32:
339:
a south-dipping fault plane, with no clear evidence of lateral movement. The sense of displacement along the rest of the near-vertical Chon-Kemin and Chilik rupture zone was dominantly of sinistral (left lateral) strike-slip with minor amounts of reverse faulting, with between one and three metres of vertical displacement. Left-lateral displacements of up to 40 m recognised from the offset of river channels, represent cumulative displacements and no separate estimates have been obtained for the 1911 event.
39:
235:
385:, which are relatively resistant to earthquakes and unlikely to cause deaths even if they do collapse. The greatest damage and most of the casualties, including in yurts, resulted from landslides triggered by the earthquake, with 452 people killed and another 740 people injured. Nearly 1,100 houses and 4,545 yurts were destroyed by the earthquake and the resulting landslides.
338:
This complex zone of ruptures has four main segments: the 20 km long Dzhil'-Aryk, the 62 km long Lower Chon-Kemin, south side, the 40 km long Lower Chon-Kemin, north side and the 66 km long Upper Chon-Kemin-Chilik zone. The Dzhil'-Aryk segment shows evidence of reverse faulting on
347:
This zone has two parts: the 40 km long Chon-Aksu segment and the 34 km long Aksu segment. Along the Chon-Aksu valley the movement was dominantly reverse in type along a 60° north-dipping reverse fault, with up to 10.5 m vertical displacement and at most 1 m horizontal displacement, from
364:
Many landslides and rock avalanches were triggered by the earthquake and are associated with the mapped zones of surface rupture. The two largest landslides were the Kaindy rock avalanche and the
Ananevo rockslide. The Kaindy landslide, with a volume of 15 x 10 m, was formed of a mass of
356:, possibly steepening with depth, with a maximum vertical offset or 3–5 m, decreasing steadily to the east. In total about 200 km of fault surfaces ruptured, although there was no visible faulting joining the two main rupture zones.
330:
was identified by fieldwork immediately following the earthquake. Two main zones of rupture were noted, one complex zone along the Chon-Kemin and Chilik valleys, the other along the Chon-Aksu valley.
425:
530:
Arrowsmith, J.R.; Crosby C.J.; Korjenkov A.M.; Mamyrov E. & Povolotskaya I. (2005). "Surface rupture of the 1911 Kebin (Chon-Kemin) earthquake, Northern Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan".
426:
National
Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (1972).
318:
bounded to both north and south by opposite verging thrust faults, while the major Chon-Kemin–Chilik strike-slip fault runs along the linear valleys to the north.
464:
1183:
1123:
679:
1254:
651:
369:
that buried a group of yurts and killed 38 people. The
Ananevo rockslide also had a volume of about 15 x 10 m, and was formed of weathered
31:
1116:
672:
828:
624:
211:
456:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1109:
62:
150:
1132:
665:
399:
1052:
988:
908:
76:
920:
558:
460:
494:
1224:
1198:
427:
1043:
1249:
1143:
973:
760:
751:
1063:
1034:
1028:
1011:
956:
931:
891:
848:
814:
777:
725:
711:
694:
394:
1193:
880:
51:
1071:
791:
262:
of 8.0, it killed 452 people, destroyed more than 770 buildings (which was almost all of the city) in
125:
115:
1244:
1158:
997:
404:
1203:
1178:
899:
766:
81:
1168:
1019:
945:
939:
862:
800:
1153:
914:
871:
822:
785:
702:
647:
259:
68:
619:. NATO science series: Earth and environmental sciences. Vol. 13. Springer. p. 156.
612:
1188:
1173:
1148:
982:
856:
834:
742:
557:
Havenith, H.-B.; Strom A.; Jongmans D.; Abdrakhmatov K.; Delvaux D. & Tréfois P. (2003).
311:
291:
326:
In the Chong-Kemin and Chilik valleys, and on the shoreline of Issyk Kul, a complex zone of
964:
573:
539:
8:
577:
543:
559:"Seismic triggering of landslides, Part A: Field evidence from the Northern Tien Shan"
620:
271:
255:
613:"Active tectonics and seismic hazard of the Issyk-Kul Basin in the Kyrgyz Tian-Shan"
290:
mountains form part of the broad zone of deformation associated with the continuing
581:
431:
307:
327:
270:, and resulted in 125 miles (201 km) of surface faulting in the valleys of
299:
1218:
586:
529:
492:
165:
152:
1101:
657:
353:
295:
275:
242:
lake with zones of ground ruptures from the 1911 earthquake shown in yellow
556:
352:. The outcrop pattern of the Aksu segment rupture indicates a low-angle
315:
267:
189:
185:
493:
Delvaux, D.; Abdrakhmatov K.E.; Lemzin I.N. & Strom A.L. (2001).
435:
366:
303:
287:
239:
495:"Landslides and surface breaks of the 1911 Ms 8.2 Kemin earthquake"
370:
349:
263:
610:
373:
material, with a 250 m high backscarp that is still visible.
234:
382:
611:
Abdrachmatov, K.E.; Djanuzakov, K.D.; Delvaux, D. (2002).
643:
430:. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information.
1089:
indicates earthquake resulting in at least 30 deaths
333:
1216:
1094:indicates the deadliest earthquake of the year
606:
604:
342:
1131:
1117:
673:
38:
687:
525:
523:
601:
1124:
1110:
680:
666:
381:Most of the region's inhabitants lived in
306:, the tectonic regime is a combination of
16:Earthquake in Kazakhstan on 3 January 1911
585:
566:Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
520:
488:
486:
484:
482:
126:
116:
532:American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting
457:"Today in Earthquake History: January 3"
233:
617:Lake Issyk-Kul: its natural environment
615:. In Klerkx J.; Imanackunov B. (eds.).
572:. European Geosciences Union: 135–149.
550:
1217:
479:
421:
419:
1105:
661:
348:the lack of observed offset of river
1255:1911 disasters in the Russian Empire
467:from the original on 23 January 2010
428:"Significant Earthquake Information"
416:
281:
13:
644:International Seismological Centre
321:
238:Main geological structures around
14:
1266:
636:
400:List of earthquakes in Kyrgyzstan
37:
30:
859:(6.0, (Feb 18), 6.4 (April 24))
461:United States Geological Survey
258:on 3 January. Registering at a
204:
502:Russian Geology and Geophysics
449:
334:Chon-Kemin Chilik rupture zone
1:
410:
359:
7:
395:List of earthquakes in 1911
388:
343:Chon-Aksu Aksu rupture zone
10:
1271:
1240:1911 in the Russian Empire
314:. The lake is formed in a
1235:Earthquakes in Kyrgyzstan
1230:Earthquakes in Kazakhstan
1139:
1133:Earthquakes in Kyrgyzstan
1084:
1062:
1010:
955:
930:
890:
847:
813:
776:
724:
693:
405:1902 Turkestan earthquake
376:
224:
203:
195:
181:
144:
136:
110:
102:
87:
74:
61:
50:
26:
688:Earthquakes in the 1910s
587:10.5194/nhess-3-135-2003
302:. In the region around
140:20 km (12 mi)
243:
1225:Earthquakes in Russia
252:Chon-Kemin earthquake
248:1911 Kebin earthquake
237:
228:452 dead, 740 injured
22:1911 Kebin earthquake
1250:January 1911 events
1199:2011 Fergana Valley
578:2003NHESS...3..135H
544:2005AGUFM.T51F..05A
463:. 27 October 2009.
162: /
57:1911-01-03 23:25:48
23:
652:authoritative data
244:
21:
1212:
1211:
1144:1885 Belovodoskoe
1099:
1098:
829:Sulawesi–Mindanao
626:978-1-4020-0899-3
256:Russian Turkestan
232:
231:
1262:
1245:1911 earthquakes
1126:
1119:
1112:
1103:
1102:
1053:Vancouver Island
682:
675:
668:
659:
658:
631:
630:
608:
599:
598:
596:
594:
589:
563:
554:
548:
547:
527:
518:
517:
515:
513:
499:
490:
477:
476:
474:
472:
453:
447:
446:
444:
442:
436:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
423:
282:Tectonic setting
260:moment magnitude
220:
218:
206:
177:
176:
174:
173:
172:
167:
163:
160:
159:
158:
155:
131:
121:
98:
96:
41:
40:
34:
24:
20:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1208:
1135:
1130:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1080:
1058:
1031:(6.7, April 21)
1006:
951:
926:
921:Pleasant Valley
909:Imperial Valley
886:
843:
809:
772:
720:
689:
686:
654:for this event.
639:
634:
627:
609:
602:
592:
590:
561:
555:
551:
528:
521:
511:
509:
508:(10): 1583–1592
497:
491:
480:
470:
468:
455:
454:
450:
440:
438:
424:
417:
413:
391:
379:
362:
345:
336:
328:surface rupture
324:
322:Characteristics
284:
278:and Chon-Aksu.
212:
210:
170:
168:
164:
161:
156:
153:
151:
149:
148:
130:
123:
120:
103:Local time
94:
92:
88:Local date
46:
45:
44:
43:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1268:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1159:1902 Turkestan
1156:
1151:
1146:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1129:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1106:
1097:
1096:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1074:(7.0, Nov 18)
1068:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1056:
1050:
1046:(7.5, Oct 11)
1041:
1037:(8.3, Aug 15)
1032:
1026:
1022:(7.2, Feb 13)
1016:
1014:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1004:
1000:(5.6, Dec 25)
995:
991:(6.8, Aug 28)
986:
980:
971:
967:(6.6, Jan 20)
961:
959:
953:
952:
950:
949:
943:
936:
934:
928:
927:
925:
924:
918:
917:(5.8, Sept 23)
912:
911:(6.3, June 23)
906:
902:(6.7, Jan 13)
896:
894:
888:
887:
885:
884:
878:
869:
860:
853:
851:
845:
844:
842:
841:
837:(6.7, Dec 21)
832:
826:
819:
817:
811:
810:
808:
807:
803:(6.9, Nov 19)
798:
789:
782:
780:
774:
773:
771:
770:
764:
763:(8.1, June 15)
758:
754:(7.6, June 7)
749:
745:(7.4, Feb 18)
740:
730:
728:
722:
721:
719:
718:
709:
705:(8.1, Apr 12)
699:
697:
691:
690:
685:
684:
677:
670:
662:
656:
655:
638:
637:External links
635:
633:
632:
625:
600:
549:
519:
478:
448:
414:
412:
409:
408:
407:
402:
397:
390:
387:
378:
375:
361:
358:
344:
341:
335:
332:
323:
320:
310:and sinistral
300:Eurasian Plate
283:
280:
230:
229:
226:
222:
221:
208:
201:
200:
197:
193:
192:
183:
182:Areas affected
179:
178:
146:
142:
141:
138:
134:
133:
128:
118:
112:
108:
107:
104:
100:
99:
91:4 January 1911
89:
85:
84:
79:
72:
71:
66:
59:
58:
55:
48:
47:
36:
35:
29:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1267:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1205:
1204:2024 Uqturpan
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1179:1992 Suusamyr
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1127:
1122:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1003:
999:
996:
994:
990:
987:
985:(8.5, Jun 25)
984:
981:
979:
976:(6.7, Jun 7)
975:
972:
970:
966:
963:
962:
960:
958:
954:
948:(5.3, Aug 16)
947:
944:
942:(5.3, May 17)
941:
938:
937:
935:
933:
929:
922:
919:
916:
913:
910:
907:
905:
901:
898:
897:
895:
893:
889:
882:
879:
877:
873:
870:
868:
865:(7.0, Mar 15)
864:
861:
858:
855:
854:
852:
850:
846:
840:
836:
833:
831:(7.9, Mar 14)
830:
827:
825:(?.?, Feb 27)
824:
821:
820:
818:
816:
812:
806:
802:
799:
797:
794:(7.4, Aug 9)
793:
790:
788:(7.9, May 23)
787:
784:
783:
781:
779:
775:
769:(7.6, Dec 16)
768:
765:
762:
759:
757:
753:
750:
748:
744:
741:
739:
736:(7.7, Jan 3)
735:
732:
731:
729:
727:
723:
717:
714:(6.4, May 4)
713:
710:
708:
704:
701:
700:
698:
696:
692:
683:
678:
676:
671:
669:
664:
663:
660:
653:
649:
645:
641:
640:
628:
622:
618:
614:
607:
605:
588:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
560:
553:
545:
541:
537:
533:
526:
524:
507:
503:
496:
489:
487:
485:
483:
466:
462:
458:
452:
437:
433:
429:
422:
420:
415:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
392:
386:
384:
374:
372:
368:
357:
355:
351:
340:
331:
329:
319:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
279:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
241:
236:
227:
223:
219:
216:
209:
202:
198:
194:
191:
187:
184:
180:
175:
166:42.9°N 76.8°E
147:
143:
139:
135:
132:
122:
113:
109:
105:
101:
90:
86:
83:
80:
78:
73:
70:
67:
64:
60:
56:
53:
49:
33:
25:
19:
1169:1946 Chatkal
1163:
1091:
1086:
1075:
1055:(7.2, Dec 6)
1047:
1038:
1023:
1001:
992:
977:
974:San Salvador
968:
923:(6.8, Oct 2)
903:
883:(6.6, Oct 7)
875:
874:(7.0, Oct 4)
866:
838:
804:
795:
761:Kikai Island
755:
746:
737:
733:
715:
706:
648:bibliography
616:
591:. Retrieved
569:
565:
552:
538:: #T51F–05.
535:
531:
510:. Retrieved
505:
501:
469:. Retrieved
451:
439:. Retrieved
380:
363:
346:
337:
325:
296:Indian Plate
294:between the
285:
251:
247:
245:
214:
196:Total damage
18:
1154:1889 Chilik
1035:Celebes Sea
1029:San Jacinto
593:30 December
512:29 December
312:strike-slip
169: /
65: event
1219:Categories
1189:2003 Bachu
1184:1996 Artux
1174:1985 Wuqia
1164:1911 Kebin
1149:1887 Verny
1044:San Fermín
712:Costa Rica
411:References
360:Landslides
316:ramp basin
272:Chon-Kemin
268:Kazakhstan
225:Casualties
190:Kazakhstan
186:Kyrgyzstan
171:42.9; 76.8
95:1911-01-04
54: time
1194:2008 Nura
998:Guatemala
881:East Cape
752:Michoacán
471:3 January
441:4 January
367:limestone
308:thrusting
304:Issyk Kul
292:collision
288:Tien Shan
254:, struck
240:Issyk Kul
207:intensity
145:Epicenter
111:Magnitude
900:Avezzano
767:Guerrero
465:Archived
389:See also
371:granitic
350:thalwegs
298:and the
69:16958130
1072:Ayvalık
1020:Shantou
863:Senboku
801:Acambay
792:Mürefte
650:and/or
574:Bibcode
540:Bibcode
215:Extreme
213:MMI X (
157:76°48′E
154:42°54′N
93: (
989:Nantou
946:Rimini
940:Rimini
915:Asmara
872:Burdur
823:Asmara
786:Maymyo
703:Taiwan
646:has a
623:
377:Impact
354:thrust
276:Chilik
264:Almaty
199:Severe
82:ComCat
983:Samoa
835:Eshan
743:Sarez
734:Kebin
562:(PDF)
498:(PDF)
383:yurts
250:, or
137:Depth
106:05:25
75:USGS-
1064:1919
1012:1918
965:Bali
957:1917
932:1916
892:1915
857:Reno
849:1914
815:1913
778:1912
726:1911
695:1910
642:The
621:ISBN
595:2010
514:2010
473:2010
443:2024
286:The
246:The
205:Max.
124:8.1
114:8.0
77:ANSS
582:doi
432:doi
63:ISC
52:UTC
1221::
1076:†‡
1024:†‡
969:†‡
904:†‡
876:†‡
839:†‡
796:†‡
738:†‡
716:†‡
603:^
580:.
568:.
564:.
536:51
534:.
522:^
506:42
504:.
500:.
481:^
459:.
418:^
274:,
266:,
188:,
1125:e
1118:t
1111:v
1092:‡
1087:†
1048:†
1039:†
1002:†
993:†
978:†
867:†
805:†
756:†
747:†
707:†
681:e
674:t
667:v
629:.
597:.
584::
576::
570:3
546:.
542::
516:.
475:.
445:.
434::
217:)
129:s
127:M
119:w
117:M
97:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
