1912 Republican Party presidential primaries

477: 1079:, the convention system remained dominant; party leaders dominated the proceedings and were in turn dominated by the federal administration. Party leaders were told their appointment power (and in some cases their own federal employment) would be withdrawn if they did not deliver their delegation to Taft. Cecil Lyons, the chair of the Texas party, had his patronage power withdrawn over his support for Roosevelt. Upon Roosevelt's entry, Taft operatives also made every effort accelerate the pace of the conventions, so that they could be held before Roosevelt had an opportunity to organize. Roosevelt delegates to local and state conventions responded by frequently accusing the local party machine of corruption and illegitimacy, forming a 315: 1129: 325: 130: 1754:

not be supporting Taft in this second presidential election, but instead would switch their support to Theodore Roosevelt. All ten of the delegates signed a statement that they were deserting the Taft movement and supporting Roosevelt. The Taft campaign marked up the southern states and their delegates in anticipation of a big southern win. This changed when the five Georgia delegates, Clark, Grier, J.H. Boone, J. C. Styles, J. Eugene Peterson, and S. S. Mincey switched to supporting Roosevelt along with the five Mississippi delegates Charles Banks, W.P. Locker, Perry W. Howard, Daniel W. Gerry, and Wesly Crayton.

193: 1319: 865:. Woodruff's faction hampered Hughes' agenda and blocked Hughes' legislation for a direct presidential primary. Roosevelt re-entered politics in his home state of New York, allying with Hughes to support these failed primary proposals. To press the cause of electoral reform, Roosevelt stood for election as temporary chairman of the state convention. Taft offered to support Roosevelt and denounce Aldrich and Cannon, in exchange for an endorsement of the administration, but Roosevelt refused the deal. The New York Republican Party instead supported Vice President 1442: 1720: 620: 639:. Pinchot "threw down the gauntlet" by stating "unequivocally" that a national hydropower trust was "in the process of formation," aided by "strict construction" of the law, which inevitably championed "the great interests as against the people." Ballinger, under attack from Pinchot and the progressive press, merely recited a "routine dissertation on public-land matters." He was the only speaker not to accept questions, which drew an open rebuke from California governor 1236: 635:, who had overseen Roosevelt's conservation efforts from that office and had become Roosevelt's close personal friend. The Pinchot-Ballinger controversy soon became a proxy for several latent political conflicts—progressives versus conservatives, corporate interests versus public rights, East versus West—and consequently Pinchot's cause became the opening volley in the 1912 campaign to defeat Taft. In August 1909, both men spoke at the National Irrigation Conference in 1339: 186: 961:, who served as president) and sixteen U.S. Representatives. La Follette asked Roosevelt to join the league, but he declined. Though most members professed to support Roosevelt, the organization was regarded as a vehicle for a La Follette campaign. Similar organizations were formed in Minnesota, Michigan, Nebraska, South Dakota, Washington, and Wisconsin. Bourne stated that the 1912 presidential election would be between Wilson and La Follette. 1255: 179: 25: 616:. Within weeks of taking office, Ballinger privatized three million acres of federally preserved land, a reversal of Roosevelt's aggressive conservation policies. Ballinger made a purely legalistic argument for the reversal, claiming that requisite data and congressional approval must be secured before public seizure of any land. Taft backed Ballinger in his insistence that conservation could only be pursued "on the basis of law." 1380: 1400: 1148: 1758:

electoral vote or were controlled by federal patronage. Roosevelt summed up Taft's delegates as, "one-eighth of his delegates represent a real sentiment for him and seven-eighths represent nothing whatever but the use of patronage in his interest in certain Democratic states". Roosevelt made it clear that Taft had turned the Republican Party for the worst and that he had no chance of winning the election.

2603: 1059:, relying on their support and his own leverage over federal appointments to secure Taft's nomination. Taft used his support from the southern delegates, 83% of which voted for him, to win the nomination. Another twelve delegates came from the District of Columbia, Hawaii, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico, which would not vote in the general election. 1596:

diverted the campaign's energy and focus during the early months. To counter the Taft campaign, the Roosevelt forces sent a full-time staffer, Ormsby McHarg, to lobby Southern delegates. In Washington, pro-Roosevelt Senators blocked Taft's political appointments and opened a national investigation into the use of patronage in the South.

1055:; over 200 delegates would come from states that had not been won by a Republican since the end of Reconstruction and where the party was essentially non-existent other than Republican appointees who owed their jobs to Taft. However, Roosevelt had previously rejected an attempt to abolish Southern delegations at the 1604:"We should hold the judiciary in all respect, but it is both absurd and degrading to make a fetish of a judge or of any one else," he declared. Amid furor and accusations of insanity from conservatives, legal scholars, and even some progressives, he formally accepted the draft petition in Boston on February 25. 1761:

Five states voted in the final four weeks of the primary season, and Roosevelt won all five states. He won Maryland 53–47 over Taft. In California, Roosevelt received 55% to Taft's 27% and La Follette's 18%. The major shock of the primary season was Roosevelt's 55–40% defeat of Taft in his home state

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On February 6, Florida Republicans held their state convention, which appeared to be organized solidly for Taft given his control of the party apparatus. After contested delegates were resolved in favor of the Taft forces, the Roosevelt men bolted to nominate a competing slate of Roosevelt delegates.

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The strategy of the Taft organization in the South, where they were assured of total control for the time being, was to hold conventions before Roosevelt could organize there, sometimes months before the usual time. The Taft campaign sought to quickly overpower Roosevelt-supporting party chairs, such

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On January 16, the Roosevelt National Committee was independently formed in Chicago; speculation became widespread that the former president would announce a campaign in late February, when he was scheduled to speak at the Ohio constitutional convention. He publicly stated that he would be willing to

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Roosevelt, in a letter to Lodge, wrote about internal Republican disputes aiding the Democrats in the 1910 election. This included criticizing Cannon's supporters who "would a thousand fold" perfer a Democratic victory rather than Cannon not being elected speaker. The New York Republican Party was in

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National progressives praised the speech, while conservatives decried Roosevelt as a "new Napoleon," "neo-Populist," "peripatetic revolutionist," "a virtual traitor to American institutions." The speech was declaimed as "more nearly revolutionary than anything that ever proceeded from the lips of any

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and by far the most radical he had ever delivered, calling for primacy of the executive, as "the steward of the public welfare" over the judiciary, which must be made "interested primarily in human welfare rather than in property." He also called for the large-scale revision of law "so as to work for

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Taft personally disliked Cannon and discussed the idea of removing him from the speakership with Roosevelt shortly before ascending to the presidency. The declining Republican majority in the U.S. House of Representatives meant that the progressive faction of the Republicans could challenge Cannon by

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and poorly organized. In Oklahoma, for example, two competing Roosevelt campaign organs were established, each seeking to seize the novel authority of the insurgent campaign for their own. Eventually, the national Roosevelt campaign intervened to resolve the dispute. Similar local disputes elsewhere

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The method of delegate selection in the various states was an early proxy contest between the progressives and the conservatives, with progressives favoring a direct primary process. Upon Roosevelt's entry into the race in late February 1912, his supporters lobbied for the adoption of direct primary

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for the first time since 1895. Many of the Democratic victories were achieved by combining with progressive independents and Republicans to defeat conservatives, while many progressive Republicans retained their seats, heightening confidence that they could supplant Taft in 1912. In the alternative,

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presented Taft's name for the nomination. Taft won the nomination while 344 of Roosevelt's delegates abstained from the vote. Allen read a speech from Roosevelt in which he criticized the process and stated that delegates had been stolen from his in order to secure Taft's nomination. Later that day

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Theodore Roosevelt also attacked President Taft in the Chicago Tribune on June 17, 1912, with his own column. In the column Roosevelt wrote about the differences in delegates that Taft and he had. He stated that the delegates Taft had were from territories or states that had never cast a Republican

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A big turn of events occurred on June 17, 1912. The Chicago Tribune sent out a newspaper with a column on the Republican primary titled, "10 From South Desert Taft for Roosevelt". In this column the writer explains that five Mississippi delegates and five Georgia delegates announced that they would

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for a city flat. On some ballots, up to three feet of blank space separated the Roosevelt ticket from its emblem, leading some voters to tear off what the thought was waste paper and render their ballot unusable. In at least 400 of the 1,069 election districts, the physical supply of ballots, tally

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As formal steps toward the primaries and conventions began in late 1911, La Follette was the sole declared challenger to President Taft; though he had the support of most progressives and insurgents, few observers considered him likely to win, even in the event that Taft was forced from the race at

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In March and April, Roosevelt completed a quiet tour of the American Southwest. While he publicly declined to comment on politics, he privately told friends Taft could only be renominated "by default," absent a serious progressive in the race. He did not regard La Follette, who struggled to attract

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If our political institutions were perfect, they would absolutely prevent the political domination of money in any part of our affairs. We need to make our political representatives more quickly and sensitively responsive to the people whose servants they are. ... The prime problem of our nation is

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Taft, unlike his predecessor, refused to interfere with legislation through executive leverage, and his efforts at mediation between progressives and conservatives failed. Seizing on the plain meaning of "revision" in the 1908 platform, Aldrich questioned, "Where did we ever make the statement that

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On February 10, the governors of Kansas, Michigan, Missouri, Nebraska, and West Virginia answered Roosevelt's call for a draft. Speaking at the Ohio convention on February 21, he called for recall of judicial decisions as a last resort, an indirect slight to Taft, a former federal judge from Ohio.

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After the humiliating defeat of 1910, Roosevelt receded into private life and Taft turned his focus to the divided Congress, controlled by a mix of Democrats and insurgent Republicans. Roosevelt generally declined entreaties to challenge Taft, stating that the best hope for progressives was to "do

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388 delegates were selected through the primaries and Roosevelt won 281, Taft received 71 delegates, and La Follette received 36 delegates. However, Taft had a 566–466 margin, placing him over the 540 needed for nomination, with the delegations selected at state conventions. Roosevelt accused the

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After the results came in, Roosevelt himself joined the criticism of the New York process, which he called "fraud." He likewise denounced the "brutal and indecent" exclusion of his delegates in Indiana and "outrageous" tactics in Denver. "They are stealing the primary elections from us," he said.

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The primary was closed, meaning only voters who formally enrolled as members of the Republican Party could vote. In all cities of over 5,000 people, voters were required to enroll in advance, while same-day registration was permitted in smaller towns and villages. Polls were open from 7 a.m. to 9

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There was an attempt to end La Follette's campaign by promising a Roosevelt-La Follette ticket. La Follette rejected this, but the Pinchots, who faced embarrassment if they switched to Roosevelt after publicly asking La Follette to run, unsuccessfully tried to convince him to withdraw. Many of La

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wrote that this speech as "a major milestone in the alienation of progressive Republican sentiment from the Taft administration". The backlash to this speech and Taft's tour led to Lodge to write to Roosevelt about his concerns of La Follette and Cummins tearing the party apart. However, Taft was

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additionally advised Taft that Ballinger had, as commissioner, obstructed antitrust investigations into a Seattle developer who later became his legal client. In September, Taft rejected their findings and publicly exonerated Ballinger of wrong-doing and criticized Glavis's zeal. In January 1910,

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arguing the trust was monopolistic in intent. Though Wickersham argued that Roosevelt was innocent of wrongdoing, he suggested the former president had naïvely enabled U.S. Steel. In response, Roosevelt defended his record and denounced the Taft antitrust agenda as "chaotic." Privately, he began

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Taft ended the month with a 50–48% win in Massachusetts. However, due to the Massachusetts ballot offering a presidential preference separate from the delegate vote, Roosevelt won more delegates even though he placed second. By the end of the month, Roosevelt was leading in delegates chosen in

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At the end of September, Roosevelt personally appeared at the New York convention in Saratoga. There, delegates rallied to his support and elected him chair rather than Sherman, who had to escort him to the stage for his keynote address. Roosevelt denounced machine politics as "the negation of

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Despite the efforts of Taft supporters, primary elections were adopted by legislation in several states. In addition to the existing binding primary systems in place in California, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oregon, Wisconsin, and New Jersey, Roosevelt supporters successfully lobbied for primary

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On February 2, Roosevelt privately told Johnson that he would run. That same night La Follette gave a disastrous speech to the Periodical Publishers Association in Philadelphia. La Follette, who had recently recovered from ptomaine poisoning, was deprived of sleep, and was distraught over a

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that he would "say nothing about politics until I have been home long enough to know the situation" and that he believed the party "must renominate" Taft. Nevertheless, public speculation mounted. Dolliver said, "With Pinchot knocked out and Aldrich put in command, I think you can hear a

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At the conclusion of the delegation selection process, Roosevelt had won 411 instructed delegates, Taft had 201, and 254 were contested between the two candidates. Of the remaining delegates, 46 were pledged to the minor candidates Albert B. Cummins and Robert M. La Follette and 166 were

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in college, opposed high tariffs. He stated that Aldrich was "ready to sacrifice the party" and told La Follette that he would veto the legislation, but later gave his support to the legislation after meetings with Aldrich and Cannon. He signed the bill into law on August 5, 1909.

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in 1911, the state passed its first primary law. The Dix law did not satisfy progressives; the New York Legislative Voters Association said it could "scarcely be recognized by the name of direct primary." The legislature further amended the law in advance of the 1912 primary; the

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closely associated with Roosevelt during his time as governor, decried the amendments. "All the legislation enacted on the subject of primaries tended to make successful contests against the party machines even more difficult than under the unfair primary law enacted last year."

813:. Some in the press already treated this as the start of a presidential campaign. "It is incredible that there should remain a single American citizen who does not see that Theodore Roosevelt has undertaken a campaign for the presidential nomination in 1912," wrote the 1645:

had aggressively campaigned for a direct primary in 1910 but were unsuccessful, possibly in part because Taft appointed Hughes to the U.S. Supreme Court during the campaign. Republicans lost the New York election in dramatic fashion, and under Democratic governor

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on the latter's return journey through Europe, where he shared his and others' criticisms of the Taft administration. Roosevelt then wrote to Lodge of his impression that the administration had "completely twisted round the policies I advocated and acted upon."

1711:. ... I cannot and will not stand by while the opinion of the people is being suppressed and their will thwarted." His campaign strategy changed to emphasize in-person speeches, and he implicitly threatened to bolt the party if not nominated at the convention. 1566:

costumes, but was reminded that La Follette was Taft's only official challenger and repelled from the stage. After the convention voted 118–32 to endorse Taft over La Follette, the chairman went outside and detonated five hundred pounds of high explosives.

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As the summer wore on, Roosevelt and Taft's personal relationship deteriorated. Relations between the "insurgents" and the regular Republicans deteriorated as well, as conservatives sought to purge the party of more radical Roosevelt allies like Senator

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Roosevelt's fortunes began to change with the Illinois primary on April 9. In his first primary victory, Roosevelt won 61% of the vote to Taft 29% and La Follette 10%. Roosevelt won every county, though Taft won some Congressional Districts in Chicago.

1703:, he won only a single delegate, who ran unopposed. Overall, he received seven delegates to Taft's eighty-three. Progressives won no party committee races at any level. Taft also swept the Colorado and Indiana conventions held that same night. 4967:

The Texas precinct conventions were held on May 5, followed by county conventions on May 8 and district conventions at some intermediate date, culminating in a state convention on May 28. Delegates were elected at the district and state

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On November 21, Roosevelt's name was officially entered into the Nebraska primary. Unauthorized Roosevelt clubs were founded in Idaho, Montana, Michigan, and Ohio. In December, a group of three progressive state party chairmen, led by

594:?" Though Taft had been a bystander in the tariff's passage, he defended it in a speaking tour soon after its passage into law. He said, "On the whole... I think the Payne bill is the best bill that the Republican Party ever passed." 457:

uninstructed. In the end, Taft won the vast majority of the party conventions, delivering him a working majority outright, and many Roosevelt supporters abstained from voting at the convention before bolting to form their own party.

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American who has held high office in our Government" and "more and worse than rank socialism—it is communism at the limit." Privately, Roosevelt admitted to Lodge, "I had no business to take the position in the fashion that I did."

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in late 1909 showed that 80% of newspaper editors west of the Allegheny Mountains wanted Cannon removed. Lodge wrote to Roosevelt in November stating that there was an understanding that Cannon would not be reelected speaker of the

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In the two weeks following the Illinois primary, Roosevelt won three states. He defeated Taft by a 60-40% margin in Pennsylvania on April 13. Nebraska and Oregon voted on April 19, going to Roosevelt with 59% and 40% respectively.

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as Cecil Lyons of Texas and Pearl Wright of Louisiana, and avoid the possibility that loyalty would evaporate if job-seekers came to believe that Taft could not be re-elected. The Taft forces in the South were organized rapidly by

988:'s government. Roosevelt's editorial criticisms became more strident, though he privately admonished his son, who was becoming active in progressive politics, not to openly endorse a challenger. "My present intention," he wrote to 655:

Still in Africa, Roosevelt declined to publicly comment but privately wrote Pinchot, "I cannot believe it. I do not know any man in public life who has rendered quite the service you have rendered." Separately, he wrote to Senator

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The first presidential preference primary was held in North Dakota on March 19. The North Dakota campaign was unique in that Roosevelt faced La Follette without Taft in the race. The state's progressive organization under Senator

537:

wrote, "No foreign ruler or man of eminence could have aroused more universal attention, received a warmer welcome, or achieved greater popularity among every class of society." He returned to the United States on June 18, 1910.

1727:, "From the first of April until June, he waged one of the most strenuous campaigns in American political history." The results were evident; he nearly swept the remaining primaries and drew close to Taft before the convention. 1675:

in the audience, Roosevelt framed his speech around the subject of boss rule. He received a standing ovation for declaring, "I prefer to govern myself, to do my own part, rather than have the government of a particular class."

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Roosevelt, Theodore. "Roosevelt Delegates, Taft Delegates, Stolen Delegates. (June 17, 1912)." June 17, 1912 - Roosevelt Delegates, Taft Delegates, Stolen Delegates. | Chicago Tribune Archive. N.p., 17 June 1912. Web. 21 Feb.

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life-threatening operation to his daughter, devolved into a harangue of the newspapermen. His gave a confused speech in which he repeated himself constantly over the course of one hour. The next day the Pinchots, Flinn,

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served as Roosevelt's floor manager at the convention. Hadley made a motion for 74 of Taft's delegates to be replaced by 72 delegates after the reading of the convention call, but his motion was ruled out of order.

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allying with the Democrats. Twelve Republican representatives refused to vote for Cannon in the 1909 speaker election. Cannon removed his opponents from committee posts and Taft declined to object to these actions.

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turmoil as progressives attacked Roosevelt for supporting Taft and the tariff while conservatives attacked him as using the state's gubernatorial election as a stepping stone to a presidential campaign in 1912.

5685: 5675: 5670: 5665: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5752: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5719: 5714: 5709: 973:. In June, the two men made their final public appearance together in Baltimore; after Roosevelt denied subsequent reports that he had promised to support Taft in 1912, they did not speak for several years. 646:

Immediately after his Spokane speech, Pinchot took his case directly to Taft, claiming that waterpower interests had begun an immense land grab in Montana. Soon after, Pinchot and regional forestry official

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and nominated him as an independent candidate for president which Roosevelt accepted although he requested a formal convention. Roosevelt initially considered not running as a third-party candidate until

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from their positions as committee chairs. This produced a progressive backlash and progressives organized candidates to primary Republican incumbents who supported Cannon and the Payne-Aldrich tariff.

1539:, and Stubbs. These four governors had been urging him to run for the presidency, but the idea was almost abandoned when it was leaked. However, he continued with the idea after governors Osborn and 1004:. He testified that his acquiescence to the merger had been necessary to halt the financial panic and generally acquitted himself well in the hearing, receiving praise even from the Democratic 476: 3209:

ruled in favor of Taft for 233 of the delegate cases while 6 were in favor of Roosevelt. The committee reinvestigated 92 of the contested delegates and ruled in favor of Taft for all of them.

1580:, and other La Follette supporters abandoned him for Roosevelt. A rumor spread that La Follette withdrew from the race when in fact he was taking a two-week break due to illness and overwork. 7315: 7294: 1745:

primaries with 179 to 108 for Taft and 36 for La Follette. Due to the fact that just 14 states held primaries, Taft had 428 delegates overall while Roosevelt had 204 and La Follette had 36.

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At the convention, a large number of Roosevelt delegates abstained from voting. For the purposes of the roll call map, their votes are combined with those who cast their vote for Roosevelt.

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On January 21, 1911, the National Progressive Republican League was founded in La Follette's home. Its charter membership boasted eight United States Senators (in addition to La Follette,

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declined entreaties to seek another term in office, keeping to a spontaneous pledge he made upon securing re-election in 1904. His initial choice for a successor was Secretary of State

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showed Roosevelt leading Taft by 300 votes. In April, Poindexter stated that only Roosevelt could win in 1912. In June, the president of Roosevelt Club of St. Paul, with Pinchot and

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In November, Roosevelt returned to the political stage to testify in front of a congressional committee investigating his oversight of the 1907 partial merger of U.S. Steel and the

4339:"10 FROM SOUTH DESERT TAFT FOR ROOSEVELT (June 17, 1912)." June 17, 1912 - 10 FROM SOUTH DESERT TAFT FOR ROOSEVELT | Chicago Tribune Archive. N.p., 17 June 1912. Web. 21 Feb. 2017. 714:. Taft asked Knox to suggest in "certain Senatorial and other quarters" that this was the best time for Cannon to retire on his own volition. In 1910, a proposal by Representative 1687:

Roosevelt supporters harshly criticized the conduct of the primary. In New York City, the election board used a fourteen-foot-long ballot; at least one newspaper compared it to a

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to greatly reduce the power of the speaker was approved by a vote of 191 to 156, with 46 Republicans in support. Cannon did not resign and a motion of dismissal by Representative

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of the southern delegations as every northern state, except for four, voted for McGovern. Hadley was later proposed as a compromise candidate, but that attempt was unsuccessful.

880:, told the press that Roosevelt had begged for the meeting to boost his failing career, Roosevelt was privately incensed and denied the story, annoying Taft in turn. Taft told 9012: 496:, but Root's career as a corporate attorney had rendered him unpalatable to progressives, and he declined to seek the presidency. Instead, Roosevelt endorsed Secretary of War 10269: 9652: 42: 1696:

telegraphed his complaint to Governor Dix, "An apter method of mocking the supposed right of the voter to signify his will at a party primary could not have been devised."

5773: 5768: 418:. Taft's victory at the national convention precipitated a fissure in the Republican Party, with Roosevelt standing for the presidency as the candidate of an independent 9005: 7867: 6498: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6470: 6465: 6460: 6455: 5783: 5778: 7808: 1072:

legislation in Illinois, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Ohio, and South Dakota. Taft supporters were successful in blocking primary legislation in Michigan.

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As part of the 1908 platform, the party pledged itself to "tariff revision," which nearly all observers took to mean a reduction in the record-high rates under the

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Thus, a tone was set for the Southern campaign; conventions would elect a Taft delegation and Roosevelt supporters would elect a competing slate of delegates.

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unaware of the internal disputes as he was surrounded by local leaders and wrote that his tour achieved everything he wanted in a letter to Secretary of State

7770: 5861: 5851: 5846: 5841: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5573: 3220:, a supporter of Taft, was selected to chair the convention after winning 558 votes against McGovern's 501 votes. Root was accused of having won through the 4387: 500:. With Roosevelt's support and steadfast refusal to accept the nomination himself, Taft easily won the Republican nomination and the general election over 89: 10233: 61: 1656: 484:. Instead, he spent the first years of his successor's term touring East Africa and Europe. He is pictured here with a hunting trophy in December 1909. 1083:, and electing a competing slate of delegates. This created a large number of delegate credential contests to be resolved at the national convention. 7386: 2617: 1762:

of Ohio on May 21. One week later, Roosevelt won New Jersey, 56–41%. The primary season wrapped up with South Dakota, where Roosevelt won with 55%.

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what we can with Taft, face probable defeat in 1912, and then endeavor to reorganize under really capable and sanely progressive leadership."

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Follette supporters, including the Pinchots and Flinn, secretly contributed to Roosevelt while still campaigning for La Follette in January.

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At the end of the selection process, 254 delegates were in dispute between Roosevelt and Taft. These numbers reflect the undisputed totals.

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support in the East, as that candidate. Roosevelt made his first public criticism of Taft administration policy in a spring editorial for

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sheets, or election officials were lacking such that no primary was held at all. On primary day, Roosevelt's New York campaign manager

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laws in as many states as possible, believing that the existing convention system would be impassibly dominated by the conservatives.

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Through the spring of 1910, as Roosevelt made his return from Europe, Congress held hearings into Taft's handling of the controversy.

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to get the right type of good citizenship, and, to get it, we must have progress, and our public men must be genuinely progressive.

581:, both members of the progressive faction, led the opposition to the tariff legislation in the U.S. Senate. Taft, who studied under 10243: 10075: 10070: 9812: 7418: 7414: 7410: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6376: 1845: 1559: 1051:

Roosevelt supporters criticized the allocation of a large amount of delegates to the South as essentially amounting to a system of

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for insubordination in 1910 triggered criticism from progressives. Pinchot immediately lobbied Roosevelt to challenge Taft in 1912.

481: 471: 407: 10065: 9274: 9119: 8671: 7919: 6359: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 3257: 2997: 2729: 1495:, and others refusing to support him. Cummins believed that La Follette would not receive more than 200 votes at the convention. 1159: 723: 419: 819:. Speaking in Denver on August 29, Roosevelt delivered one of his first political speeches since leaving office, denouncing the 10203: 10183: 9958: 9707: 1515:

and consulted with political allies through January on whether or not he should enter the race. In December, governors Stubbs,

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The result was a landslide for Taft, with those able to vote turning out two-to-one for the President. In Roosevelt's native

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in attendance, predicted the formation of a new political party under the leadership of Roosevelt, Pinchot, and Garfield.

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In advance of the New York convention, Roosevelt embarked on a western tour, ostensibly as an independent commentator for

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After losing his home state of New York, Roosevelt personally entered the campaign on April 1. According to historian

445:, a fellow progressive who entered the race early. However, President Taft was equally dominant under the traditional 10110: 9902: 9384: 8737: 8701: 7143: 5095: 4901: 4424:"Plenty of Work For National Committee: Republican Rump Convention in Florida is the Starter; Advantage is With Taft" 3344: 3236:, and Root opposed it as losing the convention would result in the destruction of the Old Guard's political machine. 1468:

endorse Taft for reelection at its 1910 convention, but it failed while delegates cheered at a picture of Roosevelt.

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some saw the defeat of the Republican ticket in New York as a personal rebuke of Roosevelt. Republicans lost several

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Pinchot took the case public in an open letter to Dolliver, after which Taft promptly fired him for insubordination.

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On August 5, 1909, Cannon announced the selection for the permanent committees. This selection removed progressives

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and European tour which kept him overseas into 1910, at least in part to give Taft latitude to operate politically.

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Ganoe, John T. (September 1934), "Some Constitutional and Political Aspects of the Ballinger–Pinchot Controversy",

2799: 2674: 958: 921: 876:. Taft reiterated his willingness to support Roosevelt's bid for convention chair. However, when Taft's secretary, 515:

brought him international as well as domestic prestige. He was fêted at the leading European courts, accepted the

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a.k.a. "winner-take-all" rule, requiring that all delegates vote in accordance with the majority of their state

4830:"TAFT 566 - ROOSEVELT 466. - Present Line-Up of Instructed and Pledged Delegates With All the Contests Decided" 1244: 1137: 981: 403: 46: 1018:

speaking more openly about his willingness to challenge Taft. The response won praise on Wall Street, and the

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had devolved into a prolonged struggle over rates and, though Congress eventually passed a compromise bill,

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were selected through a series of primaries, caucuses, and conventions to determine the party's nominee for

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Nevertheless, the Department of Justice opened an antitrust case against U.S. Steel, with Attorney General

735: 612:, a progressive and close advisor to Roosevelt. He was replaced by commissioner of the General Land Office 1562:

devolved into anarchy; the local committee chair attempted a stampede for Roosevelt, complete with men in

1531:

On January 12, Roosevelt considered launching his campaign by replying to a joint letter of invitation by

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President Taft's first major victory came in New York's primary on March 26. Just before the vote, the

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Released for Publication: Some Inside Political History of Theodore Roosevelt and His Times, 1898–1918

453:

power could be leveraged in his favor and party bosses were able to maneuver delegations towards him.

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La Follette announced his campaign on June 17, 1911. His campaign was financially backed by Pinchot,

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The campaign for New York opened the night after the North Dakota primary, when Roosevelt spoke at

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Roosevelt attributed his loss to Democrats who voted for La Follette to embarrass his candidacy.

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political cartoon portrays a diminutive La Follette as the heavy underdog against President Taft.

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democracy". The next day, the convention nominated Roosevelt's preferred candidate for governor,

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In February 1910, a poll of Republican newspaper editors west of the Allegheny Mountains by the

869:

for convention president, an implicit endorsement of the administration against the insurgents.

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supported by Roosevelt and his allies, and the primaries were largely dominated by Roosevelt or

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Republican politics in New York were divided between factions under the leadership of Governor

501: 3334: 1511:; he again refused to run, but privately, his will had begun to waver. He declined to issue a 10115: 9887: 9842: 8327: 7577: 7193: 5936: 3090: 1812: 1693: 1680:

p.m., except in New York City, where polls did not open until 3 p.m. Votes were collected by

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Ballinger's chief critic was his own subordinate, head of the United States Forestry Service

582: 574: 442: 215: 523:, and delivered a series of lectures at leading European institutions, including his famous 10145: 10135: 9404: 9399: 9389: 9239: 9234: 9143: 9125: 9113: 9101: 9089: 9083: 8303: 8283: 8107: 8103: 8057: 5112:

The Bully Pulpit: Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and the Golden Age of Journalism

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The presidential nomination was decided by a simple majority vote of the delegates to the

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Nash, Howard P. (1959). "Chapter Nine: Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Movement".

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In the fall, Roosevelt campaigned for both progressive and conservative Republicans. The

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Roosevelt won ten statewide delegates and six district delegates elected simultaneously.

2616:

Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the

992:, "is to make a couple of speeches for Taft, but not to go actively into the campaign." 825:

decision and accusing the Supreme Court of favoring corporations over "popular rights."

10130: 9995: 9424: 9364: 9254: 9149: 9131: 9107: 9029: 8874: 8856: 8053: 8044: 7966: 7855: 7850: 7840: 7616: 7572: 7492: 7460: 5540: 5515: 5504:"The Gamble for Power: Theodore Roosevelt's Decision to Run for the Presidency in 1912" 5490: 5482: 5450: 5442: 5409: 5381: 5373: 5331: 5298: 5279: 5248: 5221: 5191: 5135: 5002: 3484: 3229: 3158: 2926: 2911: 1805: 1668: 1229: 905: 833: 800: 792: 772:

as governor of California, La Follette defeated his conservative primary opponent, and

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Roosevelt had been elected Vice President in 1900, become President in 1901 upon the

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Conservative and pro-Taft incumbents suffered multiple losses in the 1910 elections.

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a more substantial equality of opportunity and of reward for equally good service."

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Delegate selections began as early as January 23, when the district convention for

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soon after if he was a candidate for president, Roosevelt replied, "I don't know."

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The Democratic Party ultimately repealed their unit rule at the 1912 convention.

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The remainder of the Texas delegates were contested between Roosevelt and Taft.

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Taft faction of having over 200 fraudulently selected delegates. However, the

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1912: Wilson, Roosevelt, Taft, and Debs—The Election That Changed the Country

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For the first time, a large number of delegates were selected through direct

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reported that Taft had won 134 out of the 170 delegates chosen nationwide.

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One of the cabinet secretaries not retained by the Taft administration was

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offered their financial support. Roosevelt and his supporters formed the

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Backstage in 1912: The Inside Story of the Split Republican Convention

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and other conservative Republicans considered Hadley's candidacy, but

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Parties and Elections in America: The Electoral Process Fifth Edition

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All four Florida delegates were contested between Roosevelt and Taft.

4931:

All four Florida delegates were contested between Roosevelt and Taft.

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and would feel "in honor bound" if it came from the "plain people."

1487:). He was unable to coalesce the progressive movement with Governor 976:

Through the year, Taft's popularity sagged further. His efforts for

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The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science

5467:"The Operation of the State-Wide Direct Primary in New York State" 5272:

Power and Responsibility: The Life and Times of Theodore Roosevelt

5184:

Conservatives in the Progressive Era: The Taft Republicans of 1912

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and Johnson was selected as his vice-presidential running mate.

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on August 31. The speech was drafted with advice from Pinchot,

779: 573:, which reduced rates on some imports but raised them on most. 446: 1048:

A total of 1,078 delegates were allocated for the convention.

5147:

Political Parties In American History, Volume 3, 1890-present

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that he and Roosevelt had reached "the parting of the ways."

480:

President Theodore Roosevelt declined to seek re-election in

5529:"The Making of a President—1912: The Northern Negroes' View" 5134:(1946). "Chapter Eight: Old Friends are Friends No Longer". 3727: 3725: 3723: 3505: 3503: 3501: 3499: 3497: 1627: 1617:

committed to La Follette in 1911. The conservatives, led by

5514:(3, Reassessments of Presidents and First Ladies): 633–47. 5164:. Washington, D.C.: Public Affairs Press. pp. 242–267. 4299: 4297: 4295: 4293: 4291: 4289: 4287: 4243: 4241: 4159: 4157: 4155: 4153: 4104: 4102: 4026: 4024: 4022: 3985: 3983: 3970: 3968: 3966: 3953: 3951: 3794: 3792: 3790: 3788: 3689: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3681: 3679: 2459: 1405: 1389: 1153: 623:

Taft's decision to fire Chief of the U.S. Forestry Service

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The Roosevelt organization, especially in the South, was

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January: Delegate elections begin and LaFollette declines

1419: 1362: 1301: 1184: 4904:, and been re-elected to a full term of his own in 1904. 4616: 4614: 4612: 4610: 4608: 4606: 4604: 4602: 4600: 4581: 4579: 4577: 4575: 4573: 4571: 4569: 4567: 4565: 4563: 4523: 4521: 4363: 4361: 4359: 4357: 4355: 4284: 4238: 4150: 4126: 4099: 4087: 4019: 3980: 3963: 3948: 3936: 3840: 3785: 3749: 3737: 3676: 3664: 722:

failed. Cannon was replaced in Republican leadership by

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List of candidates by number of primary votes received

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that he may have been mistaken in defending Aldrich.

163:

1,074 delegates to the Republican National Convention

10270:

1912 United States Republican presidential primaries

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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 5297: 5109: 4756: 4495: 4422: 4380: 3371: 3359: 3314: 2777:, former Chief of the United States Forest Service 2661:, former Chief of the United States Forest Service 1523:announced their support for a Roosevelt campaign. 398:From January 23 to June 4, 1912, delegates to the 5583:United States presidential primaries and caucuses 4805: 4036: 3568: 3005:, former prosecutor from San Francisco and Oregon 852: 16:Selection of Republican US presidential candidate 10261: 597: 363: 7551:(incumbent; nominated but died before election) 5137:Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Movement 5057:Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Movement 4751: 4749: 4747: 4745: 4743: 4741: 4739: 4737: 4735: 1714: 828:His trip culminated in a speech calling for a " 58:"1912 Republican Party presidential primaries" 7802: 7394: 5567: 4958:Primary held, but vote figures are not known. 1201: 465: 7348:Graduated Random Presidential Primary System 4732: 3270:1912 Democratic Party presidential primaries 780:Roosevelt's western trip and New Nationalism 726:as Minority Leader after the 1910 election. 122:1912 Republican Party presidential primaries 10061:National Republican Congressional Committee 5326:. Vol. II. New York. pp. 765–814. 5140:. New York: Hill and Wang. pp. 220–55. 5004:The Vital South: How Presidents Are Elected 1748: 940: 894:Republican Congressional Campaign Committee 10151:High School Republican National Federation 7809: 7795: 7401: 7387: 5574: 5560: 5336:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5284:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5253:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5226:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5196:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4993: 4013: 1739: 5461: 5324:The Life and Times of William Howard Taft 5235: 4887: 4885: 3074:, former U.S. Representative from Indiana 1628:March 26: New York, Colorado, and Indiana 1607: 1287: 1002:Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company 995: 109:Learn how and when to remove this message 10244:Timeline of modern American conservatism 10076:Republican Attorneys General Association 10071:National Republican Senatorial Committee 7415:1912 United States presidential election 5896:Conservative Political Action Conference 5269: 5263: 5181: 4976: 4974: 4763:The Bowling Green Daily Sentinel-Tribune 3068:, U.S. Representative from Massachusetts 3036:List of William Howard Taft endorsements 2901:, former Lieutenant Governor of New York 1718: 1440: 748:and the Payne-Aldrich tariff. Historian 618: 475: 472:1908 United States presidential election 449:and convention systems, where executive 318: 10066:National Republican Redistricting Trust 7651: 7607: 7527: 5526: 5351: 5318: 5104: 4506:. Ishpeming, Mi. 26 Mar 1912. p. 2 4315: 4278: 3882: 3858: 3731: 3533: 3521: 3509: 3389: 2998:Pennsylvania Republican State Committee 2765:, former U.S. Secretary of the Interior 2752:List of Theodore Roosevelt endorsements 2730:Pennsylvania Republican State Committee 2652:, former U.S. Secretary of the Interior 2638:List of Robert La Follette endorsements 1765: 1436: 1350: 1121: 982:the parallel debate north of the border 679: 546: 10262: 10184:Republican National Coalition for Life 5501: 5354:"The Direct Primary in New York State" 5292: 5144: 4882: 4856: 4799: 4787: 4775: 4726: 4714: 4702: 4683: 4668: 4656: 4644: 4620: 4591: 4527: 4449: 4367: 4303: 4247: 4163: 4120: 4108: 3989: 3974: 3957: 3930: 3906: 3834: 3822: 3810: 3798: 3779: 3755: 3693: 3336:Guide to U.S. Elections - Google Books 3308: 1043: 926:United States House of Representatives 10126:Republican National Hispanic Assembly 7790: 7686: 7382: 5555: 5527:Strange, Douglas C. (November 1968). 5421:Kraig, Robert Alexander (Fall 2000). 5420: 5402:The Southwestern Historical Quarterly 5392: 5358:The American Political Science Review 5211: 5168: 5130: 5080: 5050: 4971: 4632: 4539: 4409: 4327: 4259: 4232: 4220: 4199: 4187: 4175: 4144: 4132: 4093: 4081: 4069: 4057: 4045: 4030: 4001: 3942: 3918: 3894: 3870: 3846: 3767: 3743: 3714: 3670: 3658: 3646: 3634: 3622: 3610: 3598: 3586: 3574: 3562: 3545: 3466: 3460: 3454: 3437: 3425: 3413: 3401: 3377: 3365: 3320: 3291: 3011:, attorney, activist, and brother of 2740:, attorney, activist, and brother of 1560:Oklahoma's 4th congressional district 488:In 1908, popular incumbent president 7816: 7342:California Democratic Party v. Jones 5157: 4816: 3332: 3148:, former Lieutenant Governor of Ohio 2596: 1062: 47:adding citations to reliable sources 18: 5473:. 106, The Direct Primary: 142–47. 3243:supporters of Roosevelt met in the 3163:New York Republican State Committee 2839:, U.S. Representative from Nebraska 2771:, former U.S. Secretary of the Navy 2745:(switched endorsement to Roosevelt) 2733:(switched endorsement to Roosevelt) 2714:(switched endorsement to Roosevelt) 2695:(switched endorsement to Roosevelt) 2693:, U.S. Representative from Nebraska 2679:(switched endorsement to Roosevelt) 2663:(switched endorsement to Roosevelt) 2654:(switched endorsement to Roosevelt) 1641:Both Roosevelt and former governor 1217: 1107: 1057:1908 Republican National Convention 1038:1912 Republican National Convention 904:, by a large margin. When asked by 757:. Taft later told Attorney General 400:1912 Republican National Convention 329:First place by convention roll call 13: 10169:Republican Main Street Partnership 5205: 5161:Third Parties in American Politics 5069: 2790:, former U.S. Senator from Indiana 1571:February: The South solid for Taft 1507:of Michigan, visited Roosevelt at 933:, including to Democratic nominee 912:Democratic landslide and aftermath 319:First place by first-instance vote 14: 10281: 10111:Congressional Hispanic Conference 5502:Pavord, Andrew C. (Summer 1996). 5029:Presidential Elections: 1789-1996 4902:assassination of William McKinley 4758:"Review of Week's Political Game" 3193:, U.S. Senator from Massachusetts 3049:, U.S. Senator from Massachusetts 2833:, U.S. Representative from Kansas 1414: 1411: 1357: 1296: 729: 519:in Oslo for his mediation of the 414:was chosen over former president 10081:Republican Governors Association 8620:2020 (Charlotte/other locations) 7358:Rotating Regional Primary System 5270:Harbaugh, William Henry (1961). 5243:. Philadelphia. pp. 80–185. 5090:. New York: Simon and Schuster. 4822: 3055:, U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania 3029:, millionaire furniture retailer 2924:O.K. Davis, former reporter for 2601: 1483:, and Rudolph Spreckels (son of 1464:An attempt was made to have the 1398: 1378: 1337: 1317: 1253: 1234: 1146: 1127: 776:was elected to the U.S. Senate. 323: 313: 191: 184: 177: 128: 23: 4961: 4952: 4943: 4934: 4925: 4916: 4907: 4488: 4415: 4373: 4342: 4333: 2757:U.S. Executive Branch officials 2643:U.S. Executive Branch officials 2592: 1792:Delegates won and popular vote 422:, and the election of Democrat 34:needs additional citations for 10174:Republican Majority for Choice 10002:Steering and Policy Committees 5508:Presidential Studies Quarterly 4987: 4894: 4873: 3326: 2802:, U.S. Senator from Washington 2677:, U.S. Senator from Washington 1543:also announced their support. 1245:President of the United States 1138:President of the United States 1024:suggested Roosevelt could be " 978:tariff reciprocity with Canada 853:Schism and New York convention 541: 426:over the divided Republicans. 1: 10239:International Democracy Union 5062:University of Wisconsin Press 3469:The Pacific Historical Review 3275: 3207:Republican National Committee 3199: 3184:, U.S. Senator from Iowa and 2814:, U.S. Senator from Minnesota 1086: 1028:'s candidate for President." 604:Pinchot-Ballinger controversy 598:Pinchot-Ballinger controversy 511:Roosevelt's return trip from 460: 5274:. New York. pp. 412–36. 5182:Wilensky, Norman N. (1965). 4555:Congressional Quarterly 1997 4483:Congressional Quarterly 1997 3333:Kalb, Deborah (2016-02-19). 1715:April 9–19: Roosevelt surges 1657:good government organization 1031: 984:resulted in the collapse of 892:, against whom Taft and the 736:1910 United States elections 7: 10121:Republican Jewish Coalition 10036:Republican Governance Group 5427:Rhetoric and Public Affairs 5352:Feldman, H. (August 1917). 5345: 5216:. Boston. pp. 292–313. 4497:"Twelfth Michigan for Taft" 3263: 2858:, Governor of West Virginia 2852:, Governor of New Hampshire 2820:, U.S. Senator from Montana 1431: 872:Roosevelt met with Taft in 712:62nd United States Congress 590:we would revise the tariff 437:. Primary elections were a 433:rather than local or state 368:Previous Republican nominee 10: 10286: 10041:Republican Study Committee 7363:Interregional Primary Plan 5479:10.1177/000271622310600116 5212:Davis, Oscar King (1925). 3135:, Governor of Rhode Island 3117:, Governor of Pennsylvania 2808:, U.S. Senator from Kansas 1202:Withdrew during convention 1091: 733: 601: 561:of 1898. Instead, Senator 550: 469: 466:1908 presidential election 343: Roosevelt/Not Voting 146:January 23 to June 4, 1912 10216: 10179:Republican Liberty Caucus 10159: 10089: 10051: 9982: 9971: 9926: 9665: 9651: 9591: 9222: 9213: 9004: 8807: 8670: 7866: 7826: 7762: 7729: 7700: 7682: 7640: 7590: 7565: 7510: 7470: 7443: 7426: 7333: 7270: 7234: 7191: 7141: 7132: 7082: 7004: 6776: 6516: 6507: 6440: 6415: 6369: 6331: 6290: 6132: 5974: 5960: 5924: 5886: 5792: 5761: 5694: 5632: 5589: 4503:The Philadelphia Inquirer 3097:Phillips Lee Goldsborough 2935:, founding editor of the 2796:, U.S. Senator from Idaho 2566: 2215: 1998: 1791: 1784: 1779: 1772: 1208: 1098: 971:international arbitration 924:gained a majority in the 744:to defend Representative 668:Pinchot met Roosevelt at 565:and Speaker of the House 525:"man in the arena" speech 361: 309: 169: 161: 138: 126: 9949:Northern Mariana Islands 5633:National opinion polling 5175:Rowman & Littlefield 5074: 5009:Harvard University Press 4866: 4765:. 4 Mar 1912. p. 1. 4391:. 25 Jan 1912. p. 1 3250:George Walbridge Perkins 3105:, Governor of Washington 3066:Augustus Peabody Gardner 3018:George Walbridge Perkins 2870:, Governor of California 1749:Post-primary maneuvering 1466:Republican Party of Iowa 941:Pre-campaign maneuvering 354: 348: 341: 335: 5232:(Roosevelt perspective) 5169:Wayne, Stephen (2008). 5034:Congressional Quarterly 4431:. 7 Feb 1912. p. 3 3111:, Governor of Tennessee 3093:, Governor of Minnesota 2876:, Governor of Wisconsin 1740:April 30: Massachusetts 1276:Defeated at convention: 931:gubernatorial elections 795:, August 31, 1910, 165:538 votes needed to win 10031:Problem Solvers Caucus 7556:Nicholas Murray Butler 5947:South Carolina primary 5533:Negro History Bulletin 5116:. Simon and Schuster. 4014:Black & Black 1992 3245:Chicago Orchestra Hall 3129:, Governor of Delaware 3099:, Governor of Maryland 2882:, Governor of Michigan 2864:, Governor of Missouri 2763:James Rudolph Garfield 2650:James Rudolph Garfield 2612:is missing information 1788:and total popular vote 1728: 1608:March 19: North Dakota 1459:James Rudolph Garfield 1450: 996:U.S. Steel prosecution 874:New Haven, Connecticut 789: 740:Taft gave a speech in 628: 502:William Jennings Bryan 485: 410:. Incumbent president 10116:Log Cabin Republicans 7731:Socialist Labor Party 7578:Robert M. La Follette 5937:New Hampshire primary 5695:State opinion polling 5439:10.1353/rap.2010.0042 5264:Candidate biographies 5145:Murphy, Paul (1974). 5106:Goodwin, Doris Kearns 4429:The Indianapolis News 3091:Adolph Olson Eberhart 2916:Manhattan Nationalist 2571:388 pledged delegates 1813:Robert M. La Follette 1722: 1694:Charles Holland Duell 1541:Chester Hardy Aldrich 1481:Charles Richard Crane 1444: 1313:Robert M. La Follette 1212:Most recent position 1102:Most recent position 784: 622: 583:William Graham Sumner 575:Robert M. La Follette 479: 443:Robert M. La Follette 216:Robert M. La Follette 10146:Republicans Overseas 10136:Teen Age Republicans 9939:District of Columbia 8340:1964 (San Francisco) 8300:1956 (San Francisco) 7836:National Union Party 7767:Other 1912 elections 5026:Evans, Gary (1997). 3060:U.S. Representatives 2920:Topeka State Journal 2888:, Governor of Kansas 2856:William E. Glasscock 2825:U.S. Representatives 2684:U.S. Representatives 1766:Schedule and results 1643:Charles Evans Hughes 1621:, backed Roosevelt. 1521:William E. Glasscock 1437:Pre-primary campaign 1284:(ran as Progressive) 859:Charles Evans Hughes 759:George W. Wickersham 680:Joseph Gurney Cannon 579:Jonathan P. Dolliver 571:Payne-Aldrich tariff 567:Joseph Gurney Cannon 553:Payne-Aldrich tariff 547:Payne-Aldrich tariff 521:Treaty of Portsmouth 242:Delegate count 43:improve this article 10099:College Republicans 8520:2000 (Philadelphia) 8260:1948 (Philadelphia) 8220:1940 (Philadelphia) 8037:1900 (Philadelphia) 7946:1872 (Philadelphia) 7894:1856 (Philadelphia) 7846:Fourth Party System 7537:William Howard Taft 5151:G. P. Putnam's Sons 4135:, pp. 201–202. 4096:, pp. 185–186. 4033:, pp. 109–110. 3945:, pp. 172–173. 3849:, pp. 153–154. 3746:, pp. 134–135. 3673:, pp. 128–129. 3171:Declined to endorse 3140:Statewide officials 3127:Simeon S. Pennewill 3020:, business aide to 2978:William Allen White 2957:, publisher of the 2946:, publisher of the 2914:, publisher of the 2893:Statewide officials 2874:Francis E. McGovern 2800:Jonathan Bourne Jr. 2709:, publisher of the 2675:Jonathan Bourne Jr. 2614:about endorsements. 1673:Timothy L. Woodruff 1586:William B. McKinley 1493:Albert J. Beveridge 1165:Secured nomination: 1123:William Howard Taft 1044:Delegate allocation 959:Jonathan Bourne Jr. 863:Timothy L. Woodruff 838:William Allen White 822:Lochner v. New York 694:Augustus P. Gardner 663:roar in East Africa 569:worked to pass the 498:William Howard Taft 412:William Howard Taft 385:William Howard Taft 373:William Howard Taft 205:William Howard Taft 123: 10131:Republicans Abroad 9996:Legislative Digest 8460:1988 (New Orleans) 8400:1976 (Kansas City) 8380:1972 (Miami Beach) 8360:1968 (Miami Beach) 8160:1928 (Kansas City) 8024:1896 (Saint Louis) 8011:1892 (Minneapolis) 7856:Sixth Party System 7851:Fifth Party System 7841:Third Party System 7617:Theodore Roosevelt 7573:Theodore Roosevelt 7493:Thomas R. Marshall 7461:Thomas R. Marshall 7261:1900 • 1904 • 1908 6416:Constitution Party 5793:Debates and forums 5590:Election timelines 5259:(Taft perspective) 4388:The Choctaw Herald 4318:, pp. 496–97. 4306:, pp. 179–83. 4250:, pp. 168–70. 4235:, pp. 226–27. 4223:, pp. 226–28. 4166:, pp. 163–66. 4111:, pp. 152–54. 3992:, pp. 149–52. 3977:, pp. 143–45. 3960:, pp. 136–37. 3885:, pp. 651–52. 3801:, pp. 113–16. 3758:, pp. 94–100. 3734:, pp. 643–46. 3696:, pp. 106–09. 3536:, pp. 607–09. 3512:, pp. 607–14. 3230:William Barnes Jr. 3161:, chairman of the 3159:William Barnes Jr. 3123:, Governor of Utah 3087:, Governor of Iowa 2996:, chairman of the 2927:The New York Times 2912:Henry Justin Allen 2728:, chairman of the 1975:Michigan 12th 1806:Theodore Roosevelt 1729: 1669:William Barnes Jr. 1451: 1445:A January 6, 1912 1388:U.S. Senator from 1327:U.S. Senator from 1230:Theodore Roosevelt 906:Ray Stannard Baker 834:Osawatomie, Kansas 801:Osawatomie, Kansas 793:Theodore Roosevelt 720:Albert S. Burleson 698:Henry Allen Cooper 629: 490:Theodore Roosevelt 486: 439:progressive reform 416:Theodore Roosevelt 380:Republican nominee 274:Popular vote 256:Contests won 211:Theodore Roosevelt 121: 10257: 10256: 10212: 10211: 10141:Young Republicans 10009:Senate Conference 9967: 9966: 9647: 9646: 7959:1876 (Cincinnati) 7784: 7783: 7758: 7757: 7702:Prohibition Party 7678: 7677: 7636: 7635: 7593:Progressive Party 7586: 7585: 7506: 7505: 7376: 7375: 7329: 7328: 7325: 7324: 7272:Progressive Party 7006:Libertarian Party 6441:Results breakdown 6436: 6435: 6291:Libertarian Party 5866:Libertarian Party 5463:Overacker, Louise 5320:Pringle, Henry F. 5311:978-0-375-50487-7 5300:Colonel Roosevelt 5237:Rosewater, Victor 5123:978-1-416-54786-0 3717:, pp. 55–61. 3661:, pp. 72–73. 3649:, pp. 69–70. 3625:, pp. 91–93. 3613:, pp. 88–89. 3601:, pp. 67–68. 3589:, pp. 40–44. 3565:, pp. 14–17. 3457:, pp. 31–34. 3416:, pp. 49–50. 3258:Progressive Party 3240:Warren G. Harding 3213:Herbert S. Hadley 3191:Henry Cabot Lodge 2938:Manchester Leader 2862:Herbert S. Hadley 2806:Joseph L. Bristow 2635: 2634: 2587: 2586: 2220: 1846:Oklahoma 4th 1537:Herbert S. Hadley 1429: 1428: 1374:Albert B. Cummins 1355: 1293: 1285: 1199: 1198: 1177: 1063:Selection process 1015:George Wickersham 951:Joseph L. Bristow 878:Charles D. Norton 755:Philander C. Knox 742:Winona, Minnesota 724:James Robert Mann 690:Charles N. Fowler 658:Henry Cabot Lodge 614:Richard Ballinger 610:James R. Garfield 517:Nobel Peace Prize 506:an African safari 435:party conventions 431:primary elections 420:Progressive Party 396: 395: 392: 391: 350: La Follette 305: 304: 157: 156: 119: 118: 111: 93: 10277: 10014:Policy Committee 9990:House Conference 9980: 9979: 9663: 9662: 9220: 9219: 8640:2024 (Milwaukee) 8600:2016 (Cleveland) 8500:1996 (San Diego) 8200:1936 (Cleveland) 8140:1924 (Cleveland) 7920:1864 (Baltimore) 7820: 7819:Republican Party 7811: 7804: 7797: 7788: 7787: 7741:Arthur E. Reimer 7720:Aaron S. Watkins 7712:Eugene W. Chafin 7684: 7683: 7667:Vice President: 7649: 7648: 7625:Vice President: 7605: 7604: 7566:Other candidates 7548:James S. Sherman 7525: 7524: 7513:Republican Party 7471:Other candidates 7459:Vice President: 7441: 7440: 7429:Democratic Party 7403: 7396: 7389: 7380: 7379: 7368:National Primary 7139: 7138: 6778:Republican Party 6518:Democratic Party 6514: 6513: 6475:Republican Party 6452:Democratic Party 6134:Republican Party 5976:Democratic Party 5972: 5971: 5837:Republican Party 5800:Democratic Party 5729:Republican Party 5701:Democratic Party 5662:Republican Party 5639:Democratic Party 5576: 5569: 5562: 5553: 5552: 5548: 5523: 5498: 5458: 5417: 5389: 5341: 5335: 5327: 5315: 5304:. Random House. 5303: 5289: 5283: 5275: 5258: 5252: 5244: 5231: 5225: 5217: 5201: 5195: 5187: 5178: 5165: 5154: 5141: 5132:Mowry, George E. 5127: 5115: 5101: 5065: 5047: 5022: 4981: 4978: 4969: 4965: 4959: 4956: 4950: 4947: 4941: 4938: 4932: 4929: 4923: 4920: 4914: 4911: 4905: 4898: 4892: 4889: 4880: 4877: 4860: 4854: 4848: 4847: 4845: 4844: 4834: 4826: 4820: 4814: 4803: 4797: 4791: 4785: 4779: 4773: 4767: 4766: 4760: 4753: 4730: 4724: 4718: 4712: 4706: 4700: 4687: 4681: 4672: 4666: 4660: 4654: 4648: 4642: 4636: 4630: 4624: 4618: 4595: 4589: 4558: 4552: 4543: 4537: 4531: 4525: 4516: 4515: 4513: 4511: 4499: 4492: 4486: 4480: 4453: 4447: 4441: 4440: 4438: 4436: 4426: 4419: 4413: 4407: 4401: 4400: 4398: 4396: 4384: 4377: 4371: 4365: 4350: 4346: 4340: 4337: 4331: 4325: 4319: 4313: 4307: 4301: 4282: 4276: 4263: 4257: 4251: 4245: 4236: 4230: 4224: 4218: 4203: 4197: 4191: 4185: 4179: 4173: 4167: 4161: 4148: 4142: 4136: 4130: 4124: 4118: 4112: 4106: 4097: 4091: 4085: 4079: 4073: 4067: 4061: 4055: 4049: 4043: 4034: 4028: 4017: 4011: 4005: 3999: 3993: 3987: 3978: 3972: 3961: 3955: 3946: 3940: 3934: 3928: 3922: 3916: 3910: 3904: 3898: 3892: 3886: 3880: 3874: 3868: 3862: 3856: 3850: 3844: 3838: 3832: 3826: 3820: 3814: 3808: 3802: 3796: 3783: 3777: 3771: 3765: 3759: 3753: 3747: 3741: 3735: 3729: 3718: 3712: 3697: 3691: 3674: 3668: 3662: 3656: 3650: 3644: 3638: 3632: 3626: 3620: 3614: 3608: 3602: 3596: 3590: 3584: 3578: 3572: 3566: 3560: 3549: 3543: 3537: 3531: 3525: 3519: 3513: 3507: 3492: 3491: 3464: 3458: 3452: 3441: 3435: 3429: 3423: 3417: 3411: 3405: 3399: 3393: 3387: 3381: 3375: 3369: 3363: 3357: 3356: 3354: 3353: 3330: 3324: 3318: 3312: 3306: 3295: 3289: 3226:James Eli Watson 3085:Beryl F. Carroll 3072:James Eli Watson 3027:Alexander Revell 3003:Francis J. Heney 2980:, editor of the 2960:Washington Times 2944:Medill McCormick 2899:Timothy Woodruff 2886:Walter R. Stubbs 2837:George W. Norris 2788:Albert Beveridge 2707:Medill McCormick 2691:George W. Norris 2630: 2627: 2621: 2605: 2597: 2575: 2218: 1977: 1848: 1815: 1808: 1801: 1789: 1777: 1770: 1769: 1707:"All I ask is a 1667:. Noticing both 1578:Medill McCormick 1499:the convention. 1489:Walter R. Stubbs 1425: 1421: 1404: 1402: 1401: 1382: 1368: 1364: 1353: 1343: 1341: 1340: 1321: 1307: 1303: 1291: 1283: 1259: 1257: 1256: 1238: 1206: 1205: 1194:James S. Sherman 1190: 1186: 1175: 1152: 1150: 1149: 1131: 1096: 1095: 922:Democratic Party 890:Albert Beveridge 867:James S. Sherman 803: 774:Miles Poindexter 716:George W. Norris 364: 357: 355: 351: 349: 344: 342: 338: 336: 330: 327: 320: 317: 222:Home state 195: 188: 181: 171: 170: 140: 139: 133: 132: 131: 124: 120: 114: 107: 103: 100: 94: 92: 51: 27: 19: 10285: 10284: 10280: 10279: 10278: 10276: 10275: 10274: 10260: 10259: 10258: 10253: 10208: 10161: 10155: 10091: 10085: 10053: 10047: 9974: 9963: 9922: 9658: 9656: 9643: 9592:Chair elections 9587: 9209: 9108:D. B. Henderson 9096:T. J. Henderson 9021: 9018: 9016: 9011: 9007: 9000: 8818: 8815: 8813: 8810: 8803: 8676:administrations 8674: 8666: 8560:2008 (St. Paul) 8540:2004 (New York) 7885: 7882: 7880: 7876: 7873: 7869: 7862: 7822: 7818: 7815: 7785: 7780: 7754: 7749:August Gillhaus 7725: 7696: 7674: 7643:Socialist Party 7632: 7596: 7582: 7561: 7544:Vice President: 7516: 7502: 7488:Oscar Underwood 7466: 7432: 7422: 7407: 7377: 7372: 7321: 7266: 7230: 7194:Greenback Party 7187: 7128: 7078: 7000: 6772: 6509: 6503: 6432: 6411: 6365: 6327: 6286: 6128: 5964: 5956: 5942:Nevada caucuses 5920: 5901:Iowa State Fair 5882: 5788: 5757: 5690: 5628: 5585: 5580: 5394:Gould, Lewis L. 5370:10.2307/1944250 5348: 5329: 5328: 5312: 5277: 5276: 5266: 5246: 5245: 5219: 5218: 5208: 5206:Primary sources 5189: 5188: 5124: 5098: 5077: 5072: 5070:Further reading 5044: 5019: 4990: 4985: 4984: 4979: 4972: 4966: 4962: 4957: 4953: 4948: 4944: 4939: 4935: 4930: 4926: 4921: 4917: 4912: 4908: 4899: 4895: 4890: 4883: 4878: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4863: 4855: 4851: 4842: 4840: 4832: 4828: 4827: 4823: 4815: 4806: 4798: 4794: 4786: 4782: 4774: 4770: 4755: 4754: 4733: 4725: 4721: 4713: 4709: 4701: 4690: 4682: 4675: 4667: 4663: 4655: 4651: 4643: 4639: 4631: 4627: 4619: 4598: 4590: 4561: 4553: 4546: 4538: 4534: 4526: 4519: 4509: 4507: 4494: 4493: 4489: 4481: 4456: 4448: 4444: 4434: 4432: 4421: 4420: 4416: 4408: 4404: 4394: 4392: 4379: 4378: 4374: 4366: 4353: 4347: 4343: 4338: 4334: 4326: 4322: 4314: 4310: 4302: 4285: 4277: 4266: 4258: 4254: 4246: 4239: 4231: 4227: 4219: 4206: 4198: 4194: 4186: 4182: 4174: 4170: 4162: 4151: 4143: 4139: 4131: 4127: 4119: 4115: 4107: 4100: 4092: 4088: 4084:, pp. 174. 4080: 4076: 4068: 4064: 4056: 4052: 4044: 4037: 4029: 4020: 4012: 4008: 4000: 3996: 3988: 3981: 3973: 3964: 3956: 3949: 3941: 3937: 3929: 3925: 3917: 3913: 3905: 3901: 3893: 3889: 3881: 3877: 3869: 3865: 3857: 3853: 3845: 3841: 3833: 3829: 3821: 3817: 3809: 3805: 3797: 3786: 3778: 3774: 3766: 3762: 3754: 3750: 3742: 3738: 3730: 3721: 3713: 3700: 3692: 3677: 3669: 3665: 3657: 3653: 3645: 3641: 3633: 3629: 3621: 3617: 3609: 3605: 3597: 3593: 3585: 3581: 3573: 3569: 3561: 3552: 3544: 3540: 3532: 3528: 3520: 3516: 3508: 3495: 3481:10.2307/3633711 3465: 3461: 3453: 3444: 3436: 3432: 3424: 3420: 3412: 3408: 3400: 3396: 3388: 3384: 3376: 3372: 3364: 3360: 3351: 3349: 3347: 3331: 3327: 3319: 3315: 3307: 3298: 3290: 3283: 3278: 3266: 3222:rotten boroughs 3202: 3197: 3196: 3172: 3168: 3167: 3133:Aram J. Pothier 3047:W. Murray Crane 3037: 3033: 3032: 3013:Gifford Pinchot 2982:Emporia Gazette 2949:Chicago Tribune 2818:Joseph M. Dixon 2775:Gifford Pinchot 2769:Truman Newberry 2753: 2749: 2748: 2742:Gifford Pinchot 2711:Chicago Tribune 2659:Gifford Pinchot 2639: 2631: 2625: 2622: 2615: 2606: 2595: 2589: 2574:2,311,036 votes 2573: 2572: 2570: 2557: 2550: 2543: 2538: 2519: 2512: 2505: 2500: 2481: 2474: 2467: 2462: 2443: 2436: 2429: 2424: 2405: 2398: 2391: 2384: 2351: 2334: 2329: 2324: 2315: 2308: 2291: 2286: 2279: 2272: 2267: 2253: 2248: 2241: 2234: 2229: 2217: 2206: 2199: 2192: 2187: 2168: 2161: 2154: 2149: 2132: 2125: 2118: 2113: 2108: 2087: 2081: 2074: 2056: 2050: 2043: 2027: 2022: 2015: 2008: 1978: 1955: 1948: 1943: 1938: 1909: 1882: 1862: 1855: 1849: 1811: 1804: 1797: 1787: 1786: 1781: 1775: 1774: 1768: 1751: 1742: 1725:George E. Mowry 1717: 1630: 1610: 1573: 1529: 1491:, U.S. Senator 1485:Claus Spreckels 1455:Chicago Tribune 1447:Harper's Weekly 1439: 1434: 1415: 1399: 1397: 1393: 1358: 1352: 1338: 1336: 1332: 1297: 1290: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1254: 1252: 1248: 1204: 1180: 1174: 1166: 1163: 1147: 1145: 1141: 1094: 1089: 1081:rump convention 1065: 1053:rotten boroughs 1046: 1034: 998: 986:Wilfrid Laurier 943: 937:in New Jersey. 914: 855: 830:new nationalism 805: 797:New Nationalism 791: 782: 750:George E. Mowry 746:James A. Tawney 738: 732: 706:Chicago Tribune 682: 633:Gifford Pinchot 625:Gifford Pinchot 606: 600: 555: 549: 544: 474: 468: 463: 387: 382: 375: 370: 362: 353: 352: 347: 346: 345: 340: 339: 334: 333: 332: 331: 328: 321: 310: 164: 162: 134: 129: 127: 115: 104: 98: 95: 52: 50: 40: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 10283: 10273: 10272: 10255: 10254: 10252: 10251: 10246: 10241: 10236: 10231: 10226: 10220: 10218: 10214: 10213: 10210: 10209: 10207: 10206: 10201: 10196: 10194:Liberty Caucus 10191: 10189:ConservAmerica 10186: 10181: 10176: 10171: 10165: 10163: 10157: 10156: 10154: 10153: 10148: 10143: 10138: 10133: 10128: 10123: 10118: 10113: 10108: 10107: 10106: 10095: 10093: 10087: 10086: 10084: 10083: 10078: 10073: 10068: 10063: 10057: 10055: 10049: 10048: 10046: 10045: 10044: 10043: 10038: 10033: 10028: 10026:Freedom Caucus 10018: 10017: 10016: 10006: 10005: 10004: 9999: 9986: 9984: 9977: 9969: 9968: 9965: 9964: 9962: 9961: 9959:Virgin Islands 9956: 9951: 9946: 9941: 9936: 9934:American Samoa 9930: 9928: 9924: 9923: 9921: 9920: 9915: 9910: 9905: 9900: 9895: 9890: 9885: 9880: 9875: 9870: 9868:South Carolina 9865: 9860: 9855: 9850: 9845: 9840: 9835: 9833:North Carolina 9830: 9825: 9820: 9815: 9810: 9805: 9800: 9795: 9790: 9785: 9780: 9775: 9770: 9765: 9760: 9755: 9750: 9745: 9740: 9735: 9730: 9725: 9720: 9715: 9710: 9705: 9700: 9695: 9690: 9685: 9680: 9675: 9669: 9667: 9660: 9649: 9648: 9645: 9644: 9642: 9641: 9636: 9631: 9626: 9621: 9616: 9611: 9606: 9601: 9595: 9593: 9589: 9588: 9586: 9585: 9580: 9575: 9570: 9565: 9560: 9551: 9546: 9541: 9536: 9531: 9526: 9521: 9516: 9511: 9506: 9501: 9492: 9487: 9482: 9477: 9472: 9467: 9462: 9457: 9452: 9447: 9442: 9437: 9432: 9427: 9422: 9417: 9412: 9407: 9402: 9397: 9392: 9387: 9382: 9377: 9372: 9367: 9362: 9357: 9352: 9347: 9342: 9337: 9332: 9327: 9322: 9317: 9312: 9307: 9302: 9297: 9292: 9287: 9282: 9277: 9272: 9267: 9262: 9257: 9252: 9247: 9242: 9237: 9232: 9226: 9224: 9217: 9211: 9210: 9208: 9207: 9201: 9195: 9189: 9183: 9177: 9171: 9165: 9159: 9153: 9147: 9141: 9135: 9129: 9123: 9117: 9111: 9105: 9099: 9093: 9087: 9081: 9075: 9069: 9063: 9057: 9051: 9045: 9039: 9033: 9026: 9024: 9002: 9001: 8999: 8998: 8992: 8986: 8980: 8974: 8968: 8962: 8956: 8950: 8944: 8938: 8932: 8926: 8920: 8914: 8908: 8902: 8896: 8890: 8884: 8878: 8872: 8866: 8860: 8854: 8848: 8842: 8836: 8830: 8823: 8821: 8805: 8804: 8802: 8801: 8795: 8789: 8783: 8777: 8771: 8765: 8759: 8753: 8747: 8741: 8735: 8729: 8723: 8717: 8711: 8705: 8699: 8693: 8687: 8680: 8678: 8668: 8667: 8665: 8664: 8661:2028 (Houston) 8657: 8656: 8655: 8637: 8636: 8635: 8617: 8616: 8615: 8597: 8596: 8595: 8577: 8576: 8575: 8557: 8556: 8555: 8537: 8536: 8535: 8517: 8516: 8515: 8497: 8496: 8495: 8480:1992 (Houston) 8477: 8476: 8475: 8457: 8456: 8455: 8437: 8436: 8435: 8420:1980 (Detroit) 8417: 8416: 8415: 8397: 8396: 8395: 8377: 8376: 8375: 8357: 8356: 8355: 8337: 8336: 8335: 8320:1960 (Chicago) 8317: 8316: 8315: 8297: 8296: 8295: 8280:1952 (Chicago) 8277: 8276: 8275: 8257: 8256: 8255: 8240:1944 (Chicago) 8237: 8236: 8235: 8217: 8216: 8215: 8197: 8196: 8195: 8180:1932 (Chicago) 8177: 8176: 8175: 8157: 8156: 8155: 8137: 8136: 8135: 8120:1920 (Chicago) 8117: 8116: 8115: 8100:1916 (Chicago) 8097: 8096: 8095: 8076:1912 (Chicago) 8073: 8063:1908 (Chicago) 8060: 8050:1904 (Chicago) 8047: 8034: 8021: 8008: 7998:1888 (Chicago) 7995: 7985:1884 (Chicago) 7982: 7972:1880 (Chicago) 7969: 7956: 7943: 7933:1868 (Chicago) 7930: 7917: 7907:1860 (Chicago) 7904: 7890: 7888: 7864: 7863: 7861: 7860: 7859: 7858: 7853: 7848: 7843: 7838: 7827: 7824: 7823: 7814: 7813: 7806: 7799: 7791: 7782: 7781: 7779: 7778: 7773: 7763: 7760: 7759: 7756: 7755: 7753: 7752: 7744: 7735: 7733: 7727: 7726: 7724: 7723: 7715: 7706: 7704: 7698: 7697: 7680: 7679: 7676: 7675: 7673: 7672: 7664: 7661:Eugene V. Debs 7655: 7653: 7646: 7638: 7637: 7634: 7633: 7631: 7630: 7621: 7620: 7611: 7609: 7602: 7588: 7587: 7584: 7583: 7581: 7580: 7575: 7569: 7567: 7563: 7562: 7560: 7559: 7552: 7541: 7531: 7529: 7522: 7508: 7507: 7504: 7503: 7501: 7500: 7495: 7490: 7485: 7480: 7474: 7472: 7468: 7467: 7465: 7464: 7456: 7453:Woodrow Wilson 7447: 7445: 7438: 7424: 7423: 7406: 7405: 7398: 7391: 7383: 7374: 7373: 7371: 7370: 7365: 7360: 7355: 7350: 7345: 7337: 7335: 7331: 7330: 7327: 7326: 7323: 7322: 7320: 7319: 7312: 7305: 7298: 7291: 7284: 7276: 7274: 7268: 7267: 7265: 7264: 7257: 7250: 7242: 7240: 7237:Populist Party 7232: 7231: 7229: 7228: 7221: 7214: 7207: 7199: 7197: 7189: 7188: 7186: 7185: 7178: 7171: 7164: 7157: 7149: 7147: 7136: 7130: 7129: 7127: 7126: 7119: 7114: 7109: 7104: 7099: 7094: 7088: 7086: 7080: 7079: 7077: 7076: 7071: 7066: 7061: 7056: 7051: 7046: 7041: 7036: 7031: 7026: 7021: 7016: 7010: 7008: 7002: 7001: 6999: 6998: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6968: 6963: 6958: 6953: 6948: 6943: 6938: 6933: 6928: 6923: 6918: 6913: 6908: 6903: 6898: 6893: 6888: 6883: 6878: 6873: 6868: 6863: 6858: 6853: 6848: 6843: 6838: 6833: 6828: 6823: 6818: 6813: 6808: 6803: 6798: 6793: 6788: 6782: 6780: 6774: 6773: 6771: 6770: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6743: 6738: 6733: 6728: 6723: 6718: 6713: 6708: 6703: 6698: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6663: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6638: 6633: 6628: 6623: 6618: 6613: 6608: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6553: 6548: 6543: 6538: 6533: 6528: 6522: 6520: 6511: 6505: 6504: 6502: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6450: 6444: 6442: 6438: 6437: 6434: 6433: 6431: 6430: 6425: 6419: 6417: 6413: 6412: 6410: 6409: 6404: 6399: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6373: 6371: 6367: 6366: 6364: 6363: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6335: 6333: 6329: 6328: 6326: 6325: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6294: 6292: 6288: 6287: 6285: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6138: 6136: 6130: 6129: 6127: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5980: 5978: 5969: 5958: 5957: 5955: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5928: 5926: 5922: 5921: 5919: 5918: 5912: 5903: 5898: 5892: 5890: 5884: 5883: 5881: 5880: 5875: 5872: 5867: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5833: 5832: 5831: 5830: 5825: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5796: 5794: 5790: 5789: 5787: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5765: 5763: 5759: 5758: 5756: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5726: 5725: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5698: 5696: 5692: 5691: 5689: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5660: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5636: 5634: 5630: 5629: 5627: 5626: 5619: 5614: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5593: 5591: 5587: 5586: 5579: 5578: 5571: 5564: 5556: 5550: 5549: 5524: 5499: 5465:(March 1923). 5459: 5418: 5390: 5364:(3): 494–518. 5347: 5344: 5343: 5342: 5316: 5310: 5294:Morris, Edmund 5290: 5265: 5262: 5261: 5260: 5233: 5207: 5204: 5203: 5202: 5186:. Gainesville. 5179: 5166: 5155: 5142: 5128: 5122: 5102: 5096: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5067: 5066: 5048: 5042: 5023: 5017: 4989: 4986: 4983: 4982: 4970: 4960: 4951: 4942: 4933: 4924: 4915: 4906: 4893: 4881: 4871: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4862: 4861: 4849: 4837:New York Times 4821: 4804: 4802:, p. 174. 4792: 4790:, p. 180. 4780: 4778:, p. 209. 4768: 4731: 4729:, p. 200. 4719: 4717:, p. 187. 4707: 4705:, p. 192. 4688: 4686:, p. 202. 4673: 4671:, p. 207. 4661: 4659:, p. 165. 4649: 4647:, p. 199. 4637: 4635:, p. 202. 4625: 4623:, p. 173. 4596: 4594:, p. 175. 4559: 4557:, p. 150. 4544: 4532: 4530:, p. 181. 4517: 4487: 4485:, p. 149. 4454: 4452:, p. 178. 4442: 4414: 4412:, p. 226. 4402: 4372: 4370:, p. 164. 4351: 4341: 4332: 4330:, p. 229. 4320: 4308: 4283: 4281:, p. 495. 4264: 4262:, p. 231. 4252: 4237: 4225: 4204: 4202:, p. 207. 4192: 4190:, p. 206. 4180: 4178:, p. 205. 4168: 4149: 4147:, p. 210. 4137: 4125: 4123:, p. 160. 4113: 4098: 4086: 4074: 4072:, p. 128. 4062: 4060:, p. 118. 4050: 4035: 4018: 4016:, p. 122. 4006: 4004:, p. 241. 3994: 3979: 3962: 3947: 3935: 3933:, p. 127. 3923: 3921:, p. 172. 3911: 3909:, p. 122. 3899: 3897:, p. 155. 3887: 3875: 3863: 3861:, p. 650. 3851: 3839: 3837:, p. 117. 3827: 3825:, p. 103. 3815: 3813:, p. 101. 3803: 3784: 3782:, p. 113. 3772: 3770:, p. 139. 3760: 3748: 3736: 3719: 3698: 3675: 3663: 3651: 3639: 3637:, p. 164. 3627: 3615: 3603: 3591: 3579: 3567: 3550: 3538: 3526: 3524:, p. 606. 3514: 3493: 3475:(3): 323–333, 3459: 3442: 3430: 3418: 3406: 3394: 3382: 3370: 3358: 3345: 3325: 3313: 3311:, p. 176. 3296: 3294:, p. 113. 3280: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3273: 3272: 3265: 3262: 3201: 3198: 3195: 3194: 3188: 3182:Albert Cummins 3178: 3177: 3173: 3170: 3169: 3166: 3165: 3155: 3154: 3150: 3149: 3146:Warren Harding 3142: 3141: 3137: 3136: 3130: 3124: 3118: 3112: 3106: 3100: 3094: 3088: 3081: 3080: 3076: 3075: 3069: 3062: 3061: 3057: 3056: 3050: 3043: 3042: 3038: 3035: 3034: 3031: 3030: 3024: 3015: 3006: 3000: 2990: 2989: 2985: 2984: 2975: 2972:New York Press 2966:Boston Journal 2952: 2941: 2930: 2922: 2908: 2907: 2903: 2902: 2895: 2894: 2890: 2889: 2883: 2877: 2871: 2865: 2859: 2853: 2850:Robert P. Bass 2846: 2845: 2841: 2840: 2834: 2831:Victor Murdock 2827: 2826: 2822: 2821: 2815: 2812:Moses E. Clapp 2809: 2803: 2797: 2791: 2784: 2783: 2779: 2778: 2772: 2766: 2759: 2758: 2754: 2751: 2750: 2747: 2746: 2734: 2721: 2720: 2716: 2715: 2702: 2701: 2697: 2696: 2686: 2685: 2681: 2680: 2670: 2669: 2665: 2664: 2655: 2645: 2644: 2640: 2637: 2636: 2633: 2632: 2609: 2607: 2600: 2594: 2591: 2585: 2584: 2582: 2580: 2578: 2576: 2564: 2563: 2561: 2559: 2554: 2545: 2540: 2533: 2530: 2526: 2525: 2523: 2521: 2516: 2507: 2502: 2495: 2492: 2488: 2487: 2485: 2483: 2478: 2469: 2464: 2457: 2454: 2450: 2449: 2447: 2445: 2440: 2431: 2426: 2419: 2416: 2412: 2411: 2409: 2407: 2402: 2393: 2386: 2379: 2376: 2372: 2371: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2358: 2353: 2346: 2343: 2339: 2338: 2336: 2331: 2326: 2319: 2310: 2303: 2300: 2296: 2295: 2293: 2288: 2283: 2274: 2269: 2262: 2258: 2257: 2255: 2250: 2245: 2236: 2231: 2224: 2221: 2213: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2203: 2194: 2189: 2182: 2179: 2175: 2174: 2172: 2170: 2165: 2156: 2151: 2144: 2141: 2137: 2136: 2134: 2129: 2120: 2115: 2110: 2103: 2100: 2096: 2095: 2093: 2091: 2089: 2085: 2076: 2069: 2065: 2064: 2062: 2060: 2058: 2054: 2045: 2038: 2034: 2033: 2031: 2029: 2024: 2019: 2010: 2003: 2000: 1996: 1995: 1993: 1991: 1988: 1985: 1980: 1971: 1968: 1964: 1963: 1961: 1959: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1933: 1930: 1926: 1925: 1923: 1921: 1919: 1914: 1911: 1904: 1901: 1897: 1896: 1894: 1892: 1890: 1888: 1884: 1877: 1874: 1870: 1869: 1867: 1864: 1860: 1858: 1851: 1842: 1839: 1835: 1834: 1832: 1830: 1828: 1826: 1823: 1822: 1819: 1816: 1809: 1802: 1794: 1793: 1790: 1783: 1778: 1776:(daily totals) 1767: 1764: 1750: 1747: 1741: 1738: 1716: 1713: 1653:Citizens Union 1648:John Alden Dix 1635:New York Times 1629: 1626: 1609: 1606: 1572: 1569: 1533:Robert P. Bass 1528: 1525: 1513:Sherman pledge 1438: 1435: 1433: 1430: 1427: 1426: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1395: 1385: 1383: 1376: 1370: 1369: 1356: 1349: 1347: 1334: 1324: 1322: 1315: 1309: 1308: 1295: 1286: 1263: 1250: 1241: 1239: 1232: 1226: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1216: 1213: 1210: 1203: 1200: 1197: 1196: 1191: 1178: 1171: 1156: 1143: 1134: 1132: 1125: 1119: 1118: 1115: 1112: 1109: 1106: 1103: 1100: 1093: 1090: 1088: 1085: 1064: 1061: 1045: 1042: 1033: 1030: 1021:New York World 1007:New York Times 997: 994: 957:, Norris, and 955:Moses E. Clapp 942: 939: 935:Woodrow Wilson 913: 910: 896:raised funds. 882:Archibald Butt 854: 851: 783: 781: 778: 734:Main article: 731: 730:1910 elections 728: 703:A poll by the 681: 678: 670:Porto Maurizio 602:Main article: 599: 596: 563:Nelson Aldrich 559:Dingley Tariff 551:Main article: 548: 545: 543: 540: 534:New York Times 470:Main article: 467: 464: 462: 459: 424:Woodrow Wilson 394: 393: 390: 389: 377: 359: 358: 322: 312: 311: 307: 306: 303: 302: 299: 294: 291: 287: 286: 283: 278: 275: 271: 270: 267: 262: 257: 253: 252: 249: 246: 243: 239: 238: 233: 228: 223: 219: 218: 213: 208: 201: 197: 196: 189: 182: 175: 167: 166: 159: 158: 155: 154: 148: 143: 136: 135: 117: 116: 31: 29: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10282: 10271: 10268: 10267: 10265: 10250: 10247: 10245: 10242: 10240: 10237: 10235: 10232: 10230: 10227: 10225: 10222: 10221: 10219: 10215: 10205: 10204:The Wish List 10202: 10200: 10199:Ripon Society 10197: 10195: 10192: 10190: 10187: 10185: 10182: 10180: 10177: 10175: 10172: 10170: 10167: 10166: 10164: 10158: 10152: 10149: 10147: 10144: 10142: 10139: 10137: 10134: 10132: 10129: 10127: 10124: 10122: 10119: 10117: 10114: 10112: 10109: 10105: 10102: 10101: 10100: 10097: 10096: 10094: 10088: 10082: 10079: 10077: 10074: 10072: 10069: 10067: 10064: 10062: 10059: 10058: 10056: 10050: 10042: 10039: 10037: 10034: 10032: 10029: 10027: 10024: 10023: 10022: 10019: 10015: 10012: 10011: 10010: 10007: 10003: 10000: 9998: 9997: 9993: 9992: 9991: 9988: 9987: 9985: 9981: 9978: 9976: 9975:organizations 9970: 9960: 9957: 9955: 9952: 9950: 9947: 9945: 9942: 9940: 9937: 9935: 9932: 9931: 9929: 9925: 9919: 9916: 9914: 9911: 9909: 9908:West Virginia 9906: 9904: 9901: 9899: 9896: 9894: 9891: 9889: 9886: 9884: 9881: 9879: 9876: 9874: 9871: 9869: 9866: 9864: 9861: 9859: 9856: 9854: 9851: 9849: 9846: 9844: 9841: 9839: 9836: 9834: 9831: 9829: 9826: 9824: 9821: 9819: 9816: 9814: 9813:New Hampshire 9811: 9809: 9806: 9804: 9801: 9799: 9796: 9794: 9791: 9789: 9786: 9784: 9781: 9779: 9776: 9774: 9773:Massachusetts 9771: 9769: 9766: 9764: 9761: 9759: 9756: 9754: 9751: 9749: 9746: 9744: 9741: 9739: 9736: 9734: 9731: 9729: 9726: 9724: 9721: 9719: 9716: 9714: 9711: 9709: 9706: 9704: 9701: 9699: 9696: 9694: 9691: 9689: 9686: 9684: 9681: 9679: 9676: 9674: 9671: 9670: 9668: 9664: 9661: 9654: 9650: 9640: 9637: 9635: 9632: 9630: 9627: 9625: 9622: 9620: 9617: 9615: 9612: 9610: 9607: 9605: 9602: 9600: 9597: 9596: 9594: 9590: 9584: 9581: 9579: 9576: 9574: 9571: 9569: 9566: 9564: 9561: 9559: 9555: 9552: 9550: 9547: 9545: 9542: 9540: 9537: 9535: 9532: 9530: 9527: 9525: 9522: 9520: 9517: 9515: 9512: 9510: 9507: 9505: 9502: 9500: 9496: 9493: 9491: 9488: 9486: 9483: 9481: 9478: 9476: 9473: 9471: 9468: 9466: 9463: 9461: 9458: 9456: 9453: 9451: 9448: 9446: 9443: 9441: 9438: 9436: 9433: 9431: 9428: 9426: 9423: 9421: 9418: 9416: 9413: 9411: 9408: 9406: 9403: 9401: 9398: 9396: 9393: 9391: 9388: 9386: 9383: 9381: 9378: 9376: 9373: 9371: 9368: 9366: 9363: 9361: 9358: 9356: 9353: 9351: 9348: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9338: 9336: 9333: 9331: 9328: 9326: 9323: 9321: 9318: 9316: 9313: 9311: 9308: 9306: 9303: 9301: 9298: 9296: 9293: 9291: 9288: 9286: 9283: 9281: 9278: 9276: 9273: 9271: 9268: 9266: 9263: 9261: 9258: 9256: 9253: 9251: 9248: 9246: 9243: 9241: 9238: 9236: 9233: 9231: 9228: 9227: 9225: 9221: 9218: 9216: 9212: 9205: 9202: 9199: 9196: 9193: 9190: 9187: 9184: 9181: 9178: 9175: 9172: 9169: 9166: 9163: 9160: 9157: 9154: 9151: 9148: 9145: 9142: 9139: 9136: 9133: 9130: 9127: 9124: 9121: 9118: 9115: 9112: 9109: 9106: 9103: 9100: 9097: 9094: 9091: 9088: 9085: 9082: 9079: 9076: 9073: 9070: 9067: 9064: 9061: 9058: 9055: 9052: 9049: 9046: 9043: 9040: 9037: 9034: 9031: 9028: 9027: 9025: 9023: 9014: 9009: 9003: 8996: 8993: 8990: 8987: 8984: 8981: 8978: 8975: 8972: 8969: 8966: 8963: 8960: 8957: 8954: 8951: 8948: 8945: 8942: 8939: 8936: 8933: 8930: 8927: 8924: 8921: 8918: 8915: 8912: 8909: 8906: 8903: 8900: 8897: 8894: 8891: 8888: 8885: 8882: 8879: 8876: 8873: 8870: 8867: 8864: 8861: 8858: 8855: 8852: 8849: 8846: 8843: 8840: 8837: 8834: 8831: 8828: 8825: 8824: 8822: 8820: 8812: 8806: 8799: 8796: 8793: 8790: 8787: 8786:G. H. W. Bush 8784: 8781: 8778: 8775: 8772: 8769: 8766: 8763: 8760: 8757: 8754: 8751: 8748: 8745: 8742: 8739: 8736: 8733: 8730: 8727: 8724: 8721: 8718: 8715: 8712: 8709: 8706: 8703: 8700: 8697: 8694: 8691: 8688: 8685: 8682: 8681: 8679: 8677: 8673: 8669: 8663: 8662: 8658: 8654: 8651: 8650: 8649: 8645: 8641: 8638: 8634: 8631: 8630: 8629: 8625: 8621: 8618: 8614: 8611: 8610: 8609: 8605: 8601: 8598: 8594: 8591: 8590: 8589: 8585: 8581: 8578: 8574: 8571: 8570: 8569: 8565: 8561: 8558: 8554: 8551: 8550: 8549: 8545: 8541: 8538: 8534: 8531: 8530: 8529: 8525: 8521: 8518: 8514: 8511: 8510: 8509: 8505: 8501: 8498: 8494: 8491: 8490: 8489: 8485: 8484:G. H. W. Bush 8481: 8478: 8474: 8471: 8470: 8469: 8465: 8464:G. H. W. Bush 8461: 8458: 8454: 8451: 8450: 8449: 8448:G. H. W. Bush 8445: 8441: 8440:1984 (Dallas) 8438: 8434: 8431: 8430: 8429: 8428:G. H. W. Bush 8425: 8421: 8418: 8414: 8411: 8410: 8409: 8405: 8401: 8398: 8394: 8391: 8390: 8389: 8385: 8381: 8378: 8374: 8371: 8370: 8369: 8365: 8361: 8358: 8354: 8351: 8350: 8349: 8345: 8341: 8338: 8334: 8331: 8330: 8329: 8325: 8321: 8318: 8314: 8311: 8310: 8309: 8305: 8301: 8298: 8294: 8291: 8290: 8289: 8285: 8281: 8278: 8274: 8271: 8270: 8269: 8265: 8261: 8258: 8254: 8251: 8250: 8249: 8245: 8241: 8238: 8234: 8231: 8230: 8229: 8225: 8221: 8218: 8214: 8211: 8210: 8209: 8205: 8201: 8198: 8194: 8191: 8190: 8189: 8185: 8181: 8178: 8174: 8171: 8170: 8169: 8165: 8161: 8158: 8154: 8151: 8150: 8149: 8145: 8141: 8138: 8134: 8131: 8130: 8129: 8125: 8121: 8118: 8114: 8111: 8110: 8109: 8105: 8101: 8098: 8094: 8091: 8090: 8089: 8085: 8081: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8068: 8064: 8061: 8059: 8055: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8042: 8038: 8035: 8033: 8029: 8025: 8022: 8020: 8016: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8003: 7999: 7996: 7994: 7990: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7977: 7973: 7970: 7968: 7964: 7960: 7957: 7955: 7951: 7947: 7944: 7942: 7938: 7934: 7931: 7929: 7925: 7921: 7918: 7916: 7912: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7899: 7895: 7892: 7891: 7889: 7887: 7878: 7871: 7865: 7857: 7854: 7852: 7849: 7847: 7844: 7842: 7839: 7837: 7834: 7833: 7832: 7829: 7828: 7825: 7821: 7812: 7807: 7805: 7800: 7798: 7793: 7792: 7789: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7768: 7765: 7764: 7761: 7751: 7750: 7745: 7743: 7742: 7737: 7736: 7734: 7732: 7728: 7722: 7721: 7716: 7714: 7713: 7708: 7707: 7705: 7703: 7699: 7694: 7690: 7685: 7681: 7671: 7670: 7665: 7663: 7662: 7657: 7656: 7654: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7644: 7639: 7629: 7628: 7627:Hiram Johnson 7623: 7622: 7619: 7618: 7613: 7612: 7610: 7606: 7603: 7600: 7595: 7594: 7589: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7570: 7568: 7564: 7558: 7557: 7553: 7550: 7549: 7545: 7542: 7539: 7538: 7533: 7532: 7530: 7526: 7523: 7520: 7515: 7514: 7509: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7483:Judson Harmon 7481: 7479: 7476: 7475: 7473: 7469: 7463: 7462: 7457: 7455: 7454: 7449: 7448: 7446: 7442: 7439: 7436: 7431: 7430: 7425: 7420: 7416: 7412: 7404: 7399: 7397: 7392: 7390: 7385: 7384: 7381: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7353:Delaware Plan 7351: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7343: 7339: 7338: 7336: 7332: 7318: 7317: 7313: 7311: 7310: 7306: 7304: 7303: 7299: 7297: 7296: 7292: 7290: 7289: 7285: 7283: 7282: 7278: 7277: 7275: 7273: 7269: 7263: 7262: 7258: 7256: 7255: 7251: 7249: 7248: 7244: 7243: 7241: 7239: 7238: 7233: 7227: 7226: 7222: 7220: 7219: 7215: 7213: 7212: 7208: 7206: 7205: 7201: 7200: 7198: 7196: 7195: 7190: 7184: 7183: 7179: 7177: 7176: 7172: 7170: 7169: 7165: 7163: 7162: 7158: 7156: 7155: 7151: 7150: 7148: 7146: 7145: 7140: 7137: 7135: 7131: 7125: 7124: 7120: 7118: 7115: 7113: 7110: 7108: 7105: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7093: 7090: 7089: 7087: 7085: 7081: 7075: 7072: 7070: 7067: 7065: 7062: 7060: 7057: 7055: 7052: 7050: 7047: 7045: 7042: 7040: 7037: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7020: 7017: 7015: 7012: 7011: 7009: 7007: 7003: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6967: 6964: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6949: 6947: 6944: 6942: 6939: 6937: 6934: 6932: 6929: 6927: 6924: 6922: 6919: 6917: 6914: 6912: 6909: 6907: 6904: 6902: 6899: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6859: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6839: 6837: 6834: 6832: 6829: 6827: 6824: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6809: 6807: 6804: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6794: 6792: 6789: 6787: 6784: 6783: 6781: 6779: 6775: 6769: 6768: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6523: 6521: 6519: 6515: 6512: 6506: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6446: 6445: 6443: 6439: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6420: 6418: 6414: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6374: 6372: 6368: 6362: 6361: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6336: 6334: 6330: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6295: 6293: 6289: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6139: 6137: 6135: 6131: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5981: 5979: 5977: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5963: 5959: 5953: 5952:Super Tuesday 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5932:Iowa caucuses 5930: 5929: 5927: 5923: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5893: 5891: 5889: 5885: 5879: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5834: 5829: 5826: 5824: 5821: 5820: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5797: 5795: 5791: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5766: 5764: 5760: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5728: 5727: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5700: 5699: 5697: 5693: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5638: 5637: 5635: 5631: 5625: 5624: 5620: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5594: 5592: 5588: 5584: 5577: 5572: 5570: 5565: 5563: 5558: 5557: 5554: 5546: 5542: 5538: 5534: 5530: 5525: 5521: 5517: 5513: 5509: 5505: 5500: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5484: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5460: 5456: 5452: 5448: 5444: 5440: 5436: 5433:(3): 363–95. 5432: 5428: 5424: 5419: 5415: 5411: 5407: 5403: 5399: 5396:(July 1976). 5395: 5391: 5387: 5383: 5379: 5375: 5371: 5367: 5363: 5359: 5355: 5350: 5349: 5339: 5333: 5325: 5321: 5317: 5313: 5307: 5302: 5301: 5295: 5291: 5287: 5281: 5273: 5268: 5267: 5256: 5250: 5242: 5238: 5234: 5229: 5223: 5215: 5210: 5209: 5199: 5193: 5185: 5180: 5176: 5172: 5167: 5163: 5162: 5156: 5152: 5148: 5143: 5139: 5138: 5133: 5129: 5125: 5119: 5114: 5113: 5107: 5103: 5099: 5097:0-7432-0394-1 5093: 5089: 5088: 5083: 5079: 5078: 5063: 5059: 5058: 5053: 5052:Mowry, George 5049: 5045: 5039: 5035: 5031: 5030: 5024: 5020: 5014: 5010: 5006: 5005: 5000: 4996: 4992: 4991: 4977: 4975: 4964: 4955: 4946: 4937: 4928: 4919: 4910: 4903: 4897: 4888: 4886: 4876: 4872: 4858: 4853: 4838: 4831: 4825: 4818: 4813: 4811: 4809: 4801: 4796: 4789: 4784: 4777: 4772: 4764: 4759: 4752: 4750: 4748: 4746: 4744: 4742: 4740: 4738: 4736: 4728: 4723: 4716: 4711: 4704: 4699: 4697: 4695: 4693: 4685: 4680: 4678: 4670: 4665: 4658: 4653: 4646: 4641: 4634: 4629: 4622: 4617: 4615: 4613: 4611: 4609: 4607: 4605: 4603: 4601: 4593: 4588: 4586: 4584: 4582: 4580: 4578: 4576: 4574: 4572: 4570: 4568: 4566: 4564: 4556: 4551: 4549: 4542:, p. 45. 4541: 4536: 4529: 4524: 4522: 4505: 4504: 4498: 4491: 4484: 4479: 4477: 4475: 4473: 4471: 4469: 4467: 4465: 4463: 4461: 4459: 4451: 4446: 4430: 4425: 4418: 4411: 4406: 4390: 4389: 4383: 4376: 4369: 4364: 4362: 4360: 4358: 4356: 4345: 4336: 4329: 4324: 4317: 4312: 4305: 4300: 4298: 4296: 4294: 4292: 4290: 4288: 4280: 4275: 4273: 4271: 4269: 4261: 4256: 4249: 4244: 4242: 4234: 4229: 4222: 4217: 4215: 4213: 4211: 4209: 4201: 4196: 4189: 4184: 4177: 4172: 4165: 4160: 4158: 4156: 4154: 4146: 4141: 4134: 4129: 4122: 4117: 4110: 4105: 4103: 4095: 4090: 4083: 4078: 4071: 4066: 4059: 4054: 4047: 4042: 4040: 4032: 4027: 4025: 4023: 4015: 4010: 4003: 3998: 3991: 3986: 3984: 3976: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3959: 3954: 3952: 3944: 3939: 3932: 3927: 3920: 3915: 3908: 3903: 3896: 3891: 3884: 3879: 3873:, p. 94. 3872: 3867: 3860: 3855: 3848: 3843: 3836: 3831: 3824: 3819: 3812: 3807: 3800: 3795: 3793: 3791: 3789: 3781: 3776: 3769: 3764: 3757: 3752: 3745: 3740: 3733: 3728: 3726: 3724: 3716: 3711: 3709: 3707: 3705: 3703: 3695: 3690: 3688: 3686: 3684: 3682: 3680: 3672: 3667: 3660: 3655: 3648: 3643: 3636: 3631: 3624: 3619: 3612: 3607: 3600: 3595: 3588: 3583: 3576: 3571: 3564: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3548:, p. 14. 3547: 3542: 3535: 3530: 3523: 3518: 3511: 3506: 3504: 3502: 3500: 3498: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3463: 3456: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3440:, p. 56. 3439: 3434: 3428:, p. 45. 3427: 3422: 3415: 3410: 3404:, p. 17. 3403: 3398: 3391: 3386: 3380:, p. 28. 3379: 3374: 3368:, p. 44. 3367: 3362: 3348: 3346:9781483380353 3342: 3338: 3337: 3329: 3323:, p. 33. 3322: 3317: 3310: 3305: 3303: 3301: 3293: 3288: 3286: 3281: 3271: 3268: 3267: 3261: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3246: 3241: 3237: 3235: 3234:Boies Penrose 3231: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3214: 3210: 3208: 3192: 3189: 3187: 3183: 3180: 3179: 3176:U.S. Senators 3175: 3174: 3164: 3160: 3157: 3156: 3152: 3151: 3147: 3144: 3143: 3139: 3138: 3134: 3131: 3128: 3125: 3122: 3119: 3116: 3113: 3110: 3107: 3104: 3103:Marion E. Hay 3101: 3098: 3095: 3092: 3089: 3086: 3083: 3082: 3078: 3077: 3073: 3070: 3067: 3064: 3063: 3059: 3058: 3054: 3053:Boies Penrose 3051: 3048: 3045: 3044: 3041:U.S. Senators 3040: 3039: 3028: 3025: 3023: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3010: 3007: 3004: 3001: 2999: 2995: 2994:William Flinn 2992: 2991: 2987: 2986: 2983: 2979: 2976: 2974: 2973: 2968: 2967: 2962: 2961: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2950: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2939: 2934: 2931: 2929: 2928: 2923: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2910: 2909: 2905: 2904: 2900: 2897: 2896: 2892: 2891: 2887: 2884: 2881: 2878: 2875: 2872: 2869: 2868:Hiram Johnson 2866: 2863: 2860: 2857: 2854: 2851: 2848: 2847: 2843: 2842: 2838: 2835: 2832: 2829: 2828: 2824: 2823: 2819: 2816: 2813: 2810: 2807: 2804: 2801: 2798: 2795: 2794:William Borah 2792: 2789: 2786: 2785: 2782:U.S. Senators 2781: 2780: 2776: 2773: 2770: 2767: 2764: 2761: 2760: 2756: 2755: 2744: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2732: 2731: 2727: 2726:William Flinn 2723: 2722: 2718: 2717: 2713: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2703: 2699: 2698: 2694: 2692: 2688: 2687: 2683: 2682: 2678: 2676: 2672: 2671: 2668:U.S. Senators 2667: 2666: 2662: 2660: 2656: 2653: 2651: 2647: 2646: 2642: 2641: 2629: 2619: 2613: 2610:This article 2608: 2604: 2599: 2598: 2590: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2569: 2565: 2562: 2560: 2555: 2553: 2549: 2546: 2541: 2537: 2534: 2531: 2528: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2517: 2515: 2511: 2508: 2503: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2490: 2489: 2486: 2484: 2479: 2477: 2473: 2470: 2465: 2461: 2458: 2455: 2452: 2451: 2448: 2446: 2441: 2439: 2435: 2432: 2427: 2423: 2420: 2417: 2414: 2413: 2410: 2408: 2403: 2401: 2397: 2394: 2390: 2387: 2383: 2380: 2377: 2374: 2373: 2370: 2367: 2364: 2362: 2359: 2357: 2354: 2350: 2347: 2344: 2341: 2340: 2337: 2332: 2327: 2323: 2320: 2318: 2314: 2311: 2307: 2306:Massachusetts 2304: 2301: 2298: 2297: 2294: 2289: 2284: 2282: 2278: 2275: 2270: 2266: 2263: 2260: 2259: 2256: 2251: 2246: 2244: 2240: 2237: 2232: 2228: 2225: 2222: 2214: 2211: 2209: 2204: 2202: 2198: 2195: 2190: 2186: 2183: 2180: 2177: 2176: 2173: 2171: 2166: 2164: 2160: 2157: 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1620: 1616: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1594: 1589: 1587: 1581: 1579: 1568: 1565: 1561: 1556: 1552: 1550: 1544: 1542: 1538: 1535:, Glasscock, 1534: 1524: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1509:Sagamore Hill 1506: 1500: 1496: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1477:William Flinn 1474: 1469: 1467: 1462: 1460: 1456: 1448: 1443: 1423: 1422: 1409: 1407: 1396: 1392: 1391: 1386: 1384: 1381: 1377: 1375: 1371: 1366: 1365: 1348: 1346: 1335: 1331: 1330: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1316: 1314: 1310: 1305: 1304: 1294: 1281: 1280:June 22, 1912 1277: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1262: 1251: 1247: 1246: 1242: 1240: 1237: 1233: 1231: 1227: 1224:Contests won 1223: 1221:Popular vote 1220: 1214: 1211: 1207: 1195: 1192: 1188: 1187: 1179: 1172: 1170: 1169: 1168:June 22, 1912 1161: 1157: 1155: 1144: 1140: 1139: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1126: 1124: 1120: 1117:Running mate 1116: 1114:Contests won 1113: 1111:Popular vote 1110: 1104: 1101: 1097: 1084: 1082: 1078: 1073: 1069: 1060: 1058: 1054: 1049: 1041: 1039: 1029: 1027: 1023: 1022: 1016: 1011: 1009: 1008: 1003: 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221: 220: 217: 214: 212: 209: 207: 206: 202: 199: 198: 194: 190: 187: 183: 180: 176: 173: 172: 168: 160: 153: → 152: 149: 147: 144: 142: 141: 137: 125: 113: 110: 102: 91: 88: 84: 81: 77: 74: 70: 67: 63: 60: – 59: 55: 54:Find sources: 48: 44: 38: 37: 32:This article 30: 26: 21: 20: 10234:Bibliography 9994: 9873:South Dakota 9863:Rhode Island 9858:Pennsylvania 9838:North Dakota 8672:Presidential 8659: 8580:2012 (Tampa) 8092: 7884:presidential 7868:Presidential 7766: 7747:VP nominee: 7746: 7738: 7718:VP nominee: 7717: 7709: 7666: 7658: 7641: 7624: 7614: 7591: 7554: 7546: 7543: 7534: 7511: 7458: 7450: 7427: 7419:→ 1916 7411:← 1908 7340: 7314: 7307: 7300: 7293: 7286: 7279: 7271: 7259: 7252: 7245: 7235: 7223: 7216: 7209: 7202: 7192: 7180: 7173: 7166: 7159: 7152: 7142: 7133: 7122: 6766: 6370:Reform Party 6358: 6141: 5925:Major events 5906: 5622: 5539:(7): 14–23. 5536: 5532: 5511: 5507: 5470: 5430: 5426: 5408:(1): 33–56. 5405: 5401: 5361: 5357: 5323: 5299: 5271: 5240: 5213: 5183: 5170: 5160: 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CQ Press. 3335: 3328: 3316: 3254:Frank Munsey 3238: 3211: 3203: 3186:favorite son 3121:William Spry 3009:Amos Pinchot 2981: 2970: 2964: 2958: 2955:Frank Munsey 2947: 2936: 2925: 2919: 2915: 2880:Chase Osborn 2738:Amos Pinchot 2736: 2724: 2705: 2689: 2673: 2657: 2648: 2623: 2611: 2593:Endorsements 2588: 2567: 2551: 2547: 2536:South Dakota 2513: 2509: 2475: 2471: 2437: 2433: 2399: 2395: 2388: 2360: 2355: 2352:conventions 2321: 2316: 2312: 2280: 2276: 2242: 2238: 2200: 2196: 2185:Pennsylvania 2162: 2158: 2126: 2122: 2082: 2078: 2051: 2047: 2016: 2012: 1982: 1956: 1952: 1936:North Dakota 1916: 1886: 1853: 1799:William Taft 1760: 1756: 1752: 1743: 1734: 1730: 1705: 1698: 1686: 1678: 1662: 1640: 1633: 1631: 1623: 1611: 1602: 1598: 1592: 1590: 1582: 1574: 1564:Rough Riders 1557: 1553: 1547:entertain a 1545: 1530: 1517:Chase Osborn 1501: 1497: 1473:William Kent 1470: 1463: 1454: 1452: 1446: 1420:data missing 1417: 1394:(1908–1926) 1387: 1363:data missing 1360: 1333:(1906–1925) 1326: 1302:data missing 1299: 1288: 1275: 1249:(1901–1909) 1243: 1185:data missing 1182: 1164: 1142:(1909–1913) 1136: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1050: 1047: 1035: 1019: 1012: 1005: 999: 990:Theodore Jr. 975: 966: 963: 948: 944: 919: 915: 898: 886: 871: 856: 847: 827: 820: 816:New York Sun 814: 808: 806: 790: 785: 763: 739: 704: 702: 687: 683: 675: 667: 654: 649:Louis Glavis 645: 630: 607: 591: 588: 556: 532: 510: 487: 455: 428: 397: 383: 379: 371: 367: 296: 280: 264: 259: 203: 145: 105: 96: 86: 79: 72: 65: 53: 41:Please help 36:verification 33: 10052:Fundraising 9973:Affiliated 9954:Puerto Rico 9788:Mississippi 9703:Connecticut 9425:Summerfield 9200:(2019–2023) 9194:(2015–2019) 9188:(2007–2015) 9182:(1999–2007) 9176:(1995–1999) 9170:(1981–1995) 9164:(1973–1981) 9158:(1965–1973) 9152:(1959–1965) 9146:(1939–1959) 9140:(1931–1939) 9134:(1925–1931) 9128:(1919–1925) 9122:(1911–1919) 9116:(1903–1911) 9110:(1899–1903) 9104:(1895–1899) 9098:(1891–1895) 9092:(1889–1891) 9086:(1883–1889) 9080:(1881–1883) 9074:(1879–1881) 9068:(1877–1879) 9062:(1875–1877) 9056:(1869–1875) 9044:(1863–1869) 9038:(1861–1863) 9032:(1860–1861) 8991:(2003–2007) 8985:(1996–2003) 8979:(1985–1996) 8973:(1980–1985) 8967:(1979–1980) 8961:(1977–1979) 8955:(1969–1977) 8949:(1959–1969) 8943:(1953–1959) 8931:(1952–1953) 8925:(1949–1952) 8919:(1944–1949) 8913:(1941–1944) 8907:(1940–1941) 8901:(1933–1940) 8895:(1929–1933) 8889:(1924–1929) 8883:(1918–1924) 8877:(1913–1918) 8871:(1911–1913) 8865:(1908–1911) 8859:(1897–1908) 8853:(1891–1897) 8847:(1885–1891) 8841:(1884–1885) 8835:(1862–1884) 8829:(1859–1862) 8809:U.S. Senate 8800:(2017–2021) 8794:(2001–2009) 8788:(1989–1993) 8782:(1981–1989) 8776:(1974–1977) 8770:(1969–1974) 8764:(1953–1961) 8758:(1929–1933) 8752:(1923–1929) 8746:(1921–1923) 8740:(1909–1913) 8734:(1901–1909) 8728:(1897–1901) 8722:(1889–1893) 8716:(1881–1885) 8704:(1877–1881) 8698:(1869–1877) 8692:(1865–1868) 8686:(1861–1865) 7877:conventions 7693:independent 7689:Third-party 7669:Emil Seidel 7659:President: 7615:President: 7540:(incumbent) 7535:President: 7498:Eugene Foss 7478:Champ Clark 7451:President: 7084:Green Party 6510:conventions 6332:Green Party 5888:Straw polls 5874:Green Party 5762:Fundraising 4995:Black, Earl 4988:Works cited 4857:Murphy 1974 4800:Morris 2010 4788:Morris 2010 4776:Morris 2010 4727:Morris 2010 4715:Morris 2010 4703:Morris 2010 4684:Morris 2010 4669:Morris 2010 4657:Morris 2010 4645:Morris 2010 4621:Morris 2010 4592:Morris 2010 4528:Morris 2010 4450:Morris 2010 4368:Morris 2010 4304:Morris 2010 4248:Morris 2010 4164:Morris 2010 4121:Morris 2010 4109:Morris 2010 3990:Morris 2010 3975:Morris 2010 3958:Morris 2010 3931:Morris 2010 3907:Morris 2010 3835:Morris 2010 3823:Morris 2010 3811:Morris 2010 3799:Morris 2010 3780:Morris 2010 3756:Morris 2010 3694:Morris 2010 3309:Morris 2010 3153:Individuals 3022:J.P. Morgan 2988:Individuals 2906:Journalists 2719:Individuals 2700:Journalists 2075:convention 2044:convention 1979:convention 1910:convention 1883:convention 1873:February 6 1863:32 (21.3%) 1856:118 (78.7%) 1850:convention 1838:January 23 1709:square deal 1689:hall runner 1619:L. B. Hanna 1615:Asle Gronna 1215:Home state 1105:Home state 969:denouncing 967:The Outlook 810:The Outlook 542:Party split 290:Percentage 9903:Washington 9823:New Mexico 9818:New Jersey 9693:California 9504:Fahrenkopf 9499:Fahrenkopf 9420:Gabrielson 9030:Pennington 9020:Conference 9006:U.S. House 8827:J. P. Hale 8817:Conference 8792:G. W. Bush 8762:Eisenhower 8544:G. W. Bush 8524:G. W. Bush 8304:Eisenhower 8284:Eisenhower 7695:candidates 7599:Convention 7519:Convention 7435:Convention 7144:Whig Party 5910:Ames, Iowa 5043:1568020651 5018:0674941306 4843:2016-02-24 4633:Mowry 1960 4540:Gould 1976 4410:Mowry 1946 4328:Mowry 1946 4260:Mowry 1946 4233:Mowry 1946 4221:Mowry 1946 4200:Mowry 1960 4188:Mowry 1960 4176:Mowry 1960 4145:Mowry 1960 4133:Mowry 1960 4094:Mowry 1960 4082:Mowry 1960 4070:Mowry 1960 4058:Mowry 1960 4046:Gould 1976 4031:Chace 2004 4002:Mowry 1946 3943:Mowry 1960 3919:Mowry 1960 3895:Mowry 1960 3871:Chace 2004 3847:Mowry 1960 3768:Mowry 1960 3744:Mowry 1960 3715:Chace 2004 3671:Mowry 1960 3659:Mowry 1960 3647:Mowry 1960 3635:Mowry 1960 3623:Mowry 1960 3611:Mowry 1960 3599:Mowry 1960 3587:Mowry 1960 3575:Wayne 2008 3563:Chace 2004 3546:Chace 2004 3455:Chace 2004 3438:Mowry 1960 3426:Mowry 1960 3414:Mowry 1960 3402:Chace 2004 3378:Chace 2004 3366:Gould 1976 3352:2016-02-19 3321:Gould 1976 3292:Chace 2004 3276:References 3218:Elihu Root 3200:Convention 3115:John Tener 3109:Ben Hooper 2933:Frank Knox 2626:March 2022 2498:New Jersey 2422:California 1821:Reference 1782:delegates 1505:Frank Knox 1209:Candidate 1099:Candidate 1087:Candidates 1026:Mr. Morgan 494:Elihu Root 461:Background 337: Taft 200:Candidate 69:newspapers 10224:Primaries 10160:Factional 10090:Sectional 9927:Territory 9913:Wisconsin 9878:Tennessee 9783:Minnesota 9758:Louisiana 9659:territory 9657:state and 9544:Gillespie 9529:Nicholson 9465:R. Morton 9445:T. Morton 9330:Rosewater 9320:Hitchcock 9310:Cortelyou 9132:Longworth 8995:McConnell 8875:Gallinger 8732:Roosevelt 8653:primaries 8633:primaries 8613:primaries 8593:primaries 8573:primaries 8553:primaries 8533:primaries 8513:primaries 8493:primaries 8473:primaries 8453:primaries 8433:primaries 8413:primaries 8393:primaries 8373:primaries 8353:primaries 8344:Goldwater 8333:primaries 8313:primaries 8293:primaries 8273:primaries 8253:primaries 8233:primaries 8213:primaries 8193:primaries 8173:primaries 8153:primaries 8133:primaries 8113:primaries 8108:Fairbanks 8093:primaries 8058:Fairbanks 8054:Roosevelt 8045:Roosevelt 7886:primaries 7739:Nominee: 7710:Nominee: 6508:National 5967:primaries 5495:143733897 5455:143817140 5386:147503477 5332:cite book 5280:cite book 5249:cite book 5222:cite book 5192:cite book 4817:Nash 1959 3079:Governors 2844:Governors 2618:talk page 2342:May 5–28 2299:April 30 2178:April 13 2106:Wisconsin 2023:(33.57%) 1999:March 26 1967:March 25 1929:March 19 1900:March 14 1345:Wisconsin 1329:Wisconsin 1289:1,164,765 1271:Positions 1218:Campaign 1108:Campaign 1077:the South 1032:Procedure 451:patronage 404:president 281:1,164,765 236:Wisconsin 10264:Category 10249:Trumpism 10104:Chairmen 10021:Factions 9983:Congress 9898:Virginia 9848:Oklahoma 9828:New York 9803:Nebraska 9793:Missouri 9778:Michigan 9768:Maryland 9753:Kentucky 9733:Illinois 9708:Delaware 9698:Colorado 9688:Arkansas 9578:McDaniel 9554:Martínez 9490:Richards 9405:Brownell 9400:Spangler 9385:Hamilton 9380:Fletcher 9290:Campbell 9285:Clarkson 9255:Chandler 9198:McCarthy 9174:Gingrich 9013:Speakers 8941:Knowland 8750:Coolidge 8726:McKinley 8720:Harrison 8708:Garfield 8144:Coolidge 8128:Coolidge 8041:McKinley 8028:McKinley 8015:Harrison 8002:Harrison 7976:Garfield 7875:national 7652:Nominees 7608:Nominees 7528:Nominees 7444:Nominees 5962:Caucuses 5907:defunct: 5545:24767265 5520:27551622 5447:41940243 5414:30238426 5346:Articles 5322:(1939). 5296:(2010). 5239:(1932). 5108:(2013). 5084:(2004). 5054:(1960). 5001:(1992). 3264:See also 2539:primary 2501:primary 2468:118,362 2463:primary 2425:primary 2385:primary 2382:Maryland 2309:primary 2268:primary 2230:primary 2227:Nebraska 2216:April 19 2193:191,179 2188:primary 2155:127,481 2150:primary 2147:Illinois 2140:April 9 2109:primary 2099:April 2 2041:Colorado 2017:(66.43%) 2009:primary 2006:New York 1939:primary 1907:Oklahoma 1432:Campaign 1267:Campaign 1261:New York 1160:Campaign 799:speech, 592:downward 529:Sorbonne 513:Khartoum 285:327,357 277:766,326 231:New York 99:May 2022 10229:Debates 10217:Related 9918:Wyoming 9893:Vermont 9798:Montana 9738:Indiana 9718:Georgia 9713:Florida 9683:Arizona 9673:Alabama 9653:Parties 9583:Whatley 9573:Priebus 9549:Mehlman 9539:Racicot 9534:Gilmore 9524:Barbour 9514:Yeutter 9509:Atwater 9430:Roberts 9375:Sanders 9260:Cameron 9245:Claflin 9235:Raymond 9206:(2023–) 9204:Johnson 9186:Boehner 9180:Hastert 9150:Halleck 9126:Gillett 9060:McCrary 9048:Pomeroy 9008:leaders 8997:(2007–) 8965:Stevens 8947:Dirksen 8929:Bridges 8863:E. Hale 8857:Allison 8851:Sherman 8845:Edmunds 8839:Sherman 8833:Anthony 8811:leaders 8744:Harding 8690:Johnson 8684:Lincoln 8248:Bricker 8224:Willkie 8124:Harding 8084:Sherman 8071:Sherman 7967:Wheeler 7928:Johnson 7924:Lincoln 7911:Lincoln 7898:Frémont 7870:tickets 7831:History 7334:Reforms 7134:Defunct 5823:debates 5487:1014670 5378:1944250 3489:3633711 2558:10,944 2544:19,960 2529:June 4 2506:44,034 2491:May 28 2482:15,570 2476:165,809 2453:May 21 2444:45,876 2438:138,563 2430:69,345 2415:May 14 2392:25,995 2325:83,099 2287:22,491 2273:20,517 2249:16,785 2235:13,341 2201:282,853 2169:42,692 2163:266,917 2127:133,354 2114:47,514 2072:Indiana 1949:23,669 1880:Florida 1785:Contest 1354:(14.5%) 1351:327,357 1292:(51.5%) 1176:(33.9%) 1173:766,326 1092:Nominee 770:elected 637:Spokane 527:at the 406:in the 174: 83:scholar 10162:groups 10092:groups 10054:groups 9853:Oregon 9808:Nevada 9748:Kansas 9723:Hawaii 9678:Alaska 9568:Steele 9563:Duncan 9558:Duncan 9495:Laxalt 9450:Miller 9440:Alcorn 9390:Martin 9365:Huston 9355:Butler 9340:Wilcox 9335:Hilles 9295:Carter 9265:Jewell 9250:Morgan 9230:Morgan 9223:Chairs 9168:Michel 9162:Rhodes 9144:Martin 9114:Cannon 9084:Cannon 9078:Keifer 9054:Blaine 9050:(1869) 9042:Colfax 9022:chairs 8937:(1953) 8923:Wherry 8911:McNary 8905:Austin 8899:McNary 8893:Watson 8887:Curtis 8869:Cullom 8819:chairs 8780:Reagan 8756:Hoover 8714:Arthur 8710:(1881) 8584:Romney 8564:McCain 8548:Cheney 8528:Cheney 8488:Quayle 8468:Quayle 8444:Reagan 8424:Reagan 8348:Miller 8268:Warren 8228:McNary 8204:Landon 8188:Curtis 8184:Hoover 8168:Curtis 8164:Hoover 8104:Hughes 8088:Butler 8032:Hobart 8006:Morton 7989:Blaine 7980:Arthur 7954:Wilson 7941:Colfax 7915:Hamlin 7902:Dayton 7776:Senate 5828:forums 5543: 5518: 5493: 5485: 5453: 5445: 5412: 5384: 5376: 5308: 5120: 5094: 5040: 5015: 4968:level. 3487: 3343: 2969:, and 2552:38,106 2520:3,464 2514:61,297 2400:29,124 2375:May 6 2330:2,058 2317:86,722 2281:28,905 2265:Oregon 2254:2,036 2243:45,795 1957:34,123 1944:1,876 1818:Other 1593:ad hoc 1519:, and 1403: 1342: 1258: 1151: 840:, and 696:, and 531:. 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1912 Republican Party presidential primaries

Index