottish tenor saxophonist (died
997:, American tenor saxophonist (died
485:, American tenor saxophonist (died
13:
1172:, American alto saxophonist (died
576:, American big band drummer (died
413:
14:
3169:
3078:Album covers of Blue Note Records
1685:
1510:8. Ogren, Kathy J.
1438:O'Donnell, Maureen (2019-02-17).
1298:, American upright bassist (died
1116:, American upright bassist (died
1046:, Swedish jazz saxophonist (died
909:, American jazz trombonist (died
562:, American upright bassist (died
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1417:, American jazz guitarist (died
471:, American jazz guitarist (died
391:Culture Surrounding Jazz in 1920
1525:
935:, German big band leader (died
377:East Coast of the United States
2458:Institutions and organizations
1692:History Of Jazz Timeline: 1920
1431:
1060:, American blues singer (died
729:, American accordionist (died
440:George Handy, ca. January 1947
1:
2155:Cool jazz and West Coast jazz
1572:The New Real Book, Volume III
1425:
1270:, American saxophonist (died
860:, American tuba player (died
499:, American saxophonist (died
423:Race Relating to Jazz in 1920
1554:The New Real Book, Volume II
1389:, American trombonist (died
1158:, Norwegian trumpeter (died
983:, American trombonist (died
846:, English jazz singer (died
680:, Swedish saxophonist (died
397:List of 1920s jazz standards
104:List of 1920s jazz standards
7:
1470:. Retrieved 2019-02-20.
1319:, Swiss jazz pianist (died
1284:, American trumpeter (died
1193:, American guitarist (died
1032:, American trumpeter (died
919:, American violinist (died
591:, American guitarist (died
548:, American trumpeter (died
10:
3174:
770:, American arranger (died
394:
371:and the growing number of
363:. Additionally, following
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2484:See Template: Jazz theory
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1629:The Real Book, Volume III
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1130:, American drummer (died
960:, American drummer (died
795:, American drummer (died
534:, American bassist (died
513:, German violinist (died
457:, American pianist (died
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1611:The Real Book, Volume II
1333:, American singer (died
1102:, British pianist (died
818:, British pianist (died
816:Joe "Mr Piano" Henderson
357:New Orleans Rhythm Kings
351:Overview of Jazz in 1920
406:The Jazz Debate in 1920
617:, Cuban pianist (died
546:Alfred "Chico" Alvarez
441:
1670:. Hal Leonard. 2006.
439:
359:who began playing at
124:List of years in jazz
2872:Bibliography of jazz
2652:Continental European
1574:. Sher Music. 1995.
1556:. Sher Music. 1991.
1538:. Sher Music. 1988.
314:adding missing items
3113:Straight, No Chaser
2902:Straight-ahead jazz
2359:Winter & Winter
1808:French horn in jazz
1666:The Real Vocal Book
20:
3057:West African music
2882:British dance band
2672:European free jazz
2645:British dance band
2138:Musicians by genre
1918:Free improvisation
1647:The Real Jazz Book
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16:
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3013:New Orleans blues
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2377:Beaches (Toronto)
1788:Swing performance
1656:978-91-85041-36-7
1534:The New Real Book
1468:Chicago Sun-Times
1444:Chicago Sun-Times
1401:Jerome Richardson
1156:Rowland Greenberg
1058:Jimmy Witherspoon
678:Carl-Henrik Norin
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2897:Continental jazz
2790:Washington, D.C.
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1997:Progressive jazz
1851:Avant-garde jazz
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341:Dave Bartholomew
330:in the year 1920
318:reliable sources
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1987:Orchestral jazz
1967:Mainstream jazz
1955:Afro-Cuban jazz
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1746:Outline of jazz
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1649:. Warner Bros.
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414:Jazz in Chicago
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1696:All About Jazz
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1352:
1338:
1324:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1289:
1275:
1261:
1254:Charlie Norman
1246:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1226:
1219:Bob Enevoldsen
1212:
1205:Ken Rattenbury
1198:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1170:Charlie Parker
1163:
1149:
1142:Leonard Gaskin
1135:
1121:
1107:
1093:
1086:Tommy Pederson
1079:
1065:
1051:
1037:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1002:
995:Paul Gonsalves
988:
973:
972:
968:
967:
966:
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933:Kurt Edelhagen
926:
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865:
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476:
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407:
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392:
389:
385:symphonic jazz
352:
349:
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32:United Kingdom
26:
25:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3170:
3159:
3156:
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3153:1920 in music
3151:
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3129:
3121:
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3110:
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3103:
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3063:
3062:Western swing
3060:
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2786:
2785:New York City
2783:
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2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2723:
2717:
2714:
2710:
2709:Flamenco jazz
2707:
2706:
2705:
2702:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2690:
2688:
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2543:
2541:
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2537:
2536:
2535:South African
2533:
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2522:
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2503:
2500:
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2257:
2255:
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2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2232:Discographies
2230:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2198:
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2192:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
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2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
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2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2119:Vibraphonists
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
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2072:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2040:
2039:Swing revival
2037:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
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1975:
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1965:
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1948:
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1943:
1941:
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1928:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1898:Flamenco jazz
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1857:
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1852:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1834:
1833:Women in jazz
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1818:Jazz trombone
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1798:Jazz drumming
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1766:Improvisation
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1726:
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1719:
1714:
1712:
1707:
1706:
1703:
1697:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1679:
1677:0-634-06080-5
1673:
1669:
1667:
1662:
1658:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1638:0-634-06136-4
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1620:1-4234-2452-2
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1602:0-634-06038-4
1598:
1594:
1592:
1591:The Real Book
1587:
1583:
1581:1-883217-30-X
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1563:0-9614701-7-8
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1545:0-9614701-4-3
1541:
1537:
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1360:
1359:Eddie Johnson
1356:
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1019:
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996:
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989:
986:
982:
981:Herbie Harper
978:
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908:
907:Britt Woodman
905:
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838:
835:
831:
827:
824:
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817:
813:
810:
809:
805:
804:
798:
794:
793:Buzzy Drootin
791:
788:
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781:
780:
779:
776:
773:
769:
765:
762:
757:
753:
750:
747:
743:
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739:
738:
735:
732:
728:
727:Art Van Damme
724:
721:
718:
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700:
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693:
692:
688:
687:
683:
679:
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658:
655:
651:
647:
644:
641:
637:
636:Hubert Giraud
633:
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629:
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579:
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571:
568:
565:
561:
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554:
551:
547:
543:
540:
537:
533:
532:Joe Mondragon
529:
526:
525:
521:
520:
516:
512:
508:
505:
502:
498:
497:Jimmy Forrest
494:
491:
488:
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477:
474:
470:
466:
463:
460:
456:
452:
449:
448:
444:
443:
438:
429:
420:
411:
403:
398:
388:
386:
382:
381:classic blues
379:. Meanwhile,
378:
374:
370:
369:New York City
366:
362:
358:
348:
346:
342:
338:
333:
331:
328:
327:
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315:
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223:
220:
218:
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209:
207:
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202:
199:
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177:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
138:
137:
135:
134:
127:
125:
122:
120:
119:
116:
115:
105:
102:
98:
95:
94:1920 in music
92:
88:
85:
84:1920s in jazz
82:
78:
73:
65:
64:
59:
56:
54:
51:
50:
49:
48:
44:
43:
38:
35:
33:
30:
29:
28:
27:
23:
22:
19:
18:1920 in music
3158:Jazz by year
3124:
3111:
3104:
3097:
3093:(miniseries)
3090:
3082:
3052:Sophisti-pop
2482:
2473:Jazz royalty
2463:Jazz funeral
2259:Contemporary
2150:Chamber jazz
2104:Saxophonists
2074:Clarinetists
2046:Third stream
1883:Chamber jazz
1783:Scat singing
1664:
1646:
1628:
1610:
1589:
1571:
1553:
1532:
1526:Bibliography
1520:
1516:
1511:
1509:
1504:
1502:
1497:
1495:
1490:
1488:
1483:
1481:
1476:
1474:
1465:
1460:
1447:. Retrieved
1433:
1415:Irving Ashby
1410:
1396:
1382:
1368:
1354:
1345:Dave Brubeck
1340:
1326:
1312:
1291:
1277:
1268:Yusef Lateef
1263:
1249:
1228:
1214:
1200:
1186:
1165:
1151:
1137:
1123:
1109:
1100:Lennie Felix
1095:
1081:
1067:
1053:
1044:Harry Arnold
1039:
1025:
1004:
990:
976:
958:Shelly Manne
942:
928:
917:Ginger Smock
901:
867:
853:
844:Beryl Bryden
839:
825:
811:
777:
763:
742:John LaPorta
736:
722:
713:Carmen McRae
708:
699:Stan Freeman
694:
673:
659:
645:
631:
610:
599:Hall Overton
583:
569:
560:Jack Lesberg
555:
541:
527:
506:
492:
478:
464:
455:George Handy
450:
426:
417:
409:
400:
354:
345:Dave Brubeck
334:
329:
324:
322:
310:dynamic list
298:
273:Architecture
194:
193:
75:1920 in jazz
57:
3035:Quiet storm
2998:Contradanza
2780:New Orleans
2775:Kansas City
2578:Jazz mugham
2573:Azerbaijani
2497:Second line
2492:Rare groove
2478:Jazz theory
2468:Jazz poetry
2453:Contrafacts
2437:Saint Lucia
2417:New Orleans
2349:Strata-East
2324:MPS Records
2254:Cobblestone
2175:Smooth jazz
2165:Jazz fusion
2109:Trombonists
2022:Sacred jazz
2007:Smooth jazz
1940:Jazz fusion
1823:Jazz violin
1803:Jazz guitar
1778:Jam session
1751:Jazz (word)
1373:Clark Terry
1317:GĂ©o Voumard
948:Hazel Scott
883:Roland Shaw
858:Bill Barder
783:Alfred Burt
752:Ken Nordine
574:Sam Ranelli
373:speakeasies
365:Prohibition
361:Friar's Inn
268:Archaeology
24:By location
3147:Categories
3020:Brass band
3008:Jump blues
2852:Ethno jazz
2815:Australian
2795:West Coast
2552:Zimbabwean
2392:Copenhagen
2314:Mainstream
2124:Violinists
2114:Trumpeters
2084:Guitarists
1992:Organ trio
1977:Modal jazz
1950:Latin jazz
1930:Gypsy jazz
1828:Vocal jazz
1813:Jazz piano
1668:, Volume I
1593:, Volume I
1536:, Volume I
1449:2019-02-20
1426:References
1233:Alan Davie
1128:Don Lamond
830:John Lewis
768:Gil Fuller
650:Boris Vian
615:José Melis
483:Ray Abrams
395:See also:
308:This is a
288:Philosophy
278:Literature
2988:Acid jazz
2845:Worldwide
2831:Brazilian
2628:Bulgarian
2590:Indo jazz
2540:Cape jazz
2427:North Sea
2382:Cape Town
2369:Festivals
2344:Riverside
2319:Milestone
2244:Blue Note
2239:Bethlehem
2223:post-1950
2195:Standards
2180:Soul jazz
2129:Vocalists
2089:Organists
2061:Musicians
2051:Trad jazz
2012:Soul jazz
1935:Jazz-funk
1923:Punk jazz
1913:Free funk
1908:Free jazz
1903:Folk jazz
1893:Dixieland
1888:Cool jazz
1878:Cape jazz
1793:Jazz bass
1756:Jazz band
1491:The 1920s
1331:Kay Davis
1191:Al Caiola
1181:September
1072:Sam Ulano
873:Peggy Lee
664:Bea Booze
589:Gene Leis
469:Bob Hames
337:Peggy Lee
100:Standards
2993:Afrobeat
2907:Pre-1920
2892:Jazz Age
2808:Oceanian
2758:American
2732:Canadian
2616:European
2607:Japanese
2568:Armenian
2530:Malawian
2525:Ethiopia
2412:Montreux
2407:Montreal
2402:Monterey
2339:Prestige
2309:Landmark
2294:Impulse!
2274:ESP-Disk
2203:Pre-1920
2160:Hard bop
2099:Pianists
2079:Drummers
2069:Bassists
2002:Ska jazz
1945:Jazz rap
1871:Post-bop
1861:Hard bop
1761:Big band
1307:December
1282:Ray Linn
522:February
66:By topic
45:By genre
3040:Ragtime
3025:Exotica
2981:Related
2887:Ragtime
2865:History
2770:Chicago
2737:Haitian
2716:Swedish
2704:Spanish
2687:Italian
2640:British
2635:Belgian
2602:Iranian
2518:African
2446:Culture
2422:Newport
2397:Jakarta
2387:Chicago
2284:Freedom
1982:Nu jazz
1866:Neo-bop
1244:October
445:January
293:Science
53:country
2692:Polish
2682:German
2677:French
2662:Danish
2623:Balkan
2585:Indian
2545:Marabi
2502:Venues
2029:Stride
1972:Marabi
1962:M-Base
1843:Genres
1674:
1653:
1635:
1617:
1599:
1578:
1560:
1542:
1020:August
432:Births
80:Decade
37:Norway
3071:Media
3030:Plugg
3003:Blues
2957:2010s
2952:2000s
2947:1990s
2942:1980s
2937:1970s
2932:1960s
2927:1950s
2922:1940s
2917:1930s
2912:1920s
2877:Blues
2747:Cuban
2667:Dutch
2595:Sitar
2561:Asian
2354:Verve
2218:1940s
2213:1930s
2208:1920s
2185:Swing
2145:Bebop
2034:Swing
1856:Bebop
689:April
626:March
316:with
283:Music
90:Music
3091:Jazz
3084:Bird
2972:2022
2967:2021
2962:2020
2697:Yass
2432:Pori
2334:Muse
2170:Scat
1771:Jazz
1732:Jazz
1672:ISBN
1651:ISBN
1633:ISBN
1615:ISBN
1597:ISBN
1576:ISBN
1558:ISBN
1540:ISBN
1419:1987
1405:2000
1391:1983
1377:2015
1363:2010
1349:2012
1335:2012
1321:2008
1300:2002
1286:1996
1272:2013
1258:2005
1237:2014
1223:2005
1209:2001
1195:2016
1174:1955
1160:1994
1146:2009
1132:2003
1118:1985
1104:1980
1090:1998
1076:2014
1062:1997
1048:1971
1034:1971
1013:1990
999:1974
985:2012
971:July
962:1984
952:1981
937:1982
921:1995
911:2000
896:June
887:2012
877:2002
862:2007
848:1998
834:2001
820:1980
797:2000
787:1954
772:1994
756:2019
746:2004
731:2010
717:1994
703:2001
682:1967
668:1986
654:1959
640:2016
619:2005
603:1972
593:1993
578:1999
564:2005
550:1992
536:1987
515:2002
501:1987
487:1992
473:1998
459:1997
383:and
343:and
326:Jazz
300:+...
247:1930
242:1929
237:1928
232:1927
227:1926
222:1925
217:1924
211:1923
206:1922
201:1921
195:1920
189:1919
184:1918
179:1917
173:1916
168:1915
163:1914
158:1913
153:1912
148:1911
143:1910
58:jazz
2329:MPS
2304:JMT
2269:ECM
2264:CTI
2249:BYG
1694:at
806:May
263:Art
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