1912 Republican Party presidential primaries

488: 1090:, the convention system remained dominant; party leaders dominated the proceedings and were in turn dominated by the federal administration. Party leaders were told their appointment power (and in some cases their own federal employment) would be withdrawn if they did not deliver their delegation to Taft. Cecil Lyons, the chair of the Texas party, had his patronage power withdrawn over his support for Roosevelt. Upon Roosevelt's entry, Taft operatives also made every effort accelerate the pace of the conventions, so that they could be held before Roosevelt had an opportunity to organize. Roosevelt delegates to local and state conventions responded by frequently accusing the local party machine of corruption and illegitimacy, forming a 326: 1140: 336: 141: 1765:

not be supporting Taft in this second presidential election, but instead would switch their support to Theodore Roosevelt. All ten of the delegates signed a statement that they were deserting the Taft movement and supporting Roosevelt. The Taft campaign marked up the southern states and their delegates in anticipation of a big southern win. This changed when the five Georgia delegates, Clark, Grier, J.H. Boone, J. C. Styles, J. Eugene Peterson, and S. S. Mincey switched to supporting Roosevelt along with the five Mississippi delegates Charles Banks, W.P. Locker, Perry W. Howard, Daniel W. Gerry, and Wesly Crayton.

204: 1330: 876:. Woodruff's faction hampered Hughes' agenda and blocked Hughes' legislation for a direct presidential primary. Roosevelt re-entered politics in his home state of New York, allying with Hughes to support these failed primary proposals. To press the cause of electoral reform, Roosevelt stood for election as temporary chairman of the state convention. Taft offered to support Roosevelt and denounce Aldrich and Cannon, in exchange for an endorsement of the administration, but Roosevelt refused the deal. The New York Republican Party instead supported Vice President 1453: 1731: 631: 650:. Pinchot "threw down the gauntlet" by stating "unequivocally" that a national hydropower trust was "in the process of formation," aided by "strict construction" of the law, which inevitably championed "the great interests as against the people." Ballinger, under attack from Pinchot and the progressive press, merely recited a "routine dissertation on public-land matters." He was the only speaker not to accept questions, which drew an open rebuke from California governor 1247: 646:, who had overseen Roosevelt's conservation efforts from that office and had become Roosevelt's close personal friend. The Pinchot-Ballinger controversy soon became a proxy for several latent political conflicts—progressives versus conservatives, corporate interests versus public rights, East versus West—and consequently Pinchot's cause became the opening volley in the 1912 campaign to defeat Taft. In August 1909, both men spoke at the National Irrigation Conference in 1350: 197: 972:, who served as president) and sixteen U.S. Representatives. La Follette asked Roosevelt to join the league, but he declined. Though most members professed to support Roosevelt, the organization was regarded as a vehicle for a La Follette campaign. Similar organizations were formed in Minnesota, Michigan, Nebraska, South Dakota, Washington, and Wisconsin. Bourne stated that the 1912 presidential election would be between Wilson and La Follette. 1266: 190: 36: 627:. Within weeks of taking office, Ballinger privatized three million acres of federally preserved land, a reversal of Roosevelt's aggressive conservation policies. Ballinger made a purely legalistic argument for the reversal, claiming that requisite data and congressional approval must be secured before public seizure of any land. Taft backed Ballinger in his insistence that conservation could only be pursued "on the basis of law." 1391: 1411: 1159: 1769:

electoral vote or were controlled by federal patronage. Roosevelt summed up Taft's delegates as, "one-eighth of his delegates represent a real sentiment for him and seven-eighths represent nothing whatever but the use of patronage in his interest in certain Democratic states". Roosevelt made it clear that Taft had turned the Republican Party for the worst and that he had no chance of winning the election.

2614: 1070:, relying on their support and his own leverage over federal appointments to secure Taft's nomination. Taft used his support from the southern delegates, 83% of which voted for him, to win the nomination. Another twelve delegates came from the District of Columbia, Hawaii, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico, which would not vote in the general election. 1607:

diverted the campaign's energy and focus during the early months. To counter the Taft campaign, the Roosevelt forces sent a full-time staffer, Ormsby McHarg, to lobby Southern delegates. In Washington, pro-Roosevelt Senators blocked Taft's political appointments and opened a national investigation into the use of patronage in the South.

1066:; over 200 delegates would come from states that had not been won by a Republican since the end of Reconstruction and where the party was essentially non-existent other than Republican appointees who owed their jobs to Taft. However, Roosevelt had previously rejected an attempt to abolish Southern delegations at the 1615:"We should hold the judiciary in all respect, but it is both absurd and degrading to make a fetish of a judge or of any one else," he declared. Amid furor and accusations of insanity from conservatives, legal scholars, and even some progressives, he formally accepted the draft petition in Boston on February 25. 1772:

Five states voted in the final four weeks of the primary season, and Roosevelt won all five states. He won Maryland 53–47 over Taft. In California, Roosevelt received 55% to Taft's 27% and La Follette's 18%. The major shock of the primary season was Roosevelt's 55–40% defeat of Taft in his home state

1610:

On February 6, Florida Republicans held their state convention, which appeared to be organized solidly for Taft given his control of the party apparatus. After contested delegates were resolved in favor of the Taft forces, the Roosevelt men bolted to nominate a competing slate of Roosevelt delegates.

1594:

The strategy of the Taft organization in the South, where they were assured of total control for the time being, was to hold conventions before Roosevelt could organize there, sometimes months before the usual time. The Taft campaign sought to quickly overpower Roosevelt-supporting party chairs, such

1557:

On January 16, the Roosevelt National Committee was independently formed in Chicago; speculation became widespread that the former president would announce a campaign in late February, when he was scheduled to speak at the Ohio constitutional convention. He publicly stated that he would be willing to

927:

Roosevelt, in a letter to Lodge, wrote about internal Republican disputes aiding the Democrats in the 1910 election. This included criticizing Cannon's supporters who "would a thousand fold" perfer a Democratic victory rather than Cannon not being elected speaker. The New York Republican Party was in

859:

National progressives praised the speech, while conservatives decried Roosevelt as a "new Napoleon," "neo-Populist," "peripatetic revolutionist," "a virtual traitor to American institutions." The speech was declaimed as "more nearly revolutionary than anything that ever proceeded from the lips of any

855:

and by far the most radical he had ever delivered, calling for primacy of the executive, as "the steward of the public welfare" over the judiciary, which must be made "interested primarily in human welfare rather than in property." He also called for the large-scale revision of law "so as to work for

695:

Taft personally disliked Cannon and discussed the idea of removing him from the speakership with Roosevelt shortly before ascending to the presidency. The declining Republican majority in the U.S. House of Representatives meant that the progressive faction of the Republicans could challenge Cannon by

1606:

and poorly organized. In Oklahoma, for example, two competing Roosevelt campaign organs were established, each seeking to seize the novel authority of the insurgent campaign for their own. Eventually, the national Roosevelt campaign intervened to resolve the dispute. Similar local disputes elsewhere

1078:

The method of delegate selection in the various states was an early proxy contest between the progressives and the conservatives, with progressives favoring a direct primary process. Upon Roosevelt's entry into the race in late February 1912, his supporters lobbied for the adoption of direct primary

939:

for the first time since 1895. Many of the Democratic victories were achieved by combining with progressive independents and Republicans to defeat conservatives, while many progressive Republicans retained their seats, heightening confidence that they could supplant Taft in 1912. In the alternative,

3253:

presented Taft's name for the nomination. Taft won the nomination while 344 of Roosevelt's delegates abstained from the vote. Allen read a speech from Roosevelt in which he criticized the process and stated that delegates had been stolen from his in order to secure Taft's nomination. Later that day

1768:

Theodore Roosevelt also attacked President Taft in the Chicago Tribune on June 17, 1912, with his own column. In the column Roosevelt wrote about the differences in delegates that Taft and he had. He stated that the delegates Taft had were from territories or states that had never cast a Republican

1764:

A big turn of events occurred on June 17, 1912. The Chicago Tribune sent out a newspaper with a column on the Republican primary titled, "10 From South Desert Taft for Roosevelt". In this column the writer explains that five Mississippi delegates and five Georgia delegates announced that they would

1702:

for a city flat. On some ballots, up to three feet of blank space separated the Roosevelt ticket from its emblem, leading some voters to tear off what the thought was waste paper and render their ballot unusable. In at least 400 of the 1,069 election districts, the physical supply of ballots, tally

1509:

As formal steps toward the primaries and conventions began in late 1911, La Follette was the sole declared challenger to President Taft; though he had the support of most progressives and insurgents, few observers considered him likely to win, even in the event that Taft was forced from the race at

975:

In March and April, Roosevelt completed a quiet tour of the American Southwest. While he publicly declined to comment on politics, he privately told friends Taft could only be renominated "by default," absent a serious progressive in the race. He did not regard La Follette, who struggled to attract

797:

If our political institutions were perfect, they would absolutely prevent the political domination of money in any part of our affairs. We need to make our political representatives more quickly and sensitively responsive to the people whose servants they are. ... The prime problem of our nation is

600:

Taft, unlike his predecessor, refused to interfere with legislation through executive leverage, and his efforts at mediation between progressives and conservatives failed. Seizing on the plain meaning of "revision" in the 1908 platform, Aldrich questioned, "Where did we ever make the statement that

1614:

On February 10, the governors of Kansas, Michigan, Missouri, Nebraska, and West Virginia answered Roosevelt's call for a draft. Speaking at the Ohio convention on February 21, he called for recall of judicial decisions as a last resort, an indirect slight to Taft, a former federal judge from Ohio.

956:

After the humiliating defeat of 1910, Roosevelt receded into private life and Taft turned his focus to the divided Congress, controlled by a mix of Democrats and insurgent Republicans. Roosevelt generally declined entreaties to challenge Taft, stating that the best hope for progressives was to "do

3215:

388 delegates were selected through the primaries and Roosevelt won 281, Taft received 71 delegates, and La Follette received 36 delegates. However, Taft had a 566–466 margin, placing him over the 540 needed for nomination, with the delegations selected at state conventions. Roosevelt accused the

1717:

After the results came in, Roosevelt himself joined the criticism of the New York process, which he called "fraud." He likewise denounced the "brutal and indecent" exclusion of his delegates in Indiana and "outrageous" tactics in Denver. "They are stealing the primary elections from us," he said.

1690:

The primary was closed, meaning only voters who formally enrolled as members of the Republican Party could vote. In all cities of over 5,000 people, voters were required to enroll in advance, while same-day registration was permitted in smaller towns and villages. Polls were open from 7 a.m. to 9

1565:

There was an attempt to end La Follette's campaign by promising a Roosevelt-La Follette ticket. La Follette rejected this, but the Pinchots, who faced embarrassment if they switched to Roosevelt after publicly asking La Follette to run, unsuccessfully tried to convince him to withdraw. Many of La

763:

wrote that this speech as "a major milestone in the alienation of progressive Republican sentiment from the Taft administration". The backlash to this speech and Taft's tour led to Lodge to write to Roosevelt about his concerns of La Follette and Cummins tearing the party apart. However, Taft was

662:

additionally advised Taft that Ballinger had, as commissioner, obstructed antitrust investigations into a Seattle developer who later became his legal client. In September, Taft rejected their findings and publicly exonerated Ballinger of wrong-doing and criticized Glavis's zeal. In January 1910,

1028:

arguing the trust was monopolistic in intent. Though Wickersham argued that Roosevelt was innocent of wrongdoing, he suggested the former president had naïvely enabled U.S. Steel. In response, Roosevelt defended his record and denounced the Taft antitrust agenda as "chaotic." Privately, he began

1755:

Taft ended the month with a 50–48% win in Massachusetts. However, due to the Massachusetts ballot offering a presidential preference separate from the delegate vote, Roosevelt won more delegates even though he placed second. By the end of the month, Roosevelt was leading in delegates chosen in

910:

At the end of September, Roosevelt personally appeared at the New York convention in Saratoga. There, delegates rallied to his support and elected him chair rather than Sherman, who had to escort him to the stage for his keynote address. Roosevelt denounced machine politics as "the negation of

1082:

Despite the efforts of Taft supporters, primary elections were adopted by legislation in several states. In addition to the existing binding primary systems in place in California, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oregon, Wisconsin, and New Jersey, Roosevelt supporters successfully lobbied for primary

1586:

On February 2, Roosevelt privately told Johnson that he would run. That same night La Follette gave a disastrous speech to the Periodical Publishers Association in Philadelphia. La Follette, who had recently recovered from ptomaine poisoning, was deprived of sleep, and was distraught over a

671:

that he would "say nothing about politics until I have been home long enough to know the situation" and that he believed the party "must renominate" Taft. Nevertheless, public speculation mounted. Dolliver said, "With Pinchot knocked out and Aldrich put in command, I think you can hear a

467:

At the conclusion of the delegation selection process, Roosevelt had won 411 instructed delegates, Taft had 201, and 254 were contested between the two candidates. Of the remaining delegates, 46 were pledged to the minor candidates Albert B. Cummins and Robert M. La Follette and 166 were

596:

in college, opposed high tariffs. He stated that Aldrich was "ready to sacrifice the party" and told La Follette that he would veto the legislation, but later gave his support to the legislation after meetings with Aldrich and Cannon. He signed the bill into law on August 5, 1909.

1661:

in 1911, the state passed its first primary law. The Dix law did not satisfy progressives; the New York Legislative Voters Association said it could "scarcely be recognized by the name of direct primary." The legislature further amended the law in advance of the 1912 primary; the

1670:

closely associated with Roosevelt during his time as governor, decried the amendments. "All the legislation enacted on the subject of primaries tended to make successful contests against the party machines even more difficult than under the unfair primary law enacted last year."

824:. Some in the press already treated this as the start of a presidential campaign. "It is incredible that there should remain a single American citizen who does not see that Theodore Roosevelt has undertaken a campaign for the presidential nomination in 1912," wrote the 1656:

had aggressively campaigned for a direct primary in 1910 but were unsuccessful, possibly in part because Taft appointed Hughes to the U.S. Supreme Court during the campaign. Republicans lost the New York election in dramatic fashion, and under Democratic governor

683:

on the latter's return journey through Europe, where he shared his and others' criticisms of the Taft administration. Roosevelt then wrote to Lodge of his impression that the administration had "completely twisted round the policies I advocated and acted upon."

1722:. ... I cannot and will not stand by while the opinion of the people is being suppressed and their will thwarted." His campaign strategy changed to emphasize in-person speeches, and he implicitly threatened to bolt the party if not nominated at the convention. 1577:

costumes, but was reminded that La Follette was Taft's only official challenger and repelled from the stage. After the convention voted 118–32 to endorse Taft over La Follette, the chairman went outside and detonated five hundred pounds of high explosives.

898:

As the summer wore on, Roosevelt and Taft's personal relationship deteriorated. Relations between the "insurgents" and the regular Republicans deteriorated as well, as conservatives sought to purge the party of more radical Roosevelt allies like Senator

1742:

Roosevelt's fortunes began to change with the Illinois primary on April 9. In his first primary victory, Roosevelt won 61% of the vote to Taft 29% and La Follette 10%. Roosevelt won every county, though Taft won some Congressional Districts in Chicago.

1714:, he won only a single delegate, who ran unopposed. Overall, he received seven delegates to Taft's eighty-three. Progressives won no party committee races at any level. Taft also swept the Colorado and Indiana conventions held that same night. 4978:

The Texas precinct conventions were held on May 5, followed by county conventions on May 8 and district conventions at some intermediate date, culminating in a state convention on May 28. Delegates were elected at the district and state

1513:

On November 21, Roosevelt's name was officially entered into the Nebraska primary. Unauthorized Roosevelt clubs were founded in Idaho, Montana, Michigan, and Ohio. In December, a group of three progressive state party chairmen, led by

605:?" Though Taft had been a bystander in the tariff's passage, he defended it in a speaking tour soon after its passage into law. He said, "On the whole... I think the Payne bill is the best bill that the Republican Party ever passed." 468:

uninstructed. In the end, Taft won the vast majority of the party conventions, delivering him a working majority outright, and many Roosevelt supporters abstained from voting at the convention before bolting to form their own party.

860:

American who has held high office in our Government" and "more and worse than rank socialism—it is communism at the limit." Privately, Roosevelt admitted to Lodge, "I had no business to take the position in the fashion that I did."

720:

in late 1909 showed that 80% of newspaper editors west of the Allegheny Mountains wanted Cannon removed. Lodge wrote to Roosevelt in November stating that there was an understanding that Cannon would not be reelected speaker of the

9639: 9634: 1746:

In the two weeks following the Illinois primary, Roosevelt won three states. He defeated Taft by a 60-40% margin in Pennsylvania on April 13. Nebraska and Oregon voted on April 19, going to Roosevelt with 59% and 40% respectively.

1595:

as Cecil Lyons of Texas and Pearl Wright of Louisiana, and avoid the possibility that loyalty would evaporate if job-seekers came to believe that Taft could not be re-elected. The Taft forces in the South were organized rapidly by

999:'s government. Roosevelt's editorial criticisms became more strident, though he privately admonished his son, who was becoming active in progressive politics, not to openly endorse a challenger. "My present intention," he wrote to 666:

Still in Africa, Roosevelt declined to publicly comment but privately wrote Pinchot, "I cannot believe it. I do not know any man in public life who has rendered quite the service you have rendered." Separately, he wrote to Senator

1623:

The first presidential preference primary was held in North Dakota on March 19. The North Dakota campaign was unique in that Roosevelt faced La Follette without Taft in the race. The state's progressive organization under Senator

548:

wrote, "No foreign ruler or man of eminence could have aroused more universal attention, received a warmer welcome, or achieved greater popularity among every class of society." He returned to the United States on June 18, 1910.

1738:, "From the first of April until June, he waged one of the most strenuous campaigns in American political history." The results were evident; he nearly swept the remaining primaries and drew close to Taft before the convention. 1686:

in the audience, Roosevelt framed his speech around the subject of boss rule. He received a standing ovation for declaring, "I prefer to govern myself, to do my own part, rather than have the government of a particular class."

4359:

Roosevelt, Theodore. "Roosevelt Delegates, Taft Delegates, Stolen Delegates. (June 17, 1912)." June 17, 1912 - Roosevelt Delegates, Taft Delegates, Stolen Delegates. | Chicago Tribune Archive. N.p., 17 June 1912. Web. 21 Feb.

1587:

life-threatening operation to his daughter, devolved into a harangue of the newspapermen. His gave a confused speech in which he repeated himself constantly over the course of one hour. The next day the Pinchots, Flinn,

3226:

served as Roosevelt's floor manager at the convention. Hadley made a motion for 74 of Taft's delegates to be replaced by 72 delegates after the reading of the convention call, but his motion was ruled out of order.

696:

allying with the Democrats. Twelve Republican representatives refused to vote for Cannon in the 1909 speaker election. Cannon removed his opponents from committee posts and Taft declined to object to these actions.

6458: 928:

turmoil as progressives attacked Roosevelt for supporting Taft and the tariff while conservatives attacked him as using the state's gubernatorial election as a stepping stone to a presidential campaign in 1912.

5696: 5686: 5681: 5676: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5763: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5730: 5725: 5720: 984:. In June, the two men made their final public appearance together in Baltimore; after Roosevelt denied subsequent reports that he had promised to support Taft in 1912, they did not speak for several years. 657:

Immediately after his Spokane speech, Pinchot took his case directly to Taft, claiming that waterpower interests had begun an immense land grab in Montana. Soon after, Pinchot and regional forestry official

5758: 5691: 3258:

and nominated him as an independent candidate for president which Roosevelt accepted although he requested a formal convention. Roosevelt initially considered not running as a third-party candidate until

10012: 711:

from their positions as committee chairs. This produced a progressive backlash and progressives organized candidates to primary Republican incumbents who supported Cannon and the Payne-Aldrich tariff.

1550:, and Stubbs. These four governors had been urging him to run for the presidency, but the idea was almost abandoned when it was leaked. However, he continued with the idea after governors Osborn and 1015:. He testified that his acquiescence to the merger had been necessary to halt the financial panic and generally acquitted himself well in the hearing, receiving praise even from the Democratic 487: 3220:

ruled in favor of Taft for 233 of the delegate cases while 6 were in favor of Roosevelt. The committee reinvestigated 92 of the contested delegates and ruled in favor of Taft for all of them.

1591:, and other La Follette supporters abandoned him for Roosevelt. A rumor spread that La Follette withdrew from the race when in fact he was taking a two-week break due to illness and overwork. 7326: 7305: 1756:

primaries with 179 to 108 for Taft and 36 for La Follette. Due to the fact that just 14 states held primaries, Taft had 428 delegates overall while Roosevelt had 204 and La Follette had 36.

4890:

At the convention, a large number of Roosevelt delegates abstained from voting. For the purposes of the roll call map, their votes are combined with those who cast their vote for Roosevelt.

960:

On January 21, 1911, the National Progressive Republican League was founded in La Follette's home. Its charter membership boasted eight United States Senators (in addition to La Follette,

7235: 5715: 503:

declined entreaties to seek another term in office, keeping to a spontaneous pledge he made upon securing re-election in 1904. His initial choice for a successor was Secretary of State

7411: 1468:

showed Roosevelt leading Taft by 300 votes. In April, Poindexter stated that only Roosevelt could win in 1912. In June, the president of Roosevelt Club of St. Paul, with Pinchot and

1011:

In November, Roosevelt returned to the political stage to testify in front of a congressional committee investigating his oversight of the 1907 partial merger of U.S. Steel and the

4350:"10 FROM SOUTH DESERT TAFT FOR ROOSEVELT (June 17, 1912)." June 17, 1912 - 10 FROM SOUTH DESERT TAFT FOR ROOSEVELT | Chicago Tribune Archive. N.p., 17 June 1912. Web. 21 Feb. 2017. 725:. Taft asked Knox to suggest in "certain Senatorial and other quarters" that this was the best time for Cannon to retire on his own volition. In 1910, a proposal by Representative 1698:

Roosevelt supporters harshly criticized the conduct of the primary. In New York City, the election board used a fourteen-foot-long ballot; at least one newspaper compared it to a

729:

to greatly reduce the power of the speaker was approved by a vote of 191 to 156, with 46 Republicans in support. Cannon did not resign and a motion of dismissal by Representative

3235:

of the southern delegations as every northern state, except for four, voted for McGovern. Hadley was later proposed as a compromise candidate, but that attempt was unsuccessful.

891:, told the press that Roosevelt had begged for the meeting to boost his failing career, Roosevelt was privately incensed and denied the story, annoying Taft in turn. Taft told 9023: 507:, but Root's career as a corporate attorney had rendered him unpalatable to progressives, and he declined to seek the presidency. Instead, Roosevelt endorsed Secretary of War 10280: 9663: 53: 1707:

telegraphed his complaint to Governor Dix, "An apter method of mocking the supposed right of the voter to signify his will at a party primary could not have been devised."

5784: 5779: 429:. Taft's victory at the national convention precipitated a fissure in the Republican Party, with Roosevelt standing for the presidency as the candidate of an independent 9016: 7878: 6509: 6504: 6499: 6494: 6489: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 5794: 5789: 7819: 1083:

legislation in Illinois, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Ohio, and South Dakota. Taft supporters were successful in blocking primary legislation in Michigan.

568:

As part of the 1908 platform, the party pledged itself to "tariff revision," which nearly all observers took to mean a reduction in the record-high rates under the

9649: 9644: 9629: 9624: 9619: 9614: 9609: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 7404: 5880: 1611:

Thus, a tone was set for the Southern campaign; conventions would elect a Taft delegation and Roosevelt supporters would elect a competing slate of delegates.

764:

unaware of the internal disputes as he was surrounded by local leaders and wrote that his tour achieved everything he wanted in a letter to Secretary of State

7781: 5872: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5825: 5820: 5815: 5584: 3231:, a supporter of Taft, was selected to chair the convention after winning 558 votes against McGovern's 501 votes. Root was accused of having won through the 4398: 511:. With Roosevelt's support and steadfast refusal to accept the nomination himself, Taft easily won the Republican nomination and the general election over 100: 10244: 72: 1667: 495:. Instead, he spent the first years of his successor's term touring East Africa and Europe. He is pictured here with a hunting trophy in December 1909. 1094:, and electing a competing slate of delegates. This created a large number of delegate credential contests to be resolved at the national convention. 7397: 2628: 1773:

of Ohio on May 21. One week later, Roosevelt won New Jersey, 56–41%. The primary season wrapped up with South Dakota, where Roosevelt won with 55%.

79: 10031: 10024: 5888: 10234: 10114: 7894: 7841: 6144: 5986: 17: 9983: 7812: 6438: 6433: 5348: 5296: 5265: 5238: 5208: 5906: 957:

what we can with Taft, face probable defeat in 1912, and then endeavor to reorganize under really capable and sanely progressive leadership."

86: 9539: 7264: 6333: 6328: 6323: 6318: 6313: 6308: 1566:

Follette supporters, including the Pinchots and Flinn, secretly contributed to Roosevelt while still campaigning for La Follette in January.

8663: 8643: 8623: 8603: 8583: 8563: 8543: 8523: 8503: 8483: 8463: 8443: 8423: 8403: 8383: 8363: 8343: 8323: 8303: 8283: 8263: 8243: 8223: 8203: 8183: 8163: 8143: 8123: 7786: 7358: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6217: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6162: 6157: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6014: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5994: 4902:

At the end of the selection process, 254 delegates were in dispute between Roosevelt and Taft. These numbers reflect the undisputed totals.

3280: 673: 516: 161: 976:

support in the East, as that candidate. Roosevelt made his first public criticism of Taft administration policy in a spring editorial for

10071: 9959: 904: 68: 10161: 5867: 5833: 1703:

sheets, or election officials were lacking such that no primary was held at all. On primary day, Roosevelt's New York campaign manager

941: 1079:

laws in as many states as possible, believing that the existing convention system would be impassibly dominated by the conservatives.

687:

Through the spring of 1910, as Roosevelt made his return from Europe, Congress held hearings into Taft's handling of the controversy.

8819: 7805: 5838: 5577: 1985: 1281: 1012: 798:

to get the right type of good citizenship, and, to get it, we must have progress, and our public men must be genuinely progressive.

592:, both members of the progressive faction, led the opposition to the tariff legislation in the U.S. Senate. Taft, who studied under 10254: 10086: 10081: 9823: 7429: 7425: 7421: 6417: 6412: 6407: 6402: 6397: 6392: 6387: 1856: 1570: 1062:

Roosevelt supporters criticized the allocation of a large amount of delegates to the South as essentially amounting to a system of

638:

for insubordination in 1910 triggered criticism from progressives. Pinchot immediately lobbied Roosevelt to challenge Taft in 1912.

492: 482: 418: 10076: 9285: 9130: 8682: 7930: 6370: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6349: 3268: 3008: 2740: 1506:, and others refusing to support him. Cummins believed that La Follette would not receive more than 200 votes at the convention. 1170: 734: 430: 830:. Speaking in Denver on August 29, Roosevelt delivered one of his first political speeches since leaving office, denouncing the 10214: 10194: 9969: 9718: 1526:

and consulted with political allies through January on whether or not he should enter the race. In December, governors Stubbs,

936: 780: 515:. Roosevelt, after privately expressing some skepticism over Taft's decision not to retain his cabinet officers, departed for 10239: 10136: 9949: 7257: 5847: 5810: 5320: 5132: 1710:

The result was a landslide for Taft, with those able to vote turning out two-to-one for the President. In Roosevelt's native

7846: 7609: 7352: 7319: 7312: 7298: 7291: 7084: 7079: 7074: 7069: 7064: 7059: 7054: 7049: 7044: 7039: 7034: 7029: 7024: 6571: 5570: 840: 807: 1472:

in attendance, predicted the formation of a new political party under the leadership of Roosevelt, Pinchot, and Garfield.

818:

In advance of the New York convention, Roosevelt embarked on a western tour, ostensibly as an independent commentator for

93: 9838: 8671: 8650: 8630: 8610: 8590: 8570: 8550: 8530: 8510: 8490: 8470: 8450: 8430: 8410: 8390: 8370: 8350: 8330: 8310: 8290: 8270: 8250: 8230: 8210: 8190: 8170: 8150: 8130: 8110: 8086: 8073: 8060: 8047: 8034: 8021: 8008: 7995: 7982: 7969: 7956: 7943: 7917: 7904: 7529: 7445: 7006: 7001: 6996: 6991: 6986: 6981: 6976: 6971: 6966: 6961: 6956: 6951: 6946: 6941: 6936: 6931: 6926: 6921: 6916: 6911: 6906: 6901: 6896: 6891: 6886: 6881: 6876: 6871: 6866: 6861: 6856: 6851: 6846: 6841: 6836: 6831: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6726: 6721: 6716: 6711: 6706: 6701: 6696: 6691: 6686: 6681: 6676: 6671: 6666: 6661: 6656: 6651: 6646: 6641: 6636: 6631: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 3173: 1290: 1178: 1067: 1048: 410: 7271: 10179: 9944: 9529: 9500: 8772: 7228: 7221: 7214: 5593: 1483: 449: 1734:

After losing his home state of New York, Roosevelt personally entered the campaign on April 1. According to historian

456:, a fellow progressive who entered the race early. However, President Taft was equally dominant under the traditional 10121: 9913: 9395: 8748: 8712: 7154: 5106: 4912: 4435:"Plenty of Work For National Committee: Republican Rump Convention in Florida is the Starter; Advantage is With Taft" 3355: 3247:, and Root opposed it as losing the convention would result in the destruction of the Old Guard's political machine. 1479:

endorse Taft for reelection at its 1910 convention, but it failed while delegates cheered at a picture of Roosevelt.

940:

some saw the defeat of the Republican ticket in New York as a personal rebuke of Roosevelt. Republicans lost several

663:

Pinchot took the case public in an open letter to Dolliver, after which Taft promptly fired him for insubordination.

119: 699:

On August 5, 1909, Cannon announced the selection for the permanent committees. This selection removed progressives

519:

and European tour which kept him overseas into 1910, at least in part to give Taft latitude to operate politically.

10091: 9106: 8742: 7828: 7741: 7523: 7439: 7368: 5005: 3478:

Ganoe, John T. (September 1934), "Some Constitutional and Political Aspects of the Ballinger–Pinchot Controversy",

2810: 2685: 969: 932: 887:. Taft reiterated his willingness to support Roosevelt's bid for convention chair. However, when Taft's secretary, 526:

brought him international as well as domestic prestige. He was fêted at the leading European courts, accepted the

9964: 9878: 9843: 8796: 8754: 8730: 8724: 7016: 5920: 988: 1599:, with threats issued to state and local party leaders to return a Taft delegation or face removal from office. 1051:. Unlike the Democratic Party of the time, the Republicans had no unit rule or two-thirds majority requirement. 10184: 9918: 9833: 9783: 9490: 8736: 8706: 7885: 7247: 7132: 7127: 7122: 7117: 7112: 7107: 7102: 6788: 6528: 5052: 5027: 4924:

a.k.a. "winner-take-all" rule, requiring that all delegates vote in accordance with the majority of their state

4841:"TAFT 566 - ROOSEVELT 466. - Present Line-Up of Instructed and Pledged Delegates With All the Contests Decided" 1255: 1148: 992: 414: 57: 1029:

speaking more openly about his willingness to challenge Taft. The response won praise on Wall Street, and the

10249: 9923: 9883: 9873: 9868: 9848: 9793: 9768: 9225: 8760: 8694: 7389: 7192: 7185: 7178: 7171: 7164: 5072: 3217: 614: 991:

had devolved into a prolonged struggle over rates and, though Congress eventually passed a compromise bill,

413:

were selected through a series of primaries, caucuses, and conventions to determine the party's nominee for

10019: 9908: 9798: 9763: 9713: 9698: 8827: 8802: 8766: 8700: 2970: 1024:

Nevertheless, the Department of Justice opened an antitrust case against U.S. Steel, with Attorney General

746: 623:, a progressive and close advisor to Roosevelt. He was replaced by commissioner of the General Land Office 1573:

devolved into anarchy; the local committee chair attempted a stampede for Roosevelt, complete with men in

1542:

On January 12, Roosevelt considered launching his campaign by replying to a joint letter of invitation by

10131: 10046: 10000: 9828: 9723: 9703: 9030: 8790: 8778: 8686: 7699: 4840: 820: 722: 1277: 325: 10051: 9888: 8808: 7653: 7373: 5911: 3232: 2948: 1643:

President Taft's first major victory came in New York's primary on March 26. Just before the vote, the

5225:

Released for Publication: Some Inside Political History of Theodore Roosevelt and His Times, 1898–1918

464:

power could be leveraged in his favor and party bosses were able to maneuver delegations towards him.

10189: 9893: 9858: 9813: 9803: 9788: 9778: 9743: 9708: 8784: 7094: 4513: 3107: 1482:

La Follette announced his campaign on June 17, 1911. His campaign was financially backed by Pinchot,

981: 535: 335: 5562: 5409:"Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and the Disputed Delegates in 1912: Texas as a Case Study" 1139: 9954: 9928: 9903: 9808: 9753: 9748: 9728: 9693: 9683: 5019: 3260: 3076: 3028: 1674:

The campaign for New York opened the night after the North Dakota primary, when Roosevelt spoke at

1476: 4393:"Ed Perry Down and Out: Spectacular Politician Met Waterloo in Coalgate Convention--Taft Endorsed" 9863: 9818: 9758: 9733: 9688: 9455: 9350: 5185: 5044: 1635:

Roosevelt attributed his loss to Democrats who voted for La Follette to embarrass his candidacy.

1460:

political cartoon portrays a diminutive La Follette as the heavy underdog against President Taft.

1329: 911:

democracy". The next day, the convention nominated Roosevelt's preferred candidate for governor,

203: 46: 1464:

In February 1910, a poll of Republican newspaper editors west of the Allegheny Mountains by the

880:

for convention president, an implicit endorsement of the administration against the insurgents.

452:

supported by Roosevelt and his allies, and the primaries were largely dominated by Roosevelt or

10041: 9773: 9738: 9330: 9300: 8098: 7703: 7566: 5957: 5304: 5161: 2773: 2660: 1469: 1000: 884: 868:

Republican politics in New York were divided between factions under the leadership of Governor

512: 3345: 1522:; he again refused to run, but privately, his will had begun to waver. He declined to issue a 10126: 9898: 9853: 8338: 7588: 7204: 5947: 3101: 1823: 1704: 1691:

p.m., except in New York City, where polls did not open until 3 p.m. Votes were collected by

1551: 1491: 1323: 642:

Ballinger's chief critic was his own subordinate, head of the United States Forestry Service

593: 585: 453: 226: 534:, and delivered a series of lectures at leading European institutions, including his famous 10156: 10146: 9415: 9410: 9400: 9250: 9245: 9154: 9136: 9124: 9112: 9100: 9094: 8314: 8294: 8118: 8114: 8068: 5123:

The Bully Pulpit: Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and the Golden Age of Journalism

5116: 2866: 1653: 1531: 869: 769: 589: 581: 577: 563: 531: 445: 1047:

The presidential nomination was decided by a simple majority vote of the delegates to the

8: 10109: 9320: 9058: 8090: 8077: 7973: 7856: 7547: 5169:

Nash, Howard P. (1959). "Chapter Nine: Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Movement".

3137: 2988: 2884: 1809: 1683: 1596: 1503: 1133: 931:

In the fall, Roosevelt campaigned for both progressive and conservative Republicans. The

873: 848: 832: 704: 539: 508: 422: 395: 383: 215: 5170: 4960:

Roosevelt won ten statewide delegates and six district delegates elected simultaneously.

2627:

Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the

1003:, "is to make a couple of speeches for Taft, but not to go actively into the campaign." 836:

decision and accusing the Supreme Court of favoring corporations over "popular rights."

10141: 10006: 9435: 9375: 9265: 9160: 9142: 9118: 9040: 8885: 8867: 8064: 8055: 7977: 7866: 7861: 7851: 7627: 7583: 7503: 7471: 5551: 5526: 5515:"The Gamble for Power: Theodore Roosevelt's Decision to Run for the Presidency in 1912" 5501: 5493: 5461: 5453: 5420: 5392: 5384: 5342: 5309: 5290: 5259: 5232: 5202: 5146: 5013: 3495: 3240: 3169: 2937: 2922: 1816: 1679: 1240: 916: 844: 811: 803: 783:

as governor of California, La Follette defeated his conservative primary opponent, and

730: 708: 500: 426: 221: 7908: 10151: 9485: 9460: 9440: 9390: 9365: 9345: 9335: 9295: 9270: 9172: 9070: 8933: 8921: 8909: 8891: 8855: 8718: 8494: 8474: 8458: 8438: 8358: 8238: 8134: 8025: 8012: 7990: 7986: 7912: 7712: 5505: 5465: 5396: 5316: 5128: 5102: 5096: 5066: 5048: 5023: 4911:

Roosevelt had been elected Vice President in 1900, become President in 1901 upon the

3351: 3250: 3223: 3201: 2872: 2816: 1692: 1547: 1429: 1384: 1372: 1311: 1194: 1025: 961: 888: 775:

Conservative and pro-Taft incumbents suffered multiple losses in the 1910 elections.

765: 752: 700: 668: 624: 620: 527: 441: 856:

a more substantial equality of opportunity and of reward for equally good service."

9514: 9509: 9420: 9340: 9315: 9305: 9178: 9088: 8951: 8927: 8879: 8843: 8158: 8094: 8081: 8051: 8038: 7960: 7947: 7751: 7730: 7722: 7603: 7558: 7378: 5977: 5925: 5485: 5473: 5445: 5376: 5330: 5247: 3487: 3236: 3095: 3082: 3037: 3013: 2954: 2909: 2896: 2847: 2798: 2717: 2701: 2016: 1588: 1569:

Delegate selections began as early as January 23, when the district convention for

1559: 1499: 1452: 1271: 1204: 919:

soon after if he was a candidate for president, Roosevelt replied, "I don't know."

900: 877: 784: 726: 241: 9593: 9524: 9445: 9385: 9280: 9275: 9260: 9255: 9240: 9082: 9064: 9052: 9046: 9005: 8957: 8903: 8354: 8274: 8258: 8254: 8234: 8154: 8138: 7999: 7951: 7934: 7925: 7921: 7759: 7498: 5952: 5142: 5121: 5062: 5038: 3255: 3143: 3057: 3023: 2959: 2828: 2785: 2779: 2752: 2721: 2669: 1735: 1495: 1091: 1063: 996: 760: 756: 716: 643: 635: 9564: 4933:

The Democratic Party ultimately repealed their unit rule at the 1912 convention.

10204: 10199: 10036: 9588: 9583: 9578: 9430: 9380: 9208: 9190: 9148: 8945: 8939: 8897: 8554: 8534: 8198: 8194: 8178: 8174: 8016: 7938: 7671: 7463: 5489: 5404: 4991:

The remainder of the Texas delegates were contested between Roosevelt and Taft.

3192: 3156: 2982: 2976: 2860: 2841: 2822: 1730: 1663: 1658: 1645: 1543: 1523: 1087: 1031: 1017: 965: 945: 892: 680: 573: 569: 544: 434: 7419: 4768: 4507: 3216:

Taft faction of having over 200 fraudulently selected delegates. However, the

10274: 10209: 9534: 9475: 9360: 9184: 8915: 8454: 8434: 8394: 8374: 8334: 8318: 8298: 8042: 8029: 8003: 7637: 7493: 7363: 5962: 5942: 5098:

1912: Wilson, Roosevelt, Taft, and Debs—The Election That Changed the Country

4434: 4392: 3244: 3113: 3063: 3004: 2878: 2804: 2736: 2316: 1711: 1675: 1519: 1487: 912: 852: 776: 651: 440:

For the first time, a large number of delegates were selected through direct

1537: 9554: 9549: 9470: 9450: 9405: 9355: 9325: 9290: 9214: 9196: 8981: 8969: 8861: 8849: 8837: 8654: 8634: 8614: 7964: 3264: 3196: 3131: 3019: 2965: 2890: 2748: 2546: 2195: 1946: 1649:

reported that Taft had won 134 out of the 170 delegates chosen nationwide.

1574: 1527: 1036: 826: 659: 630: 619:

One of the cabinet secretaries not retained by the Taft administration was

5449: 4489: 1246: 9573: 9568: 9559: 9544: 9519: 9505: 9370: 9166: 9076: 8975: 8873: 8594: 8578: 8574: 8558: 8538: 8414: 8398: 8378: 8278: 7679: 7508: 7488: 5092: 5009: 4561: 4559: 4487: 4485: 4483: 4481: 4479: 4477: 4475: 4473: 4471: 4469: 3267:

offered their financial support. Roosevelt and his supporters formed the

3032: 1719: 1629: 1625: 5555: 5539: 5530: 5514: 5457: 5433: 5424: 5408: 9495: 9465: 9425: 9310: 8999: 8993: 8963: 8638: 8618: 8498: 8478: 8218: 8214: 5898: 5497: 5477: 5434:"The 1912 Election and the Rhetorical Foundations of the Liberal State" 5388: 5364: 3499: 3228: 3125: 3119: 2943: 2508: 2432: 1515: 504: 5252:

Backstage in 1912: The Inside Story of the Split Republican Convention

4556: 4466: 3239:

and other conservative Republicans considered Hadley's candidacy, but

196: 9202: 8598: 8518: 5592: 5182:

Parties and Elections in America: The Electoral Process Fifth Edition

4951:

All four Florida delegates were contested between Roosevelt and Taft.

4942:

All four Florida delegates were contested between Roosevelt and Taft.

2116: 1699: 1355: 1339: 461: 246: 5380: 3491: 1562:

and would feel "in honor bound" if it came from the "plain people."

1498:). He was unable to coalesce the progressive movement with Governor 987:

Through the year, Taft's popularity sagged further. His efforts for

189: 35: 10259: 9480: 8987: 8658: 8514: 8418: 7797: 2392: 2237: 2157: 2051: 1917: 1390: 523: 5482:

The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science

5478:"The Operation of the State-Wide Direct Primary in New York State" 5283:

Power and Responsibility: The Life and Times of Theodore Roosevelt

5195:

Conservatives in the Progressive Era: The Taft Republicans of 1912

2082: 1890: 647: 3271:

and Johnson was selected as his vice-presidential running mate.

2613: 5972: 2275: 847:

on August 31. The speech was drafted with advice from Pinchot,

790: 584:, which reduced rates on some imports but raised them on most. 457: 1059:

A total of 1,078 delegates were allocated for the convention.

5158:

Political Parties In American History, Volume 3, 1890-present

2359: 895:

that he and Roosevelt had reached "the parting of the ways."

491:

President Theodore Roosevelt declined to seek re-election in

5540:"The Making of a President—1912: The Northern Negroes' View" 5145:(1946). "Chapter Eight: Old Friends are Friends No Longer". 3738: 3736: 3734: 3516: 3514: 3512: 3510: 3508: 1638: 1628:

committed to La Follette in 1911. The conservatives, led by

5525:(3, Reassessments of Presidents and First Ladies): 633–47. 5175:. Washington, D.C.: Public Affairs Press. pp. 242–267. 4310: 4308: 4306: 4304: 4302: 4300: 4298: 4254: 4252: 4170: 4168: 4166: 4164: 4115: 4113: 4037: 4035: 4033: 3996: 3994: 3981: 3979: 3977: 3964: 3962: 3805: 3803: 3801: 3799: 3700: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3690: 2470: 1416: 1400: 1164: 634:

Taft's decision to fire Chief of the U.S. Forestry Service

236: 7698: 4227: 4225: 4223: 4221: 4219: 4709: 4707: 4705: 4703: 4690: 4688: 4598: 4596: 4594: 4320: 4285: 4283: 4281: 4279: 4018: 3887: 3731: 3721: 3719: 3717: 3715: 3713: 3569: 3567: 3565: 3538: 3505: 3461: 3459: 3457: 1602:

The Roosevelt organization, especially in the South, was

1538:

January: Delegate elections begin and LaFollette declines

1430: 1373: 1312: 1195: 4915:, and been re-elected to a full term of his own in 1904. 4627: 4625: 4623: 4621: 4619: 4617: 4615: 4613: 4611: 4592: 4590: 4588: 4586: 4584: 4582: 4580: 4578: 4576: 4574: 4534: 4532: 4374: 4372: 4370: 4368: 4366: 4295: 4249: 4161: 4137: 4110: 4098: 4030: 3991: 3974: 3959: 3947: 3851: 3796: 3760: 3748: 3687: 3675: 733:

failed. Cannon was replaced in Republican leadership by

5036: 4565: 4493: 4237: 4216: 3315: 3313: 3311: 1322: 6459:

List of candidates by number of primary votes received

4804: 4792: 4780: 4731: 4719: 4700: 4685: 4673: 4661: 4649: 4276: 3863: 3710: 3663: 3651: 3627: 3615: 3603: 3591: 3562: 3526: 3454: 3418: 3298: 3296: 4637: 4608: 4571: 4529: 4454: 4363: 4125: 3935: 3911: 3839: 3827: 3815: 3784: 1581: 1239: 922: 772:

that he may have been mistaken in defending Aldrich.

174:

1,074 delegates to the Republican National Convention

10281:

1912 United States Republican presidential primaries

4823: 4821: 4819: 4414: 4332: 4264: 4204: 4192: 4180: 4149: 4086: 4074: 4062: 4052: 4050: 4006: 3923: 3899: 3772: 3639: 3394: 3308: 4861: 4544: 3875: 3550: 3442: 3430: 3406: 3293: 1984: 1855: 1383: 60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 5308: 5120: 4767: 4506: 4433: 4391: 3382: 3370: 3325: 2788:, former Chief of the United States Forest Service 2672:, former Chief of the United States Forest Service 1534:announced their support for a Roosevelt campaign. 409:From January 23 to June 4, 1912, delegates to the 5594:United States presidential primaries and caucuses 4816: 4047: 3579: 3016:, former prosecutor from San Francisco and Oregon 863: 27:Selection of Republican US presidential candidate 10272: 608: 374: 7562:(incumbent; nominated but died before election) 5148:Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Movement 5068:Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Movement 4762: 4760: 4758: 4756: 4754: 4752: 4750: 4748: 4746: 1725: 839:His trip culminated in a speech calling for a " 69:"1912 Republican Party presidential primaries" 7813: 7405: 5578: 4969:Primary held, but vote figures are not known. 1212: 476: 7359:Graduated Random Presidential Primary System 4743: 3281:1912 Democratic Party presidential primaries 791:Roosevelt's western trip and New Nationalism 737:as Minority Leader after the 1910 election. 133:1912 Republican Party presidential primaries 10072:National Republican Congressional Committee 5337:. Vol. II. New York. pp. 765–814. 5151:. New York: Hill and Wang. pp. 220–55. 5015:The Vital South: How Presidents Are Elected 1759: 951: 905:Republican Congressional Campaign Committee 10162:High School Republican National Federation 7820: 7806: 7412: 7398: 5585: 5571: 5347:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5295:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5264:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5237:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5207:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5004: 4024: 1750: 5472: 5335:The Life and Times of William Howard Taft 5246: 4898: 4896: 3085:, former U.S. Representative from Indiana 1639:March 26: New York, Colorado, and Indiana 1618: 1298: 1013:Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company 1006: 120:Learn how and when to remove this message 10255:Timeline of modern American conservatism 10087:Republican Attorneys General Association 10082:National Republican Senatorial Committee 7426:1912 United States presidential election 5907:Conservative Political Action Conference 5280: 5274: 5192: 4987: 4985: 4774:The Bowling Green Daily Sentinel-Tribune 3079:, U.S. Representative from Massachusetts 3047:List of William Howard Taft endorsements 2912:, former Lieutenant Governor of New York 1729: 1451: 759:and the Payne-Aldrich tariff. Historian 629: 486: 483:1908 United States presidential election 460:and convention systems, where executive 329: 10077:National Republican Redistricting Trust 7662: 7618: 7538: 5537: 5362: 5329: 5115: 4517:. Ishpeming, Mi. 26 Mar 1912. p. 2 4326: 4289: 3893: 3869: 3742: 3544: 3532: 3520: 3400: 3009:Pennsylvania Republican State Committee 2776:, former U.S. Secretary of the Interior 2763:List of Theodore Roosevelt endorsements 2741:Pennsylvania Republican State Committee 2663:, former U.S. Secretary of the Interior 2649:List of Robert La Follette endorsements 1776: 1447: 1361: 1132: 993:the parallel debate north of the border 690: 557: 14: 10273: 10195:Republican National Coalition for Life 5512: 5365:"The Direct Primary in New York State" 5303: 5155: 4893: 4867: 4810: 4798: 4786: 4737: 4725: 4713: 4694: 4679: 4667: 4655: 4631: 4602: 4538: 4460: 4378: 4314: 4258: 4174: 4131: 4119: 4000: 3985: 3968: 3941: 3917: 3845: 3833: 3821: 3809: 3790: 3766: 3704: 3347:Guide to U.S. Elections - Google Books 3319: 1054: 937:United States House of Representatives 10137:Republican National Hispanic Assembly 7801: 7697: 7393: 5566: 5538:Strange, Douglas C. (November 1968). 5432:Kraig, Robert Alexander (Fall 2000). 5431: 5413:The Southwestern Historical Quarterly 5403: 5369:The American Political Science Review 5222: 5179: 5141: 5091: 5061: 4982: 4643: 4550: 4420: 4338: 4270: 4243: 4231: 4210: 4198: 4186: 4155: 4143: 4104: 4092: 4080: 4068: 4056: 4041: 4012: 3953: 3929: 3905: 3881: 3857: 3778: 3754: 3725: 3681: 3669: 3657: 3645: 3633: 3621: 3609: 3597: 3585: 3573: 3556: 3477: 3471: 3465: 3448: 3436: 3424: 3412: 3388: 3376: 3331: 3302: 3022:, attorney, activist, and brother of 2751:, attorney, activist, and brother of 1571:Oklahoma's 4th congressional district 499:In 1908, popular incumbent president 7827: 7353:California Democratic Party v. Jones 5168: 4827: 3343: 3159:, former Lieutenant Governor of Ohio 2607: 1073: 58:adding citations to reliable sources 29: 5484:. 106, The Direct Primary: 142–47. 3254:supporters of Roosevelt met in the 3174:New York Republican State Committee 2850:, U.S. Representative from Nebraska 2782:, former U.S. Secretary of the Navy 2756:(switched endorsement to Roosevelt) 2744:(switched endorsement to Roosevelt) 2725:(switched endorsement to Roosevelt) 2706:(switched endorsement to Roosevelt) 2704:, U.S. Representative from Nebraska 2690:(switched endorsement to Roosevelt) 2674:(switched endorsement to Roosevelt) 2665:(switched endorsement to Roosevelt) 1652:Both Roosevelt and former governor 1228: 1118: 1068:1908 Republican National Convention 1049:1912 Republican National Convention 915:, by a large margin. When asked by 768:. Taft later told Attorney General 411:1912 Republican National Convention 340:First place by convention roll call 24: 10180:Republican Main Street Partnership 5216: 5172:Third Parties in American Politics 5080: 2801:, former U.S. Senator from Indiana 1582:February: The South solid for Taft 1518:of Michigan, visited Roosevelt at 944:, including to Democratic nominee 923:Democratic landslide and aftermath 330:First place by first-instance vote 25: 10292: 10122:Congressional Hispanic Conference 5513:Pavord, Andrew C. (Summer 1996). 5040:Presidential Elections: 1789-1996 4913:assassination of William McKinley 4769:"Review of Week's Political Game" 3204:, U.S. Senator from Massachusetts 3060:, U.S. Senator from Massachusetts 2844:, U.S. Representative from Kansas 1425: 1422: 1368: 1307: 740: 530:in Oslo for his mediation of the 425:was chosen over former president 10092:Republican Governors Association 8631:2020 (Charlotte/other locations) 7369:Rotating Regional Primary System 5281:Harbaugh, William Henry (1961). 5254:. Philadelphia. pp. 80–185. 5101:. New York: Simon and Schuster. 4833: 3066:, U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania 3040:, millionaire furniture retailer 2935:O.K. Davis, former reporter for 2612: 1494:, and Rudolph Spreckels (son of 1475:An attempt was made to have the 1409: 1389: 1348: 1328: 1264: 1245: 1157: 1138: 787:was elected to the U.S. Senate. 334: 324: 202: 195: 188: 139: 34: 4972: 4963: 4954: 4945: 4936: 4927: 4918: 4499: 4426: 4384: 4353: 4344: 2768:U.S. Executive Branch officials 2654:U.S. Executive Branch officials 2603: 1803:Delegates won and popular vote 433:, and the election of Democrat 45:needs additional citations for 18:1912 Nevada Republican caucuses 10185:Republican Majority for Choice 10013:Steering and Policy Committees 5519:Presidential Studies Quarterly 4998: 4905: 4884: 3337: 2813:, U.S. Senator from Washington 2688:, U.S. Senator from Washington 1554:also announced their support. 1256:President of the United States 1149:President of the United States 1035:suggested Roosevelt could be " 989:tariff reciprocity with Canada 864:Schism and New York convention 552: 437:over the divided Republicans. 13: 1: 10250:International Democracy Union 5073:University of Wisconsin Press 3480:The Pacific Historical Review 3286: 3218:Republican National Committee 3210: 3195:, U.S. Senator from Iowa and 2825:, U.S. Senator from Minnesota 1097: 1039:'s candidate for President." 615:Pinchot-Ballinger controversy 609:Pinchot-Ballinger controversy 522:Roosevelt's return trip from 471: 5285:. New York. pp. 412–36. 5193:Wilensky, Norman N. (1965). 4566:Congressional Quarterly 1997 4494:Congressional Quarterly 1997 3344:Kalb, Deborah (2016-02-19). 1726:April 9–19: Roosevelt surges 1668:good government organization 1042: 995:resulted in the collapse of 903:, against whom Taft and the 747:1910 United States elections 7: 10132:Republican Jewish Coalition 10047:Republican Governance Group 5438:Rhetoric and Public Affairs 5363:Feldman, H. (August 1917). 5356: 5227:. Boston. pp. 292–313. 4508:"Twelfth Michigan for Taft" 3274: 2869:, Governor of West Virginia 2863:, Governor of New Hampshire 2831:, U.S. Senator from Montana 1442: 883:Roosevelt met with Taft in 723:62nd United States Congress 601:we would revise the tariff 448:. Primary elections were a 444:rather than local or state 379:Previous Republican nominee 10: 10297: 10052:Republican Study Committee 7374:Interregional Primary Plan 5490:10.1177/000271622310600116 5223:Davis, Oscar King (1925). 3146:, Governor of Rhode Island 3128:, Governor of Pennsylvania 2819:, U.S. Senator from Kansas 1213:Withdrew during convention 1102: 744: 612: 572:of 1898. Instead, Senator 561: 480: 477:1908 presidential election 354: Roosevelt/Not Voting 157:January 23 to June 4, 1912 10227: 10190:Republican Liberty Caucus 10170: 10100: 10062: 9993: 9982: 9937: 9676: 9662: 9602: 9233: 9224: 9015: 8818: 8681: 7877: 7837: 7773: 7740: 7711: 7693: 7651: 7601: 7576: 7521: 7481: 7454: 7437: 7344: 7281: 7245: 7202: 7152: 7143: 7093: 7015: 6787: 6527: 6518: 6451: 6426: 6380: 6342: 6301: 6143: 5985: 5971: 5935: 5897: 5803: 5772: 5705: 5643: 5600: 4514:The Philadelphia Inquirer 3108:Phillips Lee Goldsborough 2946:, founding editor of the 2807:, U.S. Senator from Idaho 2577: 2226: 2009: 1802: 1795: 1790: 1783: 1219: 1109: 982:international arbitration 935:gained a majority in the 755:to defend Representative 679:Pinchot met Roosevelt at 576:and Speaker of the House 536:"man in the arena" speech 372: 320: 180: 172: 149: 137: 9960:Northern Mariana Islands 5644:National opinion polling 5186:Rowman & Littlefield 5085: 5020:Harvard University Press 4877: 4776:. 4 Mar 1912. p. 1. 4402:. 25 Jan 1912. p. 1 3261:George Walbridge Perkins 3116:, Governor of Washington 3077:Augustus Peabody Gardner 3029:George Walbridge Perkins 2881:, Governor of California 1760:Post-primary maneuvering 1477:Republican Party of Iowa 952:Pre-campaign maneuvering 365: 359: 352: 346: 5243:(Roosevelt perspective) 5180:Wayne, Stephen (2008). 5045:Congressional Quarterly 4442:. 7 Feb 1912. p. 3 3122:, Governor of Tennessee 3104:, Governor of Minnesota 2887:, Governor of Wisconsin 1751:April 30: Massachusetts 1287:Defeated at convention: 942:gubernatorial elections 806:, August 31, 1910, 176:538 votes needed to win 10042:Problem Solvers Caucus 7567:Nicholas Murray Butler 5958:South Carolina primary 5544:Negro History Bulletin 5127:. Simon and Schuster. 4025:Black & Black 1992 3256:Chicago Orchestra Hall 3140:, Governor of Delaware 3110:, Governor of Maryland 2893:, Governor of Michigan 2875:, Governor of Missouri 2774:James Rudolph Garfield 2661:James Rudolph Garfield 2623:is missing information 1799:and total popular vote 1739: 1619:March 19: North Dakota 1470:James Rudolph Garfield 1461: 1007:U.S. Steel prosecution 885:New Haven, Connecticut 800: 751:Taft gave a speech in 639: 513:William Jennings Bryan 496: 421:. Incumbent president 10127:Log Cabin Republicans 7742:Socialist Labor Party 7589:Robert M. La Follette 5948:New Hampshire primary 5706:State opinion polling 5450:10.1353/rap.2010.0042 5275:Candidate biographies 5156:Murphy, Paul (1974). 5117:Goodwin, Doris Kearns 4440:The Indianapolis News 3102:Adolph Olson Eberhart 2927:Manhattan Nationalist 2582:388 pledged delegates 1824:Robert M. La Follette 1733: 1705:Charles Holland Duell 1552:Chester Hardy Aldrich 1492:Charles Richard Crane 1455: 1324:Robert M. La Follette 1223:Most recent position 1113:Most recent position 795: 633: 594:William Graham Sumner 586:Robert M. La Follette 490: 454:Robert M. La Follette 227:Robert M. La Follette 10157:Republicans Overseas 10147:Teen Age Republicans 9950:District of Columbia 8351:1964 (San Francisco) 8311:1956 (San Francisco) 7847:National Union Party 7778:Other 1912 elections 5037:Evans, Gary (1997). 3071:U.S. Representatives 2931:Topeka State Journal 2899:, Governor of Kansas 2867:William E. Glasscock 2836:U.S. Representatives 2695:U.S. Representatives 1777:Schedule and results 1654:Charles Evans Hughes 1632:, backed Roosevelt. 1532:William E. Glasscock 1448:Pre-primary campaign 1295:(ran as Progressive) 870:Charles Evans Hughes 770:George W. Wickersham 691:Joseph Gurney Cannon 590:Jonathan P. Dolliver 582:Payne-Aldrich tariff 578:Joseph Gurney Cannon 564:Payne-Aldrich tariff 558:Payne-Aldrich tariff 532:Treaty of Portsmouth 253:Delegate count 54:improve this article 10110:College Republicans 8531:2000 (Philadelphia) 8271:1948 (Philadelphia) 8231:1940 (Philadelphia) 8048:1900 (Philadelphia) 7957:1872 (Philadelphia) 7905:1856 (Philadelphia) 7857:Fourth Party System 7548:William Howard Taft 5162:G. P. Putnam's Sons 4146:, pp. 201–202. 4107:, pp. 185–186. 4044:, pp. 109–110. 3956:, pp. 172–173. 3860:, pp. 153–154. 3757:, pp. 134–135. 3684:, pp. 128–129. 3182:Declined to endorse 3151:Statewide officials 3138:Simeon S. Pennewill 3031:, business aide to 2989:William Allen White 2968:, publisher of the 2957:, publisher of the 2925:, publisher of the 2904:Statewide officials 2885:Francis E. McGovern 2811:Jonathan Bourne Jr. 2720:, publisher of the 2686:Jonathan Bourne Jr. 2625:about endorsements. 1684:Timothy L. Woodruff 1597:William B. McKinley 1504:Albert J. Beveridge 1176:Secured nomination: 1134:William Howard Taft 1055:Delegate allocation 970:Jonathan Bourne Jr. 874:Timothy L. Woodruff 849:William Allen White 833:Lochner v. New York 705:Augustus P. Gardner 674:roar in East Africa 580:worked to pass the 509:William Howard Taft 423:William Howard Taft 396:William Howard Taft 384:William Howard Taft 216:William Howard Taft 134: 10142:Republicans Abroad 10007:Legislative Digest 8471:1988 (New Orleans) 8411:1976 (Kansas City) 8391:1972 (Miami Beach) 8371:1968 (Miami Beach) 8171:1928 (Kansas City) 8035:1896 (Saint Louis) 8022:1892 (Minneapolis) 7867:Sixth Party System 7862:Fifth Party System 7852:Third Party System 7628:Theodore Roosevelt 7584:Theodore Roosevelt 7504:Thomas R. Marshall 7472:Thomas R. Marshall 7272:1900 • 1904 • 1908 6427:Constitution Party 5804:Debates and forums 5601:Election timelines 5270:(Taft perspective) 4399:The Choctaw Herald 4329:, pp. 496–97. 4317:, pp. 179–83. 4261:, pp. 168–70. 4246:, pp. 226–27. 4234:, pp. 226–28. 4177:, pp. 163–66. 4122:, pp. 152–54. 4003:, pp. 149–52. 3988:, pp. 143–45. 3971:, pp. 136–37. 3896:, pp. 651–52. 3812:, pp. 113–16. 3769:, pp. 94–100. 3745:, pp. 643–46. 3707:, pp. 106–09. 3547:, pp. 607–09. 3523:, pp. 607–14. 3241:William Barnes Jr. 3172:, chairman of the 3170:William Barnes Jr. 3134:, Governor of Utah 3098:, Governor of Iowa 3007:, chairman of the 2938:The New York Times 2923:Henry Justin Allen 2739:, chairman of the 1986:Michigan 12th 1817:Theodore Roosevelt 1740: 1680:William Barnes Jr. 1462: 1456:A January 6, 1912 1399:U.S. Senator from 1338:U.S. Senator from 1241:Theodore Roosevelt 917:Ray Stannard Baker 845:Osawatomie, Kansas 812:Osawatomie, Kansas 804:Theodore Roosevelt 731:Albert S. Burleson 709:Henry Allen Cooper 640: 501:Theodore Roosevelt 497: 450:progressive reform 427:Theodore Roosevelt 391:Republican nominee 285:Popular vote 267:Contests won 222:Theodore Roosevelt 132: 10268: 10267: 10223: 10222: 10152:Young Republicans 10020:Senate Conference 9978: 9977: 9658: 9657: 7970:1876 (Cincinnati) 7795: 7794: 7769: 7768: 7713:Prohibition Party 7689: 7688: 7647: 7646: 7604:Progressive Party 7597: 7596: 7517: 7516: 7387: 7386: 7340: 7339: 7336: 7335: 7283:Progressive Party 7017:Libertarian Party 6452:Results breakdown 6447: 6446: 6302:Libertarian Party 5877:Libertarian Party 5474:Overacker, Louise 5331:Pringle, Henry F. 5322:978-0-375-50487-7 5311:Colonel Roosevelt 5248:Rosewater, Victor 5134:978-1-416-54786-0 3728:, pp. 55–61. 3672:, pp. 72–73. 3660:, pp. 69–70. 3636:, pp. 91–93. 3624:, pp. 88–89. 3612:, pp. 67–68. 3600:, pp. 40–44. 3576:, pp. 14–17. 3468:, pp. 31–34. 3427:, pp. 49–50. 3269:Progressive Party 3251:Warren G. Harding 3224:Herbert S. Hadley 3202:Henry Cabot Lodge 2949:Manchester Leader 2873:Herbert S. Hadley 2817:Joseph L. Bristow 2646: 2645: 2598: 2597: 2231: 1857:Oklahoma 4th 1548:Herbert S. Hadley 1440: 1439: 1385:Albert B. Cummins 1366: 1304: 1296: 1210: 1209: 1188: 1074:Selection process 1026:George Wickersham 962:Joseph L. Bristow 889:Charles D. Norton 766:Philander C. Knox 753:Winona, Minnesota 735:James Robert Mann 701:Charles N. Fowler 669:Henry Cabot Lodge 625:Richard Ballinger 621:James R. Garfield 528:Nobel Peace Prize 517:an African safari 446:party conventions 442:primary elections 431:Progressive Party 407: 406: 403: 402: 361: La Follette 316: 315: 168: 167: 130: 129: 122: 104: 16:(Redirected from 10288: 10025:Policy Committee 10001:House Conference 9991: 9990: 9674: 9673: 9231: 9230: 8651:2024 (Milwaukee) 8611:2016 (Cleveland) 8511:1996 (San Diego) 8211:1936 (Cleveland) 8151:1924 (Cleveland) 7931:1864 (Baltimore) 7831: 7830:Republican Party 7822: 7815: 7808: 7799: 7798: 7752:Arthur E. Reimer 7731:Aaron S. Watkins 7723:Eugene W. Chafin 7695: 7694: 7678:Vice President: 7660: 7659: 7636:Vice President: 7616: 7615: 7577:Other candidates 7559:James S. Sherman 7536: 7535: 7524:Republican Party 7482:Other candidates 7470:Vice President: 7452: 7451: 7440:Democratic Party 7414: 7407: 7400: 7391: 7390: 7379:National Primary 7150: 7149: 6789:Republican Party 6529:Democratic Party 6525: 6524: 6486:Republican Party 6463:Democratic Party 6145:Republican Party 5987:Democratic Party 5983: 5982: 5848:Republican Party 5811:Democratic Party 5740:Republican Party 5712:Democratic Party 5673:Republican Party 5650:Democratic Party 5587: 5580: 5573: 5564: 5563: 5559: 5534: 5509: 5469: 5428: 5400: 5352: 5346: 5338: 5326: 5315:. Random House. 5314: 5300: 5294: 5286: 5269: 5263: 5255: 5242: 5236: 5228: 5212: 5206: 5198: 5189: 5176: 5165: 5152: 5143:Mowry, George E. 5138: 5126: 5112: 5076: 5058: 5033: 4992: 4989: 4980: 4976: 4970: 4967: 4961: 4958: 4952: 4949: 4943: 4940: 4934: 4931: 4925: 4922: 4916: 4909: 4903: 4900: 4891: 4888: 4871: 4865: 4859: 4858: 4856: 4855: 4845: 4837: 4831: 4825: 4814: 4808: 4802: 4796: 4790: 4784: 4778: 4777: 4771: 4764: 4741: 4735: 4729: 4723: 4717: 4711: 4698: 4692: 4683: 4677: 4671: 4665: 4659: 4653: 4647: 4641: 4635: 4629: 4606: 4600: 4569: 4563: 4554: 4548: 4542: 4536: 4527: 4526: 4524: 4522: 4510: 4503: 4497: 4491: 4464: 4458: 4452: 4451: 4449: 4447: 4437: 4430: 4424: 4418: 4412: 4411: 4409: 4407: 4395: 4388: 4382: 4376: 4361: 4357: 4351: 4348: 4342: 4336: 4330: 4324: 4318: 4312: 4293: 4287: 4274: 4268: 4262: 4256: 4247: 4241: 4235: 4229: 4214: 4208: 4202: 4196: 4190: 4184: 4178: 4172: 4159: 4153: 4147: 4141: 4135: 4129: 4123: 4117: 4108: 4102: 4096: 4090: 4084: 4078: 4072: 4066: 4060: 4054: 4045: 4039: 4028: 4022: 4016: 4010: 4004: 3998: 3989: 3983: 3972: 3966: 3957: 3951: 3945: 3939: 3933: 3927: 3921: 3915: 3909: 3903: 3897: 3891: 3885: 3879: 3873: 3867: 3861: 3855: 3849: 3843: 3837: 3831: 3825: 3819: 3813: 3807: 3794: 3788: 3782: 3776: 3770: 3764: 3758: 3752: 3746: 3740: 3729: 3723: 3708: 3702: 3685: 3679: 3673: 3667: 3661: 3655: 3649: 3643: 3637: 3631: 3625: 3619: 3613: 3607: 3601: 3595: 3589: 3583: 3577: 3571: 3560: 3554: 3548: 3542: 3536: 3530: 3524: 3518: 3503: 3502: 3475: 3469: 3463: 3452: 3446: 3440: 3434: 3428: 3422: 3416: 3410: 3404: 3398: 3392: 3386: 3380: 3374: 3368: 3367: 3365: 3364: 3341: 3335: 3329: 3323: 3317: 3306: 3300: 3237:James Eli Watson 3096:Beryl F. Carroll 3083:James Eli Watson 3038:Alexander Revell 3014:Francis J. Heney 2991:, editor of the 2971:Washington Times 2955:Medill McCormick 2910:Timothy Woodruff 2897:Walter R. Stubbs 2848:George W. Norris 2799:Albert Beveridge 2718:Medill McCormick 2702:George W. Norris 2641: 2638: 2632: 2616: 2608: 2586: 2229: 1988: 1859: 1826: 1819: 1812: 1800: 1788: 1781: 1780: 1718:"All I ask is a 1678:. Noticing both 1589:Medill McCormick 1510:the convention. 1500:Walter R. Stubbs 1436: 1432: 1415: 1413: 1412: 1393: 1379: 1375: 1364: 1354: 1352: 1351: 1332: 1318: 1314: 1302: 1294: 1270: 1268: 1267: 1249: 1217: 1216: 1205:James S. Sherman 1201: 1197: 1186: 1163: 1161: 1160: 1142: 1107: 1106: 933:Democratic Party 901:Albert Beveridge 878:James S. Sherman 814: 785:Miles Poindexter 727:George W. Norris 375: 368: 366: 362: 360: 355: 353: 349: 347: 341: 338: 331: 328: 233:Home state 206: 199: 192: 182: 181: 151: 150: 144: 143: 142: 135: 131: 125: 118: 114: 111: 105: 103: 62: 38: 30: 21: 10296: 10295: 10291: 10290: 10289: 10287: 10286: 10285: 10271: 10270: 10269: 10264: 10219: 10172: 10166: 10102: 10096: 10064: 10058: 9985: 9974: 9933: 9669: 9667: 9654: 9603:Chair elections 9598: 9220: 9119:D. B. Henderson 9107:T. J. Henderson 9032: 9029: 9027: 9022: 9018: 9011: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8821: 8814: 8687:administrations 8685: 8677: 8571:2008 (St. Paul) 8551:2004 (New York) 7896: 7893: 7891: 7887: 7884: 7880: 7873: 7833: 7829: 7826: 7796: 7791: 7765: 7760:August Gillhaus 7736: 7707: 7685: 7654:Socialist Party 7643: 7607: 7593: 7572: 7555:Vice President: 7527: 7513: 7499:Oscar Underwood 7477: 7443: 7433: 7418: 7388: 7383: 7332: 7277: 7241: 7205:Greenback Party 7198: 7139: 7089: 7011: 6783: 6520: 6514: 6443: 6422: 6376: 6338: 6297: 6139: 5975: 5967: 5953:Nevada caucuses 5931: 5912:Iowa State Fair 5893: 5799: 5768: 5701: 5639: 5596: 5591: 5405:Gould, Lewis L. 5381:10.2307/1944250 5359: 5340: 5339: 5323: 5288: 5287: 5277: 5257: 5256: 5230: 5229: 5219: 5217:Primary sources 5200: 5199: 5135: 5109: 5088: 5083: 5081:Further reading 5055: 5030: 5001: 4996: 4995: 4990: 4983: 4977: 4973: 4968: 4964: 4959: 4955: 4950: 4946: 4941: 4937: 4932: 4928: 4923: 4919: 4910: 4906: 4901: 4894: 4889: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4874: 4866: 4862: 4853: 4851: 4843: 4839: 4838: 4834: 4826: 4817: 4809: 4805: 4797: 4793: 4785: 4781: 4766: 4765: 4744: 4736: 4732: 4724: 4720: 4712: 4701: 4693: 4686: 4678: 4674: 4666: 4662: 4654: 4650: 4642: 4638: 4630: 4609: 4601: 4572: 4564: 4557: 4549: 4545: 4537: 4530: 4520: 4518: 4505: 4504: 4500: 4492: 4467: 4459: 4455: 4445: 4443: 4432: 4431: 4427: 4419: 4415: 4405: 4403: 4390: 4389: 4385: 4377: 4364: 4358: 4354: 4349: 4345: 4337: 4333: 4325: 4321: 4313: 4296: 4288: 4277: 4269: 4265: 4257: 4250: 4242: 4238: 4230: 4217: 4209: 4205: 4197: 4193: 4185: 4181: 4173: 4162: 4154: 4150: 4142: 4138: 4130: 4126: 4118: 4111: 4103: 4099: 4095:, pp. 174. 4091: 4087: 4079: 4075: 4067: 4063: 4055: 4048: 4040: 4031: 4023: 4019: 4011: 4007: 3999: 3992: 3984: 3975: 3967: 3960: 3952: 3948: 3940: 3936: 3928: 3924: 3916: 3912: 3904: 3900: 3892: 3888: 3880: 3876: 3868: 3864: 3856: 3852: 3844: 3840: 3832: 3828: 3820: 3816: 3808: 3797: 3789: 3785: 3777: 3773: 3765: 3761: 3753: 3749: 3741: 3732: 3724: 3711: 3703: 3688: 3680: 3676: 3668: 3664: 3656: 3652: 3644: 3640: 3632: 3628: 3620: 3616: 3608: 3604: 3596: 3592: 3584: 3580: 3572: 3563: 3555: 3551: 3543: 3539: 3531: 3527: 3519: 3506: 3492:10.2307/3633711 3476: 3472: 3464: 3455: 3447: 3443: 3435: 3431: 3423: 3419: 3411: 3407: 3399: 3395: 3387: 3383: 3375: 3371: 3362: 3360: 3358: 3342: 3338: 3330: 3326: 3318: 3309: 3301: 3294: 3289: 3277: 3233:rotten boroughs 3213: 3208: 3207: 3183: 3179: 3178: 3144:Aram J. Pothier 3058:W. Murray Crane 3048: 3044: 3043: 3024:Gifford Pinchot 2993:Emporia Gazette 2960:Chicago Tribune 2829:Joseph M. Dixon 2786:Gifford Pinchot 2780:Truman Newberry 2764: 2760: 2759: 2753:Gifford Pinchot 2722:Chicago Tribune 2670:Gifford Pinchot 2650: 2642: 2636: 2633: 2626: 2617: 2606: 2600: 2585:2,311,036 votes 2584: 2583: 2581: 2568: 2561: 2554: 2549: 2530: 2523: 2516: 2511: 2492: 2485: 2478: 2473: 2454: 2447: 2440: 2435: 2416: 2409: 2402: 2395: 2362: 2345: 2340: 2335: 2326: 2319: 2302: 2297: 2290: 2283: 2278: 2264: 2259: 2252: 2245: 2240: 2228: 2217: 2210: 2203: 2198: 2179: 2172: 2165: 2160: 2143: 2136: 2129: 2124: 2119: 2098: 2092: 2085: 2067: 2061: 2054: 2038: 2033: 2026: 2019: 1989: 1966: 1959: 1954: 1949: 1920: 1893: 1873: 1866: 1860: 1822: 1815: 1808: 1798: 1797: 1792: 1786: 1785: 1779: 1762: 1753: 1736:George E. Mowry 1728: 1641: 1621: 1584: 1540: 1502:, U.S. Senator 1496:Claus Spreckels 1466:Chicago Tribune 1458:Harper's Weekly 1450: 1445: 1426: 1410: 1408: 1404: 1369: 1363: 1349: 1347: 1343: 1308: 1301: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1265: 1263: 1259: 1215: 1191: 1185: 1177: 1174: 1158: 1156: 1152: 1105: 1100: 1092:rump convention 1076: 1064:rotten boroughs 1057: 1045: 1009: 997:Wilfrid Laurier 954: 948:in New Jersey. 925: 866: 841:new nationalism 816: 808:New Nationalism 802: 793: 761:George E. Mowry 757:James A. Tawney 749: 743: 717:Chicago Tribune 693: 644:Gifford Pinchot 636:Gifford Pinchot 617: 611: 566: 560: 555: 485: 479: 474: 398: 393: 386: 381: 373: 364: 363: 358: 357: 356: 351: 350: 345: 344: 343: 342: 339: 332: 321: 175: 173: 145: 140: 138: 126: 115: 109: 106: 63: 61: 51: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10294: 10284: 10283: 10266: 10265: 10263: 10262: 10257: 10252: 10247: 10242: 10237: 10231: 10229: 10225: 10224: 10221: 10220: 10218: 10217: 10212: 10207: 10205:Liberty Caucus 10202: 10200:ConservAmerica 10197: 10192: 10187: 10182: 10176: 10174: 10168: 10167: 10165: 10164: 10159: 10154: 10149: 10144: 10139: 10134: 10129: 10124: 10119: 10118: 10117: 10106: 10104: 10098: 10097: 10095: 10094: 10089: 10084: 10079: 10074: 10068: 10066: 10060: 10059: 10057: 10056: 10055: 10054: 10049: 10044: 10039: 10037:Freedom Caucus 10029: 10028: 10027: 10017: 10016: 10015: 10010: 9997: 9995: 9988: 9980: 9979: 9976: 9975: 9973: 9972: 9970:Virgin Islands 9967: 9962: 9957: 9952: 9947: 9945:American Samoa 9941: 9939: 9935: 9934: 9932: 9931: 9926: 9921: 9916: 9911: 9906: 9901: 9896: 9891: 9886: 9881: 9879:South Carolina 9876: 9871: 9866: 9861: 9856: 9851: 9846: 9844:North Carolina 9841: 9836: 9831: 9826: 9821: 9816: 9811: 9806: 9801: 9796: 9791: 9786: 9781: 9776: 9771: 9766: 9761: 9756: 9751: 9746: 9741: 9736: 9731: 9726: 9721: 9716: 9711: 9706: 9701: 9696: 9691: 9686: 9680: 9678: 9671: 9660: 9659: 9656: 9655: 9653: 9652: 9647: 9642: 9637: 9632: 9627: 9622: 9617: 9612: 9606: 9604: 9600: 9599: 9597: 9596: 9591: 9586: 9581: 9576: 9571: 9562: 9557: 9552: 9547: 9542: 9537: 9532: 9527: 9522: 9517: 9512: 9503: 9498: 9493: 9488: 9483: 9478: 9473: 9468: 9463: 9458: 9453: 9448: 9443: 9438: 9433: 9428: 9423: 9418: 9413: 9408: 9403: 9398: 9393: 9388: 9383: 9378: 9373: 9368: 9363: 9358: 9353: 9348: 9343: 9338: 9333: 9328: 9323: 9318: 9313: 9308: 9303: 9298: 9293: 9288: 9283: 9278: 9273: 9268: 9263: 9258: 9253: 9248: 9243: 9237: 9235: 9228: 9222: 9221: 9219: 9218: 9212: 9206: 9200: 9194: 9188: 9182: 9176: 9170: 9164: 9158: 9152: 9146: 9140: 9134: 9128: 9122: 9116: 9110: 9104: 9098: 9092: 9086: 9080: 9074: 9068: 9062: 9056: 9050: 9044: 9037: 9035: 9013: 9012: 9010: 9009: 9003: 8997: 8991: 8985: 8979: 8973: 8967: 8961: 8955: 8949: 8943: 8937: 8931: 8925: 8919: 8913: 8907: 8901: 8895: 8889: 8883: 8877: 8871: 8865: 8859: 8853: 8847: 8841: 8834: 8832: 8816: 8815: 8813: 8812: 8806: 8800: 8794: 8788: 8782: 8776: 8770: 8764: 8758: 8752: 8746: 8740: 8734: 8728: 8722: 8716: 8710: 8704: 8698: 8691: 8689: 8679: 8678: 8676: 8675: 8672:2028 (Houston) 8668: 8667: 8666: 8648: 8647: 8646: 8628: 8627: 8626: 8608: 8607: 8606: 8588: 8587: 8586: 8568: 8567: 8566: 8548: 8547: 8546: 8528: 8527: 8526: 8508: 8507: 8506: 8491:1992 (Houston) 8488: 8487: 8486: 8468: 8467: 8466: 8448: 8447: 8446: 8431:1980 (Detroit) 8428: 8427: 8426: 8408: 8407: 8406: 8388: 8387: 8386: 8368: 8367: 8366: 8348: 8347: 8346: 8331:1960 (Chicago) 8328: 8327: 8326: 8308: 8307: 8306: 8291:1952 (Chicago) 8288: 8287: 8286: 8268: 8267: 8266: 8251:1944 (Chicago) 8248: 8247: 8246: 8228: 8227: 8226: 8208: 8207: 8206: 8191:1932 (Chicago) 8188: 8187: 8186: 8168: 8167: 8166: 8148: 8147: 8146: 8131:1920 (Chicago) 8128: 8127: 8126: 8111:1916 (Chicago) 8108: 8107: 8106: 8087:1912 (Chicago) 8084: 8074:1908 (Chicago) 8071: 8061:1904 (Chicago) 8058: 8045: 8032: 8019: 8009:1888 (Chicago) 8006: 7996:1884 (Chicago) 7993: 7983:1880 (Chicago) 7980: 7967: 7954: 7944:1868 (Chicago) 7941: 7928: 7918:1860 (Chicago) 7915: 7901: 7899: 7875: 7874: 7872: 7871: 7870: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7854: 7849: 7838: 7835: 7834: 7825: 7824: 7817: 7810: 7802: 7793: 7792: 7790: 7789: 7784: 7774: 7771: 7770: 7767: 7766: 7764: 7763: 7755: 7746: 7744: 7738: 7737: 7735: 7734: 7726: 7717: 7715: 7709: 7708: 7691: 7690: 7687: 7686: 7684: 7683: 7675: 7672:Eugene V. Debs 7666: 7664: 7657: 7649: 7648: 7645: 7644: 7642: 7641: 7632: 7631: 7622: 7620: 7613: 7599: 7598: 7595: 7594: 7592: 7591: 7586: 7580: 7578: 7574: 7573: 7571: 7570: 7563: 7552: 7542: 7540: 7533: 7519: 7518: 7515: 7514: 7512: 7511: 7506: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7485: 7483: 7479: 7478: 7476: 7475: 7467: 7464:Woodrow Wilson 7458: 7456: 7449: 7435: 7434: 7417: 7416: 7409: 7402: 7394: 7385: 7384: 7382: 7381: 7376: 7371: 7366: 7361: 7356: 7348: 7346: 7342: 7341: 7338: 7337: 7334: 7333: 7331: 7330: 7323: 7316: 7309: 7302: 7295: 7287: 7285: 7279: 7278: 7276: 7275: 7268: 7261: 7253: 7251: 7248:Populist Party 7243: 7242: 7240: 7239: 7232: 7225: 7218: 7210: 7208: 7200: 7199: 7197: 7196: 7189: 7182: 7175: 7168: 7160: 7158: 7147: 7141: 7140: 7138: 7137: 7130: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7110: 7105: 7099: 7097: 7091: 7090: 7088: 7087: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7057: 7052: 7047: 7042: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7021: 7019: 7013: 7012: 7010: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6979: 6974: 6969: 6964: 6959: 6954: 6949: 6944: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6924: 6919: 6914: 6909: 6904: 6899: 6894: 6889: 6884: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6864: 6859: 6854: 6849: 6844: 6839: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6793: 6791: 6785: 6784: 6782: 6781: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6744: 6739: 6734: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6669: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6574: 6569: 6564: 6559: 6554: 6549: 6544: 6539: 6533: 6531: 6522: 6516: 6515: 6513: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6487: 6484: 6479: 6474: 6469: 6464: 6461: 6455: 6453: 6449: 6448: 6445: 6444: 6442: 6441: 6436: 6430: 6428: 6424: 6423: 6421: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6384: 6382: 6378: 6377: 6375: 6374: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6346: 6344: 6340: 6339: 6337: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6305: 6303: 6299: 6298: 6296: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6175: 6170: 6165: 6160: 6155: 6149: 6147: 6141: 6140: 6138: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6122: 6117: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6097: 6092: 6087: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5991: 5989: 5980: 5969: 5968: 5966: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5950: 5945: 5939: 5937: 5933: 5932: 5930: 5929: 5923: 5914: 5909: 5903: 5901: 5895: 5894: 5892: 5891: 5886: 5883: 5878: 5875: 5870: 5865: 5860: 5855: 5850: 5844: 5843: 5842: 5841: 5836: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5807: 5805: 5801: 5800: 5798: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5776: 5774: 5770: 5769: 5767: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5737: 5736: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5709: 5707: 5703: 5702: 5700: 5699: 5694: 5689: 5684: 5679: 5674: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5647: 5645: 5641: 5640: 5638: 5637: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5604: 5602: 5598: 5597: 5590: 5589: 5582: 5575: 5567: 5561: 5560: 5535: 5510: 5476:(March 1923). 5470: 5429: 5401: 5375:(3): 494–518. 5358: 5355: 5354: 5353: 5327: 5321: 5305:Morris, Edmund 5301: 5276: 5273: 5272: 5271: 5244: 5218: 5215: 5214: 5213: 5197:. Gainesville. 5190: 5177: 5166: 5153: 5139: 5133: 5113: 5107: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5078: 5077: 5059: 5053: 5034: 5028: 5000: 4997: 4994: 4993: 4981: 4971: 4962: 4953: 4944: 4935: 4926: 4917: 4904: 4892: 4882: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4873: 4872: 4860: 4848:New York Times 4832: 4815: 4813:, p. 174. 4803: 4801:, p. 180. 4791: 4789:, p. 209. 4779: 4742: 4740:, p. 200. 4730: 4728:, p. 187. 4718: 4716:, p. 192. 4699: 4697:, p. 202. 4684: 4682:, p. 207. 4672: 4670:, p. 165. 4660: 4658:, p. 199. 4648: 4646:, p. 202. 4636: 4634:, p. 173. 4607: 4605:, p. 175. 4570: 4568:, p. 150. 4555: 4543: 4541:, p. 181. 4528: 4498: 4496:, p. 149. 4465: 4463:, p. 178. 4453: 4425: 4423:, p. 226. 4413: 4383: 4381:, p. 164. 4362: 4352: 4343: 4341:, p. 229. 4331: 4319: 4294: 4292:, p. 495. 4275: 4273:, p. 231. 4263: 4248: 4236: 4215: 4213:, p. 207. 4203: 4201:, p. 206. 4191: 4189:, p. 205. 4179: 4160: 4158:, p. 210. 4148: 4136: 4134:, p. 160. 4124: 4109: 4097: 4085: 4083:, p. 128. 4073: 4071:, p. 118. 4061: 4046: 4029: 4027:, p. 122. 4017: 4015:, p. 241. 4005: 3990: 3973: 3958: 3946: 3944:, p. 127. 3934: 3932:, p. 172. 3922: 3920:, p. 122. 3910: 3908:, p. 155. 3898: 3886: 3874: 3872:, p. 650. 3862: 3850: 3848:, p. 117. 3838: 3836:, p. 103. 3826: 3824:, p. 101. 3814: 3795: 3793:, p. 113. 3783: 3781:, p. 139. 3771: 3759: 3747: 3730: 3709: 3686: 3674: 3662: 3650: 3648:, p. 164. 3638: 3626: 3614: 3602: 3590: 3578: 3561: 3549: 3537: 3535:, p. 606. 3525: 3504: 3486:(3): 323–333, 3470: 3453: 3441: 3429: 3417: 3405: 3393: 3381: 3369: 3356: 3336: 3324: 3322:, p. 176. 3307: 3305:, p. 113. 3291: 3290: 3288: 3285: 3284: 3283: 3276: 3273: 3212: 3209: 3206: 3205: 3199: 3193:Albert Cummins 3189: 3188: 3184: 3181: 3180: 3177: 3176: 3166: 3165: 3161: 3160: 3157:Warren Harding 3153: 3152: 3148: 3147: 3141: 3135: 3129: 3123: 3117: 3111: 3105: 3099: 3092: 3091: 3087: 3086: 3080: 3073: 3072: 3068: 3067: 3061: 3054: 3053: 3049: 3046: 3045: 3042: 3041: 3035: 3026: 3017: 3011: 3001: 3000: 2996: 2995: 2986: 2983:New York Press 2977:Boston Journal 2963: 2952: 2941: 2933: 2919: 2918: 2914: 2913: 2906: 2905: 2901: 2900: 2894: 2888: 2882: 2876: 2870: 2864: 2861:Robert P. Bass 2857: 2856: 2852: 2851: 2845: 2842:Victor Murdock 2838: 2837: 2833: 2832: 2826: 2823:Moses E. Clapp 2820: 2814: 2808: 2802: 2795: 2794: 2790: 2789: 2783: 2777: 2770: 2769: 2765: 2762: 2761: 2758: 2757: 2745: 2732: 2731: 2727: 2726: 2713: 2712: 2708: 2707: 2697: 2696: 2692: 2691: 2681: 2680: 2676: 2675: 2666: 2656: 2655: 2651: 2648: 2647: 2644: 2643: 2620: 2618: 2611: 2605: 2602: 2596: 2595: 2593: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2575: 2574: 2572: 2570: 2565: 2556: 2551: 2544: 2541: 2537: 2536: 2534: 2532: 2527: 2518: 2513: 2506: 2503: 2499: 2498: 2496: 2494: 2489: 2480: 2475: 2468: 2465: 2461: 2460: 2458: 2456: 2451: 2442: 2437: 2430: 2427: 2423: 2422: 2420: 2418: 2413: 2404: 2397: 2390: 2387: 2383: 2382: 2380: 2377: 2374: 2369: 2364: 2357: 2354: 2350: 2349: 2347: 2342: 2337: 2330: 2321: 2314: 2311: 2307: 2306: 2304: 2299: 2294: 2285: 2280: 2273: 2269: 2268: 2266: 2261: 2256: 2247: 2242: 2235: 2232: 2224: 2223: 2221: 2219: 2214: 2205: 2200: 2193: 2190: 2186: 2185: 2183: 2181: 2176: 2167: 2162: 2155: 2152: 2148: 2147: 2145: 2140: 2131: 2126: 2121: 2114: 2111: 2107: 2106: 2104: 2102: 2100: 2096: 2087: 2080: 2076: 2075: 2073: 2071: 2069: 2065: 2056: 2049: 2045: 2044: 2042: 2040: 2035: 2030: 2021: 2014: 2011: 2007: 2006: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1996: 1991: 1982: 1979: 1975: 1974: 1972: 1970: 1961: 1956: 1951: 1944: 1941: 1937: 1936: 1934: 1932: 1930: 1925: 1922: 1915: 1912: 1908: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1901: 1899: 1895: 1888: 1885: 1881: 1880: 1878: 1875: 1871: 1869: 1862: 1853: 1850: 1846: 1845: 1843: 1841: 1839: 1837: 1834: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1820: 1813: 1805: 1804: 1801: 1794: 1789: 1787:(daily totals) 1778: 1775: 1761: 1758: 1752: 1749: 1727: 1724: 1664:Citizens Union 1659:John Alden Dix 1646:New York Times 1640: 1637: 1620: 1617: 1583: 1580: 1544:Robert P. Bass 1539: 1536: 1524:Sherman pledge 1449: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1438: 1437: 1424: 1421: 1419: 1406: 1396: 1394: 1387: 1381: 1380: 1367: 1360: 1358: 1345: 1335: 1333: 1326: 1320: 1319: 1306: 1297: 1274: 1261: 1252: 1250: 1243: 1237: 1236: 1233: 1230: 1227: 1224: 1221: 1214: 1211: 1208: 1207: 1202: 1189: 1182: 1167: 1154: 1145: 1143: 1136: 1130: 1129: 1126: 1123: 1120: 1117: 1114: 1111: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1075: 1072: 1056: 1053: 1044: 1041: 1032:New York World 1018:New York Times 1008: 1005: 968:, Norris, and 966:Moses E. Clapp 953: 950: 946:Woodrow Wilson 924: 921: 907:raised funds. 893:Archibald Butt 865: 862: 794: 792: 789: 745:Main article: 742: 741:1910 elections 739: 714:A poll by the 692: 689: 681:Porto Maurizio 613:Main article: 610: 607: 574:Nelson Aldrich 570:Dingley Tariff 562:Main article: 559: 556: 554: 551: 545:New York Times 481:Main article: 478: 475: 473: 470: 435:Woodrow Wilson 405: 404: 401: 400: 388: 370: 369: 333: 323: 322: 318: 317: 314: 313: 310: 305: 302: 298: 297: 294: 289: 286: 282: 281: 278: 273: 268: 264: 263: 260: 257: 254: 250: 249: 244: 239: 234: 230: 229: 224: 219: 212: 208: 207: 200: 193: 186: 178: 177: 170: 169: 166: 165: 159: 154: 147: 146: 128: 127: 42: 40: 33: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10293: 10282: 10279: 10278: 10276: 10261: 10258: 10256: 10253: 10251: 10248: 10246: 10243: 10241: 10238: 10236: 10233: 10232: 10230: 10226: 10216: 10215:The Wish List 10213: 10211: 10210:Ripon Society 10208: 10206: 10203: 10201: 10198: 10196: 10193: 10191: 10188: 10186: 10183: 10181: 10178: 10177: 10175: 10169: 10163: 10160: 10158: 10155: 10153: 10150: 10148: 10145: 10143: 10140: 10138: 10135: 10133: 10130: 10128: 10125: 10123: 10120: 10116: 10113: 10112: 10111: 10108: 10107: 10105: 10099: 10093: 10090: 10088: 10085: 10083: 10080: 10078: 10075: 10073: 10070: 10069: 10067: 10061: 10053: 10050: 10048: 10045: 10043: 10040: 10038: 10035: 10034: 10033: 10030: 10026: 10023: 10022: 10021: 10018: 10014: 10011: 10009: 10008: 10004: 10003: 10002: 9999: 9998: 9996: 9992: 9989: 9987: 9986:organizations 9981: 9971: 9968: 9966: 9963: 9961: 9958: 9956: 9953: 9951: 9948: 9946: 9943: 9942: 9940: 9936: 9930: 9927: 9925: 9922: 9920: 9919:West Virginia 9917: 9915: 9912: 9910: 9907: 9905: 9902: 9900: 9897: 9895: 9892: 9890: 9887: 9885: 9882: 9880: 9877: 9875: 9872: 9870: 9867: 9865: 9862: 9860: 9857: 9855: 9852: 9850: 9847: 9845: 9842: 9840: 9837: 9835: 9832: 9830: 9827: 9825: 9824:New Hampshire 9822: 9820: 9817: 9815: 9812: 9810: 9807: 9805: 9802: 9800: 9797: 9795: 9792: 9790: 9787: 9785: 9784:Massachusetts 9782: 9780: 9777: 9775: 9772: 9770: 9767: 9765: 9762: 9760: 9757: 9755: 9752: 9750: 9747: 9745: 9742: 9740: 9737: 9735: 9732: 9730: 9727: 9725: 9722: 9720: 9717: 9715: 9712: 9710: 9707: 9705: 9702: 9700: 9697: 9695: 9692: 9690: 9687: 9685: 9682: 9681: 9679: 9675: 9672: 9665: 9661: 9651: 9648: 9646: 9643: 9641: 9638: 9636: 9633: 9631: 9628: 9626: 9623: 9621: 9618: 9616: 9613: 9611: 9608: 9607: 9605: 9601: 9595: 9592: 9590: 9587: 9585: 9582: 9580: 9577: 9575: 9572: 9570: 9566: 9563: 9561: 9558: 9556: 9553: 9551: 9548: 9546: 9543: 9541: 9538: 9536: 9533: 9531: 9528: 9526: 9523: 9521: 9518: 9516: 9513: 9511: 9507: 9504: 9502: 9499: 9497: 9494: 9492: 9489: 9487: 9484: 9482: 9479: 9477: 9474: 9472: 9469: 9467: 9464: 9462: 9459: 9457: 9454: 9452: 9449: 9447: 9444: 9442: 9439: 9437: 9434: 9432: 9429: 9427: 9424: 9422: 9419: 9417: 9414: 9412: 9409: 9407: 9404: 9402: 9399: 9397: 9394: 9392: 9389: 9387: 9384: 9382: 9379: 9377: 9374: 9372: 9369: 9367: 9364: 9362: 9359: 9357: 9354: 9352: 9349: 9347: 9344: 9342: 9339: 9337: 9334: 9332: 9329: 9327: 9324: 9322: 9319: 9317: 9314: 9312: 9309: 9307: 9304: 9302: 9299: 9297: 9294: 9292: 9289: 9287: 9284: 9282: 9279: 9277: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9239: 9238: 9236: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9223: 9216: 9213: 9210: 9207: 9204: 9201: 9198: 9195: 9192: 9189: 9186: 9183: 9180: 9177: 9174: 9171: 9168: 9165: 9162: 9159: 9156: 9153: 9150: 9147: 9144: 9141: 9138: 9135: 9132: 9129: 9126: 9123: 9120: 9117: 9114: 9111: 9108: 9105: 9102: 9099: 9096: 9093: 9090: 9087: 9084: 9081: 9078: 9075: 9072: 9069: 9066: 9063: 9060: 9057: 9054: 9051: 9048: 9045: 9042: 9039: 9038: 9036: 9034: 9025: 9020: 9014: 9007: 9004: 9001: 8998: 8995: 8992: 8989: 8986: 8983: 8980: 8977: 8974: 8971: 8968: 8965: 8962: 8959: 8956: 8953: 8950: 8947: 8944: 8941: 8938: 8935: 8932: 8929: 8926: 8923: 8920: 8917: 8914: 8911: 8908: 8905: 8902: 8899: 8896: 8893: 8890: 8887: 8884: 8881: 8878: 8875: 8872: 8869: 8866: 8863: 8860: 8857: 8854: 8851: 8848: 8845: 8842: 8839: 8836: 8835: 8833: 8831: 8823: 8817: 8810: 8807: 8804: 8801: 8798: 8797:G. H. W. Bush 8795: 8792: 8789: 8786: 8783: 8780: 8777: 8774: 8771: 8768: 8765: 8762: 8759: 8756: 8753: 8750: 8747: 8744: 8741: 8738: 8735: 8732: 8729: 8726: 8723: 8720: 8717: 8714: 8711: 8708: 8705: 8702: 8699: 8696: 8693: 8692: 8690: 8688: 8684: 8680: 8674: 8673: 8669: 8665: 8662: 8661: 8660: 8656: 8652: 8649: 8645: 8642: 8641: 8640: 8636: 8632: 8629: 8625: 8622: 8621: 8620: 8616: 8612: 8609: 8605: 8602: 8601: 8600: 8596: 8592: 8589: 8585: 8582: 8581: 8580: 8576: 8572: 8569: 8565: 8562: 8561: 8560: 8556: 8552: 8549: 8545: 8542: 8541: 8540: 8536: 8532: 8529: 8525: 8522: 8521: 8520: 8516: 8512: 8509: 8505: 8502: 8501: 8500: 8496: 8495:G. H. W. Bush 8492: 8489: 8485: 8482: 8481: 8480: 8476: 8475:G. H. W. Bush 8472: 8469: 8465: 8462: 8461: 8460: 8459:G. H. W. Bush 8456: 8452: 8451:1984 (Dallas) 8449: 8445: 8442: 8441: 8440: 8439:G. H. W. Bush 8436: 8432: 8429: 8425: 8422: 8421: 8420: 8416: 8412: 8409: 8405: 8402: 8401: 8400: 8396: 8392: 8389: 8385: 8382: 8381: 8380: 8376: 8372: 8369: 8365: 8362: 8361: 8360: 8356: 8352: 8349: 8345: 8342: 8341: 8340: 8336: 8332: 8329: 8325: 8322: 8321: 8320: 8316: 8312: 8309: 8305: 8302: 8301: 8300: 8296: 8292: 8289: 8285: 8282: 8281: 8280: 8276: 8272: 8269: 8265: 8262: 8261: 8260: 8256: 8252: 8249: 8245: 8242: 8241: 8240: 8236: 8232: 8229: 8225: 8222: 8221: 8220: 8216: 8212: 8209: 8205: 8202: 8201: 8200: 8196: 8192: 8189: 8185: 8182: 8181: 8180: 8176: 8172: 8169: 8165: 8162: 8161: 8160: 8156: 8152: 8149: 8145: 8142: 8141: 8140: 8136: 8132: 8129: 8125: 8122: 8121: 8120: 8116: 8112: 8109: 8105: 8102: 8101: 8100: 8096: 8092: 8088: 8085: 8083: 8079: 8075: 8072: 8070: 8066: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8053: 8049: 8046: 8044: 8040: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8027: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8014: 8010: 8007: 8005: 8001: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7988: 7984: 7981: 7979: 7975: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7962: 7958: 7955: 7953: 7949: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7936: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7923: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7910: 7906: 7903: 7902: 7900: 7898: 7889: 7882: 7876: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7844: 7843: 7840: 7839: 7836: 7832: 7823: 7818: 7816: 7811: 7809: 7804: 7803: 7800: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7779: 7776: 7775: 7772: 7762: 7761: 7756: 7754: 7753: 7748: 7747: 7745: 7743: 7739: 7733: 7732: 7727: 7725: 7724: 7719: 7718: 7716: 7714: 7710: 7705: 7701: 7696: 7692: 7682: 7681: 7676: 7674: 7673: 7668: 7667: 7665: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7655: 7650: 7640: 7639: 7638:Hiram Johnson 7634: 7633: 7630: 7629: 7624: 7623: 7621: 7617: 7614: 7611: 7606: 7605: 7600: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7582: 7581: 7579: 7575: 7569: 7568: 7564: 7561: 7560: 7556: 7553: 7550: 7549: 7544: 7543: 7541: 7537: 7534: 7531: 7526: 7525: 7520: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7494:Judson Harmon 7492: 7490: 7487: 7486: 7484: 7480: 7474: 7473: 7468: 7466: 7465: 7460: 7459: 7457: 7453: 7450: 7447: 7442: 7441: 7436: 7431: 7427: 7423: 7415: 7410: 7408: 7403: 7401: 7396: 7395: 7392: 7380: 7377: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7367: 7365: 7364:Delaware Plan 7362: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7354: 7350: 7349: 7347: 7343: 7329: 7328: 7324: 7322: 7321: 7317: 7315: 7314: 7310: 7308: 7307: 7303: 7301: 7300: 7296: 7294: 7293: 7289: 7288: 7286: 7284: 7280: 7274: 7273: 7269: 7267: 7266: 7262: 7260: 7259: 7255: 7254: 7252: 7250: 7249: 7244: 7238: 7237: 7233: 7231: 7230: 7226: 7224: 7223: 7219: 7217: 7216: 7212: 7211: 7209: 7207: 7206: 7201: 7195: 7194: 7190: 7188: 7187: 7183: 7181: 7180: 7176: 7174: 7173: 7169: 7167: 7166: 7162: 7161: 7159: 7157: 7156: 7151: 7148: 7146: 7142: 7136: 7135: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7100: 7098: 7096: 7092: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7048: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7022: 7020: 7018: 7014: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6978: 6975: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6794: 6792: 6790: 6786: 6780: 6779: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6575: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6534: 6532: 6530: 6526: 6523: 6517: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6456: 6454: 6450: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6431: 6429: 6425: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6385: 6383: 6379: 6373: 6372: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6347: 6345: 6341: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6306: 6304: 6300: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6150: 6148: 6146: 6142: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5992: 5990: 5988: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5974: 5970: 5964: 5963:Super Tuesday 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5943:Iowa caucuses 5941: 5940: 5938: 5934: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5904: 5902: 5900: 5896: 5890: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5871: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5856: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5845: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5831: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5808: 5806: 5802: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5777: 5775: 5771: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5739: 5738: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5711: 5710: 5708: 5704: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5649: 5648: 5646: 5642: 5636: 5635: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5605: 5603: 5599: 5595: 5588: 5583: 5581: 5576: 5574: 5569: 5568: 5565: 5557: 5553: 5549: 5545: 5541: 5536: 5532: 5528: 5524: 5520: 5516: 5511: 5507: 5503: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5487: 5483: 5479: 5475: 5471: 5467: 5463: 5459: 5455: 5451: 5447: 5444:(3): 363–95. 5443: 5439: 5435: 5430: 5426: 5422: 5418: 5414: 5410: 5407:(July 1976). 5406: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5386: 5382: 5378: 5374: 5370: 5366: 5361: 5360: 5350: 5344: 5336: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5318: 5313: 5312: 5306: 5302: 5298: 5292: 5284: 5279: 5278: 5267: 5261: 5253: 5249: 5245: 5240: 5234: 5226: 5221: 5220: 5210: 5204: 5196: 5191: 5187: 5183: 5178: 5174: 5173: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5154: 5150: 5149: 5144: 5140: 5136: 5130: 5125: 5124: 5118: 5114: 5110: 5108:0-7432-0394-1 5104: 5100: 5099: 5094: 5090: 5089: 5074: 5070: 5069: 5064: 5063:Mowry, George 5060: 5056: 5050: 5046: 5042: 5041: 5035: 5031: 5025: 5021: 5017: 5016: 5011: 5007: 5003: 5002: 4988: 4986: 4975: 4966: 4957: 4948: 4939: 4930: 4921: 4914: 4908: 4899: 4897: 4887: 4883: 4869: 4864: 4849: 4842: 4836: 4829: 4824: 4822: 4820: 4812: 4807: 4800: 4795: 4788: 4783: 4775: 4770: 4763: 4761: 4759: 4757: 4755: 4753: 4751: 4749: 4747: 4739: 4734: 4727: 4722: 4715: 4710: 4708: 4706: 4704: 4696: 4691: 4689: 4681: 4676: 4669: 4664: 4657: 4652: 4645: 4640: 4633: 4628: 4626: 4624: 4622: 4620: 4618: 4616: 4614: 4612: 4604: 4599: 4597: 4595: 4593: 4591: 4589: 4587: 4585: 4583: 4581: 4579: 4577: 4575: 4567: 4562: 4560: 4553:, p. 45. 4552: 4547: 4540: 4535: 4533: 4516: 4515: 4509: 4502: 4495: 4490: 4488: 4486: 4484: 4482: 4480: 4478: 4476: 4474: 4472: 4470: 4462: 4457: 4441: 4436: 4429: 4422: 4417: 4401: 4400: 4394: 4387: 4380: 4375: 4373: 4371: 4369: 4367: 4356: 4347: 4340: 4335: 4328: 4323: 4316: 4311: 4309: 4307: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4299: 4291: 4286: 4284: 4282: 4280: 4272: 4267: 4260: 4255: 4253: 4245: 4240: 4233: 4228: 4226: 4224: 4222: 4220: 4212: 4207: 4200: 4195: 4188: 4183: 4176: 4171: 4169: 4167: 4165: 4157: 4152: 4145: 4140: 4133: 4128: 4121: 4116: 4114: 4106: 4101: 4094: 4089: 4082: 4077: 4070: 4065: 4058: 4053: 4051: 4043: 4038: 4036: 4034: 4026: 4021: 4014: 4009: 4002: 3997: 3995: 3987: 3982: 3980: 3978: 3970: 3965: 3963: 3955: 3950: 3943: 3938: 3931: 3926: 3919: 3914: 3907: 3902: 3895: 3890: 3884:, p. 94. 3883: 3878: 3871: 3866: 3859: 3854: 3847: 3842: 3835: 3830: 3823: 3818: 3811: 3806: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3792: 3787: 3780: 3775: 3768: 3763: 3756: 3751: 3744: 3739: 3737: 3735: 3727: 3722: 3720: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3706: 3701: 3699: 3697: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3683: 3678: 3671: 3666: 3659: 3654: 3647: 3642: 3635: 3630: 3623: 3618: 3611: 3606: 3599: 3594: 3587: 3582: 3575: 3570: 3568: 3566: 3559:, p. 14. 3558: 3553: 3546: 3541: 3534: 3529: 3522: 3517: 3515: 3513: 3511: 3509: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3474: 3467: 3462: 3460: 3458: 3451:, p. 56. 3450: 3445: 3439:, p. 45. 3438: 3433: 3426: 3421: 3415:, p. 17. 3414: 3409: 3402: 3397: 3391:, p. 28. 3390: 3385: 3379:, p. 44. 3378: 3373: 3359: 3357:9781483380353 3353: 3349: 3348: 3340: 3334:, p. 33. 3333: 3328: 3321: 3316: 3314: 3312: 3304: 3299: 3297: 3292: 3282: 3279: 3278: 3272: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3257: 3252: 3248: 3246: 3245:Boies Penrose 3242: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3225: 3221: 3219: 3203: 3200: 3198: 3194: 3191: 3190: 3187:U.S. Senators 3186: 3185: 3175: 3171: 3168: 3167: 3163: 3162: 3158: 3155: 3154: 3150: 3149: 3145: 3142: 3139: 3136: 3133: 3130: 3127: 3124: 3121: 3118: 3115: 3114:Marion E. Hay 3112: 3109: 3106: 3103: 3100: 3097: 3094: 3093: 3089: 3088: 3084: 3081: 3078: 3075: 3074: 3070: 3069: 3065: 3064:Boies Penrose 3062: 3059: 3056: 3055: 3052:U.S. Senators 3051: 3050: 3039: 3036: 3034: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3021: 3018: 3015: 3012: 3010: 3006: 3005:William Flinn 3003: 3002: 2998: 2997: 2994: 2990: 2987: 2985: 2984: 2979: 2978: 2973: 2972: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2961: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2950: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2939: 2934: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2921: 2920: 2916: 2915: 2911: 2908: 2907: 2903: 2902: 2898: 2895: 2892: 2889: 2886: 2883: 2880: 2879:Hiram Johnson 2877: 2874: 2871: 2868: 2865: 2862: 2859: 2858: 2854: 2853: 2849: 2846: 2843: 2840: 2839: 2835: 2834: 2830: 2827: 2824: 2821: 2818: 2815: 2812: 2809: 2806: 2805:William Borah 2803: 2800: 2797: 2796: 2793:U.S. Senators 2792: 2791: 2787: 2784: 2781: 2778: 2775: 2772: 2771: 2767: 2766: 2755: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2743: 2742: 2738: 2737:William Flinn 2734: 2733: 2729: 2728: 2724: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2714: 2710: 2709: 2705: 2703: 2699: 2698: 2694: 2693: 2689: 2687: 2683: 2682: 2679:U.S. Senators 2678: 2677: 2673: 2671: 2667: 2664: 2662: 2658: 2657: 2653: 2652: 2640: 2630: 2624: 2621:This article 2619: 2615: 2610: 2609: 2601: 2594: 2592: 2590: 2588: 2580: 2576: 2573: 2571: 2566: 2564: 2560: 2557: 2552: 2548: 2545: 2542: 2539: 2538: 2535: 2533: 2528: 2526: 2522: 2519: 2514: 2510: 2507: 2504: 2501: 2500: 2497: 2495: 2490: 2488: 2484: 2481: 2476: 2472: 2469: 2466: 2463: 2462: 2459: 2457: 2452: 2450: 2446: 2443: 2438: 2434: 2431: 2428: 2425: 2424: 2421: 2419: 2414: 2412: 2408: 2405: 2401: 2398: 2394: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2384: 2381: 2378: 2375: 2373: 2370: 2368: 2365: 2361: 2358: 2355: 2352: 2351: 2348: 2343: 2338: 2334: 2331: 2329: 2325: 2322: 2318: 2317:Massachusetts 2315: 2312: 2309: 2308: 2305: 2300: 2295: 2293: 2289: 2286: 2281: 2277: 2274: 2271: 2270: 2267: 2262: 2257: 2255: 2251: 2248: 2243: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2225: 2222: 2220: 2215: 2213: 2209: 2206: 2201: 2197: 2194: 2191: 2188: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2177: 2175: 2171: 2168: 2163: 2159: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2149: 2146: 2141: 2139: 2135: 2132: 2127: 2122: 2118: 2115: 2112: 2109: 2108: 2105: 2103: 2101: 2097: 2095: 2091: 2088: 2084: 2081: 2078: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2070: 2066: 2064: 2060: 2057: 2053: 2050: 2047: 2046: 2043: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2029: 2025: 2022: 2018: 2015: 2012: 2008: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1997: 1995: 1992: 1987: 1983: 1980: 1977: 1976: 1973: 1971: 1969: 1965: 1962: 1957: 1952: 1948: 1945: 1942: 1939: 1938: 1935: 1933: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1923: 1919: 1916: 1913: 1910: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1902: 1900: 1898: 1896: 1892: 1889: 1886: 1883: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1872: 1870: 1868: 1863: 1858: 1854: 1851: 1848: 1847: 1844: 1842: 1840: 1838: 1836: 1835: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1821: 1818: 1814: 1811: 1807: 1806: 1791:Total pledged 1782: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1757: 1748: 1744: 1737: 1732: 1723: 1721: 1715: 1713: 1712:New York City 1708: 1706: 1701: 1696: 1694: 1693:secret ballot 1688: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1676:Carnegie Hall 1672: 1669: 1665: 1660: 1655: 1650: 1648: 1647: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1627: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1605: 1600: 1598: 1592: 1590: 1579: 1576: 1572: 1567: 1563: 1561: 1555: 1553: 1549: 1546:, Glasscock, 1545: 1535: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1520:Sagamore Hill 1517: 1511: 1507: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1488:William Flinn 1485: 1480: 1478: 1473: 1471: 1467: 1459: 1454: 1434: 1433: 1420: 1418: 1407: 1403: 1402: 1397: 1395: 1392: 1388: 1386: 1382: 1377: 1376: 1359: 1357: 1346: 1342: 1341: 1336: 1334: 1331: 1327: 1325: 1321: 1316: 1315: 1305: 1292: 1291:June 22, 1912 1288: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1273: 1262: 1258: 1257: 1253: 1251: 1248: 1244: 1242: 1238: 1235:Contests won 1234: 1232:Popular vote 1231: 1225: 1222: 1218: 1206: 1203: 1199: 1198: 1190: 1183: 1181: 1180: 1179:June 22, 1912 1172: 1168: 1166: 1155: 1151: 1150: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1137: 1135: 1131: 1128:Running mate 1127: 1125:Contests won 1124: 1122:Popular vote 1121: 1115: 1112: 1108: 1095: 1093: 1089: 1084: 1080: 1071: 1069: 1065: 1060: 1052: 1050: 1040: 1038: 1034: 1033: 1027: 1022: 1020: 1019: 1014: 1004: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 985: 983: 979: 973: 971: 967: 963: 958: 949: 947: 943: 938: 934: 929: 920: 918: 914: 913:Henry Stimson 908: 906: 902: 896: 894: 890: 886: 881: 879: 875: 871: 861: 857: 854: 853:Herbert Croly 850: 846: 842: 837: 835: 834: 829: 828: 823: 822: 815: 813: 809: 805: 799: 788: 786: 782: 778: 777:Hiram Johnson 773: 771: 767: 762: 758: 754: 748: 738: 736: 732: 728: 724: 719: 718: 712: 710: 706: 702: 697: 688: 685: 682: 677: 675: 670: 664: 661: 655: 653: 652:George Pardee 649: 645: 637: 632: 628: 626: 622: 616: 606: 604: 598: 595: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 565: 550: 547: 546: 541: 537: 533: 529: 525: 520: 518: 514: 510: 506: 502: 494: 489: 484: 469: 465: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 438: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 419:1912 election 416: 412: 399: 397: 392: 389: 387: 385: 380: 377: 376: 371: 367: Cummins 337: 327: 319: 311: 309: 306: 303: 300: 299: 295: 293: 290: 287: 284: 283: 279: 277: 274: 272: 269: 266: 265: 261: 258: 255: 252: 251: 248: 245: 243: 240: 238: 235: 232: 231: 228: 225: 223: 220: 218: 217: 213: 210: 209: 205: 201: 198: 194: 191: 187: 184: 183: 179: 171: 164: → 163: 160: 158: 155: 153: 152: 148: 136: 124: 121: 113: 102: 99: 95: 92: 88: 85: 81: 78: 74: 71: – 70: 66: 65:Find sources: 59: 55: 49: 48: 43:This article 41: 37: 32: 31: 19: 10245:Bibliography 10005: 9884:South Dakota 9874:Rhode Island 9869:Pennsylvania 9849:North Dakota 8683:Presidential 8670: 8591:2012 (Tampa) 8103: 7895:presidential 7879:Presidential 7777: 7758:VP nominee: 7757: 7749: 7729:VP nominee: 7728: 7720: 7677: 7669: 7652: 7635: 7625: 7602: 7565: 7557: 7554: 7545: 7522: 7469: 7461: 7438: 7430:→ 1916 7422:← 1908 7351: 7325: 7318: 7311: 7304: 7297: 7290: 7282: 7270: 7263: 7256: 7246: 7234: 7227: 7220: 7213: 7203: 7191: 7184: 7177: 7170: 7163: 7153: 7144: 7133: 6777: 6381:Reform Party 6369: 6152: 5936:Major events 5917: 5633: 5550:(7): 14–23. 5547: 5543: 5522: 5518: 5481: 5441: 5437: 5419:(1): 33–56. 5416: 5412: 5372: 5368: 5334: 5310: 5282: 5251: 5224: 5194: 5181: 5171: 5157: 5147: 5122: 5097: 5093:Chace, James 5067: 5039: 5014: 5010:Black, Merle 4974: 4965: 4956: 4947: 4938: 4929: 4920: 4907: 4886: 4863: 4852:. Retrieved 4850:. 1912-06-16 4847: 4835: 4806: 4794: 4782: 4773: 4733: 4721: 4675: 4663: 4651: 4639: 4546: 4519:. Retrieved 4512: 4501: 4456: 4444:. Retrieved 4439: 4428: 4416: 4404:. Retrieved 4397: 4386: 4355: 4346: 4334: 4327:Feldman 1917 4322: 4290:Feldman 1917 4266: 4239: 4206: 4194: 4182: 4151: 4139: 4127: 4100: 4088: 4076: 4064: 4020: 4008: 3949: 3937: 3925: 3913: 3901: 3894:Goodwin 2013 3889: 3877: 3870:Goodwin 2013 3865: 3853: 3841: 3829: 3817: 3786: 3774: 3762: 3750: 3743:Goodwin 2013 3677: 3665: 3653: 3641: 3629: 3617: 3605: 3593: 3581: 3552: 3545:Goodwin 2013 3540: 3533:Goodwin 2013 3528: 3521:Goodwin 2013 3483: 3479: 3473: 3444: 3432: 3420: 3408: 3403:, p. 2. 3401:Goodwin 2013 3396: 3384: 3372: 3361:. Retrieved 3350:. CQ Press. 3346: 3339: 3327: 3265:Frank Munsey 3249: 3222: 3214: 3197:favorite son 3132:William Spry 3020:Amos Pinchot 2992: 2981: 2975: 2969: 2966:Frank Munsey 2958: 2947: 2936: 2930: 2926: 2891:Chase Osborn 2749:Amos Pinchot 2747: 2735: 2716: 2700: 2684: 2668: 2659: 2634: 2622: 2604:Endorsements 2599: 2578: 2562: 2558: 2547:South Dakota 2524: 2520: 2486: 2482: 2448: 2444: 2410: 2406: 2399: 2371: 2366: 2363:conventions 2332: 2327: 2323: 2291: 2287: 2253: 2249: 2211: 2207: 2196:Pennsylvania 2173: 2169: 2137: 2133: 2093: 2089: 2062: 2058: 2027: 2023: 1993: 1967: 1963: 1947:North Dakota 1927: 1897: 1864: 1810:William Taft 1771: 1767: 1763: 1754: 1745: 1741: 1716: 1709: 1697: 1689: 1673: 1651: 1644: 1642: 1634: 1622: 1613: 1609: 1603: 1601: 1593: 1585: 1575:Rough Riders 1568: 1564: 1558:entertain a 1556: 1541: 1528:Chase Osborn 1512: 1508: 1484:William Kent 1481: 1474: 1465: 1463: 1457: 1431:data missing 1428: 1405:(1908–1926) 1398: 1374:data missing 1371: 1344:(1906–1925) 1337: 1313:data missing 1310: 1299: 1286: 1260:(1901–1909) 1254: 1196:data missing 1193: 1175: 1153:(1909–1913) 1147: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1061: 1058: 1046: 1030: 1023: 1016: 1010: 1001:Theodore Jr. 986: 977: 974: 959: 955: 930: 926: 909: 897: 882: 867: 858: 838: 831: 827:New York Sun 825: 819: 817: 801: 796: 774: 750: 715: 713: 698: 694: 686: 678: 665: 660:Louis Glavis 656: 641: 618: 602: 599: 567: 543: 521: 498: 466: 439: 408: 394: 390: 382: 378: 307: 291: 275: 270: 214: 156: 116: 107: 97: 90: 83: 76: 64: 52:Please help 47:verification 44: 10063:Fundraising 9984:Affiliated 9965:Puerto Rico 9799:Mississippi 9714:Connecticut 9436:Summerfield 9211:(2019–2023) 9205:(2015–2019) 9199:(2007–2015) 9193:(1999–2007) 9187:(1995–1999) 9181:(1981–1995) 9175:(1973–1981) 9169:(1965–1973) 9163:(1959–1965) 9157:(1939–1959) 9151:(1931–1939) 9145:(1925–1931) 9139:(1919–1925) 9133:(1911–1919) 9127:(1903–1911) 9121:(1899–1903) 9115:(1895–1899) 9109:(1891–1895) 9103:(1889–1891) 9097:(1883–1889) 9091:(1881–1883) 9085:(1879–1881) 9079:(1877–1879) 9073:(1875–1877) 9067:(1869–1875) 9055:(1863–1869) 9049:(1861–1863) 9043:(1860–1861) 9002:(2003–2007) 8996:(1996–2003) 8990:(1985–1996) 8984:(1980–1985) 8978:(1979–1980) 8972:(1977–1979) 8966:(1969–1977) 8960:(1959–1969) 8954:(1953–1959) 8942:(1952–1953) 8936:(1949–1952) 8930:(1944–1949) 8924:(1941–1944) 8918:(1940–1941) 8912:(1933–1940) 8906:(1929–1933) 8900:(1924–1929) 8894:(1918–1924) 8888:(1913–1918) 8882:(1911–1913) 8876:(1908–1911) 8870:(1897–1908) 8864:(1891–1897) 8858:(1885–1891) 8852:(1884–1885) 8846:(1862–1884) 8840:(1859–1862) 8820:U.S. Senate 8811:(2017–2021) 8805:(2001–2009) 8799:(1989–1993) 8793:(1981–1989) 8787:(1974–1977) 8781:(1969–1974) 8775:(1953–1961) 8769:(1929–1933) 8763:(1923–1929) 8757:(1921–1923) 8751:(1909–1913) 8745:(1901–1909) 8739:(1897–1901) 8733:(1889–1893) 8727:(1881–1885) 8715:(1877–1881) 8709:(1869–1877) 8703:(1865–1868) 8697:(1861–1865) 7888:conventions 7704:independent 7700:Third-party 7680:Emil Seidel 7670:President: 7626:President: 7551:(incumbent) 7546:President: 7509:Eugene Foss 7489:Champ Clark 7462:President: 7095:Green Party 6521:conventions 6343:Green Party 5899:Straw polls 5885:Green Party 5773:Fundraising 5006:Black, Earl 4999:Works cited 4868:Murphy 1974 4811:Morris 2010 4799:Morris 2010 4787:Morris 2010 4738:Morris 2010 4726:Morris 2010 4714:Morris 2010 4695:Morris 2010 4680:Morris 2010 4668:Morris 2010 4656:Morris 2010 4632:Morris 2010 4603:Morris 2010 4539:Morris 2010 4461:Morris 2010 4379:Morris 2010 4315:Morris 2010 4259:Morris 2010 4175:Morris 2010 4132:Morris 2010 4120:Morris 2010 4001:Morris 2010 3986:Morris 2010 3969:Morris 2010 3942:Morris 2010 3918:Morris 2010 3846:Morris 2010 3834:Morris 2010 3822:Morris 2010 3810:Morris 2010 3791:Morris 2010 3767:Morris 2010 3705:Morris 2010 3320:Morris 2010 3164:Individuals 3033:J.P. Morgan 2999:Individuals 2917:Journalists 2730:Individuals 2711:Journalists 2086:convention 2055:convention 1990:convention 1921:convention 1894:convention 1884:February 6 1874:32 (21.3%) 1867:118 (78.7%) 1861:convention 1849:January 23 1720:square deal 1700:hall runner 1630:L. B. Hanna 1626:Asle Gronna 1226:Home state 1116:Home state 980:denouncing 978:The Outlook 821:The Outlook 553:Party split 301:Percentage 9914:Washington 9834:New Mexico 9829:New Jersey 9704:California 9515:Fahrenkopf 9510:Fahrenkopf 9431:Gabrielson 9041:Pennington 9031:Conference 9017:U.S. House 8838:J. P. Hale 8828:Conference 8803:G. W. Bush 8773:Eisenhower 8555:G. W. Bush 8535:G. W. Bush 8315:Eisenhower 8295:Eisenhower 7706:candidates 7610:Convention 7530:Convention 7446:Convention 7155:Whig Party 5921:Ames, Iowa 5054:1568020651 5029:0674941306 4854:2016-02-24 4644:Mowry 1960 4551:Gould 1976 4421:Mowry 1946 4339:Mowry 1946 4271:Mowry 1946 4244:Mowry 1946 4232:Mowry 1946 4211:Mowry 1960 4199:Mowry 1960 4187:Mowry 1960 4156:Mowry 1960 4144:Mowry 1960 4105:Mowry 1960 4093:Mowry 1960 4081:Mowry 1960 4069:Mowry 1960 4057:Gould 1976 4042:Chace 2004 4013:Mowry 1946 3954:Mowry 1960 3930:Mowry 1960 3906:Mowry 1960 3882:Chace 2004 3858:Mowry 1960 3779:Mowry 1960 3755:Mowry 1960 3726:Chace 2004 3682:Mowry 1960 3670:Mowry 1960 3658:Mowry 1960 3646:Mowry 1960 3634:Mowry 1960 3622:Mowry 1960 3610:Mowry 1960 3598:Mowry 1960 3586:Wayne 2008 3574:Chace 2004 3557:Chace 2004 3466:Chace 2004 3449:Mowry 1960 3437:Mowry 1960 3425:Mowry 1960 3413:Chace 2004 3389:Chace 2004 3377:Gould 1976 3363:2016-02-19 3332:Gould 1976 3303:Chace 2004 3287:References 3229:Elihu Root 3211:Convention 3126:John Tener 3120:Ben Hooper 2944:Frank Knox 2637:March 2022 2509:New Jersey 2433:California 1832:Reference 1793:delegates 1516:Frank Knox 1220:Candidate 1110:Candidate 1098:Candidates 1037:Mr. Morgan 505:Elihu Root 472:Background 348: Taft 211:Candidate 80:newspapers 10235:Primaries 10171:Factional 10101:Sectional 9938:Territory 9924:Wisconsin 9889:Tennessee 9794:Minnesota 9769:Louisiana 9670:territory 9668:state and 9555:Gillespie 9540:Nicholson 9476:R. Morton 9456:T. Morton 9341:Rosewater 9331:Hitchcock 9321:Cortelyou 9143:Longworth 9006:McConnell 8886:Gallinger 8743:Roosevelt 8664:primaries 8644:primaries 8624:primaries 8604:primaries 8584:primaries 8564:primaries 8544:primaries 8524:primaries 8504:primaries 8484:primaries 8464:primaries 8444:primaries 8424:primaries 8404:primaries 8384:primaries 8364:primaries 8355:Goldwater 8344:primaries 8324:primaries 8304:primaries 8284:primaries 8264:primaries 8244:primaries 8224:primaries 8204:primaries 8184:primaries 8164:primaries 8144:primaries 8124:primaries 8119:Fairbanks 8104:primaries 8069:Fairbanks 8065:Roosevelt 8056:Roosevelt 7897:primaries 7750:Nominee: 7721:Nominee: 6519:National 5978:primaries 5506:143733897 5466:143817140 5397:147503477 5343:cite book 5291:cite book 5260:cite book 5233:cite book 5203:cite book 4828:Nash 1959 3090:Governors 2855:Governors 2629:talk page 2353:May 5–28 2310:April 30 2189:April 13 2117:Wisconsin 2034:(33.57%) 2010:March 26 1978:March 25 1940:March 19 1911:March 14 1356:Wisconsin 1340:Wisconsin 1300:1,164,765 1282:Positions 1229:Campaign 1119:Campaign 1088:the South 1043:Procedure 462:patronage 415:president 292:1,164,765 247:Wisconsin 10275:Category 10260:Trumpism 10115:Chairmen 10032:Factions 9994:Congress 9909:Virginia 9859:Oklahoma 9839:New York 9814:Nebraska 9804:Missouri 9789:Michigan 9779:Maryland 9764:Kentucky 9744:Illinois 9719:Delaware 9709:Colorado 9699:Arkansas 9589:McDaniel 9565:Martínez 9501:Richards 9416:Brownell 9411:Spangler 9396:Hamilton 9391:Fletcher 9301:Campbell 9296:Clarkson 9266:Chandler 9209:McCarthy 9185:Gingrich 9024:Speakers 8952:Knowland 8761:Coolidge 8737:McKinley 8731:Harrison 8719:Garfield 8155:Coolidge 8139:Coolidge 8052:McKinley 8039:McKinley 8026:Harrison 8013:Harrison 7987:Garfield 7886:national 7663:Nominees 7619:Nominees 7539:Nominees 7455:Nominees 5973:Caucuses 5918:defunct: 5556:24767265 5531:27551622 5458:41940243 5425:30238426 5357:Articles 5333:(1939). 5307:(2010). 5250:(1932). 5119:(2013). 5095:(2004). 5065:(1960). 5012:(1992). 3275:See also 2550:primary 2512:primary 2479:118,362 2474:primary 2436:primary 2396:primary 2393:Maryland 2320:primary 2279:primary 2241:primary 2238:Nebraska 2227:April 19 2204:191,179 2199:primary 2166:127,481 2161:primary 2158:Illinois 2151:April 9 2120:primary 2110:April 2 2052:Colorado 2028:(66.43%) 2020:primary 2017:New York 1950:primary 1918:Oklahoma 1443:Campaign 1278:Campaign 1272:New York 1171:Campaign 810:speech, 603:downward 540:Sorbonne 524:Khartoum 296:327,357 288:766,326 242:New York 110:May 2022 10240:Debates 10228:Related 9929:Wyoming 9904:Vermont 9809:Montana 9749:Indiana 9729:Georgia 9724:Florida 9694:Arizona 9684:Alabama 9664:Parties 9594:Whatley 9584:Priebus 9560:Mehlman 9550:Racicot 9545:Gilmore 9535:Barbour 9525:Yeutter 9520:Atwater 9441:Roberts 9386:Sanders 9271:Cameron 9256:Claflin 9246:Raymond 9217:(2023–) 9215:Johnson 9197:Boehner 9191:Hastert 9161:Halleck 9137:Gillett 9071:McCrary 9059:Pomeroy 9019:leaders 9008:(2007–) 8976:Stevens 8958:Dirksen 8940:Bridges 8874:E. Hale 8868:Allison 8862:Sherman 8856:Edmunds 8850:Sherman 8844:Anthony 8822:leaders 8755:Harding 8701:Johnson 8695:Lincoln 8259:Bricker 8235:Willkie 8135:Harding 8095:Sherman 8082:Sherman 7978:Wheeler 7939:Johnson 7935:Lincoln 7922:Lincoln 7909:Frémont 7881:tickets 7842:History 7345:Reforms 7145:Defunct 5834:debates 5498:1014670 5389:1944250 3500:3633711 2569:10,944 2555:19,960 2540:June 4 2517:44,034 2502:May 28 2493:15,570 2487:165,809 2464:May 21 2455:45,876 2449:138,563 2441:69,345 2426:May 14 2403:25,995 2336:83,099 2298:22,491 2284:20,517 2260:16,785 2246:13,341 2212:282,853 2180:42,692 2174:266,917 2138:133,354 2125:47,514 2083:Indiana 1960:23,669 1891:Florida 1796:Contest 1365:(14.5%) 1362:327,357 1303:(51.5%) 1187:(33.9%) 1184:766,326 1103:Nominee 781:elected 648:Spokane 538:at the 417:in the 185: 94:scholar 10173:groups 10103:groups 10065:groups 9864:Oregon 9819:Nevada 9759:Kansas 9734:Hawaii 9689:Alaska 9579:Steele 9574:Duncan 9569:Duncan 9506:Laxalt 9461:Miller 9451:Alcorn 9401:Martin 9376:Huston 9366:Butler 9351:Wilcox 9346:Hilles 9306:Carter 9276:Jewell 9261:Morgan 9241:Morgan 9234:Chairs 9179:Michel 9173:Rhodes 9155:Martin 9125:Cannon 9095:Cannon 9089:Keifer 9065:Blaine 9061:(1869) 9053:Colfax 9033:chairs 8948:(1953) 8934:Wherry 8922:McNary 8916:Austin 8910:McNary 8904:Watson 8898:Curtis 8880:Cullom 8830:chairs 8791:Reagan 8767:Hoover 8725:Arthur 8721:(1881) 8595:Romney 8575:McCain 8559:Cheney 8539:Cheney 8499:Quayle 8479:Quayle 8455:Reagan 8435:Reagan 8359:Miller 8279:Warren 8239:McNary 8215:Landon 8199:Curtis 8195:Hoover 8179:Curtis 8175:Hoover 8115:Hughes 8099:Butler 8043:Hobart 8017:Morton 8000:Blaine 7991:Arthur 7965:Wilson 7952:Colfax 7926:Hamlin 7913:Dayton 7787:Senate 5839:forums 5554: 5529: 5504: 5496: 5464: 5456: 5423: 5395: 5387: 5319: 5131: 5105: 5051: 5026: 4979:level. 3498: 3354: 2980:, and 2563:38,106 2531:3,464 2525:61,297 2411:29,124 2386:May 6 2341:2,058 2328:86,722 2292:28,905 2276:Oregon 2265:2,036 2254:45,795 1968:34,123 1955:1,876 1829:Other 1604:ad hoc 1530:, and 1414: 1353: 1269: 1162: 851:, and 707:, and 542:. The 458:caucus 312:14.5% 304:33.9% 96: 89: 82: 75: 67: 9894:Texas 9774:Maine 9739:Idaho 9677:State 9496:Brock 9491:Smith 9471:Bliss 9466:Burch 9426:Scott 9421:Reece 9406:Walsh 9361:Adams 9316:Payne 9311:Hanna 9286:Jones 9281:Sabin 9149:Snell 9000:Frist 8982:Baker 8970:Baker 8964:Scott 8928:White 8892:Lodge 8809:Trump 8779:Nixon 8713:Hayes 8707:Grant 8659:Vance 8655:Trump 8639:Pence 8635:Trump 8619:Pence 8615:Trump 8579:Palin 8399:Agnew 8395:Nixon 8379:Agnew 8375:Nixon 8339:Lodge 8335:Nixon 8319:Nixon 8299:Nixon 8275:Dewey 8255:Dewey 8159:Dawes 8004:Logan 7974:Hayes 7961:Grant 7948:Grant 7782:House 5926:Texas 5830:2020 5552:JSTOR 5527:JSTOR 5502:S2CID 5494:JSTOR 5462:S2CID 5454:JSTOR 5421:JSTOR 5393:S2CID 5385:JSTOR 5086:Books 4878:Notes 4844:(PDF) 4521:4 Jun 4446:4 Jun 4406:4 Jun 4360:2017. 3496:JSTOR 2579:Total 2360:Texas 1560:draft 1435:] 1427:[ 1378:] 1370:[ 1317:] 1309:[ 1200:] 1192:[ 843:" in 308:51.5% 101:JSTOR 87:books 9955:Guam 9899:Utah 9854:Ohio 9754:Iowa 9650:2024 9645:2023 9640:2021 9635:2019 9630:2017 9625:2015 9620:2013 9615:2011 9610:2009 9530:Bond 9486:Bush 9481:Dole 9446:Hall 9381:Fess 9371:Work 9356:Hays 9336:Hill 9291:Quay 9251:Ward 9203:Ryan 9167:Ford 9131:Mann 9113:Reed 9101:Reed 9083:Frye 9077:Hale 9047:Grow 8994:Lott 8988:Dole 8946:Taft 8785:Ford 8749:Taft 8599:Ryan 8519:Kemp 8515:Dole 8419:Dole 8415:Ford 8219:Knox 8091:Taft 8078:Taft 8030:Reid 7702:and 7424:) 7327:1952 7320:1948 7313:1924 7306:1920 7299:1916 7292:1912 7265:1896 7258:1892 7236:1888 7229:1884 7222:1880 7215:1876 7193:1856 7186:1852 7179:1848 7172:1844 7165:1839 7134:2024 7128:2020 7123:2016 7118:2012 7113:2008 7108:2004 7103:2000 7085:2024 7080:2020 7075:2016 7070:2014 7065:2012 7060:2010 7055:2008 7050:2004 7045:2000 7040:1996 7035:1991 7030:1987 7025:1983 7007:2024 7002:2020 6997:2016 6992:2012 6987:2008 6982:2004 6977:2000 6972:1996 6967:1992 6962:1988 6957:1984 6952:1980 6947:1976 6942:1972 6937:1968 6932:1964 6927:1960 6922:1956 6917:1952 6912:1948 6907:1944 6902:1940 6897:1936 6892:1932 6887:1928 6882:1924 6877:1920 6872:1916 6867:1912 6862:1908 6857:1904 6852:1900 6847:1896 6842:1892 6837:1888 6832:1884 6827:1880 6822:1876 6817:1872 6812:1868 6807:1864 6802:1860 6797:1856 6778:2024 6772:2020 6767:2016 6762:2012 6757:2008 6752:2004 6747:2000 6742:1996 6737:1992 6732:1988 6727:1984 6722:1980 6717:1976 6712:1972 6707:1968 6702:1964 6697:1960 6692:1956 6687:1952 6682:1948 6677:1944 6672:1940 6667:1936 6662:1932 6657:1928 6652:1924 6647:1920 6642:1916 6637:1912 6632:1908 6627:1904 6622:1900 6617:1896 6612:1892 6607:1888 6602:1884 6597:1880 6592:1876 6587:1872 6582:1868 6577:1864 6572:1860 6567:1856 6562:1852 6557:1848 6552:1844 6547:1840 6542:1835 6537:1832 6510:2024 6505:2020 6500:2016 6495:2012 6490:2008 6482:2024 6477:2020 6472:2016 6467:2008 6439:2020 6434:2016 6418:2020 6413:2016 6408:2012 6403:2008 6398:2004 6393:2000 6388:1996 6371:2024 6365:2020 6360:2016 6355:2012 6350:2008 6334:2024 6329:2020 6324:2016 6319:2012 6314:2008 6309:2004 6293:2024 6288:2020 6283:2016 6278:2012 6273:2008 6268:2004 6263:2000 6258:1996 6253:1992 6248:1988 6243:1984 6238:1980 6233:1976 6228:1972 6223:1968 6218:1964 6213:1960 6208:1956 6203:1952 6198:1948 6193:1944 6188:1940 6183:1936 6178:1932 6173:1928 6168:1924 6163:1920 6158:1916 6153:1912 6135:2024 6130:2020 6125:2016 6120:2012 6115:2008 6110:2004 6105:2000 6100:1996 6095:1992 6090:1988 6085:1984 6080:1980 6075:1976 6070:1972 6065:1968 6060:1964 6055:1960 6050:1956 6045:1952 6040:1948 6035:1944 6030:1940 6025:1936 6020:1932 6015:1928 6010:1924 6005:1920 6000:1916 5995:1912 5976:and 5889:2016 5881:2016 5873:2024 5868:2020 5863:2016 5858:2012 5853:2008 5826:2016 5821:2008 5816:2004 5795:2020 5790:2016 5785:2012 5780:2008 5764:2024 5759:2020 5754:2016 5749:2012 5744:2008 5735:2024 5731:2020 5726:2016 5721:2008 5716:2004 5697:2024 5692:2020 5687:2016 5682:2012 5677:2008 5669:2024 5664:2020 5659:2016 5654:2008 5634:2024 5628:2020 5623:2016 5618:2012 5613:2008 5608:2004 5349:link 5317:ISBN 5297:link 5266:link 5239:link 5209:link 5129:ISBN 5103:ISBN 5049:ISBN 5024:ISBN 4523:2023 4448:2023 4408:2023 3352:ISBN 3263:and 2929:and 2471:Ohio 2230:(27) 2144:643 2130:628 1784:Date 1682:and 1666:, a 1417:Iowa 1401:Iowa 1165:Ohio 872:and 779:was 588:and 493:1908 259:411 256:201 237:Ohio 162:1916 73:news 9326:New 9226:RNC 9028:and 8825:and 7892:and 5486:doi 5446:doi 5377:doi 3488:doi 2543:11 2505:28 2467:48 2429:26 2389:16 2356:40 2346:99 2313:36 2303:14 2272:10 2234:17 2192:76 2154:58 2113:26 2039:0% 2013:90 1943:10 1086:In 676:." 262:36 56:by 10277:: 9666:by 8653:: 8633:: 8613:: 8593:: 8573:: 8553:: 8533:: 8513:: 8493:: 8473:: 8453:: 8433:: 8413:: 8393:: 8373:: 8353:: 8333:: 8313:: 8293:: 8273:: 8253:: 8233:: 8213:: 8193:: 8173:: 8153:: 8133:: 8113:: 8089:: 8076:: 8063:: 8050:: 8037:: 8024:: 8011:: 7998:: 7985:: 7972:: 7959:: 7946:: 7933:: 7920:: 7907:: 7780:: 5548:31 5546:. 5542:. 5523:26 5521:. 5517:. 5500:. 5492:. 5480:. 5460:. 5452:. 5440:. 5436:. 5417:80 5415:. 5411:. 5391:. 5383:. 5373:11 5371:. 5367:. 5345:}} 5341:{{ 5293:}} 5289:{{ 5262:}} 5258:{{ 5235:}} 5231:{{ 5205:}} 5201:{{ 5184:. 5160:. 5071:. 5047:. 5043:. 5022:. 5018:. 5008:; 4984:^ 4895:^ 4846:. 4818:^ 4772:. 4745:^ 4702:^ 4687:^ 4610:^ 4573:^ 4558:^ 4531:^ 4511:. 4468:^ 4438:. 4396:. 4365:^ 4297:^ 4278:^ 4251:^ 4218:^ 4163:^ 4112:^ 4049:^ 4032:^ 3993:^ 3976:^ 3961:^ 3798:^ 3733:^ 3712:^ 3689:^ 3564:^ 3507:^ 3494:, 3482:, 3456:^ 3310:^ 3295:^ 3243:, 2974:, 2521:16 2515:12 2483:28 2477:20 2445:14 2417:0 2379:– 2376:— 2333:18 2324:18 2250:10 2218:0 2208:45 2202:31 2170:39 2164:19 2134:19 2099:? 2079:? 2068:? 2048:? 2032:31 2024:59 2001:– 1998:– 1981:2 1928:16 1924:? 1914:? 1887:4 1877:— 1852:2 1695:. 1490:, 1486:, 1423:— 1280:• 1021:. 964:, 703:, 654:. 280:2 9567:/ 9508:/ 9026:, 9021:, 8657:/ 8637:/ 8617:/ 8597:/ 8577:/ 8557:/ 8537:/ 8517:/ 8497:/ 8477:/ 8457:/ 8437:/ 8417:/ 8397:/ 8377:/ 8357:/ 8337:/ 8317:/ 8297:/ 8277:/ 8257:/ 8237:/ 8217:/ 8197:/ 8177:/ 8157:/ 8137:/ 8117:/ 8097:/ 8093:/ 8080:/ 8067:/ 8054:/ 8041:/ 8028:/ 8015:/ 8002:/ 7989:/ 7976:/ 7963:/ 7950:/ 7937:/ 7924:/ 7911:/ 7890:, 7883:, 7821:e 7814:t 7807:v 7612:) 7608:( 7532:) 7528:( 7448:) 7444:( 7432:) 7428:( 7420:( 7413:e 7406:t 7399:v 5928:) 5916:( 5586:e 5579:t 5572:v 5558:. 5533:. 5508:. 5488:: 5468:. 5448:: 5442:3 5427:. 5399:. 5379:: 5351:) 5325:. 5299:) 5268:) 5241:) 5211:) 5188:. 5164:. 5137:. 5111:. 5075:. 5057:. 5032:. 4870:. 4857:. 4830:. 4525:. 4450:. 4410:. 4059:. 3588:. 3490:: 3484:3 3366:. 2639:) 2635:( 2631:. 2567:2 2559:6 2553:3 2529:0 2491:0 2453:5 2439:7 2415:0 2407:8 2400:8 2372:5 2367:5 2344:0 2339:0 2301:0 2296:3 2288:4 2282:3 2263:0 2258:4 2244:3 2216:0 2178:0 2142:0 2128:0 2123:7 2094:? 2090:? 2063:? 2059:? 2037:0 1994:2 1964:6 1958:4 1953:0 1865:2 1284:) 1276:( 1173:) 1169:( 276:9 271:2 123:) 117:( 112:) 108:( 98:· 91:· 84:· 77:· 50:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge

1912 Republican Party presidential primaries

Index